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The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq
The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq Julie Ahn—Maeve Campbell—Pete Knoetgen Client: Office of Iraq Affairs, U.S. Department of State Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Advisor: Meghan O’Sullivan Policy Analysis Exercise Seminar Leader: Matthew Bunn May 7, 2018 This Policy Analysis Exercise reflects the views of the authors and should not be viewed as representing the views of the US Government, nor those of Harvard University or any of its faculty. Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the many people who helped us throughout the development, research, and drafting of this report. Our field work in Iraq would not have been possible without the help of Sherzad Khidhir. His willingness to connect us with in-country stakeholders significantly contributed to the breadth of our interviews. Those interviews were made possible by our fantastic translators, Lezan, Ehsan, and Younis, who ensured that we could capture critical information and the nuance of discussions. We also greatly appreciated the willingness of U.S. State Department officials, the soldiers of Operation Inherent Resolve, and our many other interview participants to provide us with their time and insights. Thanks to their assistance, we were able to gain a better grasp of this immensely complex topic. Throughout our research, we benefitted from consultations with numerous Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) faculty, as well as with individuals from the larger Harvard community. We would especially like to thank Harvard Business School Professor Kristin Fabbe and Razzaq al-Saiedi from the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative who both provided critical support to our project. -
Operation Inherent Resolve Lead Inspector General Report to the United States Congress
OPERATION INHERENT RESOLVE LEAD INSPECTOR GENERAL REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS JANUARY 1, 2021–MARCH 31, 2021 FRONT MATTER ABOUT THIS REPORT A 2013 amendment to the Inspector General Act established the Lead Inspector General (Lead IG) framework for oversight of overseas contingency operations and requires that the Lead IG submit quarterly reports to the U.S. Congress on each active operation. The Chair of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency designated the DoD Inspector General (IG) as the Lead IG for Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR). The DoS IG is the Associate IG for the operation. The USAID IG participates in oversight of the operation. The Offices of Inspector General (OIG) of the DoD, the DoS, and USAID are referred to in this report as the Lead IG agencies. Other partner agencies also contribute to oversight of OIR. The Lead IG agencies collectively carry out the Lead IG statutory responsibilities to: • Develop a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of the operation. • Ensure independent and effective oversight of programs and operations of the U.S. Government in support of the operation through either joint or individual audits, inspections, investigations, or evaluations. • Report quarterly to Congress and the public on the operation and on activities of the Lead IG agencies. METHODOLOGY To produce this quarterly report, the Lead IG agencies submit requests for information to the DoD, the DoS, USAID, and other Federal agencies about OIR and related programs. The Lead IG agencies also gather data and information from other sources, including official documents, congressional testimony, policy research organizations, press conferences, think tanks, and media reports. -
Rapid Market Assessment Report Hamadanyia District, Ninewa Islamic Relief Worldwide, Iraq December 2019
Rapid Market Assessment Report Hamadanyia District, Ninewa Islamic Relief Worldwide, Iraq December1 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Al-Mosul Center for Culture and Sciences (MCCS) thanks Islamic Relief Iraq team for their cooperation and support with this rapid market assessment in Sinjar and Al-Hamdaniya , Ninewa Iraq. In particular, we would like to recognize: Akram Sadeq Ali Head of Programmes Noor Khan Mengal Project Manager Hawree Rasheed Project Coordinator Field research would not have been possible without the participation of government representatives, Mosul Chamber of Commerce as well as the assistance of local residents from the project targeted areas who took part in the research as enumerators and participants. The following individuals contributed to the field research and analysis undertaken for this research: Al-Mosul Centre for Culture and Sciences (MCCS) Ibrahim Adeeb Ibrahim Data analyst and report writer Hammam Alchalabi Team Leader Disclaimer: This report was made possible by the financial support of the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Iraq Crisis Response and Resilience Programme (ICRRP) with generous funding from the Government of Japan through Islamic Relief Iraq (Agreement No. P/AM 204/19). This report is not a legally binding document. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and does not reflect the views of any of the contributing partners, including those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or UN Member States. Any errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. Reproduction -
Mosul After the Battle
Mosul after the Battle Reparations for civilian harm and the future of Ninewa © Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights and Minority Rights Group International January 2020 Cover photo: This report has been produced with the financial assistance of the Swiss Federal De- A woman peeks out of a gate partment of Foreign Affairs and the European Union. The contents of this report are peppered with bullet marks after fighting between the Iraqi Army the sole responsibility of the publishers and can under no circumstances be regarded and ISIS militants in Al-Qadisiyah as reflecting the position of the Swiss FDFA or the European Union. district, Mosul, Iraq. © Iva Zimova/Panos This report was written by Khaled Zaza and Élise Steiner of Zaza Consulting, Mariam Bilikhodze and Dr. Mahmood Azzo Hamdow of the Faculty of Political Sci- ence, University of Mosul. Special thanks to Dr. Tine Gade for research support and review of the report. Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights The Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights is a new initiative to develop ‘civilian-led monitoring’ of violations of international humanitarian law or human rights, to pursue legal and political accountability for those responsible for such violations, and to develop the practice of civilian rights. The Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights is registered as a charity and a company limited by guarantee under English law; charity no: 1160083, company no: 9069133. Minority Rights Group International MRG is an NGO working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities. MRG works with over 150 partner orga- nizations in nearly 50 countries. -
COI QUERY Disclaimer
COI QUERY Country of Origin/Topic Iraq Question(s) What is the security context and treatment of Christians in Iraq? 1. Background 1.1. Post-ISIL security context of Christian community - Targeted destruction of infrastructure and habitat - Targeting of Christians by armed actors 1.2. Ninewa governorate and ability to secure law and order - Governance, education and practice of Christianity in Iraq 1.3. Missing, IDPs and returnees Date of completion 22 October 2020 Query Code Q 21 Contributing EU+ COI This query response was sent to the EASO COI Specialists Network units (if applicable) on Iraq1 for contributions on the security context and treatment of Yazidis. No information was contributed by EU+ countries, but feedback was received from the Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo). Disclaimer This response to a COI query has been elaborated according to the Common EU Guidelines for Processing COI and EASO COI Report Methodology. The information provided in this response has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in the response does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. -
Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ZENODO Bulletin of SOAS, 71, 3 (2008), 409–431. E School of Oriental and African Studies. Printed in the United Kingdom. Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic1 Hezy Mutzafi Tel Aviv University [email protected] Abstract The present article seeks to describe a major group of Jewish North- Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects located across the Great Zab river in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the dialectological map of NENA, hence the term ‘‘Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic’’ (‘‘Trans-Zab’’, for short) chosen for this dialect group. A large set of phonological, morphophonological, morphological and lexical innova- tions, shared by all members of this group, is presented. Each of the Trans-Zab features is compared with contrastive parallel features in other, selected NENA varieties. Finally, an internal classification of Trans-Zab into three subdivisions is proposed, based on a comparison of three respective paradigms of the positive present copula. I. Introduction North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) is an extremely diverse group of Christian and Jewish Aramaic varieties exhibiting an intricate maze of crisscrossing isoglosses that render its subgrouping a very difficult task indeed. One major difficulty in this regard is distinguishing between shared innovations, which are the result of genetic inheritance from a common ancestor, and other common innovations which are irrelevant to genetic classification, being the result of parallel independent developments or areal diffusion across various dialect clusters. An attempt at a comprehensive subgrouping of NENA would be, to my mind, premature at the present stage of imperfect knowledge of this group’s 1 Note the following abbreviations: Ar. -
A Miracle in the Making to Forgive Thanks to You, Iraq’S Christians Are at Last Going Home
Learning A miracle in the making to forgive Thanks to you, Iraq’s Christians are at last going home Displaced Christian family Camala (left), her daughter, Bushra (centre), and grandchildren Mariam, aged 16, and Adel, nine. THANKS to you, ACN has provided food Ashti 2 displacement camp in Erbil, Camala able to take with them. baskets for 12,000 families living in shares her three-room caravan with her Looking at them, Camala said, her voice displacement, mostly in Kurdish daughter, Bushra, and grandchildren breaking with emotion: “When Jesus was northern Iraq. Ragheed, 21, Mariam, 16, nine-year-old on the Cross, he forgave those who put Since they fl ed Daesh (ISIS) in August Adel and Milad, eight. him there. 2014, they have been entirely dependent Recalling that terrible night in 2014 “If Christ can say that on the Cross, on ACN for their daily needs. when the family fl ed their home in Nineveh why can’t I say that about Daesh even Many of them cannot go home because as Daesh advanced, Camala pointed to aft er all they have done to us?” they are from Mosul where security issues three tapestries behind her. Thanking ACN for your support, and widespread damage mean that – for The tapestries, which depict Our Lord Camala said: “Words don’t come close most people – it is impossible to go home. Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary, were to expressing our gratitude for what you One such person is Camala. Living in about the only things the family were have done for us.” Just back home to the Nineveh village of Teleskof: Samer Issa, 39, his wife Najeeba, 26, and their daughters Mariam, eight and seven-year-old Gazal. -
Appendix 1 7.1.04
APPENDIX I SECTOR: Security and Law Enforcement Since the last report, an additional $1.5 billion in Development Fund for Iraq (DFI) funding has been added to security efforts: $500 million in the revised 2004 Iraqi budget published in early April and $1 billion in funds from the UN escrow account for the Oil for Food program. Of the additional $1.5 billion, $1 billion was added for training, equipping and sustaining Iraqi security forces. Another $377 million was added to support the following three initiatives: the Accelerated Iraqi Reconstruction Program, the Rapid Regional Response Program (R3P) and the Middle Euphrates Program. The remaining $123 million was added to the Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP) allowing Coalition field commanders to address humanitarian needs in their region of authority. The additional funds for Iraqi security forces have been applied toward new and emerging requirements as a direct result of the more difficult security situation since early April. As noted in the Executive Summary, Lieutenant General David Petraeus arrived in early June to lead the Office of Security Transition-Iraq (OST-I). At his request the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) established the “Iraqi Security Forces Quick Response Program,” a new project that was separately reported and notified on June 24, 2004. This $40 million project will allow OST-I to make a series of diverse, relatively small purchases in support of the Iraqi Armed Forces, the Iraqi National Guard (ING, formerly the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps), Iraqi Police Service, Department of Border Enforcement, and the Facilities Protection Service. This program will be funded out of the IRRF by reallocating $20 million from the Border Enforcement project and $20 million from the Facilities Protection Service. -
A Vernacular Aramaic Statement from the 10Th Century History of Mosul by Al-Azdī
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 20.2, 365-373 © 2017 by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press A VERNACULAR ARAMAIC STATEMENT FROM THE 10TH CENTURY HISTORY OF MOSUL BY AL-AZDĪ AMIR HARRAK UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO ABSTRACT Vernacular Aramaic is usually a spoken language but to find a sentence uttered in this dialect as early as the 8th century CE is both rare and remarkable. The 10th century al-Azdi, in his History of Mosul, quoted this sentence said by a boatman and gave its translation in Arabic in the context of the invasion of Mesopotamia by the Abbasids. Even though the transmission of the Aramaic sentence partially distorted it and its translation is thus a bit problematic, there is no doubt about the linguistic origin and meaning of thesentence. Yazīd ibn Muammad ibn Zakariyyah al-Azdī is well known to modern historians of Middle Eastern studies through his major work entitled Tārīkh al-Mawil (History of Mosul).1 We know next to nothing about his life, except that he was a member of the Azd tribe, Yemenite of origin, lived in Mosul 1 The manuscript was edited by A. abībah: Yazīd Ibn Muammad ibn Zakariyyah al-Azdī: Tārīkh al-Mawil (Cairo, 1967). 365 366 Amir Harrak where he must have written his History, and died around AD 945 (AH 334). His History of Mosul is mostly local, focusing on the political, social and economic conditions of Mosul and the Jazirah (Upper Syria) during the early centuries of Arab rule. Al-Azdī discusses the history of the 8th and 9th centuries in an annalistic manner, using the lunar calendar of Islam as a reckoning system. -
The Christians Perceptions of Reconciliation and Conflict
The Christians Perceptions of Reconciliation and Conflict Khogir Wirya Linda Fawaz About MERI The Middle East Research Institute engages in policy issues contributing to the process of state building and democratisation in the Middle East. Through independent analysis and policy debates, our research aims to promote and develop good governance, human rights, rule of law and social and economic prosperity in the region. It was established in 2014 as an independent, not-for-profit organisation based in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Middle East Research Institute 1186 Dream City Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq T: +964 (0)662649690 E: [email protected] www.meri-k.org NGO registration number. K843 © Middle East Research Institute, 2017 The opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility of the author. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of MERI, the copyright holder. Please direct all enquiries to the publisher. The Christians Perceptions of Reconciliation and Conflict MERI Policy Paper Khogir Wirya Linda Fawaz September 2017 1 Contents 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................4 2. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................5 -
Iraq IDP CRISIS Situation Report No
Iraq IDP CRISIS Situation Report No. 6 (2 – 8 August 2014) This report is produced by OCHA Iraq in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It covers the period from 2 to 8 August. Due to the rapidly changing situation it is possible that the numbers and locations listed in this report may no longer be accurate. The next report will be issued on or around 14 August. Highlights • Following heavy fighting in Sinjar (Ninewa), nearly 200,000 people have been forced from their homes and are in urgent need of life-saving assistance. • Thousands of families are still reported to be trapped on Sinjar Mountain without access to food or water, until limited airdrops on 8 August. • Significant secondary displacement is taking place throughout northern Iraq, including Kurdistan, due to further insecurity. • In addition to the current IDP crisis, the government of Kurdistan is also hosting 230,000 Syrian refugees. 1.5million 1.2million 1million Affected people Internally displaced Targeted for (estimated) assistance + For more information, see “background on the crisis” at the end of the report www.unocha.org The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors. Coordination Saves Lives Iraq IDP Crisis Situation Report No. 5 |2 Situation Overview The humanitarian context in northern Iraq has significantly deteriorated over the past week as armed clashes continue to drive displacement. As a result of fighting between ISIS and Peshmerga forces in Sinjar on 3 August, tens of thousands of people, almost all of them from the Yazidi minority, have been forced from their homes and are in urgent need of life-saving assistance. -
THIS ISSUE: IRAQ – People and Heritage the Rise and Fall Of
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