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Abseil: Descent of a Rope. Active Cave / Streamway: Cave Passage with a Flowing Stream
Caving terms (more detailed) Abseil: Descent of a rope. Active cave / streamway: Cave passage with a flowing stream. Aven: A vertical shaft as seen from below. Bed: Horizontal band of limestone. Bedding plane: Weakness or gap between beds. Belay: A fixed point to attach rope. Also describes the act of controlling a rope attached to another caver to prevent a fall. Boulder choke: Fallen rocks obscuring a passage. Calcite: A form of calcium carbonate that is the main mineral from which cave formations are made. Cavern: A very large cave chamber. Crawl: A cave passage with a low roof that necessitates crawling. Curtain: A sheet-shaped stalactite. Decorations: Another term for cave formations. Duck: Place where the cave roof almost reaches a water surface. Flowstone: Calcite formations resembling a frozen waterfall. Formations: Features such as stalactites and stalagmites formed by the deposition of calcite. Also called speleothems. Helictites: Stalactites that grow in convoluted shapes Jumar: A device used to ascend a rope. Also termed an ascender. Karst: A descriptive term for typical limestone landscapes. Pitch: A vertical shaft requiring a ladder or rope to descend. Pothole: A vertical cave. Rift: A cave passage formed at a fault. Shakehole: A surface depression resulting from the collapse of soil and rock. underneath. May indicate the presence of a cave beneath. Shaft: A vertical cave pitch. A shaft that opens to the ground surface is also called a pothole. Sink / Swallow hole / Swallet: Where surface water enters the ground. Speleothem: Another term for a cave formation such as a stalactite. SRT: Abbreviation for Single Rope Technique where a caver uses a rope to access vertical pitches in a cave rather than a wire ladder. -
Journal of Archaeological Science 90 (2018) 71E91
Journal of Archaeological Science 90 (2018) 71e91 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Bears and humans, a Neanderthal tale. Reconstructing uncommon behaviors from zooarchaeological evidence in southern Europe Matteo Romandini a, b, Gabriele Terlato b, c, Nicola Nannini b, d, Antonio Tagliacozzo e, * Stefano Benazzi a, b, Marco Peresani b, a Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Universita di Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy b Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, Ferrara, Italy c Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain d MuSe - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, IT 38123, Trento, Italy e Polo Museale del Lazio, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, I-00144 Rome, Italy article info abstract Article history: Cave bear (Ursus spelaeus), brown bear (Ursus arctos), and Neanderthals were potential competitors for Received 6 January 2017 environmental resources (shelters and food) in Europe. In order to reinforce this view and contribute to Received in revised form the ongoing debate on late Neanderthal behavior, we present evidence from zooarchaeological and 7 November 2017 taphonomic analyses of bear bone remains discovered at Rio Secco Cave and Fumane Cave in northeast Accepted -
Cave Diving in the Northern Pennines
CAVE DIVING IN THE NORTHERN PENNINES By M.A.MELVIN Reprinted from – The proceedings of the British Speleological Association – No.4. 1966 BRITISH SPELEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SETTLE, YORKS. CAVE DIVING IN THE NORTHERN PENNINES By Mick Melvin In this paper I have endeavoured to trace the history and development of cave diving in the Northern Pennines. My prime object has been to convey to the reader a reasonable understanding of the motives of the cave diver and a concise account of the work done in this particular area. It frequently occurs that the exploration of a cave is terminated by reason of the cave passage becoming submerged below water (A sump) and in many cases the sink or resurgence for the water will be found to be some distance away, and in some instances a considerable difference in levels will be present. Fine examples of this occurrence can be found in the Goyden Pot, Nidd Head's drainage system in Nidderdale, and again in the Alum Pot - Turn Dub, drainage in Ribblesdale. It was these postulated cave systems and the success of his dives in Swildons Hole, Somerset, that first brought Graham Balcombe to the large resurgence of Keld Head in Kingsdale in 1944. In a series of dives carried out between August 1944 and June 1945, Balcombe penetrated this rising for a distance of over 200 ft. and during the course of the dive entered at one point a completely waterbound chamber containing some stalactites about 5' long, but with no way on above water level. It is interesting to note that in these early cave dives in Yorkshire the diver carried a 4' probe to which was attached a line reel, a compass, and his lamp which was of the miners' type, and attached to the end of the probe was a tassle of white tape which was intended for use as a current detector. -
High Resolution Microclimate Study of Hollow Ridge Cave
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 High Resolution Microclimate Study of Hollow Ridge Cave: Relationships Between Cave Meteorology, Air Chemistry, and Hydrology and the Impact on Speleothem Deposition Andrew Kowalczk Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES HIGH RESOLUTION MICROCLIMATE STUDY OF HOLLOW RIDGE CAVE: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAVE METEOROLOGY, AIR CHEMISTRY, AND HYDROLOGY AND THE IMPACT ON SPELEOTHEM DEPOSITION By ANDREW KOWALCZK A Thesis submitted to the Department of Oceanography in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Andrew Kowalczk All Rights Reserved The members of the committee approve the thesis of Andrew Kowalczk defended on October 12, 2009. __________________________________ Philip N Froelich Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Yang Wang Committee Member __________________________________ Doron Nof Committee Member __________________________________ Tom Scott Committee Member __________________________________ Bill Burnett Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________ William Dewar, Chair, Oceanography The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank Nicole Tibbitts, Sammbuddha Misra, Ricky Peterson, Darrel Tremaine, Dr. Bill Burnett, Dr. Tom Scott, and Allen Mosler for editorial comments. The author would like to thank Darrel Tremaine, Craig Gaffka, Brian Kilgore, and Allen Mosler for assistance with field sampling. The author would like to thank Nicole Tibbitts, Sammbuddha Misra, Ricky Peterson, Natasha Dimova, Claire Langford, Dr. Michael Bizimus, Dr. Yang Wang, Dr. Yingfeng Xu, and Dr. Jeff Chanton for assistance in sample analyses and interpretation. -
Cave Diving in Southeastern Pennsylvania
The Underground Movement Volume 13, Number 11 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA November 2013 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA An Historical, Cultural, and Speleological Perspective of Bucks County — Danny A. Brass — Large portions of central and southern Pennsylvania are ipants than dry caving, cave diving still remains a global underlain by carbonate bedrock (primarily limestone and activity. Worldwide, a variety of cave-diving organiza- dolomite, but with smaller amounts of marble as well). tions can be found in areas rich in underwater caves. Ma- Over the course of geologic time, much of this bedrock jor cave-diving sites include the cenotes and tidal blue- has been exposed by gradual erosion of the overburden. holes of the Bahamas and Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, In combination with the abrasive activity of water-borne the vast underground rivers of Australia’s Nullarbor Plain sediments, the relentless action of weak acids (i.e., chemi- and the sinkholes of its unique Mt. Gambier region, the cal dissolution by acidic groundwater) on soluble car- sumps of Great Britain, and the rich concentration of bonate deposits, especially limestone, is a self- springs in Florida. Diving conditions vary greatly from accelerating process that has led to the development of one region to another. This is reflected in the many differ- broad areas of karst topography. A variety of surface and ences in training procedures, required equipment, under- subsurface geological features are characteristically asso- water protocols, and even diving philosophies, all of ciated with karstification; the presence of large numbers which have evolved in association with local diving con- of solution caves and sinkholes is common. -
The Neandertal Bone Industry at Chagyrskaya Cave, Altai Region
The Neandertal bone industry at Chagyrskaya cave, Altai Region, Russia Malvina Baumann, Hugues Plisson, William Rendu, Serge Maury, Kseniya Kolobova, Andrey Krivoshapkin To cite this version: Malvina Baumann, Hugues Plisson, William Rendu, Serge Maury, Kseniya Kolobova, et al.. The Neandertal bone industry at Chagyrskaya cave, Altai Region, Russia. Quaternary International, Elsevier, 2020, 559, pp.68-88. 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.019. hal-03034784 HAL Id: hal-03034784 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03034784 Submitted on 1 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Title 2 3 The Neandertal bone industry at Chagyrskaya cave, Altai Region, Russia 4 5 Authors 6 7 Malvina Baumann – PhD in Prehistory, Ethnology and Anthropology, Postdoctoral researcher, 8 Bordeaux University, UMR 5199, PACEA laboratory, Bat. B18, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire CS 50023, 9 33615 Pessac cedex, France. E-mail: [email protected], tel.: +33 6 15 12 47 39, ORCID: 10 000-0002-7706-3013 11 12 Hugues Plisson – PhD in Prehistory, Ethnology and Anthropology, Researcher, CNRS, Bordeaux 13 University, UMR 5199, PACEA laboratory, Bat. B18, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire CS 50023, 33615 14 Pessac cedex, France. -
Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
September 2019 Volume 81, Number 3 JOURNAL OF ISSN 1090-6924 A Publication of the National CAVE AND KARST Speleological Society STUDIES DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, EXPLORATION, AND CONSERVATION Published By BOARD OF EDITORS The National Speleological Society Anthropology George Crothers http://caves.org/pub/journal University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Office [email protected] 6001 Pulaski Pike NW Huntsville, AL 35810 USA Conservation-Life Sciences Julian J. Lewis & Salisa L. Lewis Tel:256-852-1300 Lewis & Associates, LLC. [email protected] Borden, IN [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Earth Sciences Benjamin Schwartz Malcolm S. Field Texas State University National Center of Environmental San Marcos, TX Assessment (8623P) [email protected] Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Leslie A. North 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY Washington, DC 20460-0001 [email protected] 703-347-8601 Voice 703-347-8692 Fax [email protected] Mario Parise University Aldo Moro Production Editor Bari, Italy [email protected] Scott A. Engel Knoxville, TN Carol Wicks 225-281-3914 Louisiana State University [email protected] Baton Rouge, LA [email protected] Journal Copy Editor Exploration Linda Starr Paul Burger Albuquerque, NM National Park Service Eagle River, Alaska [email protected] Microbiology Kathleen H. Lavoie State University of New York Plattsburgh, NY [email protected] Paleontology Greg McDonald National Park Service Fort Collins, CO The Journal of Cave and Karst Studies , ISSN 1090-6924, CPM [email protected] Number #40065056, is a multi-disciplinary, refereed journal pub- lished four times a year by the National Speleological Society. -
The Role of the Dungeon Master
06_783307 ch01.qxp 3/16/06 8:40 PM Page 9 Chapter 1 The Role of the Dungeon Master In This Chapter ᮣ Discovering the role of the Dungeon Master ᮣ Finding what you need to play D&D ᮣ Exploring the many expressions of Dungeon Mastering ᮣ Understanding the goals of Dungeon Mastering ou know what DUNGEONS & DRAGONS is. It’s the original roleplaying game, Ythe game that inspired not only a host of other roleplaying games, but most computer roleplaying games as well. A roleplaying game allows players to take on the roles of characters in a story of their own creation. Part improvisation, part wargame, the D&D game provides a wholly unique and unequalled experience. For a game such as D&D to work, one of the players in a group must take on a fun, exciting, creative, and extremely rewarding role — the role of Dungeon Master. Thanks to the presence of a Dungeon Master (DM), a D&D game can be more interactive than any computer game, more open-ended than any novel or movie. Using a fantastic world of medieval technology, magic, and monsters as a backdrop, the DM has the power of the game mechanics and the imagi- nation of all the players to work with. Whatever anyone can imagine can come to life in the game, thanks to the robust set of rules that are the heart of the D&D game. The rules and imagination can take your game only so far, however. The heights your game can reach and the fun you can have with it depend onCOPYRIGHTED the creativity and involvement MATERIAL of the Dungeon Master. -
Beneath the Forest, Fall 2012 Internal Version
Volume 5, Issue 2 Fall 2012 “Beneath the Forest" is a biannual newsletter published by the Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Edited by Johanna L. Kovarik, Minerals and Geology Management Centralized National Operations Inside this Issue…and more Page Cave Management vs. Karst Management on the Washington and Jefferson National Forests 3 Impacts of Cave Closures on National Forests 8 The Indiana Bat Adaptive Management Project on the Ozark and St. Francis National Forests 9 Partnership Between Mark Twain National Forest and Ozark Operations of the Cave Research Foundation 12 The Longest Cave in Louisiana: Wolf/ Wolfbear Cave Remapped 16 Beneath the Forest 1 Editor’s Notes: CAVE AND KARST ALENDAR OF VENTS The focus of Beneath the Forest this fall is Region 8, C E our southern region. I would chiefly like to thank ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Michael Crump, the regional hydrologist, for working to gather articles and photos from his region for this issue. I would also like to thank all the contributors to this issue Forest Service Caves INFRA Training Module as well as Melody Holm for assistance, support, and edit- Friday November 9th, 2012 ing. Thanks go to Sonja Beavers in the national Office of 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM ET and Communication for assistance with creating the external version of this newsletter. 4:00 PM - 5:00 PM ET For more information, see page 15 The original issue was published internally in November of 2012. Our next issue will be the spring issue in May of 2013, featuring Region 4. Articles for the Spring 2013 —————————————————— issue are due a on April 1st, 2013, in order for the issue to be out in May 2013. -
Castillo De San Marcos Fort Matanzas
administrative history CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS FORT MATANZAS NATIONAL MONUMENTS/FLORIDA ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS NATIONAL MONUMENT AND FORT MATANZAS NATIONAL MONUMENT by Jere L. Krakow July 1986 United States Department of the Interior / National Park Service CONTENTS Acknowledgements / v Chapter 1: War Department Administration, 1866-1914 / 1 Preservation Sentiment / 1 Growth of Tourism-Castillo / 4 Indian Incarceration / 6 ' Maintenance And Preservation / 7 Budget And Designated Appropriation / 8 Concern For Fort Matanzas / 9 Chapter 2: War Department Administration, 1914-1933 / 13 Government Initiatives / 13 First License-St. Augustine Historical Society / 14 Caretakers Brown And Davis / 16 Commercialization / 18 Surplus Forts / 21 Stabilize And Restore Fort Matanzas / 22 Declared National Monuments / 23 Quartermaster Department Management / 24 Management Controversy / 28 Competition For License, 1928 / 31 Final License, 1933 / 36 Chapter 3: The National Park Service: Administration 39 Tenure Begins / 39 Kahler Administration / 39 Freeland Administration / 51 Vinten Administration / 52 Roberts Administration / 59 Davenport Administration / 61 Schesventer Administration / 63 Aikens Administration / 65 Griffin Administration / 67 Chapter 4: The National Park Service: Programs and Relations / 69 Interpretation / 69 Special Events And Visitors / 79 Research / 83 History / 83 Archeology / 88 Natural Resources / 91 Race Relations / 91 Chapter 5: The National Park Service: Problems And Prospects / 95 Appendices / 101 A: Proclamation by President Calvin Coolidge Declaring National Monument, October 15, 1924: Fort Marion, Fort Matanzas / 102 iii B: Executive Order No. 6228: National Monuments to Be Administered by the National Park Service, July 28, 1933 / 101 C: Name Change: Fort Marion to Castillo de San Marcos, June 5, 1942 / 107 D: License to St. -
Dietary and Behavioral Strategies Of
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2011 Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis Kristin Lynn Krueger University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Krueger, Kristin Lynn, "Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 92. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/92 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology By Kristin L. Krueger University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Anthropology, 2003 University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Spanish, 2003 Western Michigan University Master of Arts in Anthropology, 2006 May 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT The extreme gross wear of Neandertal anterior teeth has been a topic of debate for decades. Several ideas have been proposed, including the excessive mastication of grit- laden foods and non-dietary anterior tooth use, or using the anterior dentition as a clamp or tool. -
Međunarodni Znanstveno-Stručni Skup „Čovjek I Krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst”
Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Čovjek i krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst” 13. – 16. 10. 2011. Bijakovići, Međugorje KNJIGA SAŽETAKA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS POKROVITELJ SKUPA: PREDSJEDNIK FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE, GOSPODIN ŽIVKO BUDIMIR SPONSOR OF THE CONFERENCE: PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, MR. ŽIVKO BUDIMIR Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup „Čovjek i krš“ International Scientific Symposium “Man and Karst” 13. – 16. 10. 2011. Bijakovići, Međugorje KNJIGA SAŽETAKA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Sarajevo – Međugorje, 2011. Centar za krš i speleologiju Sarajevo / Centre for karst and speleology, Sarajevo i / and Fakultet društvenih znanosti Dr. Milenka Brkića, Bijakovići, Međugorje / Faculty of social sciences Dr. Milenko Brkć, Bijakovići, Međugorje Međunarodni znanstveno-stručni skup / International scientific symposium „Čovjek i krš“ / „ Man and Karst“ KNJIGA SAŽETAKA / THE BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Znanstveno-stručni odbor / Scientific committee Darko Bakšić (HR) Ognjen Bonacci (HR) Vlado Božić (HR) Jelena Ćalić (RS) Andrej Kranjc (SI) Alen Lepirica (BA) Ivo Lučić (BA i HR) Andrej Mihevc (SI) Petar Milanović (RS) Jasminko Mulaomerović (BA) Mićko Radulović (ME) Boris Sket (SI) Radislav Tošić (BA) Organizacijski odbor / Organizing committee Admir Barjaktarović Tanja Bašagić Marko Antonio Brkić Jelena Kuzman Katica Andrija Lučić Simone Milanolo Jasmin Pašić Glavni urednici / Editors-in-chief Ivo Lučić Jasminko Mulaomerović Štampa / Print TDP Sarajevo Tiraž / Circulation 100 primjeraka / 100 copies Sveučilište/Univerzitet