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D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL 7 REFERENCES 12 Amtrak. 1999. Report to Congress: Potential Improvements to the Washington-Richmond Railroad Corridor, Vol. 1. Washington, D.C. May 1999. 87 pages.

2008. Advancing Passenger Rail in the Commonwealth of : Short Term Action Plan, Part I. Washington, D.C. 28 pages. January 2008.

2008. Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2007: Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, D.C. 2 pages.

2010. PRIIA Section 210 FY10 Performance Improvement Plan: Cardinal. Washington, D.C. 34 pages.

2010 Fact Sheet: New Passenger Rail Service Comes to Richmond and Eastern Virginia. Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. 2 pages.

2011. PRIIA Section 210 FY11 Performance Improvement Plan: Crescent, Lake Shore Limited, Silver Service. Washington, D.C. 90 pages.

2011. Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2011: Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, D.C. 3 pages.

2012. PRIIA Section 210 FY11 Performance Improvement Plan: Auto , City of New Orleans, Coast Starlight, Empire Builder, Southwest Chief. Washington, D.C. 84 pages.

2012. Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2012: Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, D.C. 4 pages.

2012. The Amtrak Vision for the Northeast Corridor: 2012 Update Report. July 2012. Washington, D.C. and Richmond, VA. 2 pages.

2012. Northeast Corridor Employee Timetable No. 5. October 5, 2012.

2013. Station Program Planning Guidelines. https://spportal.my-techub.com/Sites/DC2RVA/ Project%20Communication/Reference%20Material/amtrak-station-planning-and- program-guidelines.pdf. 2013.

12-1 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2013. Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2013: Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, D.C. 5 pages.

2014. Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2014: Commonwealth of Virginia. Washington, D.C. 4 pages.

2014. Strategic Plan FY2014-FY2018. Washington, D.C. 40 pages.

2015. Amtrak System Timetable Spring-Fall 2015: Effective April 6, 2015. Washington, D.C. 141 pages. April 6, 2015.

2015. Amtrak System Timetable: Virginia Service Connecting the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic. Washington, D.C. 5 pages. April 6, 2015.

Arlington County. 2007. Master Transportation Plan: Goals and Policies Summary. Arlington, VA.

2011. Five-Year Review of Arlington County’s Comprehensive Plan: 2005-2010. Arlington, VA.

2017. Summary Report on Amendments to Arlington County’s Comprehensive Plan: A Five- Year Review July 1, 2010 - June 30, 2015 (with updates from July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016). Arlington, VA.

Association of American Railroads. 2012. Freight Railroads in Virginia–Rail Fast Facts for 2012. Washington, D.C. 2 pages.

2015. The Environmental Benefits of Moving Freight by Rail. August 2015.

Beadles, Richard L. 2010. Prepared Comments of Dick Beadles for Southeast High Speed Rail Public Hearing, Richmond, VA. July 20, 2010. 6 pages.

2013. Railroad Policy in Virginia: How We Got Where We Are and Where We Might Go from Here. The Virginia News Letter, Vol. 89, No. 3. June 2013. University of Virginia Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. 21 pages.

Bird Nature. 2015. Spring and Fall Migration Timetable. http://www.birdnature.com/timetable.html. Accessed March 25, 2015.

Bradley, M.J. and Associates. 2014. Updated Comparison of Energy Use and Emissions from Different Transportation Modes. Manchester, NH.

Buckingham Branch Railroad (BBR). 2011. Richmond & Alleghany Division Timetable No. 1. January 24, 2011.

12-2 REFERENCES

Caroline County. 2010. Caroline County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Bowling Green, VA.

Chesapeake Bay Program. 1995. Guidance for Protecting Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Chesapeake Bay from Physical Disruption. Prepared by: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Workgroup of the Living Resources Subcommittee, Chesapeake Bay Program. EPA 903-R-95-013 CBP/TRS139/95. Printed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the Chesapeake Bay Program. August 1995.

Chesterfield County. 2012. Moving Forward: The Comprehensive Plan for Chesterfield County. Chesterfield, VA.

Code of Virginia. Nd. Virginia Antiquities Act (Code of Virginia § 10.1-2300).

Nd. Crossing of a railroad or public highway by another railroad; crossing of a railroad by a public highway. https://vacode.org/56-363/.

Comstock, Jeffrey A., Sandra H. Azevedo, M. Frances Faure, and Suzanne M. Pierson. 2003. Level III and IV Ecoregions of EPA Region 3 Map. United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/reg3_eco.htm. May 28, 2003.

CCB (The Center for Conservation Biology). 2016. Mapping Portal-VaEagles Nest Locater. http://www.ccbbirds.org/maps/#eagles. Last updated 2016. Accessed May 2016.

City of Fredericksburg, VA. 2007. Fredericksburg Comprehensive Plan. Fredericksburg, VA.

2010. Historic Preservation Plan for the City of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Prepared in conjunction with the City of Fredericksburg Comprehensive Plan by Historic Preservation Task Force, Planning Commission, and City Staff. City of Fredericksburg, VA. June 2010.

2014. Draft Comprehensive Plan. Fredericksburg, VA.

City of Alexandria, VA. 2008. City of Alexandria Comprehensive Transportation Master Plan. Alexandria, VA.

City of Richmond, VA. 2000. Master Plan, Richmond. Richmond, VA.

12-3 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2001. Wetlands digitized by the City of Richmond. GIS format. Received March 20, 2011.

2006. Richmond Main Street Statin: and Platform Modifications–Concept Design Study. September 2006. 66 pages.

2009. Richmond Downtown Plan. Richmond Planning Commission and Richmond Community Development Department. July 2009. http://www.ci.richmond.va.us/planninganddevelopmentreview/PlansOther.aspx#Do wntown

City of Richmond Department of Economic and Community Development. 2016. Main Street Station Phase 3 Development. City of Richmond Department of Economic & Community Development Website. http://www.yesrichmondva.com/transportation- development/Main-Street-Station-Phase-3-Development. Accessed September 27, 2016.

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). 1997. Considering Cumulative Effects under the National Environmental Policy Act. Washington, D.C. 1997.

2016. Final Guidance for Federal Departments and Agencies on Consideration of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Effects of Climate Change in National Environmental Policy Act Reviews. Washington, D.C. 2016

Cowardin, Lewis M., Virginia Carter, Francis C. Golet, and Edward T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Biological Services, Washington, D.C. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/ wetlands/classwet/index.htm (Version 04DEC1998).

CSX Corporation. 2007. United States Department of Transportation Corridors of the Future Program Application: The Southeast I-95 Corridor. May 25, 2007. Jacksonville, FL. 72 pages.

CSX Transportation (CSXT). 2009. The Peninsula Subdivision. Prepared for The Hampton Roads Partnership. July 17, 2009. 18 PowerPoint slides.

2010. Track chart: Baltimore Division–RF&P Subdivision. May 24, 2010. 25 pages.

2010. Track chart: C&O Division–Piedmont Subdivision and Peninsula Subdivision. May 24, 2010. 59 pages.

2010. Track chart: Florence Division–Bellwood/Richmond Terminal Subdivision. May 24, 2010. 1 page.

12-4 REFERENCES

2010. Track chart: Florence Division–North End/Richmond Terminal Subdivision. May 24, 2010. 1 page.

2010. Track chart: Florence Division–North End Subdivision. May 24, 2010. 25 pages.

2011. System Clearance map: 286,000 GWR. Jacksonville, FL. September 23, 2011. 1 page.

2012. Florence Division Timetable No. 7.1. May 1, 2012.

2012. Huntington Division East Timetable No. 3. August 5, 2012.

2012. System Clearance map: Multilevel Routes. Jacksonville, FL. December 6, 2012. 1 page.

2013. System Clearance map: Multilevel Routes. Jacksonville, FL. December 3, 2013. 1 page.

2014. CSX in Virginia fact sheet. Jacksonville, FL. May 15, 2014. 2 pages.

2015. Class 1 Railroad Annual Report to the Surface Transportation Board for the year ending December 26, 2014. Jacksonville, FL. March 2015. 139 pages.

2015. Baltimore Division Timetable No. 1. April 1, 2015.

2015. System Clearance map: Auto Rack. Jacksonville, FL. May 2015. 1 page.

2015. System Clearance map: Double Stack. Jacksonville, FL. May 2015. 1 page.

2015. System Clearance map: Tonnage. Jacksonville, FL. May 2015. 1 page.

CSX Transportation and Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transit. 2000. Capacity Study of Richmond, VA, Washington, D.C. Rail Corridor. Springfield, VA. November 2000. 63 pages.

District Department of Transportation. 2014. Tunnel Reconstruction: Final Environmental Impact Statement & Section 4(f) Evaluation. Executive Summary. Washington, D.C. May 2014. 44 pages.

2015. Long Bridge Study. Washington, D.C. January 2015.

Dollins, Heather 2014. Yellow Tavern Battlefield. Virginia-Cultural Resource Information System Form. Completed as part of the Lakeside Bridge Study, Henrico County, Virginia. Copy on file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, Virginia. Environmental Risk Information Service (ERIS). 2016. Database Report–Ashland Bypass, Ashland, VA. Order #: 20160219034. Requested by: Parsons (Parsons Transportation Group). February 24, 2016.

12-5 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2016. Database Report–Fredericksburg Bypass, Fredericksburg, VA. Order #: 20160211138. Requested by: Parsons (Parsons Transportation Group). February 24, 2016.

2014. Database Report–Virginia Existing Rail Project–Part 1. Richmond, VA. Order #: 20141111060. November 14, 2014.

2014. Database Report–Virginia Existing Rail Project–Part 2. Doswell, VA. Order #: 20141111076. November 17, 2014.

2014. Database Report–Virginia Existing Rail Project–Part 3. Fredericksburg, VA. Order #: 20141119089. November 21, 2014.

2014. Database Report–Virginia Existing Rail Project–Part 4. Richmond, VA. Order #: 20141124097. November 25, 2014.

Fairfax County. 2013. Fairfax County Comprehensive Plan. Fairfax County, VA.

2014. Policy Plan: The Countywide Policy Element of The Comprehensive Plan for Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax, VA.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Nd. GIS mapping layers. https://www.fema.gov.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 1992. Position Paper: Secondary and Cumulative Impact Assessment in the Highway Project Development Process. Washington, D.C. 1992.

2010. “A Methodology for Evaluating Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions among Transportation Project Alternatives,” updated August 25, 2010. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/air_toxics/research_and_analysi s/methodology/methodology00.cfm.

2012. Interim Guidance Update on Mobile Air Toxic Analysis. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ environment/air_quality/air_toxics/policy_and_guidance/aqintguidmem.cfm. Washington, D.C. December 2012.

2014. Questions and Answers Regarding the Consideration of Indirect and Cumulative Impacts in the NEPA Process. Washington, D.C. 2014.

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 1999. Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts, Revised. Washington, D.C.

2005. Railroad Corridor Transportation Plans–A Guidance Manual. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L04161. Washington, D.C. 2005.

12-6 REFERENCES

2009. Vision for High-Speed Rail in America, High-Speed Rail Strategic Plan. April 2009. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L02833.

2011. Station Area Planning for High-Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L03759. Washington, D.C. 2011.

2012. High Speed Ground Transportation Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. Washington, D.C. September 2012.

2013. CREATE Freight Noise and Vibration Model. Chicago, Illinois.

2016. Office of Safety Analysis Highway-Rail Accident Data. Accessed July 2016. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L17371.

2016. Quiet Zone FRAWeb Report. Accessed July 2006. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/details/L05204.

2016. U.S. DOT Crossing Inventory. Accessed 2016. http://fragis.fra.dot.gov/GISFRASafety/.

Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). 2002. Record of Decision for the Tier I Southeast High Speed Rail Project. Washington, D.C. November 20, 2002. 20 pages.

Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2006. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual. Washington, D.C. May 2006.

Fredericksburg Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2013. 2040 Long Range Transportation Plan. Fredericksburg, VA.

Great American Stations. Nd. Ashland, VA (ASD). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/ASD. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Alexandria, VA (ALX). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/ALX. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Fredericksburg, VA (FBG). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/FBG. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Lorton, VA (LOR). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/LOR. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Newport News, VA (NPN). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/NPN. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Quantico, VA (QAN). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/QAN. Accessed June 9, 2015.

12-7 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

Nd. Richmond–Main Street Station, VA (RVM). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/RVM. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Richmond–Staples Mill Road Station, VA (RVR). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/RVR. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Washington – Union Station, DC (WAS). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/WAS. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Nd. Woodbridge, VA (WDB). http://www.greatamericanstations.com/Stations/WDB. Accessed June 9, 2015.

Hanover County. 2012. Comprehensive Plan Hanover County, VA, 2012-2032. Hanover, VA.

Hawkins, Jeff. 2008. The Bridges of Richmond. Railpace Newsmagazine. Piscataway, NJ. March 2008. Pages 20-33, 47.

2009. Richmond to Petersburg: CSX’s North End & Bellwood Subdivisions. Railpace Newsmagazine. Piscataway, NJ. April 2009. Pages 21-29, 43.

HDR for Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. 2006. Richmond Area Rail Improvements–Field Investigation: Summary of Findings. Richmond, VA. September 2006. 12 pages.

Henrico County. 2009. Henrico County: Vision 2026. Henrico, VA.

I-95 Corridor Coalition. 2009. Mid-Atlantic Rail Operations Phase II Study–Final Report. December 2009. 118 pages.

James Madison University. 2000. Geologic History of Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic Region–A Description of the Geology of Virginia. http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/vageol/vahist/PhysProv.html. Last updated September 13, 2000. Accessed January 5, 2016.

Jones, Chip. 2004. Acca Yard Started on Track to Prominence in Late 1800s. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, VA. June 21, 2004.

12-8 REFERENCES

Jones, Claudia, Jim McCann, and Susan McConville 2001. A Guide to the Conservation of Forest Interior Dwelling Birds in the Chesapeake Bay Critical Area–June 2000. Critical Area Commission for the Chesapeake and Atlantic Coastal Bays. Annapolis, . http://dnr2.maryland.gov/education/Documents/tweetyjune_2000.pdf. Published May 2001

Klein, Mike, Emily Calhoun, Marco González, and Earl E. Proper 2015. Archaeological Background Review and Predictive Model for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia, Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Maryland Transit Administration. 2014. MARC Train Penn Line Weekday Service timetable. Baltimore, MD. November 17, 2014. 2 pages.

2014. MARC Train Penn Line Weekend Service timetable. Baltimore, MD. December 2014. 1 page.

2015. MARC Train Brunswick Line Weekday Service timetable. Baltimore, MD. January 10, 2015. 2 pages.

2015. MARC Train Camden Line Weekday Service timetable. Baltimore, MD. March 9, 2015. 2 pages.

McCormick Taylor. 2010. Phase I Archaeological Identification Survey for the Virginia Railway Express Cherry Hill Third Track Project from Arkendale (CFP 72.0) to Powell's Creek (CFP 83.4) Prince William and Stafford Counties, Virginia. McCormick Taylor, Glen Allen, Virginia.

2010. Phase I Architectural Survey for the Virginia Railway Express Cherry Hill Third Track Project from Arkendale (CFP 72.0) to Powell's Creek (CFP 83.4) Prince William and Stafford Counties, Virginia. McCormick Taylor, Glen Allen, Virginia. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG). 2014. Regional Transportation Priorities Plan for the National Capital Region. Washington, D.C.

Morris, Andrew and Hawkins, Jeff. 2009. CSX RF&P Subdivision Part 1: Richmond to Milford. Railpace Newsmagazine. Piscataway, NJ. May 2009. Pages 20-29, 43.

2009. CSX RF&P Subdivision Part 2: Caroline County to Brooke. Railpace Newsmagazine. Piscataway, NJ. July 2009. Pages 22-29.

2009. CSX RF&P Subdivision Part 3: Aquia Creek-Washington. Railpace Newsmagazine. Piscataway, NJ. December 2009. Pages 21-31, 43.

12-9 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2009. Species of Concern–River Herring (Alewife & Blueback Herring). NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2013. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Endangered Species Act Listing. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/alewife.htm and 78 FR 48943– https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2013/08/12/2013-19380/endangered-and- threatened-wildlife-and-plants-endangered-species-act-listing-determination-for.

2015. Essential Fish Habitat Mapper v3.0. http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/protection/ efh/efhmapper/index.html. Accessed March 2015.

National Park Service (NPS). 2009. Nationwide Rivers Inventory–Virginia Segments. http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/ programs/rtca/nri/states/va.html. Accessed November 12, 2014. Last updated February 27, 2009.

NatureServe Explorer. 2014. Online Encyclopedia of Life–species search: Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), Appalachian Springsnail (Fontigens bottimeri), Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Barking Treefrog (Hyla gratiosa), Blue back Herring (Alosa aestivalis), Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa), Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), Green Floater (Lasmigona subviridis), Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum), Rush (Juncus caesariensis), Northern Long- eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Sensitive Joint-vetch (Aeschynome virginica), Small Whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides), Swamp-pink (Helonias bullata), Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Virginia Piedmont Water Boatman (Sigara depressa), Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta). http://explorer.natureserve.org/. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. http://explorer.natureserve.org/. Accessed October 2014–January 2015. Last updated March 2014.

NEC Master Plan Working Group. 2010. The Northeast Corridor Infrastructure Master Plan. Washington, D.C. May 2010. 178 pages.

Norfolk Southern. 2015. Class I Railroad Annual Report to the Surface Transportation Board for the Year Ending December 31, 2014. March 31, 2015. Norfolk, VA. 141 pages.

12-10 REFERENCES

North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Rail Division, Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT). 2002. SEHSR Washington, D.C. to Charlotte, NC, Tier I Final Environmental Impact Statement. Executive Summary. Raleigh, NC, and Richmond, VA. 142 pages.

Northeast Corridor Infrastructure and Operations Advisory Committee. 2013. Critical Infrastructure Needs on the Northeast Corridor. Washington, D.C. January 2013. 76 pages.

Old Dominion Chapter, National Railway Historical Society. 2013. Railroad History of Richmond, Virginia. 2013. 20 pages.

Prince William County. 2008. Comprehensive Plan 2008. Prince William, VA. Updates to individual chapters through 2014.

Reid, Zachary. 2014. Bustle of the Rail Yard is Story of Commerce in Richmond. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, VA. June 2, 2014.

Richmond Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (RAMPO). 2012. plan2035. Richmond, VA.

Riggan, Phil. 2013. Why Richmond why??!! Acca Yard. Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, VA. May 28, 2013.

Spotsylvania County. 2013. Spotsylvania County Comprehensive Plan. Spotsylvania, VA.

Stafford County. 2014. Stafford County Virginia Comprehensive Plan 2010-2030. Stafford, VA.

State Corporation Commission. 2016. SCC Approves Construction of 340 MW Electric Generating Facility In Hanover County. News Release. June 3, 2016.

Taube, Richard K. and Virginia Railway Express (VRE). 2008. Chronology of the Virginia Railway Express: 1964 to Present. Alexandria, VA. August 11, 2008. 56 pages.

12-11 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

The Nature Conservancy (TNC). 2014. Northeastern Terrestrial Habitat Classification System (NETHCS) Regional Habitat Cover Maps. http://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationByGeography/ NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/edc/reportsdata/terrestrial/habitatmap/Pages/default.as px. November 16, 2014.

2015. Chesapeake Fish Passage Prioritization. Online mapping of anadromous fish locations and dams blocking passage. http://maps.tnc.org/EROF_ChesapeakeFPP/. Accessed February 2015.

Town of Ashland. 2011. Town of Ashland Comprehensive Plan 2011-2012. Ashland, VA.

Transportation Research Board (TRB). 2002. Desk Reference for Estimating the Indirect Effects of Proposed Transportation Projects. NCHRP Report 466. National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Washington, D.C.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2010. Navigable Waters of the United States (Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act). Norfolk District, VA. 2010. http://www.nao.usace.army.mil/technical%20services/ Regulatory %20branch/Guidance/section_10_determinations.pdf. Accessed October 30, 2014.

United States Census Bureau. 1991. 1990 United States Decennial Census. Washington, D.C.

2001. 2000 United States Decennial Census. Washington, D.C.

2011. 2010 United States Decennial Census. Washington, D.C.

2014. American Community Survey 2009-2013. Washington, D.C.

United States Code 1966. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Section 106. 36 CFR 800.

1966. United States Department of Transportation Act of 1966. Section 4(f). 23 CFR 138.

1970. Rail Passenger Service Act (RPSA) of 1970. Title 49–Compensation for Freight Railroads to accommodate passenger service over their tracks.

1990. Clean Air Act and Clean Air Act Amendments National Air Quality Standards. 40 CFR Part 50.

1994. “Federal Action to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low- Income Populations.” Executive Order 12898. February 11, 1994.

12-12 REFERENCES

2000. “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency.” Executive Order 13166. August 11, 2000.

2005. Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Section 6009(a). Pub. L. 109-59.

2008. Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) of 2008. Section 208–Improving Metrics and Standards for Measuring Performance and Service Quality.

2008. Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) of 2008. Section 209–Cost Methodology Policy.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2004. About the Lower Rappahannock Watershed. ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/VA/ Programs/CSP/CSP05_Mattaponi_Facts.pdf. No date. Accessed March 2015. Posted December 9, 2004.

2004. About the Mattaponi Watershed. ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/VA/Programs/ CSP/CSP05_Mattaponi_Facts.pdf. No date. Accessed March 2015. Posted December 9, 2004.

2014. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) download site, part of a larger SSURGO database. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. Available online at http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/. Dated from 2014. Accessed January 2016.

2015. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). GIS data. Downloaded May 2015.

United States Department of the Interior (DOI). 2014. Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service (NPS), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), United States Forest Service. National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. http://www.rivers.gov/map.php. Accessed November 6, 2014.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1999. Consideration of Cumulative Impacts in EPA Review of NEPA Documents. Washington, D.C. 1999.

2008. “Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks,” released October 2008. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/420f08024.pdf.

2008. “Idling Vehicle Emissions for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Heavy-Duty Trucks,” released October 2008. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/420f08025.pdf.

2009. “Technical Highlights: Emission Factors for Locomotives USEPA-420-F-09-025,” released April 2009. http://www3.epa.gov/nonroad/locomotv/420f09025.pdf.

12-13 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2010. “Conversion Factors for Hydrocarbon Emission Components,” created July, 2010. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/models/nonrdmdl/nonrdmdl2010/420r10015.pdf.

2013. “EPA Issues Transportation Conformity Guidance for Quantitative Hot-Spot Analyses in PM2.5 and PM10 Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas,” created November 2013. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/stateresources/transconf/policy/420f13049.pdf.

2014. “MOVES2014,” created 2014. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/.

2014. US EPA Brownfields. Updated by VDOT GIS February 2014.

2014. US EPA Superfund: Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liability Information System (CERCLIS). Updated by VDOT GIS February 2014.

2014. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Information System (RCRA). Updated by VDOT GIS February 2014.

2014. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) System. Updated by VDOT GIS February 2014.

2014. “Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle,” created May 2014. http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420f14040a.pdf.

2014. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/ index.cfm. Accessed March 18, 2015. Last updated on Wednesday, July 30, 2014.

2015. US EPA Greenhouse Gas Emissions website. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions. Accessed October 2015.

2015. Fast Facts, U.S. Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1990–2013, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-F-15-032. October 2015.

Nd. Designated Sole Source Aquifers in EPA Region III–District of Columbia, , Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, . http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/ sourcewater/sourcewater.cfm?action=Publications&view=all. Accessed November 14, 2014.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1991. Harperella Recovery Plan. March 5, 1991. Maryland Natural Heritage for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5. Newton Corner, MA. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/910305b.pdf.

1991. Swamp Pink (Helonias bullata) Recovery Plan. September 30, 1991. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5. Newton Corner, MA. http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML0719/ML071980107.pdf.

1992. Small Whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) Recovery Plan–First Revision. November 13, 1992. New England Field Office, Concord, NH. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/921113b.pdf.

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1993. Dwarf Wedge Mussel Recovery Plan. February 8, 1993. Annapolis Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/dwm%20recovery%20plan.pdf.

2007. National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines. https://www.fws.gov/northeast/ ecologicalservices/pdf/NationalBaldEagleManagementGuidelines.pdf. May 2007.

2010. Wild and Scenic Study Rivers. http://www.rivers.gov/study.html. Last updated May 16, 2010.

2011. Sensitive Joint-vetch (Aeschynomene virginica). July 26, 2011. Raleigh Ecological Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Raleigh, NC. http://www.fws.gov/raleigh/species/es_sensitive_joint-vetch.html.

2013. Featherstone National Wildlife Refuge. http://www.fws.gov/refuge/featherstone/. Accessed December 10, 2014. Last updated June 21, 2013.

2013. Virginia Ecological Services, Project Reviews in Virginia–Step 6B–Eagle Concentration Areas. http://www.arcgis.com/explorer/?open=8fa548ea54f543a2b2dbe9c9853a81d1. Last updated February 12, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2014.

2014. ECOS (Environmental Conservation Online System)–Species Profile: Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa), Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), Green Floater (Lasmigona subviridis), Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum), New Jersey Rush (Juncus caesariensis), Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Sensitive Joint-vetch (Aeschynome virginica), Small Whorled Pogonia (Isotria medeoloides), Swamp-pink (Helonias bullata), Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta). http://ecos.fws.gov/ecos/home.action#. Accessed December 2014 and January 2015.

2014. Virginia Ecological Services, Project Reviews in Virginia–Step 5–Critical Habitat. http://www.fws.gov/northeast/virginiafield/endangered/projectreviews_step5.html. Last updated July 8, 2014. Accessed October 16, 2014.

2014. Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge. http://www.fws.gov/refuge/occoquan_bay/. Accessed December 10, 2014. Last updated October 23, 2014.

2014. Trust Resource List. Online Endangered Species Act species list for your project area, represented by the Virginia Ecological Services Field Office, Gloucester, VA. http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/wizard/trustResourceList!prepare.action. Accessed October 14, 2014.

2015. National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) GIS mapping. http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/NWI/Index.html. Last updated May 25, 2016.

2015. Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) Fact Sheet. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/mammals/nlba/pdf/ NLBAFactSheetJanuary2015.pdf.

12-15 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2016. Official Species List. Consultation Codes: Seg 01: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0203 (10-19-2015), Seg 02: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0204 (10-19-2015), Seg 03: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0111 (10-08- 2015), Seg 04: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0108 (10-08-2015), Seg 05: 05E2VA00-2015-SLI-1199 (03-10-2015), Seg 06: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0112 (10-08-2015), Seg 07: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI- 0415 (11-5-2015), Seg 08: 05E2VA00-2015-SLI-1202 (03-10-2015), Seg 09: 05E2VA00-2015- SLI-1203(03-10-2015), Seg 10: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0416 (11-5-2015), Seg 11: 05E2VA00- 2016-SLI-0417 (11-5-2015), Seg 12: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-0418 (11-5-2015), Seg 13: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1004 (01-04-2016), Seg 14: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1009 (01-04-2016), Seg 15: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1416 (02-11-2016), Seg 16: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1417 (02-11-2016), Seg 17: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1960 (03-22-2016), Seg 18: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1961 (03-22- 2016), Seg 19: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1962 (03-22-2016), Seg 20: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-1963 (03-22-2016), Seg 21: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI-2750 (05-24-2016), Seg 22: 05E2VA00-2016-SLI- 2752 (05-24-2016). Virginia Ecological Services Field Office 6669 Short Lane, Gloucester, VA 23061. March 03, 2015–May 24, 2016.

2016. Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS)–Species Profile: Indiana bat (Myotis sodalist). http://ecos.fws.gov/ecos/home.action#. Accessed September 5, 2016.

United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2015. The National Map–Hydrography (Hydrography Viewer). United States Department of the Interior. http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/nhd.html?p=nhd. Accessed March 2015.

United States Surface Transportation Board. 1998. Final EIS for the Acquisition of Conrail by Norfolk Southern Railroad and CSX Railroad. Washington, D.C.

Van Gosen, Bradley S. 2006. Reported Historic Asbestos Mines, Historic Asbestos Prospects, and Natural Asbestos Occurrences in the Eastern United States (map). U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005–1189, 1 plate. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1189/. Accessed November 3, 2016.Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program (VCZMP). 2015. Virginia Coastal Geospatial and Educational Mapping System (GEMS). http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/CoastalZoneManagement/CoastalGEMSGeos CoastalGEM.aspx. Accessed May 2015.

Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VDCR). 2011. Virginia Scenic Rivers and Desirable and Potential River Components, 2011. http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/recreational_planning/srfaq.shtml. Accessed November 6, 2014. 2011.

2013. Virginia’s Scenic Rivers. http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/recreational_planning/ srfaq.shtml. Accessed November 6, 2014. November 7, 2014.

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2014. Natural Heritage Database Search–Subwatershed Query–020700100103-Potomac River (MD)-Pimmit Run-PL24, 020700100301-Potomac River (MD)-Fourmile Run-PL25, 020700100302-Cameron Run-PL26 , 020400100402-Accotink Creek-Gunston Cove-PL30, 020700100401-PohickCreek-PL29, 020700100803- Potomac River-Occoquan Bay-PL50, 020700100805- (Lower) Occoquan River-Belmont Bay-PL48, 020700100804-Neabsco Creek-PL49, 020700110103-Powells Creek-PL51, 020700110106-Potomac River-Tank Creek-PL54, 020700110104-Quantico Creek-PL52, 020700110105-Chopawamsic Creek - PL53, 020700110203-(Lower) Aquia Creek-Austin Run-PL57, 020700110204-Accokeek Creek-PL58, 020700110206-Potomac Creek-Beaverdam-Creek PL60, 020801040102- Rappahannock River-Hazel Run-Claiborne Run-RA46, 020801040103-Massaponax Creek-RA47, 020801050105-Poni River-YO42, 020801050205-Campbell Creek-Mattaponi River-YO47, 020801050301-Polecat Creek-YO48, 020801050302-Reedy Creek-YO49, 020801060803-Long Creek-North Anna River-YO26, 020801060702-Lower LittleRiver- YO25, 020801060304-Cedar Creek-South Anna River-YO11, 020801060901-Mechumps Creek-Pamunkey River-YO27, 020802060402-Stony Run-Chickahominy River-JL17, 020802060403-Upham Brook-JL18, 020802060101-Almond Creek--JL01, 020802060102-Falling Creek-JL02, 020802060103-Proctors Creek-James River-JL03, 020802050607-Little Westham Creek-James River-JM86, 020802060101-Almond Creek- James River-JL01, 020802060102-Falling Creek-JL02, 020802060503-White Oak Swamp- JL21, 020801060902-Crump Creek-YO28, 020801060904-Totopotomoy Creek-YO30, 020802060501-Powhite Creek-Chickahominy River-JL19. http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/dbsearchtool.shtml. Online search conducted October 23, 2014.

2014. Virginia Wetlands Catalog: An Inventory of Wetlands and Potential Wetlands with Prioritization Summaries for Conservation and Restoration Purposes by Parcel, Subwatershed, and Wetland Boundaries. Natural Heritage Technical Report 14-4 Weber, J. T. and J. F. Bulluck. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. Richmond, VA.

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12-17 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2014. Exceptional State Waters (Tier III). http://www.deq.virginia.gov/Programs/Water/ WaterQualityInformationTMDLs/WaterQualityStandards/ExceptionalStateWaters(Tier III).aspx. Accessed November 13, 2014.

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2015. Virginia Environmental Geographic Information Systems (VEGIS). Waters identified as impaired 305(b)/303(d) Water Quality Assessment–Draft 2014. GIS Layer: http://www.deq.virginia.gov/mapper_ext/default.aspx?service=public/draft_2014_ad b_anyuse#. Accessed March 2015.

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2014. Virginia Fish and Wildlife Information Services (VaFWIS) Species Information Report (Occurrence, Habitat)–Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), Appalachian Springsnail (Fontigens bottimeri), Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Barking Treefrog (Hyla gratiosa), Blue back Herring (Alosa aestivalis), Brook Floater (Alasmidonta varicosa), Dwarf Wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), Green Floater (Lasmigona subviridis), Northern

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Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Peregrine Falcon (Falco Peregrinus), Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), Virginia Piedmont Water Boatman (Sigara depressa), Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta). http://www.vafwis.org/fwis/?Menu=Home.__By+Name. Accessed October 22, 2014.

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2015. Webless Migratory Gamebirds. http://www.dgif.virginia.gov/hunting/regulations/webless-migratory-gamebirds.asp. Accessed March 26, 2015.

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2016. Online GIS–Abandoned Coal Mine Lands and Reclamation, Division of Energy, Division of Oil and Gas, Department of Mines, Division of Mines Land Reclamation, Division of Geology and Mineral Resources, Division of Mineral Mining, Virginia Gas and Oil Board. https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/webmaps/. Accessed January 6, 2016.

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2008 Urban Crescent Corridor Intercity Passenger Rail–Design Report. Richmond, VA. July 24, 2008. 69 pages.

12-19 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

2009. Passenger Rail Improvements Utilizing CSX’s I-95 Rail Corridor Synthesis Report. Richmond, VA. September 14, 2009. 51 pages.

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2013. 2013 Virginia Statewide Rail Plan. Richmond, VA. November 2013. 172 pages.

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2015. Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail Project Scoping Summary Report. Richmond, VA. Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. 1981. Survey Form: Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad. Prince William County. File No. 76-301. Negative no(s). 5176. May 2015. 5 pages.

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2015. Community Profile: Caroline County. Richmond, VA.

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12-21 TIER II DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

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