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Evaluate the Feasibility of Passive House in China Context Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Evaluate the Feasibility of Passive House in China Context Author: Xu Gu Supervisor: Paul Tuohy A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the degree Master of Science Sustainable Engineering: Renewable Energy Systems and the Environment 2012 Copyright Declaration This thesis is the result of the author‟s original research. It has been composed by the author and has not been previously submitted for examination which has led to the award of a degree. The copyright of this thesis belongs to the author under the terms of the United Kingdom Copyright Acts as qualified by University of Strathclyde Regulation 3.50. Due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. Signed: Xu Gu Date: 05/09/2012 ii Abstract In May 1988, the concept of Passive House was created in Germany with a lot of research projects. And in 1990, the first Passive House residences were built in Darmstadt, Germany. Until today, there are more than 25000 certified Passive Houses in the whole world, involves the first Passive House in Dunoon in Scotland which is used as a model in this project. Additionally, in the Expo 2010 in Shanghai, German built a certified Passive House which is the first one in China. So this project will evaluate the feasibility of Passive House in China context. As the background of energy in China is so serious, about one third of the energy consumption amount is imported from other countries, and the energy efficiency is lower around 35% than in Japan and USA, and also the huge energy consumption because of the fast growth of population. The environment pollution is also another problem in China. However, the emergence of Passive House will reduce and save more energy consumption, with just not more than 15 kWh/m2 in heating demand, a peak load of 10 W/m2, and with not more than 120 kWh/m2 in total primary energy consumption. The project focus on the Passive House in Dunoon, and with improving its windows, ventilation, shading to make sure it will have a good performance in China context. The main method is through PHPP (Passive House Planning Package) to analyze the performance of Passive House. Then input the climate data in three different climate zones in China to find out its different performance. And the results show that it has a big problem about the overheating. Finally, with the study of the climate condition, more technical problems and legislation in China, evaluate the feasibility, and the final research findings have showed that the Passive House is feasibility but not now. iii Acknowledgements I would to thank Paul Tuohy as my supervisor for this project, his knowledge of Passive House, his support and advice have given me a lot of help. Special thank my family for their continued support and encouragement, without them, I have no chance to study this course. iv Table of Contents Copyright Declaration ............................................................................................... ii Abstract ....................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents .......................................................................................................v List of Figures .......................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .............................................................................................................. x 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Aims ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Objectives............................................................................................................... 3 2. Literature Review ............................................................................................... 4 2.1 The Concept of Passive House ................................................................................ 5 2.2 PHPP .................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Passive House in Different Climates ...................................................................... 12 2.4 Passive House Projects ......................................................................................... 13 2.5 The First Passive House in China ........................................................................... 16 2.6 Summary .............................................................................................................. 17 2.6.1 Research Questions ....................................................................................... 17 2.6.2 Research Methods ........................................................................................ 17 3. Case study of Dunoon Passive House............................................................... 18 3.1 Introduction of Dunoon Passive House ................................................................. 19 3.2 Climate in Dunoon ................................................................................................ 20 3.3 Technical Details of Dunoon Passive House ........................................................... 22 3.3.1 Building Elements .......................................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Windows ....................................................................................................... 24 v 3.3.3 Doors ............................................................................................................ 25 3.3.4 Ventilation .................................................................................................... 26 3.3.5 Heating and DHW .......................................................................................... 27 3.3.6 Other Details ................................................................................................. 27 3.3.7 Final Results .................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Challenges of Dunoon Passive House .................................................................... 28 3.5 Feedback from Home Owner ................................................................................ 31 4. Methodology and Results ................................................................................ 32 4.1 Improve the Passive House in Dunoon .................................................................. 33 4.2 Introduction of the Climate Conditions in China .................................................... 42 4.3 Input the Climate Data and the Output Results ..................................................... 44 4.4 More Improvement of the Passive House in China Context ................................... 47 4.4.1 Improvement of Passive House in Beijing ...................................................... 48 4.4.2 Improvement of Passive House in Shanghai ................................................... 49 4.4.3 Improvement of Passive House in Hong Kong ................................................ 50 5. Analysis ............................................................................................................ 51 5.1 The Situation of Environment and Energy in China ................................................ 52 5.1.1 Energy Situation and Problems in China ........................................................ 52 5.1.2 Environment Problems in China..................................................................... 58 5.2 The Limitation of Passive House in China .............................................................. 61 5.2.1 Different Climate Zones in China ................................................................... 61 5.2.2 Special Conditions in China ............................................................................ 62 5.2.3 Relevant Policies and Legislation in China ...................................................... 65 5.2.4 More Technical Problems in China ................................................................. 67 5.3 Summary .............................................................................................................. 68 vi 6. Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 69 7. Further Work ................................................................................................... 71 References .............................................................................................................. 72 Appendix I: Details of Dunoon Passive House ......................................................... 76 Appendix II: Technical Details of Paul Focus 200 ..................................................... 83 vii List of Figures Figure 1: Traditional Passive Houses in Southern China (source: passipedia) ............. 5 Figure 2: Fridtjof Nansen’s polar ship (source: passipedia) ........................................ 5 Figure 3: Southern view of the Passive House in Darmstadt-Kranichstein (source: passipedia) ..............................................................................................
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