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Honolulu 1

This article is about the largest city and state capital city of , within the of Honolulu. For the county of Honolulu itself, see Honolulu County. For other uses, see Honolulu (disambiguation).

Honolulu Hawaiian: Honolulu State Capital

City and County of Honolulu

Clockwise: Aerial view of , Pearl Harbor right outside the city, statue of King in downtown, Diamond Head, waterfront on Beach, and (City Hall) [1] Nickname(s): Crossroads of the Pacific, Sheltered Bay, Town, HNL, The Big Pineapple, Paradise

Motto: Haʻaheo No ʻO Honolulu (The Pride of Honolulu)

Location in Honolulu County and the state of Hawaii

Location in Honolulu County and the state of Hawaii

[2] [2] Coordinates: 21°18′N 157°49′W Coordinates: 21°18′N 157°49′W Country

State Hawaii

County Honolulu

Incorporated April 30, 1907

Government Honolulu 2

• Mayor (D)

• Council

Area

• City 68.4 sq mi (177.2 km2)

• Land 60.5 sq mi (156.7 km2)

• Water 7.9 sq mi (20.5 km2)

Elevation 19 ft (6 m)

Population (2010)

• City 390,738 (46th)

• Density 5,574/sq mi (2,152.2/km2)

• Metro 953,207

Demonym Honolulan

Time zone Hawaiian (HST) (UTC−10)

Zip Code 96801-96850

Area code(s) 808

FIPS code 15-17000

GNIS feature ID 366212

Honolulu (/ˌhoʊnoʊˈluːluː/;[3][4] Hawaiian: Honolulu) is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Hawaii.[5] It is the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu. Hawaii is a major tourist destination and Honolulu, situated on the island of , is the main gateway to Hawaii and a major gateway into the United States. The city is also a major hub for international business, military defense, as well as famously being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific culture, cuisine, and traditions. Honolulu is both the westernmost and the southernmost major American city. For statistical purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as "City of Honolulu" (not to be confused with the "City and County") as a census county division (CCD). Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean. The population of Honolulu CCD was 390,738 at the 2010 census, while the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207. In the Hawaiian, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter"Wikipedia:Citation needed; alternatively, it means "calm port". The old name is said to be Kou, a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the attack on Pearl Harbor by near the city on December 7, 1941. Honolulu 3

History See also: Timeline of Honolulu Evidence of the first settlement of Honolulu by the original Polynesian migrants to the archipelago comes from oral histories and artifacts. These indicate that there was a settlement where Honolulu now stands in the 11th century. However, after Kamehameha I conquered Oʻahu in the Battle of Nuʻuanu at Nuʻuanu Pali, he moved his royal court from the Island of Hawaiʻi to Waikīkī in 1804. His court relocated in 1809 to Port of Honolulu, as seen by Russian artist Louis what is now downtown Honolulu. The capital was moved back to Choris in 1816. Kailua-Kona in 1812.

In 1794, Captain William Brown of Great Britain was the first foreigner to sail into what is now . More foreign ships followed, making the port of Honolulu a focal point for merchant ships traveling between North America and Asia. In 1845, Kamehameha III moved the permanent capital of the from Lahaina on to Honolulu. He and the kings that followed him transformed Honolulu into a modern capital, Queen Street, Honolulu, 1856, by George Henry erecting buildings such as St. Andrew's Cathedral, ʻIolani Palace, and Burgess. Aliʻiōlani Hale. At the same time, Honolulu became the center of commerce in the islands, with descendants of American missionaries establishing major businesses in downtown Honolulu.

Despite the turbulent history of the late 19th century and early 20th century, such as the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, Hawaiʻi's subsequent annexation by the United States in 1898, followed by a large fire in 1900, and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Honolulu remained the capital, largest city, and main airport and seaport of the Hawaiian Islands.

An economic and tourism boom following statehood brought rapid

The Great Chinatown Fire. economic growth to Honolulu and Hawaiʻi. Modern air travel brings, as of 2007, 7.6 million visitors annually to the islands, with 62.3% entering at Honolulu International Airport. Today, Honolulu is a modern city with numerous high-rise buildings, and Waikīkī is the center of the tourism industry in Hawaiʻi, with thousands of hotel rooms. The UK consulting firm Mercer, in a 2009 assessment "conducted to help governments and major companies place employees on international assignments", ranked Honolulu 29th worldwide in quality of living; the survey factored in political stability, personal freedom, sanitation, crime, housing, the natural environment, recreation, banking facilities, availability of consumer goods, education, and public services including transportation. Honolulu 4

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 68.4 square miles (177.2 km2). 60.5 square miles (156.7 km2) of it is land, and 7.9 square miles (20.5 km2) of it (11.56%) is water. The closest location on the mainland to Honolulu is the Point Arena Lighthouse in California, at 2,045 nautical miles (3,787 km).[6] (Nautical vessels require some additional distance to circumnavigate Makapuʻu Point.) However, part of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska are slightly closer to Honolulu than the mainland. Astronaut photograph of western Honolulu, HNL Airport, and Pearl Harbor taken from the International Space Station

Neighborhoods, boroughs, and districts

• Downtown Honolulu is the financial, commercial, and governmental center of Hawaii. On the waterfront is , which for many years was the tallest building in Hawaii. Currently the tallest building is the 438-foot (134 m) tall , located on King and Bishop Streets. The downtown campus of Hawaii Pacific University is also located there. • The Arts District Honolulu in downtown/Chinatown is on the eastern edge of Chinatown. It is a 12-block area bounded by Bethel & Smith Streets and Nimitz Highway and Beretania Street – home Honolulu as seen from the International Space to numerous arts and cultural institutions. It is located within the Station Chinatown Historic District, which includes the former Hotel Street Vice District. • The Capitol District is the eastern part of Downtown Honolulu. It is the current and historic center of Hawaii's state government, incorporating the , ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu Hale (City Hall), State Library, and the statue of King Kamehameha I, along with numerous government buildings. • Kakaʻako is a light-industrial district between Downtown and Waikīkī that has seen a large-scale redevelopment effort in the past decade. It is home to two major shopping areas, Ward Warehouse

and Ward Centre. The John A. Burns School of Medicine, part of Downtown at Bishop and King streets, with First the University of Hawaiʻi at is also located there. A Hawaiian Center (left) and Bankoh Center (right) Memorial to the Ehime Maru Incident victims is built at . • Ala Moana is a district between Kakaʻako and Waikīkī and the home of , the "World's largest open air shopping center" and the largest shopping mall in Hawaii. Ala Moana Center boasts over 300 tenants and is a very popular location among tourists. Also in Ala Moana is the Honolulu Design Center and , the second largest park in Honolulu. • Waikīkī is the tourist district of Honolulu, located between the Ala Wai Canal and the Pacific Ocean next to Diamond Head. Numerous hotels, shops, and nightlife opportunities are located along Kalakaua and Kuhio Avenues. It is a popular location for visitors and locals alike and attracts millions of visitors every year. A Honolulu 5

majority of the hotel rooms on Oahu are located in Waikīkī. • Manoa and Makiki are residential neighborhoods located in adjacent valleys just inland of downtown and Waikīkī. Manoa Valley is home to the main campus of the University of Hawaiʻi. President lived in Makiki with his maternal grandparents until graduating from , apart from four years in Indonesia with his mother and stepfather. • Nuʻuanu and Pauoa are upper-middle-class residential districts located inland of downtown Honolulu. The National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific is located in fronting Pauoa Valley. • Palolo and Kaimuki are neighborhoods east of Manoa and Makiki, inland from Diamond Head. Palolo Valley parallels Manoa and is a residential neighborhood. Kaimuki is primarily a residential neighborhood with a commercial strip centered on Waialae Avenue running behind Diamond Head. Chaminade University is located in Kaimuki. • Waialae and Kahala are upper-class districts of Honolulu located directly east of Diamond Head, where there are many high-priced homes. Also found in these neighborhoods are the Waialae Country Club and the five-star Kahala Hotel & Resort. • East Honolulu includes the residential communities of ʻĀina Haina, Niu Valley, and Hawaiʻi Kai. These are considered upper-middle-class neighborhoods. The upscale gated communities of Waiʻalae ʻiki and Hawaiʻi Loa Ridge are also located here. • and Palama are working-class neighborhoods with a number of government housing developments. Lower Kalihi, toward the ocean, is a light-industrial district. • Salt Lake and Aliamanu are (mostly) residential areas built in extinct tuff cones along the western end of the Honolulu District, not far from the Honolulu International Airport. • Moanalua is two neighborhoods and a valley at the western end of Honolulu, and home to Tripler Army Medical Center.

Climate Honolulu experiences a tropical semi-arid climate (Köppen classification Bsh), with a mostly dry summer season, due to a rain shadow effect. Temperatures vary little throughout the months, with average high temperatures of 80–90 °F (27–32 °C) and average lows of 65–75 °F (18–24 °C) throughout the year. Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 38 days annually,[7] with lows in the upper 50s °F (14–15 °C) occurring once or twice a year. The highest recorded temperature was 95 °F (35 °C) during a heat wave in September 1998. The highest recorded temperature in the state was also recorded later that day in Ni'ihau. The lowest recorded temperature was 52 °F (11 °C) on February 16, 1902, and January 20, 1969. Annual average rainfall is 17.05 in (433 mm), which mainly occurs during the winter months of October through early April, with very little rainfall during the summer. Honolulu has an average of 278 sunny days and 90 wet days per year. Although Honolulu is known to have a wet and dry season, it is unnoticeable. This is mainly because light showers fall in the summer while heavier rain falls during the winter. Yet, both seasons experience the same amount of rainy days. Although the city is situated in the upper tropics, hurricanes are quite rare. The last recorded hurricane that hit the area was Category 4 Hurricane Iniki in 1992. Tornadoes are also uncommon and usually strike once every 15 years. Waterspouts off the coast are also uncommon, hitting about once every five years. Honolulu falls under the USDA 12a Plant Hardiness zone.[8] Honolulu 6

[9] Climate data for Honolulu (Honolulu International Airport), 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1877−present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 88 88 89 91 93 92 94 93 95 94 93 89 95 (31) (31) (32) (33) (34) (33) (34) (34) (35) (34) (34) (32) (35)

Average high °F (°C) 80.1 80.2 81.2 82.7 84.6 87.0 87.9 88.7 88.6 86.7 83.9 81.2 84.4 (26.7) (26.8) (27.3) (28.2) (29.2) (30.6) (31.1) (31.5) (31.4) (30.4) (28.8) (27.3) (29.1)

Daily mean °F (°C) 73.2 73.1 74.5 76.1 77.8 80.2 81.2 81.9 81.5 80.0 77.6 74.8 77.66 (22.9) (22.8) (23.6) (24.5) (25.4) (26.8) (27.3) (27.7) (27.5) (26.7) (25.3) (23.8) (25.36)

Average low °F (°C) 66.3 66.1 67.7 69.4 70.9 73.4 74.5 75.1 74.4 73.4 71.4 68.3 70.9 (19.1) (18.9) (19.8) (20.8) (21.6) (23) (23.6) (23.9) (23.6) (23) (21.9) (20.2) (21.6)

Record low °F (°C) 52 52 53 56 60 63 63 63 65 61 57 54 52 (11) (11) (12) (13) (16) (17) (17) (17) (18) (16) (14) (12) (11)

Rainfall inches (mm) 2.31 1.99 2.02 0.63 0.62 0.26 0.51 0.56 0.70 1.84 2.42 3.24 17.10 (58.7) (50.5) (51.3) (16) (15.7) (6.6) (13) (14.2) (17.8) (46.7) (61.5) (82.3) (434.3)

Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 inch) 8.5 7.4 8.8 7.5 5.8 5.7 7.1 5.6 6.9 7.6 8.8 9.7 89.4 % humidity 73.3 70.8 68.8 67.3 66.1 64.4 64.6 64.1 65.5 67.5 70.4 72.4 67.9 Mean monthly sunshine 213.5 212.7 259.2 251.8 280.6 286.1 306.2 303.1 278.8 244.0 200.4 199.5 3,035.9 hours Percent possible sunshine 63 66 69 66 69 71 74 76 76 68 60 59 68

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)

Average Sea Temperature[10]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

76.5 °F 75.9 °F 75.7 °F 76.9 °F 77.9 °F 78.7 °F 78.9 °F 79.5 °F 80.4 °F 79.8 °F 78.5 °F 77 °F (24.7 °C) (24.4 °C) (24.3 °C) (24.9 °C) (25.5 °C) (25.9 °C) (26.1 °C) (26.4 °C) (26.9 °C) (26.6 °C) (25.8 °C) (25 °C)

Panorama of Honolulu's waterfront in February 2007.

Demographics Honolulu 7

Historical population Census Pop. %±

1890 22,907 —

1900 39,306 71.6%

1910 52,183 32.8%

1920 83,327 59.7%

1930 137,582 65.1%

1940 179,326 30.3%

1950 248,034 38.3%

1960 294,194 18.6%

1970 324,871 10.4%

1980 365,048 12.4%

1990 365,272 0.1%

2000 371,657 1.7%

2010 390,738 5.1%

Population 1890–2010.

The population of Honolulu was 390,738 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Of those, 192,781 (49.3%) were male and 197,957 (50.7%) were female. The median age for males was 40.0 and 43.0 for females; the overall median age was 41.3. Approximately 84.7% of the total population was 16 years and over; 82.6% were 18 years and over, 78.8% were 21 years and over, 21.4% were 62 years and over, and 17.8% were 65 years and over.

In terms of race and ethnicity, 54.8% were Asian, 17.9% were White, The Hawaii State Capitol 1.5% were Black or African American, 0.2% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 8.4% were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.8% were from "some other race", and 16.3% were from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 5.4% of the population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Honolulu's population as 33.9% white and 53.7% Asian and Pacific Islander.

Asian Americans represent the majority of Honolulu's population. The Asian ethnic groups are Japanese (19.9%), Filipinos (13.2%), Chinese (10.4%), Koreans (4.3%), Vietnamese (2.0%), Asian Indians (0.3%),

DFS Galleria in Waikīkī Laotians (0.3%), Thais (0.2%), Cambodians (0.1%), and Indonesians (0.1%). People solely of Native Hawaiian ancestry made up just 3.2% of the population. Samoan Americans made up 1.5% of the population, Marshallese people make up 0.5% of the city's population, and Tongan people comprise 0.3% of its population. People of Guamanian or Chamorro descent made up 0.2% of the population and numbered 841 residents. Honolulu 8

Economy

The largest city and airport in the Hawaiian Islands, Honolulu acts as a natural gateway to the islands' large tourism industry, which brings millions of visitors and contributes $10 billion annually to the local economy. Honolulu's location in the Pacific also makes it a large business and trading hub, particularly between the East and the West. Other important aspects of the city's economy include military defense, research and development, Honolulu viewed from Diamond Head crater. and manufacturing.

Among the companies based in Honolulu are: • Alexander & Baldwin • Bank of Hawaii • Central Pacific Bank • First Hawaiian Bank • Hawaii Medical Service Association • Hawaii Pacific Health • Hawaiian Electric Industries • Matson Navigation Company • The Queen's Health Systems Go! Mokulele,[11] Hawaiian Airlines, Island Air, and Aloha Air Cargo are headquartered in the city.[12][13] Prior to its dissolution, Aloha Airlines was headquartered in the city.[14] At one time Mid-Pacific Airlines had its headquarters on the property of Honolulu International Airport.[15] In 2009, Honolulu had a 4.5% increase in the average price of rent, maintaining it in the second most expensive rental market ranking among 210 U.S. metropolitan areas. Since no national bank chains have any branches in Hawaii, many visitors and new residents use different banks. First Hawaiian Bank is the largest and oldest bank in Hawaii and their headquarters are at the First Hawaiian Center, the tallest building in the State of Hawaii. Honolulu 9

Cultural institutions

Natural museums

The is the largest of Honolulu's museums. It is endowed with the state's largest collection of natural history specimens and the world's largest collection of Hawaiiana and Pacific culture artifacts. The is the main zoological institution in Hawaii while the Waikiki Aquarium is a working marine biology laboratory. The Waikiki Aquarium is partnered with the University of Hawaii and other universities worldwide. Established for appreciation and botany, Honolulu is home to several gardens: Foster Botanical Garden, Liliʻuokalani Botanical Garden, Walker Estate, among others.

Performing arts With symbolic native-styled Established in 1900, the Honolulu Symphony is the oldest US symphony architectural features, First Hawaiian orchestra west of the Rocky Mountains. Other classical music ensembles include Center is the tallest building in Hawaii and home to a Contemporary the Hawaii Opera Theatre. Honolulu is also a center for Hawaiian music. The Museum gallery main music venues include the Hawaii Theatre, the Center Concert Hall and Arena, and the Waikiki Shell. Honolulu also includes several venues for live theater, including the Diamond Head Theatre.

Visual arts Various institutions for the visual arts are located in Honolulu. The is endowed with the largest collection of Asian and Western art in Hawaii. It also has the largest collection of Islamic art, housed at the Shangri La estate. The museum hosts a film and video program dedicated to arthouse and world cinema in the museum's Doris Duke Theatre, named for the museum's historic patroness Doris Duke.Wikipedia:Citation needed The Contemporary Museum is the only contemporary art museum in the state. It has two locations: main campus in Makiki and a multi-level gallery in downtown Honolulu at the First Hawaiian Center. The (also downtown) boasts pieces by local artists as well as traditional . The museum is administered by the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts. Honolulu also annually holds the Hawaii International Film Festival (HIFF). It showcases some of the best films from producers all across the Pacific Rim and is the largest "East meets West" style film festival of its sort in the United States. Honolulu 10

Tourist attractions

• Ala Moana Center • Aloha Tower • Bishop Museum • Diamond Head • Hanauma Bay • Honolulu Museum of Art • Honolulu Zoo • ʻIolani Palace • Diamond Head viewed from Round Top Drive • National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific • USS Arizona Memorial • Waikiki Aquarium • Waikiki Beach • Waikiki Trolley

Sports Honolulu's climate lends itself to year-round activities. In 2004, Men's Fitness magazine named Honolulu the fittest city in the United States. Honolulu has three large road races: • The Great Aloha Run is held annually on Presidents' Day. • The , held annually on the second Sunday in December, draws more than 20,000 participants each year, about half to two thirds of them from Japan. • The Honolulu Triathlon is an Olympic distance triathlon event governed by USA Triathlon. Held annually in May since 2004, there is an absence of a sprint course. Ironman Hawaii was first held in Honolulu, it was the first ever Ironman and is also the World Champs. Fans of spectator sports in Honolulu generally support the football, volleyball, basketball, rugby union, rugby league and programs of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. High school sporting events, especially football, are especially popular. Honolulu has no professional sports teams. It was the home of the (, 1961–1987), The Hawaiians (World Football League, 1974–1975), Team Hawaii (North American Soccer League, 1977), and the Hawaiian Islanders (af2, 2002–2004). The NCAA football Hawaii Bowl is played in Honolulu. Honolulu has also hosted the NFL's annual each February since 1980, though the was played in Miami. In 2011, the returned once again to Honolulu. From 1993 to 2008, Honolulu hosted , featuring minor league players from , Nippon Professional Baseball, Korea Baseball Organization, and independent leagues. Honolulu 11

Venues Venues for spectator sports in Honolulu include: • at UH-Manoa (baseball) • Neal Blaisdell Center Arena (basketball) • Center at UH-Manoa (basketball and volleyball) , a venue for American football and soccer, is located in Halawa near Pearl Harbor, just outside Honolulu.[16]

Government

Kirk Caldwell was elected County on November 6, 2012, and has begun serving as the county's 14th mayor on January 2, 2013. The municipal offices of the City and County of Honolulu, including Honolulu Hale, the seat of the city and county, are located in the Capitol District, as are the Hawaii state government buildings. The Capitol District is within the Honolulu census county division (CCD), the urban area commonly regarded as the "City" of Honolulu. The Honolulu CCD is located on the southeast coast of Oahu between Completed in 1928, Honolulu Hale is the city and Makapuu and Halawa. The division boundary follows the Koolau county seat crestline, so Makapuʻu Beach is in the Koolaupoko District. On the west, the division boundary follows Halawa Stream, then crosses Red Hill and runs just west of Aliamanu Crater, so that Aloha Stadium, Pearl Harbor (with the USS Arizona Memorial), and Hickam Air Force Base are actually all located in the island's Ewa CCD.

The Hawaii Department of Public Safety operates the Oahu Community Correctional Center, the jail for the island of Oahu, in Honolulu CCD. The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Honolulu. The main Honolulu Post Office is located by the international airport at 3600 Aolele Street.[17] Federal Detention Center, Honolulu, operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, is in the CDP.[18]

Diplomatic missions on the island Several countries have diplomatic facilities in Honolulu, due to its strategically important position in the mid-Pacific. They include consulates of Japan,[19] South Korea,[20] Philippines,[21] Federated States of ,[22] Australia,[23] and the Marshall Islands.[24]

Education

Colleges and universities See also: List of colleges and universities in Hawaii Colleges and universities in Honolulu include Honolulu Community College, Kapiolani Community College, the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Chaminade University, and Hawaii Pacific University. UH Manoa houses the main offices of the University of Hawaii System.[25] Honolulu 12

Public primary and secondary schools Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools in Honolulu. Public high schools within the CDP area include Wallace Rider Farrington, Kaiser, Kaimuki, Kalani, Moanalua, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt.

Private primary and secondary schools Private schools include , , , Iolani School, , , Mid-Pacific Institute, , Punahou School, , St. Andrew's Priory School, Saint Francis School, , the Education Laboratory School, Saint Patrick School, Trinity Christian School, and Varsity International School.

Public libraries Hawaii State Public Library System operates public libraries. The in the CDP serves as the main library of the system, while the Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, also in the CDP area, serves handicapped and blind people. Branches in the CDP area include Aiea, Aina Haina, Ewa Beach, Hawaii Kai, Kahuku, Kailua, Kaimuki, Kalihi-Palama, Kaneohe, Kapolei, Liliha, Manoa, McCully-Moiliili, Mililani, Moanalua, Wahiawa, Waialua, Waianae, Waikiki-Kapahulu, Waimanalo, and Waipahu.

Media Main article: Media in Honolulu, Hawaii Honolulu is served by one daily newspaper (the Honolulu Star-Advertiser), Honolulu Magazine, several radio stations and television stations, among other media. Local news agency and CNN-affiliate Hawaii News Now broadcasts and is headquartered out of Honolulu. Honolulu and the island of Oahu has also been the location for many film and television projects, including Hawaii Five-0 and Lost.

Transportation

Air

Located at the western end of the CDP, Honolulu International Airport (HNL) is the principal aviation gateway to the state of Hawaii. Kalaeloa Airport is primarily a commuter facility used by unscheduled air taxis, general aviation and transient and locally based military aircraft.

Highways

Honolulu has been ranked as having the nation’s worst traffic

congestion, beating former record holder . Drivers waste Honolulu International Airport old control tower on average over 58 hours per year on congested roadways. The following freeways, part of the Interstate Highway System serve Honolulu: Honolulu 13

• Interstate H-1, which, coming into the city from the west, passes Hickam Air Force Base and Honolulu International Airport, runs just north of Downtown and continues eastward through Makiki and Kaimuki, ending at Waialae/Kahala. H-1 connects to Interstate H-2 from Wahiawa and Interstate H-3 from Kaneohe, west of the CDP. • Interstate H-201—also known as the Moanalua Freeway and sometimes numbered as its former number, Hawaii State Rte. 78—connects two points along H-1: at Aloha Stadium and Fort 8R "Reef Runway" of Honolulu International Shafter. Close to H-1 and Aloha Stadium, H-201 has an exchange Airport with the western terminus of Interstate H-3 to the windward side of Oahu (Kaneohe). This complex of connecting ramps, some directly between H-1 and H-3, is in Halawa. • H2 - connects H1 with the Mililani area in the center of the island. • H3 - connects H1 with the Kaneohe (windward) side of the island. Other major highways that link Honolulu proper with other parts of the Island of Oahu are: • Pali Highway, State Rte. 61, crosses north over the Koolau range via the Pali Tunnels to connect to Kailua and Kaneohe on the windward side of the Island. Aerial view of H-1 (looking east) from Honolulu • Likelike Highway, State Rte. 63, also crosses the Koolau to Airport heading into downtown Honolulu Kaneohe via the Wilson Tunnels. • Kalanianaole Highway, State Rte. 72, runs eastward from Waialae/Kahala to Hawaii Kai and around the east end of the island to Waimanalo Beach. • Kamehameha Highway, State Rts. 80, 83, 99 and 830, runs westward from near Hickam Air Force Base to Aiea and beyond, eventually running through the center of the island and ending in Kaneohe. Like most major American cities, the Honolulu metropolitan area experiences heavy traffic congestion during rush hours, especially to and from the western suburbs of Kapolei, 'Ewa Beach, Aiea, Pearl City, Waipahu, and Mililani. There is a Hawaii Electric Vehicle Demonstration Project (HEVDP).

Public transport

Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation In November 2010, voters approved a charter amendment to create a public transit authority to oversee the planning, construction, operation and future extensions to Honolulu's future rail system (see below). Operations began on July 1, 2011. The Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation (HART) currently includes a 10-member board of directors; three members appointed by the mayor, three members selected by the , and the city and state transportation directors. Honolulu 14

Bus Main article: TheBus (Honolulu) Established by former Mayor Frank F. Fasi as the replacement for the Honolulu Rapid Transit Company (HRT), Honolulu's TheBus system has been twice honored by the American Public Transportation Association bestowing the title of "America's Best Transit System" for 1994–1995 and 2000–2001. TheBus operates 107 routes serving Honolulu and most major cities and towns on Oahu. TheBus comprises a fleet of 531 buses, and is run by the non-profit corporation Oahu Transit Services in conjunction with the city Department of Transportation Services. Honolulu is ranked 4th for highest per-capita use of mass transit in the United States.[26]

Rail Main article: Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project Currently, there is no urban rail transit system in Honolulu, although electric street railways were operated in Honolulu by the now-defunct Honolulu Rapid Transit Company prior to World War II. Predecessors to the Honolulu Rapid Transit Company were the Honolulu Rapid Transit and Land Company (began 1903) and Hawaiian Tramways (began 1888). The City and County of Honolulu is currently constructing a 20-mile (32 km) rail transit line that will connect Honolulu with cities and suburban areas near Pearl Harbor and in the Leeward and West Oahu regions. The Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project is aimed at alleviating traffic congestion for West Oahu commuters while being integral in the westward expansion of the metropolitan area. The project, however, has been criticized by opponents of rail for its cost, delays, and potential environmental impacts, but the line is expected to have large ridership.

Notable people The following are notable people who were born in Honolulu, and/or current and former residents of Honolulu: • Barack Obama, 44th and current President of the United States (2009–present) • , 7th and current • Daniel Akaka, United States Senator, first Native Hawaiian senator in the United States • David Amerson, football player, North Carolina State and Washington Redskins • Judi Andersen, USA 1978, Miss USA 1978 • , 3rd Governor of Hawaii, the first Asian American governor in the United States • Sarah Wayne Callies, actress • Tia Carrere, singer, actress • Byron Chamberlain, former football player in the • Mark Dacascos, actor, martial artist • Ron Darling, baseball pitcher, broadcaster • Lauren Graham, actress and producer • Kyla Ross, Olympic gold medalist gymnast and member of the Fierce FiveWikipedia:Citation needed • , Miss Hawaii Teen USA 1985, Miss Teen USA 1985 • Melody Miyuki Ishikawa, singerWikipedia:Citation needed • Nicole Kidman, actress • Daniel Dae Kim, actor • Darren Kimura, businessman, founder of Sopogy • Lois Lowry, author • Bruno Mars, singer and songwriter • Janel Parrish, actress (plays Mona in Pretty Little Liars), musician, and modelWikipedia:Citation needed • Bette Midler, singer and actress Honolulu 15

• Timothy Olyphant, actor • Pierre Omidyar, eBay, creator and founder • B.J. Penn, UFC lightweight and welterweight champion • Hironobu Sakaguchi, video game director, writer and producer • Nicole Scherzinger, singer, dancer, model • Jake Shimabukuro, ukulele virtuoso • Thomas Tamas, sport shooter • Manti Teʻo, football player for Notre Dame and San Diego ChargersWikipedia:Citation needed • Macel Wilson, Miss Hawaii USA 1962, Miss USA 1962 • Tanya Wilson, Miss Hawaii USA 1972, Miss USA 1972 • Milt Wilcox, MLB pitcher for

Deceased • Queen Liliuokalani, last reigning Queen of the Hawaiian Islands • Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Hawaiian princess, philanthropist, aliʻi, and Kamehameha descendant • businessman, philanthropist, founder of the Bishop Museum • John A. Burns, 2nd Governor of Hawaii • Alexander Cartwright, "Father of Baseball" • Joseph Campbell, writer, lecturer • James Dole, developer of the Pineapple industry in Hawaii, namesake of the Dole Food Company • Sanford B. Dole, lawyer, jurist, the President of the , and the 1st Territorial Governor of Hawaii • Amelia Earhart, American aviation pioneer and author • Hiram Fong, United States Senator, namesake of the Senator Fong's Plantation & Gardens in Kaneohe • Willi Hennig, biologistWikipedia:Citation needed • Daniel Inouye, Medal of Honor recipient, United States Senator, President pro tempore • Princess Kaʻiulani, crown princess, heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi • King Kalakaua, last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi • Duke Kahanamoku, Olympic gold medalist, surfer, actor • Israel Kamakawiwoʻole, Hawaiian musician • King Lunalilo, King to the Kingdom of Hawaii • Ferdinand Marcos, former President of the Philippines • Megan McClung, first female United States Marine Corps officer killed in combat during the War • Ed Parker, martial artist, author • Syngman Rhee, 1st President of South Korea • Robert Louis Stevenson, novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer • Sun Yat-sen, "Father of the Nation" of the Republic of China, and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China • Donald Sur, composer and musicologist • Lorrin A. Thurston lawyer, politician in Honolulu early 1900s Honolulu 16

Twin towns – Sister cities See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Hawaii Honolulu is twinned with: • Naples, Italy • Sintra, Portugal • City of San Fernando, Philippines • Hiroshima, Japan • Seoul, South Korea

Notes [1] "Town" is a commonly used local nickname for Honolulu, in reference to the fact that the Honolulu, or "Town" side of the island is the most urbanized and dense part of Oahu.

[2] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Honolulu& params=21_18_N_157_49_W_type:city_region:US-HI

[3] The Free Dictionary: Honolulu (http:/ / www. thefreedictionary. com/ Honolulu)

[4] Dictionary Reference: Honolulu (http:/ / dictionary. reference. com/ browse/ Honolulu) , () [5] For statistical purposes, the US Census Bureau considers Honolulu to be a Census-designated place (CDP), rather than a city. [6] Microsoft Streets and Trips 2007 Software, Copyright 2006 by Microsoft Corp. et al.

[7] This is comparable to Washington, D.C. despite being slightly warmer during the summer, see (http:/ / www. nws. noaa. gov/ climate/

xmacis. php?wfo=hnl). [8] |source 1 = [9] Official records for Honolulu have been kept at downtown from February 1877 to September 1949, and at Honolulu Int'l since October 1949.

For more information, see ThreadEx (http:/ / threadex. rcc-acis. org)

[10] http:/ / www. seatemperature. org/ north-america/ united-states/ honolulu-january. htm

[11] " Contact Us (http:/ / www. mesa-air. com/ contactus. asp)." Mesa Air Group. Retrieved on February 23, 2010.

[12] " Locations (http:/ / www. alohaaircargo. com/ contact-info. html)." Aloha Air Cargo. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.

[13] " Honolulu CDP, HI (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov/ servlet/ MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US1517000& _bucket_id=50&

tree_id=420& context=saff& _lang=en& _sse=on)." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.

[14] " Aloha Airlines, Inc. (http:/ / investing. businessweek. com/ research/ stocks/ private/ snapshot. asp?privcapId=7703868)" BusinessWeek. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.

[15] "World Airline Directory." Flight International. May 16, 1981. 1452 (http:/ / www. flightglobal. com/ pdfarchive/ view/ 1981/ 1981 - 1450. html?search="Muse Air"). "Head Office: Honolulu International Airport, Hawaii, USA."

[16] " Halawa CDP, Hawaii (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov/ servlet/ MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US1510000& _bucket_id=50&

tree_id=420& context=saff& _lang=en& _sse=on)." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.

[17] " Post Office Location – Honolulu (http:/ / usps. whitepages. com/ service/ post_office/ 27348?p=5& s=HI& service_name=post_office& z=honolulu)." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 21, 2009.

[18] " FDC Honolulu Contact Information (http:/ / www. bop. gov/ DataSource/ execute/ dsFacilityAddressLoc?start=y& facilityCode=hon)." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on December 30, 2009.

[19] " Visa & Travel (http:/ / www. honolulu. us. emb-japan. go. jp/ en/ visa_visa_en. htm)." Consulate-General of Japan in Honolulu. Accessed August 17, 2008.

[20] " Location (http:/ / usa-honolulu. mofat. go. kr/ eng/ am/ usa-honolulu/ mission/ locations/ index. jsp)." Consulate-General of South Korea in Honolulu. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.

[21] " Other Philippine Missions in the U.S. (http:/ / www. chicagopcg. com/ about_rpmissions. html#honolulu)." Consulate-General of the Philippines in Chicago. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.

[22] " Department of Foreign Affairs, Overseas Embassies, Consulates, and Missions (http:/ / www. fsmgov. org/ ovmis. html)." Department of Foreign Affairs (Federated States of Micronesia). Retrieved on January 10, 2009.

[23] " Australian Consulate-General in Honolulu, United States of America (http:/ / www. dfat. gov. au/ missions/ countries/ usha. html)." Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.

[24] " Foreign Mission (http:/ / rmigovernment. org/ about_your_government. jsp?docid=9)." Republic of the Marshall Islands. Retrieved on January 28, 2009.

[25] Magin, Janis L. "Land deals could breathe new life into Moiliili." Pacific Business News. Sunday July 1, 2007. 1 (http:/ / www. bizjournals.

com/ pacific/ stories/ 2007/ 07/ 02/ story4. html). Retrieved on October 5, 2011. "Dobelle at that time had even suggested moving the University of Hawaii system offices from the Manoa campus to office space in Moiliili, something the current administration is not actively considering." Honolulu 17

[26] National Transit Database (http:/ / www. ntdprogram. gov/ ntdprogram/ pubs/ other_data_products/ Top_Transit_Cities. xls), Top Transit Cities (2006)

References

External links

• City & County of Honolulu (http:/ / www. honolulu. gov/ ) official site

• Hawaii Visitors and Convention Bureau (http:/ / www. gohawaii. com/ ) Article Sources and Contributors 18 Article Sources and Contributors

Honolulu Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=612047573 Contributors: *drew, 08OceanBeach SD, 23skidoo, A.h. king, A930913, ABF, ABIJXY, AMLNet49, ASalkever, Aaron Schulz, Abdy , Abeg92, Abendigoreebs, Abu adam, Academic Challenger, Acalamari, Acntx, Acroterion, Adambiswanger1, Addihockey10, Addshore, Aditya Mahar, Adrianrt, Ahara, Ahoerstemeier, Aitias, Akel13, Alai, Alansohn, Aldaron, AlexiusHoratius, AliCeleste, Alpha Quadrant, Altboy, Anaistwain, Anb racsh, Anclation, Andrew J Yach, Andron35, Andy M. 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File:HonoluluM.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:HonoluluM.png License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Please click on the links above to see the authorship and license File:Honolulu_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Honolulu_Highlighted.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Honolulu_Highlighted.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Arkyan File:USA Hawaii location map.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:USA_Hawaii_location_map.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Germany Contributors: NordNordWest File: of the United States.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie File:Flag of Hawaii.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Hawaii.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anime Addict AA, Awg1010, Cycn, Dbenbenn, Denelson83, Dzordzm, Editor at Large, F. F. Fjodor, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Hydrargyrum, Idh0854, Jianhui67, KAVEBEAR, Kalathalan, Ludger1961, Manuelt15, Mattes, Nagy, Nightstallion, Ricordisamoa, Serinde, SiBr4, Sinnamon, Svgalbertian, Telim tor, Vonvon, Yaddah, Zscout370, 21 anonymous edits File:Flag of Honolulu, Hawaii.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Honolulu,_Hawaii.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Dyfsunctional File:Port d'Hanarourou by Louis Choris.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Port_d'Hanarourou_by_Louis_Choris.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: , artist, Victor-Jean Adam, lithographer File:George Henry Burgess - 'Queen Street, Honolulu', watercolor over graphite painting, 1856, Honolulu Academy of Arts.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:George_Henry_Burgess_-_'Queen_Street,_Honolulu',_watercolor_over_graphite_painting,_1856,_Honolulu_Academy_of_Arts.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Bukk, Cirt, Finavon, Hiart, KAVEBEAR, Kintetsubuffalo, Quibik, Wmpearl File:Honolulu Chinatown fire of 1900.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_Chinatown_fire_of_1900.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Infrogmation, KAVEBEAR, Look2See1, W Nowicki File:Honolulu (satellite photograph - 22 12 2009).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_(satellite_photograph_-_22_12_2009).jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: NASA astronaut File:Honolulu - NASA.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_-_NASA.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Conscious, M2545, Nyttend, Palladinus File:Honolulu Downtown.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_Downtown.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Marshman at en.wikipedia / Eric Guinther File:Honolulu waterfront.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Honolulu_waterfront.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Contributors: Qyd, Xnatedawgx File:Magnify-clip.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magnify-clip.png License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Erasoft24 File:State of Hawaii's Capitol building.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:State_of_Hawaii's_Capitol_building.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nostri-imago/ Original uploader was Jrboi at en.wikipedia File:DFC Galleria in Waikiki.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:DFC_Galleria_in_Waikiki.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Alpha Quadrant, Discospinster, Dupontng, Kkmd, 2 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 19

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