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AMERICA's ANNEXATION of HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE
A LUSCIOUS FRUIT: AMERICA’S ANNEXATION OF HAWAII by BECKY L. BRUCE HOWARD JONES, COMMITTEE CHAIR JOSEPH A. FRY KARI FREDERICKSON LISA LIDQUIST-DORR STEVEN BUNKER A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2012 Copyright Becky L. Bruce 2012 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that the annexation of Hawaii was not the result of an aggressive move by the United States to gain coaling stations or foreign markets, nor was it a means of preempting other foreign nations from acquiring the island or mending a psychic wound in the United States. Rather, the acquisition was the result of a seventy-year relationship brokered by Americans living on the islands and entered into by two nations attempting to find their place in the international system. Foreign policy decisions by both nations led to an increasingly dependent relationship linking Hawaii’s stability to the U.S. economy and the United States’ world power status to its access to Hawaiian ports. Analysis of this seventy-year relationship changed over time as the two nations evolved within the world system. In an attempt to maintain independence, the Hawaiian monarchy had introduced a westernized political and economic system to the islands to gain international recognition as a nation-state. This new system created a highly partisan atmosphere between natives and foreign residents who overthrew the monarchy to preserve their personal status against a rising native political challenge. These men then applied for annexation to the United States, forcing Washington to confront the final obstacle in its rise to first-tier status: its own reluctance to assume the burdens and responsibilities of an imperial policy abroad. -
The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson Walter Murray Gibson the Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson HAWAII’S MINISTER of EVERYTHING
The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson Walter Murray Gibson The Fantastic Life of Walter Murray Gibson HAWAII’S MINISTER OF EVERYTHING JACOB ADLER and ROBERT M. KAMINS Open Access edition funded by the National En- dowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Inter- national (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non- commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/li- censes/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Creative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copy- righted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824883669 (PDF) 9780824883676 (EPUB) This version created: 5 September, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1986 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED For Thelma C. Adler and Shirley R. Kamins In Phaethon’s Chariot … HAETHON, mortal child of the Sun God, was not believed by his Pcompanions when he boasted of his supernal origin. He en- treated Helios to acknowledge him by allowing him to drive the fiery chariot of the Sun across the sky. Against his better judg- ment, the father was persuaded. The boy proudly mounted the solar car, grasped the reins, and set the mighty horses leaping up into the eastern heavens. For a few ecstatic moments Phaethon was the Lord of the Sky. -
A Murder, a Trial, a Hanging: the Kapea Case of 1897–1898
esther k. arinaga & caroline a. garrett A Murder, a Trial, a Hanging: The Kapea Case of 1897–1898 Kapea was a 20 year-old Hawaiian man executed by hanging for the murder of Dr. Jared K. Smith of Köloa, Kaua‘i.1 Kapea’s 1897–98 arrest, trial, and execution in the fi nal years of the Republic of Hawai‘i illustrates legal, political, and cultural dynamics which found expres- sion in Hawai‘i’s courts during the critical years preceding Hawai‘i’s annexation to the United States. In 1874 David Kaläkaua succeeded Lunalilo as monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Aware that Native Hawaiians were increasingly dispossessed of their land and were further disenfranchised as disease drastically diminished their numbers, Kaläkaua set out to have his cabinet and legislature controlled by Native Hawaiians. Inevitably, he clashed with the white population, primarily missionary descendants. A duel ensued between a “willful Hawaiian King and a headstrong white opposition.” This was a new “band of righteous men,” who like earlier missionaries, felt it was their moral duty, the white man’s des- tiny, and in their own self-interest to govern and save the natives.2 In 1887 Kaläkaua’s reign began its swift descent. A new constitu- tion, forced upon the King at “bayonet” point, brought changes in Esther Kwon Arinaga is a retired public interest lawyer and has published essays on early women lawyers of Hawai‘i and Korean immigration to the United States. Caroline Axtell Garrett, retired from 40 years in higher education in Hawai‘i, has been publishing poems, essays, and articles since 1972. -
Crisis in Kona
Crisis in Kona Jean Greenwell October 22, 1868. Awful tidings from Kona. The false prophet, Kaona, has killed the sheriff. Entry from the Reverend Lorenzo Lyons' Journal.1 In 1868, the district of Kona, on the island of Hawai'i, made headlines throughout the Kingdom. Some of the many articles that appeared in the newspapers were entitled "The Crazy Prophet of South Kona," "Uprising in Kona," "Insurrection on Hawaii," "The Rebels," "A Religious Fanatic," and "Troubles on Hawaii."2 The person responsible for all this attention was a Hawaiian man named Joseph Kaona. The cult which arose around Kaona typified what is known as "nativistic religion." Ralph S. Kuykendall says: From the 1820's onward there were among the Hawaiians, as among other peoples, occasional examples of what anthropologists call 'nativistic religions,' commonly consisting of some odd form of religious observance or belief under the leadership of a 'prophet' who claimed to be inspired by divine revelation; frequently such religious manifestations combined features of Christianity with old Hawaiian beliefs and customs. .3 Kaona was born and brought up in Kainaliu, Kona on the island of Hawai'i. He received his education at the Hilo Boarding School and graduated from Lahainaluna on Maui.4 In 1851, in the aftermath of King Kamehameha III's great land Mahele, Kaona was employed surveying kuleana (property, titles, claims) in Ka'u, on the island of Hawai'i.5 He also surveyed a few kuleana on O'ahu.6 Later he was employed as a magistrate, both in Honolulu and in Lahaina.7 He was a well-educated native Hawaiian. -
Mormon Beginnings in Samoa: Kimo Pelio, Samuela Manoa and Walter
MORMON BEGINNINGS IN SAMOA: KIMO BELIO, SAMUELA MANOA AND WALTER MURRAY GIBSON by Spencer McBride Imprisoned in a Dutch prison in Malaysia, the young American adventurer Walter Murray Gibson claimed to have received a profound revelation. He writes, “While I lay in a dungeon in the island of Java, a voice said to me, ‘You shall show the way to a people, who shall build up a kingdom in these isles, whose lines of power shall run around the earth.’ My purposes of life were changed from that hour.”1 This, he felt, was confirmation of his previously imbedded ideas that he was indeed destined to create and lead an empire in the islands of the Pacific Ocean. When Gibson’s path crossed those of Kimo Belio, Samuela Manoa and the Mormon Church in Hawaii and Samoa, the results of his imperial mindset would have a significant effect. The arrival of the first “Mormon” missionaries in Samoa, and their 25 year stay in those islands without correspondence or assistance from the church’s headquarters, is a fascinating account worthy of being related in the most complete form possible. The calling of two native Hawaiians to serve such a mission helps to uncover the motivations of the politically ambitious man who had entwined his aspirations for empire with the building up of the Mormon Church. The unauthorized dispatch of Kimo Belio a Manoa to Samoa by Walter Murray Gibson was an attempt to further his own political aspirations by spreading the Mormon faith in the Pacific. However, the resulting missionary service of Belio and Manoa failed to grant Gibson greater political influence, but did successfully lay the foundation of a lasting Mormon presence in Samoa. -
Nathaniel Bright Emerson Papers: Finding Aid
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt6t1nb227 No online items Nathaniel Bright Emerson Papers: Finding Aid Processed by Brooke M. Black. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2129 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org © 2002 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Nathaniel Bright Emerson Papers: mssEMR 1-1323 1 Finding Aid Overview of the Collection Title: Nathaniel Bright Emerson Papers Dates (inclusive): 1766-1944 Bulk dates: 1860-1915 Collection Number: mssEMR 1-1323 Creator: Emerson, Nathaniel Bright, 1839-1915. Extent: 1,887 items. Repository: The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2129 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org Abstract: This collection contains the papers of Hawaiian physician and author Nathaniel Bright Emerson (1839-1915), including a a wide range of material such as research material for his major publications about Hawaiian myths, songs, and history, manuscripts, diaries, notebooks, correspondence, and family papers. The subjects covered in this collection are: Emerson family history; the American Civil War and army hospitals; Hawaiian ethnology and culture; the Hawaiian revolutions of 1893 and 1895; Hawaiian politics; Hawaiian history; Polynesian history; Hawaiian mele; the Hawaiian hula; leprosy and the leper colony on Molokai; and Hawaiian mythology and folklore. Language: English. Access Open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department. For more information, contact Reader Services. Publication Rights The Huntington Library does not require that researchers request permission to quote from or publish images of this material, nor does it charge fees for such activities. -
A Portrait of EMMA KAʻILIKAPUOLONO METCALF
HĀNAU MA KA LOLO, FOR THE BENEFIT OF HER RACE: a portrait of EMMA KAʻILIKAPUOLONO METCALF BECKLEY NAKUINA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HAWAIIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2012 By Jaime Uluwehi Hopkins Thesis Committee: Jonathan Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio, Chairperson Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa Wendell Kekailoa Perry DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Kanalu Young. When I was looking into getting a graduate degree, Kanalu was the graduate student advisor. He remembered me from my undergrad years, which at that point had been nine years earlier. He was open, inviting, and supportive of any idea I tossed at him. We had several more conversations after I joined the program, and every single one left me dizzy. I felt like I had just raced through two dozen different ideas streams in the span of ten minutes, and hoped that at some point I would recognize how many things I had just learned. I told him my thesis idea, and he went above and beyond to help. He also agreed to chair my committee. I was orignally going to write about Pana Oʻahu, the stories behind places on Oʻahu. Kanalu got the Pana Oʻahu (HWST 362) class put back on the schedule for the first time in a few years, and agreed to teach it with me as his assistant. The next summer, we started mapping out a whole new course stream of classes focusing on Pana Oʻahu. But that was his last summer. -
California Supreme Court by Gerald F
WESTERN LEGAL HISTORY THE JOURNAL OF THE NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT HISTORICAL SOCIETY VoLumE 2, NUMBER I WINTER/SPRING 1989 Western Legal Historyis published semi-annually, in spring and fall, by the Ninth judicial Circuit Historical Society, P.O. Box 2558, Pasadena, California 91102-2558, (818) 405-7059. The journal explores, analyzes, and presents the history of law, the legal profession, and the courts - particularly the federal courts - in Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Western Legal History is sent to members of the Society as well as members of affiliated legal historical societies in the Ninth Circuit. Membership is open to all. Membership dues (individuals and institutions): Patron, $1,000 or more; Steward, $750-$999; Sponsor, $500-$749; Grantor, $250-$499; Sustaining, $100-$249; Advocate, $50-$99; Subscribing )non- members of the bench and bar, attorneys in practice fewer than five years, libraries, and academic institutions, $25-$49. Membership dues (law firms and corporations): Founder, $3,000 or more; Patron, $1,000-$2,999 Steward, $750-$999; Sponsor, $500-$749; Grantor, $250-$499. For information regarding membership, back issues of Western Legal History, and other Society publications and programs, please write or telephone. POSTMASTER: Please send change of address to: Western Legal History P.O. Box 2558 Pasadena, California 91102-2558. Western Legal History disclaims responsibility for statements made by authors and for accuracy of footnotes. Copyright 1988 by the Ninth judicial Circuit Historical Society. ISSN 0896-2189. The Editorial Board welcomes unsolicited manuscripts, books for review, reports on research in progress, and recommendations for the journal. -
Hawaii SAR History
THE HAWAll. SOCIETY SONS OF THE I .... AMERICAN REVOLUTION CENTENNIAL HISTORY 1895-1995 ------~---- ,,,,: (This page is blank) • • HAWAII SOCIETY SONS ' OF THE AMERICAN • REVOLUTION ' CENTENNIAL HISTORY • 1895-1995 • Compiled • By Raymond Earl Woodstock HISSAR Historian • June 1995 • • • • • • (This page is blank) • • • • • • • TABLE OF CONTENTS • Title Section ----------------------------------------------- PHOTO OF HISSAR OFFICERS 1995 PHOTO OF RECENT HISSAR PRESIDENTS • NARRATIVE HISTORY A LIST OF OFFICERS B LIST OF MEMBERS: ALPHABETICAL c • BY SAR NUMBER D LIST OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR ANCESTORS: ALPHABETICAL BY HISSAR MEMBER E ALPHABETICAL BY REVOLUTIONARY WAR ANCESTOR E1 • TABLE OF MEMBERS, BY YEAR F CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS G SELECTED ADDRESSES & PROCLAMATIONS: H ADDRESS TO THE NSSAR, DATED MAY 22, 1897 • ADDRESS TO THE HISSAR, DATED APRIL 22, 1926 HISSAR CENTENNIAL DAY, 17 June 1995 LET FREEDOM RING DAY, 4 July 1995 SOURCES OF INFORMATION I • DISTRIBUTION J • • I • • • • • • (This page is blank) • • • • • • THE HAWAII SOCIETY • SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION OFFICERS FOR 1995 • • • WARREN M. YARBROUGH PAUL D. WINTER JOHN M WILLIAMS PRESIDENT VICE-PRESIDENT SECRETARY • & HISTORIAN & TREASURER • RAYMOND E. WOODSTOCK EDWARD L. MciNTOSH WILLIAM G. BURLINGAME • REGISTRAR CHAPLAIN PUBLICITY CHAIRMAN & MEMBERSHIP • • - . ~ '1··- ' ,, ·~ GORDON L. PICKERING ELWIN L. SPRAY EVERETT C. HIGGINS EAGLE SCOUT AWARDS R.O.T.C. AWARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT • CHAIRMAN CHAIRMAN AWARDS CHAIRMAN • • • • • (This page is blank) • • • • • • • • PHOTO OF PAST AND PRESENT PRESIDENTS OF THE • HAWAII SOCIETY SAR • • • • From Left to Right: • M. ROGER MONSARRAT President 1957 RAYMOND EARL WOODSTOCK President 1988-1989 • WARREN MAURICE YARBROUGH President 1993-1995 EDWARD LEE MciNTOSH President 1990 • JAMES OTHO SANDERS President 1987 • • • • • • (This page is blank) • • • • • • • • • • NARRATIVE HISTORY OF THE • HAWAII SOCIETY SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION • • • • • • • • • • (This page is blank) • • • • .. -
The 1873 Election in Hawai'i Between Prince William Charles Lunalilo And
The 1873 Election in Hawai‘i between Prince William Charles Lunalilo and the Other Candidate tiffany ing-tsai While he lay on his deathbed on the morning of December 11, 1872, Lot Kapuāiwa, King Kamehameha V, was called upon to per- form one last duty as mō‘ī (king). Attorney General Stephen H. Phil- lips and Governor John O. Dominis implored Kapuāiwa to name his successor. A few names came up. Bernice Pauahi Bishop refused the title despite the mō‘ī’s insistence, and Kapuāiwa turned down Pau ahi’s recommendations of Ruth Ke‘elikōlani and Queen Emma.1 Unfortunately, Kapuāiwa died before he selected a successor. The Constitution of 1864, the one Kapuāiwa created to replace Kauikeau oli, King Kamehameha III’s 1852 Constitution, mandated that if a sovereign failed to name a successor the next mō‘ī would be decided by legislative vote. Thus, Kapuāiwa’s passing marked a new epoch in Hawai‘i’s history. For the first time, the legislature would decide who would reign as king. This article focuses on that 1873 election as documented by the newspapers printed in Hawai‘i during that time. Mainstream Tiffany Lani Ing Tsai, from Mānoa, O‘ahu has a Ph. D. in English from The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Her dissertation, “Ka Ho‘omālamalama ‘ana i nā Hō‘ailona o ka Mō‘ī Kalākaua a me kona Noho Ali‘i ‘ana: Illuminating the American, International, and Hawai‘i Represen tations of David Kalākaua and his Reign, 1874–1891,” was awarded the 2015 Biography Prize by the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Center for Biographical Research. -
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi
The Color of Nationality: Continuities and Discontinuities of Citizenship in Hawaiʻi A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2014 By WILLY DANIEL KAIPO KAUAI Dissertation Committee: Neal Milner, Chairperson David Keanu Sai Deborah Halbert Charles Lawrence III Melody MacKenzie Puakea Nogelmeier Copyright ii iii Acknowledgements The year before I began my doctoral program there were less than fifty PhD holders in the world that were of aboriginal Hawaiian descent. At the time I didn’t realize the ramifications of such a grimacing statistic in part because I really didn’t understand what a PhD was. None of my family members held such a degree, and I didn’t know any PhD’s while I was growing up. The only doctors I knew were the ones that you go to when you were sick. I learned much later that the “Ph” in “PhD” referred to “philosophy,” which in Greek means “Love of Wisdom.” The Hawaiian equivalent of which, could be “aloha naʻauao.” While many of my family members were not PhD’s in the Greek sense, many of them were experts in the Hawaiian sense. I never had the opportunity to grow up next to a loko iʻa, or a lo’i, but I did grow up amidst paniolo, who knew as much about makai as they did mauka. Their deep knowledge and aloha for their wahi pana represented an unparalleled intellectual capacity for understanding the interdependency between land and life. -
American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory
American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory June 2007 Principal Investigator Dr. Hans Van Tilburg Pacific Islands Regional Office -- Office of National Marine Sanctuaries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The entrance to Pago Pago harbor, one of the best deepwater ports in the South Pacific. (NOAA ONMS) American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory NOAA ONMS 2007 Contents 1. Summary 3 2. Resource Overview 4 A. historic shipwrecks 5 B. historic sunken aircraft 12 C. coastal fortifications 17 D. archaeological sites 23 E. legend and folklore sites 27 F. miscellaneous resources 34 3. Existing Preservation Mandates 41 4. Recommendations 43 5. Appendices 44 A. Inventory Contacts 44 B. Inventory References 47 C. Inventory Maps 53 2 American Samoa Maritime Heritage Inventory NOAA ONMS 2007 1. Summary In June 2007 NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) completed an initial maritime heritage resource document inventory for American Samoa. Maritime heritage resources consist of cultural, archaeological, and historical properties associated with coastal and marine areas and/or seafaring activities and traditions. These resources are a physical record of our past and present relationship to the sea. The inventory, carried out by staff from the ONMS Pacific Islands Regional Office, supports the management plan review process for Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and conservation and preservation efforts in American Samoa. The document inventory process seeks to compile all databases, archival material, and known reports of maritime heritage sites, but does not initiate new diving or remote sensing field surveys. This report is a brief summary of the current inventory findings. Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 1985, is co-administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the American Samoa Department of Commerce.