History of Portuguese Architecture Autor(es): Lobo, Rui; Marques, Cátia Publicado por: Editorial do Departamento de Arquitetura URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/41201 Accessed : 17-May-2017 10:42:56

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impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt EDARQ JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL CULTURE 2016 JOELHO

# 07 LEARNING FROM MODERN UTOPIAS —— Guest Editors: Armando Rabaça Carlos Martins

Tim Verlaan Hans Ibelings Caroline Constant Alexander Eisenschmidt Carola Hein Celina Kress Alessandro Porotto César Losada Romero Cecilia Bischeri and Silvia Micheli Manfredo Manfredini and Anh-Dung Ta

Exhibition History of Portuguese Architecture History ofPortuguese Architecture 158 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION 4. Buildings4. that no longer exist. S. Julião daBarra near Lisbon); their history (such asthe Monastery ofMaceira-Dão orthe Fort of 3. Buildings that have been much transformed and altered throughout Cruz); da Almiara inVerride, which once belonged to the Monastery ofSanta imminent ruin,are onthe verge ofceasing to exist (the case ofQuinta 2. Buildings that are not well documented and which, considering their the Lord ofthe Afflicted in Lamarosa, Coimbra); documented (the case ofthe extraordinary and little-known chapel of Buildings1. that are stillingood condition but are not sufficiently by the students) inother areas ofthe country. reasons ofproximity, although cases are often proposed (and accepted cases concern mainly Coimbra and Portugal’s central region, for obvious from anextended previously list proposed by the teachers. The study evolution ofthe studied objects intime. placing hypotheses and illustrating more orless plausible stages ofthe use contemporary means to rehearse and to display the research, to what stillstands today. It also is intended that students learn to "life phases” ofarchitectural objects, from their original structure search for and collect information and how to the distinguish various case studies, students are expected to learn how to investigate, how to practical component. By carrying out practical group work onconcrete the 4th year ofthe Architecture Course, has always had anessential Gomes inaddition to Rui Lobo, lecturer for the pastfive years. subject inthe lastdecade were Walter Rossa and the late Paulo Varela Commission ofthe course. Other professors who have ensured the under the same Alexandre Alves Costa, then member ofthe Installing the very beginning. It started in1992-93, asasubject ofthe 5th year, Technology ofthe University ofCoimbra, HAPhas been present from the mastership ofProfessor and Architect Alexandre Alves Costa. the School ofFine ofOporto, Arts more than three decades ago, under The subject ofHistory ofPortuguese Architecture (HAP) originated in Different of types work are suggested: The themes are chosen by the groups (formed by 4to 6students) History ofPortuguese Architecture, which now operates within At the Architecture Course ofFCTUC –Faculty ofSciences and JOELHO #07 159 noble tower-houses, monasteries and convents, 16 and functional categories such asCoimbra's colleges, estate houses, in English. Works have been grouped by architectonic, typological 16) are beingprepared for the site aswell ageneral option oftexts accessible, while the ones ofthe most recent years (2014-15 and 2015- legacy ofthe subject. The bestworks are of2012-13 and 2013-14 already best works accomplished ineach academic year and to create aproper and ofsoftware engineer David Francisco, with the aim to reveal the essential supportofarchitect Cátia Santos (collaborator ofthe course) material. panel of70x100 cmwith asynthesis ofthe collected and produced student’s work at the Department, for which each group prepares a consult the indicated specialized bibliography. of the students. For “scientific” purposesis always it recommended to limitations inherent to this type ofexercises and to the learning process cases. They aimto be, above hypotheses all, ofreading with the and flawless reconstructions of the architectural history of the studied stages evolution ofits over time (interpretation drawings). original building orstructure would have looked like and ofthe various documentary research and the presentation ofhypothesis ofhow the of case-studies(photographs, freehand drawings, survey drawings), century; studies onthe urban evolution ofspecific localities. 160 in preparation: architecture ofthe 19th century; architecture ofthe 20 chapels, military architecture and infrastructures. New categories are The www.hap.pt website was recently made public, with the At the end ofeach year, there always is anexhibition ofHAP These interpretation drawings should not betaken as"scientific" The development ofthe work involves recording the current state Cátia Santos Rui Lobo JOELHO #07 th century churches, th

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION Chapel ofthe Lord ofthe Afflicted (Senhor dos Aflitos) Lamarosa, Coimbra JOELHO #07 161 Afflicted Frontispiece (Fig.1) Chapel oftheLord S. Gonçalo do Engenho Una inParaíba). and Brazil (chapels ofthe House ofGarcia de Avila inBahia and of of S. Gonçalo inAveiro and Lady ofOur ofthe Sands inS. Jacinto) Portugal (chapels Lady of Our ofthe Incarnation inVila daFeira, of thistype, from the XVI, XVII and XVIII centuries, which exist in unknown. The chapel can beintegrated inachain ofsmall chapels that flank the chapel also date back to time.this representing emblems ofthe Passion The ofChrist. two stone crosses altarpiece, interior blue tile (azulejos 162 did not exist, ofthe chapel current inits state. one (hypothesis b). They previously carried out arigorous survey, which against the back wall ofaprimitive chapel, with allsides open except which the remaining statue ofthe Risen Christwould beover analtar The students tested this hypothesis (hypothesis a) and yet another, in filled inarches were originally open —as the visit to the site suggests. a stone cross center. inits Inthis sense, also itis plausible that allthe plausible that itwas originally erected asabaldachin that would shelter important fact that came out from the students' research). It therefore is eighteenth century, before it’s (re?)institution asachapel in 1800 (an seventeenth century but suffered major changes during the late entrance arch open, is framed by the chapel’s portal. pinnacle. Arches are inscribed ineach ofthe sides but today only the attic and ahexagonal dome covered with tiles and topped by astone Coimbra. Lamarosa) near the river Mondego fields, in the municipal term of architectural piece. It belongs to the Lamarosa Estate da (Quinta temple ofhexagonal aremarkable plan,is seventeenth century The Chapel ofthe Lord ofthe Afflicted (Senhordos Aflitos), asmall The architect(s) and the patrons ofthisarchitectural work are The interventions at the end of the 18 the of end the at interventions The The structure dates, apparently, from the third quarter ofthe It features Doric corner pilasters that support anentablature, an JOELHO ) panels and the ceiling paintings, #07 th century included anew

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/Default.aspx — Information System for the Architectural Heritage: http://www. 2007. do antigo Engenho Una, na Paraíba”, Arquitextos, São Paulo, ano 07, — Sousa, Alberto, “Uma igreja brasileira de planta hexagonal: acapela Populac Nordeste do Brasil: entre atradição portuguesa eatratadística italiana”, — Moura Filha, Maria Berthilde, “Capelas com planta centralizada no de Portugal –Vol. IV: Distrito de Coimbra, Lisboa, ANBA, 1953. — Correia, Vergílio; Gonçalves, António Nogueira; Inventário Artístico 2015-2016 Prof. Rui Lobo, Archs. Cátia Santos and Cátia Marques Luís AntunesLuís (1 Henrique Pimentel, Manuel Pratas, Philippa Remhof Bibliography: Academic Year: Tutors: Credits: ão eSociedade, Porto, CEPESE, vol.19, p.71-93. 2011, st semester) JOELHO #07 163 Fig 4. Fig 3. Fig 2. Actual chapel:perspective view Inside view: theRisenChrist Inside view: filledinarch 164 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION JOELHO #07 165 (main elevation) Fig 9. Fig 8. Fig 7. Fig 6. (perspective view) Fig 5. Actual chapel:groundplan Original chapel:hypothesisa Actual chapel:mainelevation Actual chapel:roofplan Original chapel:hypothesisb from theNorth Frontispiece (Fig.1) Almiara Estate Farmhouse Quinta deAlmiara: view Verride, Montemor-o-Velho (Quinta de Almiara) 166 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION end ofthe 16 for the Augustinian friars. The initial nucleus appears to befrom the (mainly rice) ofthe surrounding lands and served asasummer retreat Monastery ofSanta Cruz de Coimbra. front ofthe village ofEreira,” ofAlmiara the “Quinta belonged to the Located inthe Lower Mondego, onthe south bankofthe river, in monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/Default.aspx — Information System for the Architectural Heritage: http://www. Gente, CMMV, 1995. — Góis, António Correia, Concelho de Montemor-o-Velho: aTerra ea de Portugal –Vol. IV: Distrito de Coimbra, Lisboa, ANBA, 1953. — Correia, Vergílio; Gonçalves, António Nogueira; Inventário Artístico Coimbra, 1944. — Conceição, Augusto dos Santos, Terras de Montemor-o-Velho, Graphic elements revised by João Negrão, 2016 2012-2013 Prof. Rui Lobo, Arch. Cátia Santos Mariana Almeida Andreia Barata, Bruna Marques, Diogo Tavares, Mariana Martins, completed) was also carried out. the main elevation over the Mondego (in case the building had been essentialits features could beregistered. The hypothetical design of main building, inplanand elevation, so that spatial its organization and the house became private property. They are currently abandoned. main body. Acylindrical pigeonry rises independently to the southeast. arms painted onthe ceiling ofthe East turret room has the date of1755. cells and turrets at the ends (one ofthem never completed). The coat of towards the river, composed ofacentral module, extensive wings with century, when the widespread main body was built, facing north doors. The house was the subject ofimportant works inthe eighteenth The farmhouse was the headquarters ofthe agricultural production Bibliography: Academic Year: Tutors: Credits: The group work comprised the schematic survey ofthe estate’s From with 1834, the extinction ofthe religious orders, the estate and At the rear, to the south, stands the chapel, parallel to the house’s th century, asthe date inscribed is onone of1580 ofthe JOELHO #07 167 Fig 4. Fig 3. Fig 2. Quinta deAlmiara:groundfloorplan East turretfromtheSouth Farmhouse chapel:inside view 168 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION Fig 7. Fig 6. elevation idealized North Fig 5. Quinta deAlmiara:firstfloorplan North elevation North Conjectural reconstructionofthe JOELHO #07 169 view fromtheEast Frontispiece (Fig.1) Monastery ofSanta Maria Monastery ofMaceiraDão: Maceira-Dão, Mangualde de Maceira Dão 170 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION second monastic façade along the kitchen area, to the West (c Águias). a model inthe church ofthe neighboring Monastery ofS. Pedro das Tavares Martins, Cistercian Monasteries inthe Beiras Region, provided programmed (the analysis ofthe recent PhD thesis ofAna Maria medieval temple) was probably not accomplished but was surely construction ofaseventeenth-century church (to substitute aprevious the new cloister and entrance from the The East,in1613-1628). parallel sought to register the probable alterations suffered over time: different monastic phases were elaborated. The work of the students monastery’s orientation. current church (in the eighteenth century) and the total reversal ofthe were made -the most relevant ofwhich was the construction ofthe stairs) faces that direction. However, important subsequent changes to face East, since the monastic vestibule (preceded by ashort set of monastery was built. The new post- tridentine structure was intended much altered. It was duringthe seventeenth century that the actual the base ofaseigniorial tower, probably preexistent and meanwhile been modest because practically nothing remains ofthat time —except themselves under the monastery ofAlcobaça. The building should have protection.his placed the community (which followed the rule ofS. Benedict) under D. Afonso Henriques fixed, ina document, the of limits the land and near the left bankof the Dão River, of which he was the first abbot. King evolution scheme due to the lack ofhistorical elements. the territory). the Dão valley to the West (a clearly Baroque attitude ofcontrol over the construction ofthe current elliptical planchurch in1744-1779 facing c) Later alterations to the building, including the construction ofa b) The monastery built inthe early seventeenth century (around a) The hypothetical original medieval tower; A new survey was carried out and conjectural reconstitutions ofthe The friars quickly adopted the Cistercian rule (ca1188) placing In 1173,former physician Soeiro Teodoniz founded amonastery The medieval phase ofthe convent was skipped over inthe d) The assumption ofanew orientation for the whole facility, with JOELHO #07 a 1669). 171 monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/Default.aspx — Information System for the Architectural Heritage: http://www. Arquitetura, Darq-FCTUC, 2009. Maria de Maceira Mestrado de empousada em Dão Dissertação , — Salvador, Ana Pais, Estudode reconversão do Real Mosteiro de Santa Quartzo, 2012. das Beiras: umpercurso entre aarquitetura eahistória, Viseu, — Martins, Ana Maria Tavares, Mosteiros Cistercienses naRegião Mangualde, Câmara Municipal, 1992. — Alves, Alexandre, OReal Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Maceira, Dão 2014-2015 Prof. Rui Lobo, Arch. Cátia Marques Marco Costa Ana Pais, André Sousa, Eva Paiva, Inês Pinheiro, João Mendes, 172 Bibliography: Academic Year: Tutors: Credits: JOELHO Fig 5. Fig 4. Fig 3. Fig 2. #07 Pinnacle withdate(1668) Cloister Baroque church:façade(facingWest) Remains oftheseigneurialtower

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION JOELHO #07 173 completed Baroquechurch,facingWest) Fig 9. probably notbuilt) monastic façadefacingWest; pluschurch, Fig 8. probably notbuilt) Fig 7. original tower Fig 6. Situation in1628(pluschurch, Situation in1779(withthe Situation in1669(withsecond Situation inthe12 th century:the 174 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION Fortress ofS. Julião daBarra JOELHO #07 Oeiras 175 Southwest bastionandsentry Frontispiece (Fig.1) Fortress ofS.Julião: Fortress 176 the fortress. representations (which were already known) and oncurrent data of the aforementioned couple ofplans, onother more recent graphic the original fortress design, through a3Drepresentation based upon also incirculation. plan (apparently ofthe same hand) ofthe fortress’ esplanade level, is to the knowledge ofwhat might have been the original fortress. Another before the Philippine alterations, provided afundamental contribution of the fortress (at the cistern level) drawn by Italian Leonardo diFerrari Heliche, kept inthe Krigsarkivert Sangallo, The recent in1534. publication ofthe Atlas ofthe Marquis of a replica ofthe Basso Fortezza da against the sea and two other over land,inwhat appears to have been lighthouse tower was added, among other works. reformulated and enlarged. Inthe period ofthe Marquis of Pombal the independence the two land bastions and the moat were greatly terrace onthe sea side were added. With the restoration of Portugal’s centuries. Inthe period ofSpanish domination the low bastions and the Marquis ofSanta Cruz entered Portugal, itwas already operational. 1580, when the combined Spanish forces ofthe Duke ofAlbaand ofthe regency ofCardinal D. Henrique and duringthe reign ofD. Sebastião. In (after the death of King D. João III), receiving a decisive impulse in the participated. The construction began and in1553 was resumed in1559 directed by Benedetto de Ravenna and inwhich Miguel de Arruda had in Portugal, after the decisive experience of Mazagão in Morocco, and represents the assertion full ofthe polygonal bastion system of the fortifications of the Kingdom, places ofbeyond and India", military architecture. It was designed by Miguel de Arruda, "Master the Tagus River near Lisbon, aremarkable is work ofPortuguese The Fortress ofS. Julião (or S. Gião ) daBarra, onthe mouth of The students' work consisted inthe hypothetical reconstruction of The original fortification displayed five bastions, three positioned The original construction was, however, quite modified over the JOELHO ofStockholm and containing aplan ofFlorence, designed by Antonio da #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/Default.aspx — Information System for the Architectural Heritage: http://www. 4Gatos, 2008:http://4gatos.es/editorial/atlas-del-marques-de-heliche/) Mérida, Junta de Extremadura, 2004 (edição digital, Badajoz, Editorial M., Imágenes de unImperio Perdido: el Atlas del Marqués de Heliche , — Sánchez Rubio, Rocío; Testón Nuñez, Isabel; Sánchez Rubio, Carlos Vol. VII: oManeirismo , Lisboa, 1986, Alfa, p.137-152. — Moreira, Rafael, “Arquitectura Militar”, História da Arte emPortugal – A Fortaleza de S. Julião da Barra, Ministério daDefesa Nacional, 2007. — Carita, Rui; Cardoso, António Homem, OEscudo do Reino: 2015–2016 Prof. Rui Lobo, Archs. Cátia Santos and Cátia Marques Loriane Freire (1 André Pleno, Joana Alves, João Leite, João Marques Bibliography: Academic Year: Tutors: Credits: st semestre) JOELHO #07 177 a drawing of1829) Fig 5. , Stockholm) of Heliche,Krigsarkivert Fig 4. Fig 3. Fig 2. Plan of the fortress (accordingto Plan ofthefortress (AtlasPlan ofthefortress oftheMarquis Cistern ca.1560-70 Door oftheCardinalsca.1575 178 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION JOELHO #07 179 perspective view fromtheNorth Fig 10. perspective view fromtheWest Fig 9. plan (cisternlevel) Fig 8. plan (seaesplanadelevel) Fig 7. plan (toplevel) Fig 6. Hypothetical original fortress: Hypothetical originalfortress: Hypothetical original fortress: Hypothetical originalfortress: Hypothetical original fortress: Hypothetical originalfortress: Hypothetical originalfortress: Hypothetical original fortress: Hypothetical originalfortress: d’Almeida House:street façade Frontispiece (Fig.1) Ferrand Pimentel d’Almeida House Ferrand Pimentel 180 Coimbra JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION Houses»). Lino published 1933 inhis bookCasas Portuguesas («Portuguese staircase. Agood example the is “House inanOporto suburb”, which the relation between the entrance hall and the house’s main inner house designs insuch features like the covered stairway entrance and space.open original inner wall division that can stillbeinferred from today’s interior lateral added stairs. They also drew the different floor plans, with the and to produce drawings relating to the original elevations without the archives. in 1935, documented asis by the licensing process file in the municipal an argument with the original proprietor. contemporary houses in Coimbra) may have abandoned the work after and craftsarts tradition. Apparently Lino (whois the architect ofother Lino (1879-1974), the famous Portuguese architect trained inthe German given by the actual proprietors indicates the possible authorship ofRaúl 1938) appears inatext by Anacleto and Policarpo, However, information construction. A reference to the authorship of Augusto Silva Pinto (1865- family: Póvoa de Varzim, the Mondego and the Douro Rivers, Alenquer. 1933) refer to localities and regions inPortugal dear to the owner’s blue tile (azulejo) panels that cover the veranda’s walls (dating from the rear eastern façade and over the building’s southeast angle. The walls and detailing. sale, having suffered the unfortunate demolition ofinteriormost ofits Coimbra’s new expansion areas, over the hills. The house today is on was built inthe second orthird decade ofthe 20 The house ofProfessor Ferrand Pimentel D’Almeida (1885-1962) They were also able to establish some proximity with Raúl Lino’s The students’ task was to elaborate asurvey ofthe actual building An external set ofstairs was added to the north side ofthe house It not is clear who the Architect was and what was the date ofthe It has aconservative external image, with acovered veranda along JOELHO #07 th century inone of 181 arquitectura das casas simples, Lisboa, Valentim de Carvalho, 5 — Lino, Raúl, Casa Portuguesas. Alguns apontamentos sobre a perspectivas (actas), Coimbra, vol. 1991, II,p. 327-346. a Universidade de Coimbra”, inUniversidade(s): história, memória, — Anacleto, Regina; Policarpo, Isabel, “O Arquitecto Silva Pinto e Coimbra, 1983, p. 31-44. — Craveiro, Lurdes, “Raul Lino em Coimbra”, Mundo da Arte , no. 15, Graphic elements revised by Rui Lobo, 2016. 2014–2015 Prof. Rui Lobo, Arch. Cátia Marques Pedro Lopes Henrique Pereira, Joana Mendes, Sil Luís Almeida, Marta Lourenço, 1954 (Original edition: 1933) 182 Bibliography: Academic Year: Tutors: Credits: JOELHO #07 th ed. ed. EXHIBITION EXHIBITION JOELHO #07 183 Fig 4. suburb”, 1933 Fig 3. Fig 2. Interior view Raúl Lino:“ahouseinanOporto View ofthehousefromsoutheast the inner walls. upper floors,before thedemolitionofmost Figs 9.10. of thehouse. side addition oftheexteriorstairstonorthern South andEastoriginalelevations,before the Figs 5.6.7.8. Hypothetical plansofthemainand Hypothetical North, WestHypothetical North, (main), 184 JOELHO #07

EXHIBITION EXHIBITION JOELHO #07 185