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Assessment Methodology to Make Urban Transport Interchanges Attractive for Users

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Assessment Methodology to Make Urban Transport Interchanges Attractive for Users UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY TO MAKE URBAN TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES ATTRACTIVE FOR USERS DOCTORAL THESIS SARA HERNÁNDEZ DEL OLMO Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Ingeniería Civil Madrid, 2015 DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL: TRANSPORTE Y TERRITORIO ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS DOCTORAL THESIS ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY TO MAKE URBAN TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES ATTRACTIVE FOR USERS SARA HERNÁNDEZ DEL OLMO Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Máster Universitario en Sistemas de Ingeniería Civil Director: Andrés Monzón de Cáceres Dr. Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Co‐Director: Juan de Oña López Dr. Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos Madrid, 2015 Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día ___ de _______________ de 2015. Presidente: _____________________________________________ Vocal: _____________________________________________ Vocal: _____________________________________________ Vocal: _____________________________________________ Secretario: _____________________________________________ Suplente: _____________________________________________ Suplente: _____________________________________________ Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día _____ de __________ de 2015 en la E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Canales, Caminos y Puertos de la U.P.M. Acuerda otorgarle la calificación de: ___________________________________________________ Madrid, ___ de _________________de 2015. EL PRESIENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO “If you can dream it, you can do it” Walt Disney (1901‐1966) AGRADECIMIENTOS Son muchas las personas que durante esta etapa de mi vida han ayudado y contribuido a que fuera posible la realización de esta tesis doctoral. En primer lugar, mi más sincero agradecimiento a mi Director de tesis Andrés Monzón por haber depositado su confianza en mí a lo largo de todos estos años. Gracias además por tantas y tan buenas oportunidades profesionales de las que he podido ser partícipe en TRANSyT y que tanto me han enseñado y enriquecido. En segundo lugar, agradecer a mi Co‐Director Juan de Oña, por sus consejos e inestimable ayuda y por tantas y tan buenas conversaciones a lo largo de todo el proceso. También quería agradecer a Rocío de Oña todas sus valiosas aportaciones pero en especial, agradecerle aún más haber estado a mi lado y compartir tan buenos momentos. A tantos y tan buenos compañeros con los que he tenido la suerte de convivir: Carmen, Juan Carlos, Patricia, Elena, Juan, Álvaro, María Eugenia, Rocío, Cristina, Floridea, Belén, Emilio… a todos ellos, gracias por cada momento compartido. A Andrés García gracias además por su infinita ayuda y colaboración en las encuestas. Y muy en especial a Fiamma, Andrea y Natalia. Sin vosotras nada de esto hubiese sido igual. Gracias por ser mi mayor apoyo en todas y cada una de las facetas de mi vida. También me gustaría agradecer a las personas que me brindaron no solo la oportunidad si no también su ayuda en mis distintas estancias en el extranjero. A Nick Tyler de University Collegue of London, a Achille Fonzone de la Universidad de Napier en Edimburgo, Escocia e Yves Crozet del LET (Laboratoire d'économie des Transports) en Lyon, Francia. Mi paso por cada una de estas instituciones han sido experiencias muy enriquecedoras. Y por último, a los tres pilares más importantes de mi vida: mi familia, mi pareja y mis amigos. Os diría tantas cosas… Gracias a mis padres por haber estado a mi lado, por tantas y tantas conversaciones y tenderme siempre la mano. A mis abuelos, por su cariño incondicional. Y a mi pareja Héctor, por haber sufrido junto a mí todos estos años y arrancarme siempre una sonrisa cuando más lo he necesitado. Gracias por vuestra paciencia y cariño. Porque ganar no es una meta sino una actitud. Sin vosotros no sería quien soy. Simplemente…. ¡GRACIAS! ABSTRACT Travel patterns in European urban areas are becoming increasingly complex due to a sustained increase in the urban population and the trend towards urban sprawl. Consequently, many public transport users need to combine several modes or transport services to complete their daily trips. Therefore, the challenge facing all major cities is how to increase mobility while at the same time reducing congestion, accididents and pollution (COM, 2006). Reducing the inconvenience inherent in transferring between modes is a basic principle for achieving sustainable mobility. In this regard, transport interchanges play a key role as urban transport network nodes, and the quality of the service provided in them has a direct influence on travellers' daily experience. As noted by Terzis and Last (2000), an efficient urban transport interchange must be competitive and, at the same time, be attractive for users given that their physical experiences and psychological reactions are significantly influenced by the design and operation of the interchange. However, yet there are no standards or regulations specifying the form these interchanges should take in Europe. This doctoral thesis provides knowledge and analysis tools addressed to developers and managers in order to understand better the performance of an urban transport interchange and manage the available resources properly. Likewise, key factors of the design and operation of urban transport interchanges are identified and some 'Planning guidelines' are proposed on the basis on them. Since the users' perceptions of their experience are particularly important for achieving the most appropriate policy measures for interchanges, an ad‐hoc travellers' satisfaction survey was designed and carried out in 2013 at three European transport interchanges: Moncloa (Madrid, Spain), Kamppi (Helsinki, Finland) and Ilford Railway Station (London, United Kingdom) In summary, this thesis highlights the ambivalent nature of the urban transport interchanges, i.e. as nodes within the transport network and as places where users spending time and proposes some policy recommendations in order to make urban transport interchanges attractive for users. RESUMEN En las ciudades europeas, los patrones de movilidad son cada vez más complejos debido fundamentalmente a un crecimiento sostenido de la población así como a la tendencia de dispersión de los núcleos urbanos. En consecuencia, muchos de los usuarios del transporte público se ven obligados a combinar varios modos o servicios de transporte para completar sus viajes diarios. Por tanto, el mayor reto de las ciudades es conseguir una mejora e incremento en la movilidad mientras que al mismo tiempo se reducen problemas como la congestión, los accidentes y la contaminación (COM, 2006). Un principio básico para lograr una movilidad sostenible es reducir los inconvenientes y molestias derivados de la transferencia o ruptura del viaje. En este sentido, los intercambiadores de transporte público juegan un papel fundamental como nodos de la red urbana de transporte y la calidad del servicio prestado en ellos tiene una influencia directa sobre la experiencia diaria de los viajeros. Como señaló Terzis and Last (2002), un intercambiador de transportes urbano eficiente debe ser competitivo y al mismo tiempo, debe ser atractivo para los usuarios dado que sus experiencias físicas y sus reacciones psicológicas se ven influenciadas de manera significativa por el diseño y operación del intercambiador. Sin embargo, todavía no existen standards o normativas a nivel europeo que especifiquen como deberían ser estos intercambiadores. Esta tesis doctoral proporciona conocimientos y herramientas de análisis dirigidas a planificadores y gestores de los propios intercambiadores con el fin de entender mejor el funcionamiento de los intercambiadores y gestionar así los recursos disponibles. Así mismo, esta tesis identifica los factores clave en el diseño y operación de intercambiadores urbanos de transporte y proporciona algunas guías generales de planificación en base a ellos. Dado que las percepciones de los usuarios son particularmente importantes para definir políticas adecuadas para intercambiadores, se diseñó y se llevó a cabo en 2013 una encuesta de satisfacción al viajero en tres intercambiadores de transporte urbano europeos: Moncloa (Madrid, España), Kamppi (Helsinki, Finlandia) e Ilford Railway Station ( Londres, Reino Unido). En resumen, esta tesis pone de relieve la naturaleza ambivalente de los intercambiadores urbanos de transporte, es decir, como nodos de la red de transporte y como lugares en sí mismos donde los usuarios pasan tiempo dentro de ellos y propone algunas recomendaciones para hacer más atractivos los intercambiadores a los usuarios. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......... …………………………………………………………………………3 1.1. Research background ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2. Objective and research questions ................................................................................ 9 1.3. Research methodology .................................................................................................. 11 1.4. Thesis structure ................................................................................................................ 13 1.5. List of original publications ......................................................................................... 15 2. URBAN TRANSPORT INTERCHANGES: THE USER´S
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