60Th Meeting of Nobel Laureates at Lindau Retrospects and Prospects 2010 Crossing Borders, Celebrating Science: the 2010 Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

60Th Meeting of Nobel Laureates at Lindau Retrospects and Prospects 2010 Crossing Borders, Celebrating Science: the 2010 Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates 60th Meeting of Nobel Laureates FROM PAGE 6 “Discoveries 2010: Energy” Your support for the scientific dialogue exhibition on the Isle of Mainau between generations with a contribu- FROM PAGE 134 tion to the endowment of the Foundation 10 Years Foundation Lindau Nobelprize­ Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at winners Meetings at Lake Constance Lake Constance is highly appreciated: FROM PAGE 140 CT. CT. E E Building a bridge between the Lindau Deutsche Bank AG, München Meetings and the European Capital of ONN ONN C C . Account No. 800 16 61 . Culture E E R R I Bank Code 700 700 10 I FROM PAGE 144 IBAN DE 27 7007 0010 0800 1661 00 60 Years of Science History: . INSP. INSP. E SWIFT (BIC) DEUTDEMMXXX E The Mediatheque of the Lindau Meetings FROM PAGE 146 2010 EDUCAT EDUCAT ) ) Y Y ar During the week at Lindau, I had the great for- Meeting oF Nobel LaurEates aT Lindau (2010) ar Last year at my first Lindau Meeting I really RD lin “RetroSpects and proSpects” ISSN 1869-3741 lin p tune of meeting fascinating Laureates and fel- p 3 InterdisciplinarY Meeting – PlatforM For the enjoyed talking with the young scientists, pri- low students from not only my own field of sci- DIaLoguE betwEEN scientific Generations marily graduate students and postdoctoral disci disci r ence, but from biology and chemistry as well. r researchers, about my research and their inter- published by TH The interdisciplinarity was truly a key aspect ests, and then having the chance to meet other nte Council For the Lindau Nobel LaurEate meetingS nte 60 Meeting oF Nobel LaurEates aT Lindau of this meeting, and one that I felt was warmly Laureates (I enjoyed hearing about their sci- g (I g FoundatioN Lindau NobelprIzEwinnerS MeetingS aT LakE Constance (I g ReTROSPECTS AND PROSPECTS 2010 embraced by all participants. I was personally ence and interests as much as the young sci- eetin very inspired by the Laureates´ thoughts on eetin entists). These aspects were, once again, at M M bridging the gap between physics and biology, the forefront during the meeting this year. te te a a E and this is a question that I believe will be cen- E I was fortunate to be able to give my presen- tral in my future career. tation fairly early in the meeting, so I could Laur Still, the most valuable learning of the week Laur spend even more time with the young scien- bel may very well be that the Laureates are human bel tists. Additional, because the meeting this year just like the rest of us, surprisingly open and was more general, I had the added enjoyment au No au au No au willing to share their mistakes and personal of being able to talk with students whose inter- ind experiences with us students. I would like to ind ests (e.g., particle physics and astronomy) were stress that equally fascinating as the Laure- very much different from my own. I also had a 2010 L 2010 2010 L 2010 ates, was the global congregation of students. wonderful time meeting and talking with the Many of the contacts made during this meet- Physics Laureates. ing will most probably have great importance Martin Chalfie, in my future scientific career. Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2008 Daniel Midtvedt, Sweden 3RD INTERDISCIPLINARY MEETING – PLATFORM FOR THE DiALOGUE BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC GENERATIONS 60TH MEETING OF NOBEL LAUREATES AT LiNDAU RETROSPECTS AND PROSPECTS 2010 Crossing Borders, Celebrating Science: The 2010 Lindau Meeting of Nobel Laureates The 60th Meeting of Nobel Laureates has once again shown the timeless value and vibrant original idea of this globally unique forum: As many as 59 Laureates have dedicated their valuable time outside laboratories and lecture halls to educate, to inspire and to connect the next generation of leading researchers. Once again, I would like to convey our gratitude to all participating Laureates and the scientific chairpersons. Following the Lindau Meetings in 2000 and 2005, this year’s meeting was once more dedicated to an inter- disciplinary exchange. This kind of dialogue helps us to cope with the complex challenges of our time and to find answers to the most pressing issues in science and research. The Laureates, as well as the 675 young researchers have made a conscious effort, to provide and to seek inspiration beyond the boundaries of their own fields of specialisation. Promoting this kind of exchange between generations of scientists as well as between disciplines is an impor- tant aspect of Lindau’s ‘Mission Education’. The panel discussion on the closing day at the Isle of Mainau about “Sustainability and Energy” provided not only a perfect 2 example of the lively Lindau Dialogue but opened the dation Board, Wolfgang Schürer, for his tremendous door for the public: The exhibition “Discoveries 2010: efforts. For 10 years now, he has been dedicating him- Energy”, in cooperation with the Federal Ministry of Edu- self to the ‘Mission Education’. Council and the Founda- cation and Research, presented an invitation to cutting- tion are looking forward to continuing the pursuit of edge science and research. In their pavilions, 18 partners this noble purpose. presented approaches to sustainable, safe and ecologi- cally sound energy solutions. “The Future of Energy” This report offers insights into the various facets of our formed a focal point of the 60th Meeting of Nobel Lau- ‘Mission Education’, founded on the concept of partner- reates, making it once more an inspiring “workshop of ship. Let me thank the whole team of our Lindau office the future” for the international scientific community. under the leadership of Nikolaus Turner and Wolfgang Huang, that has contributed a special and dedicated Today, the Lindau Meetings are built on a solid basis effort in realising this year’s interdisciplinary meet- thanks to the efforts of the Foundation Lindau Nobel- ing. The worldwide network of Academic Partners has prizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance. Over the past nominated outstanding and highly promising Best Tal- 10 years, the financial foundations were secured and ents. This Lindau Meeting – the largest to date – has therefore it was possible to make considerable progress been realised thanks to funding provided by a number in establishing excellent standards regarding the pro- of institutions from science, the public and the private gramme, the participants, as well as the organisation sector. Council and Foundation are grateful for the wide of the meetings. This is mirrored in the way Lindau is range of support. Our recognition and appreciation are perceived around the world. On behalf of the Council for due to all partners. the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings, I would therefore like to congratulate the Foundation Board on a success ful first decade. On a personal note, I would like to extend my profound gratitude to the Chairman of the Foun- Countess Bettina Bernadotte, President of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 3 Our ‘Mission Education’ in 2010 The ‘Mission Education’ encapsulates the aims of the work 60TH MEETING OF NOBEL LAUREATES jointly carried out by the Council for the Lindau Nobel from June 27th until July 2nd, 2010 Laureate Meetings and the Foundation Lindau Nobel- prizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance: to educate, 59 Nobel Laureates from the fields of physics, chemis- to inspire and to connect scientific generations. It goes try and physiology or medicine and 675 highly talented back to 1951 when the first Lindau Meeting brought young researchers from 68 countries came together on together Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine with the shores of Lake Constance for a week of personal medical doctors. Today, the ‘Mission Education’ reaches encounters and an exchange of ideas. Almost 200 aca- beyond the annual meeting and incorporates projects demic institutions from around the globe had nominated like the exhibition series “Discoveries” on the Isle of the up-and-coming scientists. Being the 3rd Interdiscipli- Mainau and the mediatheque with historical lectures, nary Meeting lectures and panel discussions covered a from past meetings. wide range of scientific topics like cosmology, the future of biomedicine, energy and sustainability and what it Still, the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings form the cen- means to be a scientist. trepiece of all activities. They nurture the enthusiasm for natural sciences among the 675 young researchers from around the world. It is here that science and research are celebrated with fervor, the scientific issues FROM PAGE 6 of the day are focus of discussion, lasting friendships are made and answers to the great challenges of the future are considered. Carefully selected projects like the exhibition series and the mediatheque broaden the objectives not only of the ‘Mission Education’ itself, but also of each annual Lindau Meeting and each contribution by Nobel Laure- ates. Not only those who were privileged to meet the Laureates personally in Lindau are able to learn about and be inspired by their work, but everybody interested in science. This is how the ‘Mission Education’ of the Council and the Foundation contributes to the dialogue between science and society. 4 BEYOND THE 2010 LiNDAU MEETING “Discoveries 2010: Energy” 10 Years Foundation Lindau Nobelprize­ Exhibition on the Isle of Mainau from winners Meetings at Lake Constance May 20th until August 29th, 2010 As an integral part of the annually changing “Science The year 2000 marked a milestone in terms of ensur- Year” campaign of the German Federal Ministry of Edu- ing the future and enhancing the development of the cation and Research, the exhibition series “Discoveries” Lindau Meetings: The Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewin- on the Isle of Mainau opened its doors for the broad pub- ners Meetings at Lake Constance was set up by 50 Nobel lic again.
Recommended publications
  • Unesco High Panel on Science for Development
    UNESCO HIGH PANEL ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT ** Attendees 15-16 September 2011 **Dr Atta-ur-Rahman President, Network of Academies of Science of Islamic Countries Distinguished National Professor of Chemistry, Karachi University Karachi, Pakistan **Dr Susan Avery President and Director, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA **Dr Vijay Chandru Chief Executive Officer, Strand Life Sciences Bangalore, India Sir Partha Dasgupta Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK HRH Princess Sumaya bint El Hassan of Jordan President of the Royal Scientific Society Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan **HRH exceptionally to be replaced by Prof. Odeh Al-Jayyousi Vice-President of the Royal Scientific Society Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Dr Rolf Heuer Director-General, CERN Geneva, Switzerland **Dr Sergei Kapitza Vice President, Academy of Natural Sciences, Russia Professor, Institute of Physics Moscow, Russia Dr Gong Ke President, Nankai University Tianjin, China **Prof. Dr Javier de Lucas Director, Cité internationale universitaire de Paris Paris, France **Prof. Dr Wolfram Mauser Dean of the Faculty of Geosciences Munich Ludwig Maximilian University 1 Munich, Germany **Prof. Gordon McBean Department of Geography, Social Science Centre The University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada **Prof. Ahmadou Lamine N’Diaye President, African Academy of Sciences & President, National Academy of Science and Technology of Senegal Dakar, Senegal Prof. Tebello Nyokong Department of Chemistry Rhodes University
    [Show full text]
  • Marie Curie and Her Time
    Marie Curie and Her Time by Hélène Langevin-Joliot to pass our lives near each other hypnotized by our dreams, your patriotic dream, our humanitarian dream, arie Curie (1867–1934) belongs to that exclu- and our scientific dream.” sive group of women whose worldwide rec- Frederick Soddy wrote about Marie that she was Mognition and fame have endured for a century “the most beautiful discovery of Pierre Curie.” Of or more. She was indeed one of the major agents of course, it might also be said that Pierre Curie was the scientific revolution which allowed experimen- “the most beautiful discovery of Marie Skłodowska.” tal investigation to extend beyond the macroscopic It is difficult to imagine more contrasting personali- world. Her work placed the first stone in the founda- ties than those of Pierre and of Marie. In spite of that, tion of a new discipline: radiochemistry. And Curie’s or because of that, they complemented each other achievements are even more remarkable since they astonishingly well. Pierre was as dreamy as Marie was occurred in the field of science, an intellectual activ- organized. At the same time, they shared similar ideas ity traditionally forbidden to women. However, these about family and society. accomplishments alone don’t seem to fully explain the near mythic status of Marie Curie today. One hundred years ago, she was often considered to be just an assistant to her husband. Perhaps the reason her name still resonates is because of the compelling story of her life and her intriguing personality. The Most Beautiful Discovery of Pierre Curie The story of the young Maria Skłodowska leaving In this iconic photograph of participants at the Fifth her native Poland to pursue upper-level studies in Solvay Conference in 1927, Marie Curie is third from Paris sounds like something out of a novel.
    [Show full text]
  • Fischer Carbene Complexes in Organic Synthesis Ke Chen 1/31/2007
    Baran Group Meeting Fischer Carbene Complexes in Organic Synthesis Ke Chen 1/31/2007 Ernst Otto Fischer (1918 - ) Other Types of Stabilized Carbenes: German inorganic chemist. Born in Munich Schrock carbene, named after Richard R. Schrock, is nucleophilic on November 10, 1918. Studied at Munich at the carbene carbon atom in an unpaired triplet state. Technical University and spent his career there. Became director of the inorganic Comparision of Fisher Carbene and Schrock carbene: chemistry institute in 1964. In the 1960s, discovered a metal alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes, referred to as Fischer carbenes and Fischer carbynes. Shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Geoffery Wilkinson in 1973, for the pioneering work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds. Schrock carbenes are found with: Representatives: high oxidation states Isolation of first transition-metal carbene complex: CH early transition metals Ti(IV), Ta(V) 2 non pi-acceptor ligands Cp2Ta CH N Me LiMe Me 2 2 non pi-donor substituents CH3 (CO) W CO (CO)5W 5 (CO)5W A.B. Charette J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 11829. OMe O E. O. Fischer, A. Maasbol, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1964, 3, 580. Persistent carbenes, isolated as a crystalline solid by Anthony J. Arduengo in 1991, can exist in the singlet state or the triplet state. Representative Fischer Carbenes: W(CO) Cr(CO) 5 5 Fe(CO)4 Mn(CO)2(MeCp) Co(CO)3SnPh3 Me OMe Ph Ph Ph NEt2 Ph OTiCp2Cl Me OMe Foiled carbenes were defined as "systems where stabilization is Fischer carbenes are found with : obtained by the inception of the facile reaction which is foiled by the impossibility of attaining the final product geometry".
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemistrystanford00kornrich.Pdf
    University of California Berkeley Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Program in the History of the Biosciences and Biotechnology Arthur Kornberg, M.D. BIOCHEMISTRY AT STANFORD, BIOTECHNOLOGY AT DNAX With an Introduction by Joshua Lederberg Interviews Conducted by Sally Smith Hughes, Ph.D. in 1997 Copyright 1998 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Arthur Kornberg, M.D., dated June 18, 1997. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley.
    [Show full text]
  • AHMED H. ZEWAIL 26 February 1946 . 2 August 2016
    AHMED H. ZEWAIL 26 february 1946 . 2 august 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY VOL. 162, NO. 2, JUNE 2018 biographical memoirs t is often proclaimed that a stylist is someone who does and says things in memorable ways. From an analysis of his experimental Iprowess, his written contributions, his lectures, and even from the details of the illustrations he used in his published papers or during his lectures to scientific and other audiences, Ahmed Zewail, by this or any other definition, was a stylist par excellence. For more than a quarter of a century, I interacted with Ahmed (and members of his family) very regularly. Sometimes he and I spoke several times a week during long-distance calls. Despite our totally different backgrounds we became the strongest of friends, and we got on with one another like the proverbial house on fire. We collaborated scientifi- cally and we adjudicated one another’s work, as well as that of others. We frequently exchanged culturally interesting stories. We each relished the challenge of delivering popular lectures. In common with very many others, I deem him to be unforgettable, for a variety of different reasons. He was one of the intellectually ablest persons that I have ever met. He possessed elemental energy. He executed a succession of brilliant experiments. And, almost single-handedly, he created the subject of femtochemistry, with all its magnificent manifestations and ramifications. From the time we first began to exchange ideas, I felt a growing affinity for his personality and attitude. This was reinforced when I told him that, ever since I was a teenager, I had developed a deep interest in Egyptology and a love for modern Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin
    Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin By Cambridge News | Posted: January 18, 2016 By Adam Care The News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, celebrating over 100 years of scientific and social innovation. ADVERTISING In this installment we move from 1951 to 1974, a period which saw a host of dramatic breakthroughs, in biology, atomic science, the discovery of pulsars and theories of global trade. It's also a period which saw The Eagle pub come to national prominence and the appearance of the first female name in Cambridge University's long Nobel history. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1. 1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei 2. 1951 John Cockcroft, St John's / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei Walton and Cockcroft shared the 1951 physics prize after they famously 'split the atom' in Cambridge 1932, ushering in the nuclear age with their particle accelerator, the Cockcroft-Walton generator. In later years Walton returned to his native Ireland, as a fellow of Trinity College Dublin, while in 1951 Cockcroft became the first master of Churchill College, where he died 16 years later. 3. 1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography 4.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Toronto University-Wide Impact Presentation
    UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO UNIVERSITY-WIDE IMPACT PRESENTATION INTRO: .......................................................................................... 2 SECTION 1: GLOBAL FOOTPRINT .............................................. 3 SECTION 2: INNOVATION AND IMPACT .................................... 15 SECTION 3: EXCELLENCE AND LEADERSHIP IN SOCIETY ..... 31 Text is not editable on animation slides. Updated May 2021 ON-SCREEN IMAGE SPEAKER’S NOTES BEGINNING OF PRESENTATION [Good afternoon]. My name is [X], and I serve as [X] at the University of Toronto. Thank you for joining us [today]. [Today] I would like to take you through a presentation that speaks to the crucial role that U of T is honoured to play in our communities and our world. U of T is a world-leading university with three campuses in the Greater Toronto Area. We provide students with a comprehensive global education, produce life-changing research, and promote economic growth and social progress in our communities. I’m going to cover three aspects: • U of T’s Global Footprint • U of T’s Innovation and Impact • U of T’s Excellence and Leadership in Society Since its very early days, U of T has been fortunate to have forged connections with institutions around the world and to have welcomed faculty and students from elsewhere to become part of the U of T community. Today, U of T’s global footprint is significant. 2 SECTION 1 GLOBAL FOOTPRINT 3 ON-SCREEN IMAGE SPEAKER’S NOTES We are immensely proud of our worldwide alumni community. Over 630,000 U of T alumni live, work and contribute to civil society in more than 190 countries and territories. Few universities in the world can rival the cultural diversity of our student population.
    [Show full text]
  • Peptide Chemistry up to Its Present State
    Appendix In this Appendix biographical sketches are compiled of many scientists who have made notable contributions to the development of peptide chemistry up to its present state. We have tried to consider names mainly connected with important events during the earlier periods of peptide history, but could not include all authors mentioned in the text of this book. This is particularly true for the more recent decades when the number of peptide chemists and biologists increased to such an extent that their enumeration would have gone beyond the scope of this Appendix. 250 Appendix Plate 8. Emil Abderhalden (1877-1950), Photo Plate 9. S. Akabori Leopoldina, Halle J Plate 10. Ernst Bayer Plate 11. Karel Blaha (1926-1988) Appendix 251 Plate 12. Max Brenner Plate 13. Hans Brockmann (1903-1988) Plate 14. Victor Bruckner (1900- 1980) Plate 15. Pehr V. Edman (1916- 1977) 252 Appendix Plate 16. Lyman C. Craig (1906-1974) Plate 17. Vittorio Erspamer Plate 18. Joseph S. Fruton, Biochemist and Historian Appendix 253 Plate 19. Rolf Geiger (1923-1988) Plate 20. Wolfgang Konig Plate 21. Dorothy Hodgkins Plate. 22. Franz Hofmeister (1850-1922), (Fischer, biograph. Lexikon) 254 Appendix Plate 23. The picture shows the late Professor 1.E. Jorpes (r.j and Professor V. Mutt during their favorite pastime in the archipelago on the Baltic near Stockholm Plate 24. Ephraim Katchalski (Katzir) Plate 25. Abraham Patchornik Appendix 255 Plate 26. P.G. Katsoyannis Plate 27. George W. Kenner (1922-1978) Plate 28. Edger Lederer (1908- 1988) Plate 29. Hennann Leuchs (1879-1945) 256 Appendix Plate 30. Choh Hao Li (1913-1987) Plate 31.
    [Show full text]
  • Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
    22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science
    Nuclear Science—A Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart ©2018 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted. Name(s) Discovery Year Henri Becquerel, Pierre Discovered spontaneous radioactivity 1903 Curie, and Marie Curie Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and 1908 chemistry of radioactive elements (chem) Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem) Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances 1921 including the origin and nature of radioactive (chem) isotopes Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive 1922 elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of (chem) atomic masses Charles Wilson Development of the cloud chamber for detecting 1927 charged particles Harold Urey Discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem) Frederic Joliot and Synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 Irene Joliot-Curie (chem) James Chadwick Discovery of the neutron 1935 Carl David Anderson Discovery of the positron 1936 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements produced by neutron 1938 irradiation Ernest Lawrence
    [Show full text]
  • A Lateral Thinker
    CHEMISTRY MASTERCLASS OUTLOOK In physics, the big question is: how can the two great theories in physics — quantum physics and M GRAYSON the theory of gravitation — be unified? There are other questions: what is the content of our Universe? What are dark matter and dark energy? Only four per cent of the Universe is the matter that we are made of; what is the rest? In biology, there is: what is life? We know which elements are important for life, but will it ever be possible for humans to create artificial life? These are the big questions. Chemistry has nothing compared with this. Erwin Schrodinger posed the question ‘what is life?’ seventy years ago in his book of the same title. How close have we come to answering it? The question that Schrodinger was asking was very specific — in essence, do we expect that new laws will be necessary to describe biology? And he couldn’t give an answer, mainly because he was not able to explain the formation of structure in biology. Not only molecular structure, but larger structures as well – for example, how does a cell divide only in the middle? We can start to answer these questions using non-linear dynamics — and that is the field that interests me the most. What is the importance of structure to life? Self-organization is the basis for all kinds of structure formation. Closed systems that have no external inputs will eventually find a state of equilibrium that can be disordered or ordered. For example, salt ions precip- itating out of a solution can assemble into ordered crystals.
    [Show full text]
  • Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to End the Nuclear Weapons Threat to Humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26
    Relevant Appeals against War and for Nuclear Disarmament from Scientific Networks 1945- 2010 Reiner Braun/ Manuel Müller/ Magdalena Polakowski Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955)……………..…..1 The first Pugwash Conferenec (1957)………..……4 The Letter from Bertrand Russell to Joseph Rotblat (1956)………………………………..……...6 „Göttinger 18“ (1957)…………………………..…..8 Hiroshima Appeal (1959)………………………..…9 Linus Pauling (1961)…………………………..…..10 The Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race (1980)………………..…..11 The Göttingen Draft Treaty to Ban Space Weapons (1984)…………………………………………….....15 Appeal by American Scientists to Ban Space Weapons (1985)………………………………..…..16 The Hamburg Disarmament Proposals (1986)…………………………………………..…...17 Hans A. Bethe to Mr. President (1997)………..…18 Appeal from Scientists in Japan (1998)……….....20 U.S.Nobel laureates object to preventive attack on Iraq (2003)……………………………………...….25 Appeal from the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation to end the nuclear weapons threat to humanity (2003)………………………………………..……...26 Appeal to support an International Einstein Year (2004)……………………………………………….28 Scientists for a Nuclear Weapons Free World, INES (2009)…………………………..……………31 Milan Document on Nuclear Disarmament (2010)……………………..34 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) 1 Russell-Einstein-Manifesto (1955) In the tragic situation which confronts humanity, we feel that scientists should assemble in conference to appraise the perils that have arisen as a result of the development of weapons of mass destruction, and to discuss a resolution in the spirit of the appended draft. We are speaking on this occasion, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between Communism and anti-Communism.
    [Show full text]