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Students Study Pe a C E 1 0 Grant Awards AUGUST 2 0 0 1 Inside 4 FELLOWSHIP PROJECT Peacekeeping in the 1990s Vol. VII, No. 5 5 The Future UN I T E D STAT E S IN S T I T U T E O F PE AC E ■ WA S H I N G TO N , DC of Peace Operations 6 Making SENSE Students Study Pe a c e 1 0 Grant Awards Forty-five winners of this year’s National Peace Essay Contest visit their representatives on Capitol Hill and study the effectiveness of third parties in civil conflict. Left: Essay Con- test winners at the Finnish Embassy on awards night. Below: Rep. Ralph Regula addresses the students on Capitol Hill. On her last day in Washington, cameras rolling and the dome of Kimberly Greenberg of New the Capitol looming in the back- York attended a briefing by Rep. ground. Ralph Regula (R-Ohio), had a “It was so amazing,” said the private meeting with her district’s soon-to-be junior at Great Neck congressman, Democrat Gary North High School on Long Ackerman, toured the Supreme Island. Court, visited all the monuments Greenberg came to Washing- along the National Mall, got ton on June 23–28 for a five-day completely lost, and landed in intensive working tour of the city the middle of a crowded outdoor along with 44 other first-place press conference with the TV See Students Study Peace, page 2 2 Students Study Pe a c e Continued from page 1 Moore of Louisville, Ky., $2,500. were riding on the trolley that The state winners received a runs under the Capitol alongside $1,000 scholarship. the senator, who was on his way to cast a vote. Visiting Capitol Hill From there, Biden took the youths to a staff meeting, where Greenberg said she was most his staff briefed him for a press impressed by Regula’s talk. The conference on topics ranging from 15-term Republican from Ohio the Balkans to the Middle East to spent over an hour with the stu- East Asia and national security dents discussing the fast-paced more broadly. “The senator needs life of America’s political leaders to be an expert on all those sub- in Congress and the issues they jects in order to do a press confer- wrestle with. The items he dis- ence,” Figueira said. “You could cussed included the conflicts in tell everything the staff said was the Middle East and the Balkans, going right into his head.” and his recent visit to Macedonia. That evening at the award cer- Political leaders need to make dif- emony at the Finnish Embassy, Above, left to state winners in the U.S. Institute ficult decisions about when to Chris Belcik of Hallettsville, right: Stefanie of Peace’s National Peace Essay intervene in a crisis to prevent Tex., population 2,700, said he Nelson and Contest. further suffering, and they have to had been completely surprised to Suzanne Among their many activities, balance many competing interests discover that he was one of the Hopcroft. the students participated in a and demands, he said. “We are a essay contest winners. There are three-day simulation exercise rich nation surrounded by an 24 sophomores and 18 juniors in focused on the conflict in Sri ocean. But we are a people who his entire high school, Sacred Lanka. As part of the exercise, care about our neighbors, about Heart Academy, where he will be they attended briefings by Sri the people of the world and help- a junior. At first, he didn’t want Lankan officials at that country’s ing them.” to come to Washington, in part embassy and by officials from the “Regula was very open and because he had never been outside State Department and the World honest,” Greenberg said after his Texas before, but his teacher, Ida Bank at the bank’s headquarters. talk. “Not everything is perfect in Bludan, encouraged him to On their final day, the students Washington, but trust in govern- attend. Before writing the essay, met with their representatives on ment is important. We take it for his main interest was agriculture, Capitol Hill, had free time to granted how stable our country is. as he works after school on the explore the Mall monuments and It meant a lot to me that he spoke family farm hauling hay, feeding museums, and ended the day with to us so openly. He was really cattle, and fixing fences. Writing a banquet at the Finnish cool.” the essay and participating in the Embassy, where the top three After Regula’s talk, Adam events in Washington “opened up national winners were announced. Figueira of Delaware and his a window for me,” he said. “I About 5,000 students from across friend Matthew Holbreich of learned a lot about the peace the United States, including Indiana dropped by the office of process and diplomatic relations.” Puerto Rico and American high Sen. Joseph Biden (D-Del.) on a After the national winners school students studying overseas, whim. The senator had a busy were announced, Stefanie Nelson, wrote essays for this year’s Peace schedule that day, and Figueira who will be a senior at Bountiful Essay Contest, and of those about didn’t have an appointment, but High School, said that winning 1,200 submitted theirs. The first being an outgoing fellow, Figueira the first place scholarship had place nationally was awarded to told Biden’s staff that he had gone completely changed her options Stefanie Nelson of Bountiful, to high school with the senator’s for college. Her first choice is now Utah, with a $10,000 scholarship; daughter. “They got right on the Harvard. “I’m shaking,” she said. second place to Suzanne phone and called him,” Figueira “It’s wonderful.” Hopcroft of Woodstock, Conn., said. One thing led to another, $5,000; and third place to Scott and soon Figueira and Holbreich 3 Top: Students participate in a call-in radio pro- gram at the V o i c e of America. Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published six times a year by the Middle, left: United States Institute of Peace, an independent, nonpartisan feder- al institution created by Congress to promote research, education, Stefanie Nelson and training on the peaceful resolution of international conflicts. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of at VOA. Middle, the Institute or its board of directors. right: Students To receive Peace Watch, write to the Editor, Peace Watch, United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200, Washing- prepare for a ton, DC 20036-3011. For general information call 2 0 2 - 4 5 7 - 1 7 0 0 , fax 202-429-6063, e-mail: [email protected], briefing at the Sri or check our web site: www.usip.org. Lankan Embassy. President: Richard H. Solomon Executive Vice President: Harriet Hentges Bottom, left to Publications Director: Dan Snodderly Editor: Cynthia Roderick right: Joshua Production Manager: Marie Marr Photo Credits: Staff, Bill Fitz-Patrick Hershberger Board of Directors meets with Sen. Chairman: Chester A. Crocker. Vice Chairman: Seymour Martin Richard C. Shelby Lipset. Members: Betty F. Bumpers, Holly J. Burkhalter, Marc E. Leland, Mora L. McLean, María Otero, Barbara W. Snelling, Shibley (R-Ala.) at his Telhami, Harriet Zimmerman. Members ex officio: Paul G. Gaffney office on Capitol II, National Defense University; Lorne W. Craner, Department of State; Donald H. Rumsfeld, Department of Defense; Richard H. Hill. Solomon, Institute president (nonvoting). 4 For his fellowship project, “We’re hearing that UN peace- Coicaud, a senior academic officer keeping is costly, which it is. How- in the Peace and Governance Pro- ever, the cost is quite low, relatively gram at the United Nations Uni- speaking. There’s a total lack of versity in Tokyo, uses peacekeeping proportionality between the visibil- as a lens through which to assess ity of peacekeeping operations and the emerging post–Cold War the real numbers behind it,” international order. He worked at Coicaud says. the United Nations in 1992–96 as Critics tend to blame the short- French language speechwriter for comings of UN peacekeeping oper- Secretary General Boutros Boutros- ations on problems within the Right: Jean- Ghali and his executive office. UN, a lack of political will among Marc Coicaud Essentially Coicaud, whose member states, and a reluctance to background is in political science multilateral action on the part of and philosophy, looks at the evolu- the United States, the sole global tion of the international system, power. Coicaud explores each of describing its successes, failures, these explanations in depth. He Pe a c e ke e p i n g and ambiguities, as well as the ethi- notes that the United States essen- cal and political dilemmas that it tially created the post–World War faces. His ultimate concern is II international architecture and in the 1 9 9 0s and the whether the international commu- gave its own liberal principles and nity will maintain some degree of values to the new international Dilemmas of the solidarity over humanitarian issues, system. Once the East-West com- human rights values, and democra- petition of the Cold War was gone, tic principles, or whether it will the United States and other West- I n t e r n a t i o n a l retreat to a more traditional mode ern democratic powers had an of operation based on competition incentive to respond to these and strategic interests. democratic and humanitarian Sys t e m Coicaud notes that the peace- imperatives. keeping missions of the 1990s However, their desire to do so n the 1990s, the international involved a range of initiatives pre- ran into competing interests and community deployed nearly 40 viously unthinkable: humanitarian values.
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