A SEMIANNUAL NEWSLETTER VOL. 35 · ISSUE 2 · SPRING 2015. La Frontera Association for Borderlands Studies Newsletter

Published by the ABS Secretariat. Design and Coding © Copyright 2015 Highlights of This Issue Editor: Jussi Laine

Message from the ABS Outreach CfP: II World Save the Date ABS Visioning Op-Eds President Mirza Zulfiqur Conference 2018 ABS 2016 European Committee Report This issues features President van der Velde Rahman & Kathleen The Executive Officers Conference: We wish to hear from numerous topical texts. recaps the past year and Staudt report on the and the ABS Board Differences and you before or at the Read what G. Correa- outlines the future ABS India Outreach invite interested Discontinuities in a ABS meeting in Cabrera, S. Sengupta, V. developments for the Workshop on Border institutions to submit ‘Europe without Portland! ABS Konrad, D. Stea & A. association. Studies in Northeast proposals to organize Borders’ 4–7 October Visioning Plenary Chung have to say! India. the next ABS World 2016, Luxembourg. Session: Saturday Page 1 Conference. April 11, 2:45-4:15pm. Pages 14-22 Pages 3-5 Page 7 Page 9 Page 12

meeting. It will surely be the start of another the executive secretary and treasurer and the MESSAGE FROM THE great ABS tradition. During the meeting in Joensuu team. The past year has shown that the PRESIDENT Portland we will discuss the location of the next association is in capable hands. Emmanuel meeting in 2018. Brunet Jailly and his team continue to be of great Dear ABS colleagues, importance as editors of the JBS. And of course Furthermore early March a delegation of ABS- we have to thank all the members of the different Welcome to members together with local participants nominating committees. As these kinds of efforts Portland, “City of gathered in the Northeast of India and Delhi, for are making the association what it is now I would Roses”, brewpubs the first regional ABS-meeting in India. The ABS like to encourage you to consider participating in and good coffee. A has to thank the local organisers, and in these committees or engage actively with the ABS truly nice place to particular Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman and in other ways. hold our yearly Krisnendra Meena, for their efforts to make this a legacy meeting. First success. Like last year I would like to emphasise that the of all we have to future of the ABS is depending very much on For the near future plans are being developed for thank Akihiro involving and engaging students to present and an ABS-meeting in Mexican-Guatemalan border Iwashita for offering be present at the ABS and participate in the work region. And the next ABS-Europe meeting will us another exciting of the association. Please encourage all of your be organized in the fall of 2016 in Luxemburg. program. Yet another students in border studies to get involved in the Slowly the ABS develops into the global player it year we have to say that this might be one of ABS. the best ever meetings. The program is wants to be. As I will pass on the presidency to Akihiro available on the web site. Being the Another important on-going issue is the revision Iwashita during this meeting I would like to wish program-chair and president-elect Akihiro of our bylaws to accommodate the growth of the him all the success he needs for the coming year. will probably point us at some of the ABS both in members as well as geographically. Knowing his engagement with the ABS and outstanding aspects of the program. What I Christopher Brown is chairing the committee border studies, I am sure that the coming year would like to mention already is the plenary dealing that took on this task. He will report on will be another successful one for our session in which we will honour Ellwyn the progress in the Board and Business Meeting Stoddard with the ABS Lifetime organization. Achievement Award. As one of the founders During the meeting and linked to this we will of the ABS he has been instrumental for our also continue our discussion on the future of our With the warmest regards beloved organization and it is great that he association. I would like to invite you all to join will able to join us and share some thoughts the plenary roundtable discussion on Saturday, on the history of the ABS. where amongst other things also the visioning committee headed by Victor Konrad will report This year has been a year of further global on their activities. outreach of the ABS. June last year we gathered in Joensuu and St. Petersburg for the first ever A word of thanks of course has to be extended to ABS-World Meeting. With 450 participants from all executive and board members for their efforts Martin van der Velde, President over 60 countries it has been a true global this year. A special thanks goes to Jussi Laine as

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 1 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

ABS/57th WSSA Annual Conference April 8-11, 2015 - Portland, Oregon

MESSAGE FROM THE breadth and depth of knowledge place where you can enjoy a talk of the ABS over nice food and PROGRAM CHAIR and expertise in the ABS. This on the book “Borders” with its drink. year we have a particularly author, as well as a documentary diverse mix, including panels on Japan’s maritime borders. On Finally, I fully express my and papers drawing out Thursday afternoon, Ellwyn gratitude to the ABS program functional and theoretical Stoddard, Professor Emeritus of Advisory Committee members, innovations that have Sociology and Anthropology at secretaries, and all those who application beyond specific area- the University of Texas El Paso, have supported this meeting. based research. We also maintain will receive an ABS Lifetime Thank you. the rich tradition of the ABS- Achievement Award and will I look forward to seeing you in meeting, with a wealth of in- give a talk on the “The Portland! depth area-studies centered Multidisciplinary ABS: research, including many Reminiscences of a Borderline fascinating papers on the latest Scholar.” On Friday afternoon, a Akihiro Iwashita Dear ABS Colleagues, research from the US-Mexico special panel has been arranged borderlands. In addition, the on Borders, Walls, and President Elect and 2015 ABS We are gathering in Portland for coming meeting involves many Resistance. Saturday afternoon Program Chair the next ABS-meeting and this colleagues from Asia, showing will see us continue the dialogue year our theme is “Border how researchers from further of the ABS Visioning Committee Hokkaido University, Japan Studies and the New World afield are increasingly under Martin van der Velde, (Dis)order: Relating Theories contributing to the next where all ABS members are and Practice.” We have 53 generation of the ABS welcome to join and speak freely. panels confirmed and you can community. All of the members are also already view the program on our encouraged to join three, FREE ABS website: http:// Aside from the regular sessions, receptions (sponsored by the several special and plenary absborderlands.org/studies/ WSSA on Wednesday and annual-meetings/. I invite you to panels have been scheduled. On Saturday, and organized by the browse the program and choose Thursday and Saturday, Brown ABS on Friday), where we will your panel from an impressive Bag lunch meetings will take enjoy discussing the future plans

2 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2) There are Many Indias (and Many Borders): A Call for Collaborations and Comparative Research — Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman & Kathleen Staudt

From March 1-5, 2015, the Institute of Chinese Studies (Delhi) and the Association for Borderlands Studies (ABS) co-sponsored an international workshop in far Northeast India, beginning in Guwahati, Assam, entitled “Living between the Rolling Hills and the High Himalayas: Understanding Borders and Spaces in Northeast India.”

After interactions with presenters on five panels on March 2, the entire group traveled through Shillong in the province of Meghalaya to Dawki, at the border with Tamabil, Bangladesh. The road leading to Dawki is one of the most beautiful hill roads in this part of the world, but as one approaches the border, one can spot hundreds electoral victory of the Bharatya Janata Party oriented temperature taking and surprised of diesel fuming trucks ferrying limestone, (BJP), India’s economic policies have more unannounced disinfection sprayed in coal and boulder stones, a major part of the vigorously embraced neoliberalism than what airplanes before landing in India to the cross-border trade between India and the Congress-led party pushed. Minimum expected hyper-security practices at airplanes Bangladesh. On March 5, participants wages range a ten-fold difference by state from that include universal pat-downs in gender- interacted at two half-day conferences in New the equivalence of US$2 to US$20 per day. separate lines (‘ladies’ and ‘gents’) plus the Delhi: the Centre for Policy Research, usual technological surveillance. Visitors also “Encountering Borders,” and the Centre for India, like the US, seems obsessed with noticed privatized securitization: hotels that International Politics at Jawaharlal Nehru ‘national security.’ Reece Jones (2012), in scanned passports and ran bomb-detection University (JNU), “Border Studies in India.” Border Walls, with comparative perspectives devices under vehicles upon entry; at Many fruitful discussions occurred that will (Israel-Palestine and U.S.-Mexico), analyzes shopping malls, car checks—trunk and hood likely move border theories and empirical India’s fences with various borders. Each —plus metal-detector walk-throughs. Yet studies from Euro- and North American- border offers differing contextual nuances, as ‘street-level bureaucrats’ prevail as well, with centric approaches in the ‘North’ to include we learned from conference presentations. discretion applied based on whimsy or snap ‘South’ Asian perspectives in a more Visiting scholars (like Kathleen) experienced judgments. comprehensive global and comparative border securitization in many forms, from health- studies. Here we analyze some of the insights gained and the opportunities for collaborative research.

The Region, a fixed place in India

India, with the second largest population in the world of 1.3 billion people, hosts an economy with 2014 economic growth rates of 7-8%, far surpassing European and North American rates. Its post-colonial history resonated with non-aligned, soft-socialist rhetoric on domestic policies, though a practice that permitted uneven development and glaring inequalities in class and gender terms. In recent decades, and under the

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Presentation Highlights borderlessness or unfixed borders (Drs Devika image as a “flaming red Chinese dragon.” In Sharma, Nimmi Kurian). Historically, one informal conversations at JNU, we learned We heard scholars say “there are many might characterize the region as “co-existent that many people in Arunachal Pradesh, Indias.” Likewise, we learned about many civilizations” rather than a “clash of despite its historical linguistic ties and borders, not only within India, but also and civilizations” (Dr. Jabin Jacob). Renowned centuries old tribute paid to Tibet, have especially the varying border contexts of political anthropologist James C. Scott embraced India’s nation-building project, India’s northeastern eight state borders with provides historical perspectives on the hill which synchronizes the national with Hindi peoples who resisted state affiliation for long language in their school instruction. In so periods in The Art of Not Being Governed doing, places and people undergo renaming (1999). Dutch scholar and ABS President and local narratives gradually lose their Martin van der Velde discussed the post- meanings. Residents may embrace these border world within European impositions to defend against possible future ‘continentalism’ that aims to level the Chinese incursions. economic differences between both sides. Such Sanjib Baruah’s scholarly analysis (see insights raise questions about territorialism: Durable Disorder… 2005) advances who claims the territory, then who exercises power to control it and how (once constructed by scholars as “nation-

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet), Myanmar (Burma), and Nepal. Northeast India is connected to the rest of mainstream India by a thread-like 22 km (13.6 miles) land corridor, also known as the Chicken’s Neck, thanks to British Judge Radcliffe whose commissioners drew boundaries in 1947 Delhi without much regard for maintaining the integrity of ethnic and linguistic groups. Dr. Sanjeeb Kakoty from IIM Shillong referred to the “illogical understandings of northeastern India’s way borders were drawn” and the “sheer politics, where a “democracy deficit” coexists madness of borders in this part of the world.” with insurgent militias (ethnic and multi- Dr. Yengkhom Jilangamba from TISS ethnic) with an electoral, developmental state Guwahati said, “borders are absolutely and its “two-tiered citizenship’. In half of ridiculous,” with “farmers accused of northeastern states, says Baruah, “the lion’s smuggling their own rice” and a borderline share of public employment, business and post in the middle of a school. We also heard trade licenses, and even the right to contest for presentations on India’s northern and western building”). We also heard about the elected office are reserved for Scheduled Tribes borders (with Pakistan) and the contested entrapment of Bangladeshi people in Bengal. legally considered indigenous to those Kashmir. About the border with Pakistan, Dr. Dr. Uttam Lal from Sikkim University states” (2005: 10). Some people mobilize Krishnendra Meena conducted research with analyzed the nomadic herder Yak people of indigenousness to “claim tribal status,” even farmers whose land was divided by the border. Sikkim, some of whom are trapped in India, advocating the imposition of state border Some needed permits to enter their fields, unable to return to Bhutan or Nepal, because a checks to protect against internal migrants. suffered injuries from land mines, and could border security post controlled the area Nuances like these remind us of internal not irrigate fields at night, among other through a sacred lake (his power point borders of identity and language, or what challenges. Yet in interviews, farmers contained stunning pictures). some of the Europeans referred to as ‘mental acquiesced to everyday barriers and costs, borders.’ India’s physical borders have been actively saying “I love India first.” The tension contested by China, once deemed a menace due The intellectual discussions and exchanges at between trade and security emerged in to its 1962 invasion of the (contested on maps) the conference put multiple issues on our multiple presentations, though the budgetary province of Arunachal Pradesh, which the research maps, hopefully to address in burdens of militarized borders do not seem to Chinese claimed, was part of Southern Tibet collaborative research and partnerships. We generate civil society activism as is more (itself invaded by China). In later decades, the list the following below. common in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. relatively autonomous Yunnan provincial Border theories and typologies: State The conference jolted many participants to re- officials reached out to facilitate cross-border theorizing has frequently been Euro-centric, think the historical theoretical constructions trade, though recently Chinese capital city yet India contains three major world religions that began with Westphalia and colonial officials overwhelmed these regional economic and uses symbolic discourse like the “sacred cartography into broader pre-British initiatives with its re-centralizing Silk Road state” within which sacred rivers, lakes, occupation (1857) fluid, mobile empires of initiative (Jacob), partly aimed to overcome its

4 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

and shrines exist. Parts of India contain provinces in Northeast India towards the In sum, the ICS-ABS-CPR-JNU conference people who historically have not sought shaping of the bilateral transboundary offers a model for collaboration and affiliation with a state. Dr. Akihiro Iwashita water sharing negotiations/responses with comparative border research. As a start, presented illustrious maps of changing, Bangladesh, Bhutan and China with respect thematic journals with co-authored articles expanding maritime borders in Asia. to the river Brahmaputra, and presenting from scholars based in India and Europe the Eastern Himalayan region as an and/or North America would begin to ecological whole, and not divided along disseminate comparative knowledge on sovereign national boundaries. borders. (Those interested should contact [email protected] with a proposed title and Women and gender: Like Scheduled Tribes, abstract by May 1.) the underrepresentation of women in political institutions and higher education **** remains an issue, partly addressed through “deprivation points” and “quotas.” M i r z a Z u l f i q u r R a h m a n is a Gendered violence is a chronic problem, like PhD Candidate at the Indian Institute of elsewhere in the world. Dr. Patricia Uberoi Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India. K a t h called for research on the potential l e e n S t a u d t, PhD, works at the displacement of small-scale women traders University of Texas at El Paso. who crossed borders, along with matrilineal land inheritance in some Scheduled Tribes, ABS India Outreach Workshop on Border as commercialization and large-scale Studies in Northeast India was organised commerce proceeds. jointly by the Association for Borderlands Studies (ABS) & the Border Studies Environmental issues: With state Civil society at borders, including Programme, Institute of Chinese Studies, New neighbors, India shares river basins, flood commerce, large and small. Border people Delhi (ICS). and seismic zones, and residents affected often share common interests, but therefrom. Pollution and other climate repression of their movement and voices (as changes pose health security risks. For many said, “Delhi doesn’t understand us,” example, by 2050, half of Bangladesh’s land a refrain heard about Washington, D.C., could be under water. Will refugees be a and Mexico City). National security global or India issue? The US-Mexico agendas may overwhelm traders, both big border’s Rio Grande and associated and small. Big business and global pollution, with export-processing industries capitalism exercise powerful voices that that use the ten-fold wage differences, face advantage their interests over others. similar problems. Dr. Paul Ganster Informal traders cross borders to trade in analyzed how the North American Free the still-porous borderlands of various Trade Agreement (NAFTA) provided space world regions. Alok Ranjan analyzed for environmental researchers and border several cross-border haats (open border Organizing Committee: voices to be heard in the national capital markets) along with severe restrictions and Martin van der Velde, President cities. Dr. Irasema Coronado analyzed how controls imposed by the state. Akihiro Iwashita, Vice Presiden, a NAFTA amendment mandated the Securitization preoccupies the state and Commission on Environment Cooperation Jussi Laine, Executive Secretary and politics, thus deserving research in its own with Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. each Treasurer right. Illegal trade in animal parts and contributing equal budgetary resources to Jabin T. Jacob, Institute of Chinese Studies human trafficking produces “hardened” its operations and opportunities for civil Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman, IIT Guwahati, on policing at borders (Kurian, Laine). society activists’ voices. Mirza presented an behalf of the Institute of Chinese Studies analysis which questioned of the role of

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El Programa para las Comunidades Transfronterizas de Arizona State University se complace en anunciar Regiones imaginadas, una exposición de mapas históricos de la Colección Simón Burrow de Mapas Transfronterizos.

La exhibición, que será inaugurada en Phoenix, Arizona en febrero 19, destaca como las Américas han sido conceptualizadas de diversas formas por cartógrafos y refleja la evolución de los Estados Unidos y México desde el siglo XVI. Los mapas en exhibición cuentan historias que reflejan la inventiva de cartógrafos; las exploraciones pioneras de territorios desconocidos; las disputas por el territorio y la lucha por la construcción de la nación; así como el paisaje social cambiante de las Américas. Pero sobre todo, los mapas incluidos en la exposición muestran como el territorio y el espacio han sido y continúan siendo imaginados, y como las regiones imaginadas han tenido el poder de moldear la evolución de la región fronteriza México-Estado Unidos.

La colección ASU Simon Burrow de Mapas Transfronterizos estará disponible en el sitio web de la Escuela de Estudios Transfronterizos muy pronto (hps://sts.asu.edu/ptc).

Maker Unknown, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, 1859 (U.S.)

Imagined Regions: The ASU Simon Burrow Transborder Maps Collection Regiones Imaginadas: Colección ASU Simon Burrow de Mapas Transfronterizos

The Program for Transborder Communities at Arizona State University is pleased to announce Imagined Regions, an exhibition of historic maps from the Simon Burrow Transborder Map Collection.

The exhibit, which will be inaugurated in la Phoenix, Arizona on February 19th, highlights the different ways the Americas have been conceptualized by mapmakers and reflect the evolution of the United States and Mexico from the sixteenth century onwards. The maps displayed tell many stories about the inventive nature of cartography: the early exploration of uncharted territories in the Americas; the land claims and disputes and struggles of nation building, and the changing social landscape of the continent. Most importantly, the maps included in this exhibit showcase how territory and space have been and continue to be imagined, and how imagined regions have had the power to shape the evolution of United States-Mexico borderlands.

The ASU Simon Burrow Transborder Maps Collection will be available on the School of Transborder Studies’ website soon (hps://sts.asu.edu/ptc).

John Wesley Powell, LINGUISTIC STOCKS OF AMERICAN INDIANS NORTH OF MEXICO, 1891 (U.S.)

6 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2) Association for Borderlands Studies II World Conference 2018 - Call for Proposals -

The Executive Officers and the Board of the Association for Borderlands Studies invite interested institutions to submit proposals to organize the next ABS World Conference scheduled for 2018

The deadline for submiing a statement of interest: April 4, 2015 The deadline for submiing a full proposal: September 30, 2015

The ABS membership has grown year This forum will broaden both the strengthen the overall profile of after year and, above all, it has t r a d i t i o n a l g e o g r a p h i c a l a n d border studies internationally. become increasingly more disciplinary borders of the association international. Today, more than half itself, and the forum will foster the of the ABS membership lives outside ABS global reach by encouraging Proposals should also include a leer of the United States, the birthplace of participation from all corners of the of support signed by the President of the association. As the ABS grows to world. The forum will advance the hosting institution(s), expressing meet the challenge of accommodating twenty-first century scholarship on the appropriate commitments and a its ever more international and borders and borderlands. The ABS plan of action to fulfill these duties. diverse membership, it has become World Conference aims to bring necessary to renew some of the together various border studies To download the full call, please go to: t r a d i t i o n a l l o g i s t i c a l a n d networks to discuss issues of common hp://absborderlands.org/wp-content/ organizational practices in order to concern. The ABS World Conference uploads/2014/03/ABS-World-Call.pdf match the new circumstances. also welcomes colleagues outside the a c a d e m i c w o r l d : t h e w o r l d Both the statement of interests The Association for Borderlands conference, as well as the association (deadline April 4, 2015) and the full Studies aims to provide important as a whole, is open to policymakers, proposals (deadline September 15, linkages among scholars around the diplomats, law enforcement agencies, 2015) should be submied in a single globe. The ABS World Conference is a non-state actors, artists, and many P D F fi l e w i t h a l l s u p p o r t i n g practical example of working towards others interested in the study of documents via email to Dr. Jussi this goal. Having a broader conference borders. Laine, Executive Secretary of the not tied to any specific country or Association for Borderlands Studies at continent is expected to bring new The ABS World Conference does not absexec@uef.fi possibilities to those living outside the aim to initiate another competing United States, where the ABS Annual border conference series among All the statements of interest received Meetings are held. While these dozens of established and high profile by the deadline will be assessed meetings, held in conjunction with the events. On the contrary, the idea is during the ABS Board Meeting on Western Social Science Association’s that by offering a forum for a regular April 9, 2015. annual conference, will remain as the global gathering of border scholars, main gathering of the association, a ABS World helps structure the field Questions? Contact the Executive broader forum for global border and facilitate the development of Secretariat | e-mail: absexec@uef.fi dialogue circulating in various m o r e t h e m a t i c a l l y a n d / o r locations all around the world is very geographically specific meetings and much needed. conferences and, in this way,

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 7 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Of Interest...

Guest Lectures on European Borders linguistics in the Universities of Eastern environment in which they circulated, seeks to and Regional Integration at the Finland, Helsinki, Tartu, Tallinn and contribute to the scholarship and Greifswald. The publication is part of the understanding of this unique place. University of Southern Denmark research project “Writing Cultures and 338 p, paper version. In the Fall 2015, the Department of Border Traditions at Borders” funded by Academy of Region Studies at SDU in Denmark organizes Finland (2010–2014, http://www.uef.fi/fi/ ISBN: 9782858924387 a series of five guest lectures exploring the new wctb). Publisher: MSHA (Maison de Sciences de forms and functions of borders and their Bibliographical information: Tuulikki Kurki, l'Homme d’Aquitaine) consequences for regional integration in Saija Kaskinen, Kirsi Laurén, Mari Ristolainen Europe. The guest lecturers are: David http://www.msha.fr/msha/publi/ouvrage/ (eds.), Writing at Borders. Culture Unbound, Newman (Ben-Gurion University of the affiche_publication.php?code=P400 vol. 6/2014. Linköping University Electronic Negev), Cathal McCall (Queen’s University Press. Belfast), Birte Wassenberg (University of Strasbourg), Høgni Kalsø Hansen (University Link to the publication: http:// New books in Ashgate Border of Copenhagen), and Jörg Knieling (HafenCity www.cultureunbound.ep.liu.se/v6/ Regions Series University Hamburg). More information can cul14v6_Writing_at_Borders.pdf Borderscaping: Imaginations and be found at: http://www.sdu.dk/en/Om_SDU/ Link to the project’s website: www.uef.fi/wctb Practices of Border Making Institutter_centre/I_Graenseforskning/Events/ Guestlecturers Edited by Chiara Brambilla, University of New Book: Contested Territories: Mixed Bergamo, Italy, Jussi Laine, University of Identity Constructs and Hybrid Culture in Eastern Finland, Finland, James W. Scott, BRIT XV conference San Diego (California) 1770-1920 University of Eastern Finland, Finland and Gianluca Bocchi, University of Bergamo, Italy From 17-20 May 2016, the Department of Focusing on the regional culture of San Diego, Border Region Studies, University of Southern California, this volume addresses the various Mobility and Migration Choices Denmark, the Hafen City University Hamburg manifestations, mechanisms and changes that Edited by Martin van der Velde and Ton van and the University of Hamburg will host the both shape and define the local population from Naerssen, Radboud University Nijmegen, The “Cities, States and Borders – From the Local to the late 18th to the early 20th centuries. From Netherlands the Global” in Hamburg and Sønderborg. its role as an active colonial seaport to being a focal point of the US-Mexican border, this work Israelis and Palestinians in the Shadows A call for papers will be available in the late of the Wall summer 2015. analyzes the confrontation and blending of peoples, ideas and influences that have Edited by Stéphanie Latte Abdallah, French contributed to San Diego culture. Institute of the Near East, CNRS, Palestinian New publication ”Writing at Drawing from multiple disciplines, this work Territories and Cédric Parizot, IREMAM, Borders” has been published discusses the evolution of population and CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, France “Writing at Borders” examines texts, talk and society as seen from archival and historical writing at Finnish, Estonian and Russian sources as well as through the representations found in literary, sociological, or archeological territorial and symbolic borderlands. The New Book publication and its nine articles stress the studies. This unique approach allows the importance of cultural studies and the questioning of canonic positions and recognizes James Pick, professor of business at University humanist point of view on borders and border the complexity of regional borderland studies in of Redlands, has co-authored a book on crossings in the multidisciplinary field of an effort to better define the mechanisms and determinants and spatial distributions of border studies. manifestations of local Californio culture. technology levels worldwide: James B. Pick The resulting text, focused on the people living and Avijit Sarkar, 2015,The Global Digital The authors of the publication represent Divides: Explaining Change, Springer-Verlag. cultural research, literature research and in San Diego and the physical and social

8 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

- S a v e t h e D a t e -

Association for Borderland Studies 2016 European Conference Differences and Discontinuities in a ‘Europe without Borders’

4–7 October 2016, Luxembourg

University of Luxembourg external borders. However, encourage professional exchanges and In cooperation with UniGR- Luxembourg also offers other borders. to bring of course Luxembourg and Center for Border Studies Among others there exist e.g. regional the Greater Region closer to you. (UniGR-CBS) and local borders, language borders, cultural, political and economic The University of Luxembourg and borders. Here, the Greater region the organisation team looks forward Every two years the European “SaarLorLux” assumes important to welcoming you! conference of the Association for relevance. Aside from Luxembourg Borderland Studies (ABS) is this also includes Wallonia, the The call for papers will be launched organized and offers a platform to German speaking community of soon. scientists in the field of Border Belgium, Rhineland-Palatinate, Studies. After the ABS World Saarland and Lorraine. Conference in Finland and Russia (2014) that also served as a European The conference will take place in the conference, the University of young University of Luxembourg: the Luxembourg will host the ABS new university location Belval, in European conference in 2016. cooperation with the University of the Asociación de Greater Region (alliance of six Borders play a particular role in universities of the Greater Region Luxembourg. The Luxembourgish SaarLorLux). This university location village Schengen gained international is also situated close to the French- celebrity due to the signed treaties for Luxembourgish border. open borders. In 2015 this agreement celebrates its 30th anniversary. The ABS Europe 2016-conference in Luxembourg shares its national Luxembourg wants to highlight the borders with three other states topic “Differences and (Belgium, Germany and France). discontinuities in a “Europe Opening the borders had large without borders””. The sessions are impacts on the state’s economic, social divided into the following subtopics: and political development. Besides the opening of the European internal •Mobility and multilocality borders due to the Schengen •Multilingualism and diversity Agreement, a hardening of the •Growth and sustainability European external borders can be •Instability and change observed. We would be delighted to obtain Illegal flows of refugees and the contributions from different European organization FRONTEX disciplines of the Border Studies as display only two potential well as an interested expert audience. consequences of this hardening of Furthermore we would like to

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 9 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Financial Overview

Association for Borderlands Studies - 2014

Financial Summary - UEF ABS Account

All funds reported in Euro (€)

ACTIVITY REVENUE EXPENSES BALANCE

Account Balance at January 1, 2014 22 009,17 Membership dues received by UEF 15 964,27 Other operating income 2,60 Credit card commissions 297,87 Bank Service Charges 23,32 Bank account interest rate 2014 83,74 Routledge Journals 2014 contribution (11.896,00 CAD) 7 894,60 Routledge Journals Royalty Statement 2014 (5.768,91 CAD) 3 775,78 Payment to WSSA for April meeting (2.200,00 USD) 1 635,32 ABS grad student best paper award ($250 USD) 203,33 Contribution for editorship of the Journal of Borderlands Studies Europe 1 375,00 2014 grant to (UVic) Journal for Borderland Studies (Brunet-Jailly) 3 123,86 RJBSH - Journal of Borderland Studies (6750,00 CAD) 4 857,16 Supplies (Book award plaque & certificate holders) (58,35 USD) 44,12 Donation to "BRIT XIV" conference (1.000,00 CAD) 711,39 G. Popescu’s Travel expenses to 2014 Annual Meeting 1 559,13 Total Revenue 27 720,99 Total Expenses 13 830,50 Account Balance 35 899,66

We wish to thank Professor Perttu Vartiainen, the Rector of the University of Eastern Finland as well as Professor Harri Siiskonen, the Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies of the University of Eastern Finland for their heartfelt support and generous financial assistance to the ABS Secretariat. The provided funding (separate from the associations’ own funds detailed above) has been crucial for the effective management of the association.

The ABS secretariat organized the elections for the 2nd Vice President after the nomination committee headed by Vice President Dr. Martha Patricia Barraza de Anda, Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Ciudad Juárez, had first nominated two candidates for the position. The nominations were approved by the President of the ABS, Dr. Martin van der Velde. Dr. Correa-Cabrera was declared the winner after having received 52.2% of the eligible votes - see previous issue of La Frontera (35:1) for details. We assisted Dr. Francisco Lara-Valencia and his committee in the search of three new board members. Dr. Christophe Sohn CEPS, Luxembourg, Dr. Adriana Dorfman Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Dr. Joan B. Anderson University of San Diego were nominated to join our Board and will serve until 2017. We assisted the 2014 Past Presidents’ Book Award Committee in the book review process. The Gold Award went to Jenna M. Loyd, Matt Mitchelson and Andrew Burridge (eds) ‘Beyond Walls and Cages: Prisons, Borders and Global Crisis’ (Georgia University Press, 2013). The editors of the book will deliver a keynote presentation in the upcoming Annual Meeting in Portland. The ABS World Conference became a success also in terms of member recruitment: 111 new members joined the association during the conference! See the next page for membership overview. Full member directory will be published again in the fall issue.

10 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Membership overview

Total 2013 memberships 233

SouthSlovenia Africa RomaniaLatviaNepal BulgariaHungaryGeorgia Total 2014 memberships 371 AzerbaijanBelgium SwitzerlandIndonesia Greece Regular paid memberships 261 Nigeria New Zealand Croatia Student paid memberships 87 Turkey India Non-OECD members 14 Portugal USA Czech Republic 30% ABS Book Award Winner 3 Brazil Honorary Members 2 Sweden Lifetime Members 4 South Korea Austria Israel ABS listserve: 1.672 members Norway

Australia Mexico Spain 8% The Executive Secretary is responsible for Poland the following activities: Denmark •Running annual elections; •Managing the annual membership The Netherlands campaign; Italy •Maintaining the ABS membership database Finland and e-mail listserve; 7% Japan •Producing the bi-annual newsletter La 3% Frontera; Luxembourg •Managing the annual book award process; 3% Canada Maintaining the ABS website; Russia 6% 3% •Managing finances France UK 4% Germany 5% 5%

Readership of La Frontera

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 11 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

ABS VISIONING COMMITTEE ~ Report, March, 2015

We wish to hear from you before or at the ABS meeting in Portland!

ABS Visioning Plenary Session: Saturday April 11, 2:45-4:15pm

— Victor Konrad

[email protected]

At the 2014 ABS Annual Conference in • Consider a forum for discussing organization: should regional seats Albuquerque, the Visioning Committee was standards for border studies be allocated on the ABS Board? enlarged to welcome members who scholarship and training • Young scholars should be allocated volunteered to serve on the committee, and • Initiate a publication series in either a voice and position on the ABS expanded to include a wider representation the JBS, or in some other venue to Board of the ABS membership. Late in the summer discuss and recognize the the committee members were requested to “Foundations of Border Studies” Organization share their suggestions for the future of the ABS. These suggestions have been grouped • Should the ABS separate from the Communications and compiled by Past President Victor WSSA? Committee members had Konrad, who chairs the committee. Members • The ABS language policy needs to opinions in support of this of the ABS Visioning Committee suggested a be reviewed and aligned with suggestion and also in opposition variety of possible directions, improvements changing membership to the suggestion. and adjustments for the organization in its communication needs: we need to • The ABS is now growing rapidly period of rapid growth. These suggestions communicate Spanish language and many suggestions for change range from comments on opportunity, ideas ‘parcels’ to broader audiences; we and development are being offered. for advancement, and plans for integration, need to find a way of How do we prioritize these to imperatives for maintaining traditions accommodating yet suggestions? and established procedures. The Visioning ‘mainstreaming’ our Spanish • ABS sections could be organized by Committee did not address ABS Bylaw language membership; we need theme to formalize groupings that changes because these are being considered abstracts in Spanish as well as are emerging as interest clusters in by Past President Chris Brown and his perhaps a few other languages in the Association. our journal and other publications committee. • The ABS needs to establish a core • We need to encourage our members set of values as other academic to write editorials, op ed pieces and The suggestions received from the committee organizations have done. other communications in order to members are organized below under four • The ABS could establish a cycle of broaden our readership base and headings: 1) scholars and scholarship, 2) annual meetings with four provide a forum for border issues organization, 3) representation, and 4) consecutive meetings in North and concerns communications. America and the fifth meeting • The ABS should consider abroad. declarations to counter state Scholars and Scholarship rhetorics • Develop a plan for attracting • Should the ABS consider advocacy scholars to border studies set in core values of human rights Please consider these suggestions and then please • Recruit established border scholars and social justice? share your ideas and opinions about these or who are not yet ABS members to other suggestions with the Chair or any member join the Association of the ABS Visioning Committee. The Committee Representation • Establish a process to ensure welcomes your participation in charting the • The ABS needs a travel grant diversity (disciplinary, future of our organization. We will assemble all of process to encourage geographical, gender, ethnicity) in the responses for our discussion at the 2015 ABS internationalization particularly if border studies scholarship Annual Meeting in Portland. Thanks! the membership extends to Africa, • Enhance incentives to engage, Asia and South America support and retain young scholars Victor Konrad (Chair). Committee members: • We need to consider ABS chapters in border studies Heather Nicol, Jussi Laine, Mirza Libra, Manuel or ‘franchises’ outside of North Chavez, Ilkka Liikanen, Bruno Dupeyron, • Develop an ABS role in America and Europe international cooperation in Christine Brenner, Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary, • Representation on the ABS Board graduate student training Kimberly Collins, Belinda Roman, Guadalupe and Executive needs to be balanced Correa Cabrera, Francisco Lara Valencia with the internationalization of the

12 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

The Memory of the Sea: ! Objects Migrating within the Mediterranean — Anna Chiara Cimoli ! While in Europe many migration journalist Gabriele Del Grande reminds in his Landscapes and Social Arenas: Potentials and museums are being born every year, there book Mamadou va a morire. Challenges of Evolving Border Concepts in a are no migration museums in Maghreb, post-Cold War World. The exhibition is Over the years, Mohsen’s painstaking efforts nor along the Asiatic coast of the organized during the European Border Studies have grasped the historic and epic dimension of Mediterranean. Those who leave from Conference ‘Mapping Conceptual Change in migration, starting from objects which just these countries have very lile with them. Thinking European Borders’ (July 3-5, 2013, don’t want to leave Africa. His museum tells Those poor things are gathered and Sede Universitaria di S. Agostino e Pignolo), this story to the African people, in Africa, carried by the sea current. That’s how the promoted by Centro di Ricerca sulla which makes it an important collection not Sea Memory Museum’s collection (Zarzis, Complessità (Ce.R.Co.) and Università degli just for its material and artistic value. In a Tunisia) was born: outside of the canonic Studi di Bergamo in cooperation with the divided, conflicting Mediterranean, who will museums’ circle, but deeply rooted inside University of Eastern Finland. tell the story of the migrants? And how? the logic of conservation, research, Info on the conference: hp://www.unibg.it/ communication and exhibition that lies at The museum is described in the photographs dati/bacheca/2/63600.pdf the basis of every museum. taken by Alessandro Brasile (2007) and Maia Insolera (2010). On the occasion of GAMeC – Galleria d’Arte Moderna e the exhibition, the short film Il postino del Contemporanea di Bergamo Mediterraneo (The Mediterranean’s Postman), Via San Tomaso, 53 - Bergamo by Giulia Ardizzone and Kami Fares, will The museum is located in the private garden of Tel. + 39 035 270272 be shown as well. Mohsen Lihidheb, who calls himself an “eco- artist”, and who has been walking the seashore The initiative, curated by Anna Chiara Cimoli for many years, collecting and rescuing all and promoted within the MeLa* Project– that he finds there: fish skeletons, pieces of European Museums in an age of Migrations clothing, boles, shoes. And, after a long (Field 05), in this step is also supported by the waiting, even the corpse of a migrant. Mohsen EU funded Research Project called him “Mamadou”, buried him, and EUBORDERSCAPES. Bordering, Political hasn't been able to stop thinking about him, as ! ! ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 13 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Seguridad Fronteriza y Reforma Migratoria en los Estados Unidos: Retórica, Política y Realidad

— Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera

En los últimos años, el tema de la reforma migratoria integral se ha ubicado en el centro del debate público en los Estados Unidos. De acuerdo con diversas estimaciones, el número de inmigrantes sin autorización en este país oscila alrededor de los 11 millones. En los últimos años, se ha discutido con especial ahínco la necesidad de aprobar una reforma de gran alcance a objeto de mejorar un sistema migratorio que es claramente disfuncional. Dicha discusión se ha centrado, por razones políticas, en el tema de la seguridad fronteriza y actualmente ocupa un lugar central en la contienda político-electoral de la Unión Americana con miras a la elección presidencial del 2016. El debate sobre la necesidad de realizar una reforma migratoria integral en los Estados Unidos no es nuevo, ni ha sido planteado de forma exclusiva por el partido demócrata o por la administración del presidente Barak Obama. En realidad, el reconocimiento de la problemática en general y el diseño de propuestas alternativas han involucrado a miembros de los dos principales partidos políticos en el país. Un ejemplo, fue la tema de la seguridad fronteriza con el Oportunidad Económica y Modernización de propuesta de ley sobre “Inmigración Ordenada argumento de que la migración “ilegal” la Inmigración”. y una América Segura” introducida en mayo contribuye al crimen y a la violencia y de 2005 por los senadores John McCain (R- En años recientes—y coincidiendo con la constituye un riesgo importante a la seguridad AZ) y Ted Kennedy (D-MA). La propuesta elección del primer presidente de color en la nacional. Se ha llegado a hablar del posible consideraba, desde entonces, la posibilidad de historia de los Estados Unidos—la opinión vínculo entre la migración indocumentada, la amnistía o legalización de una parte de la pública se ha polarizado significativamente y delincuencia organizada y grupos terroristas población inmigrante sin autorización. No pareciera ser que las posturas racistas y anti- como Al-Qaeda, o inclusive el Estado Islámico. obstante el reconocimiento de la necesidad de inmigrantes se han manifestado de manera Así, en los últimos años, las principales una reforma integral para subsanar las más abierta. En este contexto, el tema de la propuestas de reforma migratoria han colocado grandes limitaciones del actual sistema seguridad fronteriza ha ido desplazando al de a la seguridad fronteriza como su prioridad. migratorio estadounidense, el debate con la reforma migratoria integral y la propuesta Considérense, por ejemplo, iniciativas como la respecto a este tema se ha politizado y del presidente Obama sobre el tema no ha ley de “Seguridad a través de la polarizado considerablemente. Asimismo, se ha podido progresar. El ala conservadora en el Regularización de la Inmigración y una manejado una retórica apoyada por Congreso, representada en su mayoría por el Economía Dinámica” de 2007 o la “Reforma información imprecisa que ha limitado el Partido Republicano, ha sido bastante efectiva Migratoria Integral para la Seguridad en consenso y el diseño de una solución efectiva a para detener cualquier avance en la materia. América y la Prosperidad” de 2009, y más esta problemática. La propuesta de amnistía es el punto que ha recientemente (en junio 27 de 2013) la enfrentado mayor oposición—principalmente En fechas recientes, y principalmente a partir aprobación en el Senado estadounidense—más por parte de aquellos vinculados al Partido del de los atentados terroristas del 11 de no en la Cámara de Representantes—de la Té (Tea Party). Asimismo, en un posible septiembre de 2001, el debate sobre la reforma legislación sobre “Seguridad Fronteriza, intento por conciliar las posturas antagónicas, migratoria se ha vinculado directamente al el presidente y aquellos afines a la reforma han

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como el especial énfasis que se puso en estos temas en las elecciones intermedias del año pasado, se espera que en la contienda presidencial de 2016 la frontera vuelva a ocupar un lugar central. Sin embargo, en un proceso tan importante y complejo como este, es preciso que el electorado cuente con información que represente la realidad de la frontera. La migración indocumentada parece representar más beneficios que costos a la Unión Americana y el argumento de la frontera insegura pareciera ser falaz. Los estadounidenses preferirían quizás que sus impuestos se gasten más eficientemente, en accedido al reforzamiento de la seguridad aspirante a la candidatura presidencial sectores como el educativo y en la generación fronteriza y han apoyado las deportaciones republicana, Ted Cruz, además del gobernador de infraestructura productiva. De otro modo, masivas. Cabe destacar que en la y el vicegobernador del estado, Greg Abbott y quienes se benefician en realidad son los administración de Obama se han llevado a Dan Patrick, respectivamente, han contratistas privados de la seguridad que cabo el mayor número de deportaciones en la manifestado con fuerza sus posturas en contra llegan a desplazar inversión productiva y historia del país. de la reforma migratoria integral y a favor de podrían limitar el crecimiento sustentable a un aún mayor incremento en el gasto para Los intentos por conciliar las diferentes largo plazo. procurar la seguridad fronteriza. Cabe destacar posturas y alcanzar un consenso no han que muchos de los argumentos utilizados por brindado los frutos esperados. Los grupos dichos actores o por agencias como el antagonistas a la reforma migratoria y a la Departamento de Seguridad Pública de Texas, inmigración indocumentada han resultado ser parecen no estar sustentados por la realidad de mucho más efectivos. Además, los gastos * * * * la región, lo cual se refleja en las cifras oficiales gubernamentales destinados a proteger la de criminalidad. Las estadísticas reales frontera se han incrementado demuestran que la frontera México-Estados exponencialmente- En los últimos 8 años, el Unidos—del lado estadounidense—es bastante gasto en seguridad fronteriza ha excedido los segura. Por otro lado, no existen estadísticas 100 billones de dólares, y desde 2004 el que muestren los resultados asociados al número de efectivos de la Patrulla Fronteriza enorme gasto en seguridad fronteriza de los se ha más que duplicado. El Congreso ha últimos años. En realidad, sería una tragedia expandido en forma masiva su gasto en que después de la enorme cantidad de recursos infraestructura y tecnología para proteger la erogados, la frontera continuara siendo tan frontera, lo que incluye la construcción de un peligrosa como lo aseguran algunos políticos o muro que divide a las dos naciones vecinas. miembros de agencias de seguridad locales. Asimismo, se detuvo recientemente el avance de las acciones ejecutivas de acción diferida Atendiendo a los datos duros y a las vivencias que decidió tomar el presidente Obama ante la de los habitantes en la frontera (del lado inacción del Congreso en materia migratoria. estadounidense), pareciera ser que nos Dichas acciones serían temporales, pero encontramos ante una estrategia de corte hubieran podido mantener en la legalidad, por político con el objeto de generar, un tiempo limitado, a un grupo de artificialmente, economías en los estados aproximadamente 4 millones de migrantes que fronterizos mediante incrementos en la G u a d a l u p e C o r r e a - C a b r e r a se encuentran en el país sin autorización. El demanda agregada. Es importante destacar que (Ph.D. in Political Science, The New School juez federal del Distrito Sur de Texas, Andrew el crecimiento derivado de un mayor gasto for Social Research) is Associate Professor Hanen, ordenó frenar estas medidas en tanto gubernamental en seguridad, podría ser and Chair of the Government Department of se analiza su constitucionalidad, como únicamente de corto plazo, pues no estamos the University of Texas at Brownsville. Her respuesta a una demanda presentada por una hablando de inversión productiva. Al mismo areas of expertise are Mexico-U.S. relations, coalición de 26 estados. tiempo, es preciso recordar la ley de los energy, border security, immigration, and rendimientos decrecientes que explicaría las organized crime. Dichos triunfos se han sustentado en una pocas ventajas potenciales de incrementar aún retórica bastante agresiva que destaca los más el gasto en seguridad fronteriza—como lo costos de la migración sin autorización y la proponen autoridades tejanas. supuesta situación de inseguridad en la Photos by Sergio Chapa frontera con México. Diversos actores políticos Considerando los últimos debates sobre —sobre todo en Texas—como el Senador y reforma migratoria y seguridad fronteriza, así

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 15 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Bordered Lives: Women from Bangladesh behind bars in India

— Sucharita Sengupta, Calcutta Research Group, India

A world without boundaries is impossible to coping with the borders – one living on it and the truth, she confided to the officials at the Border imagine, especially when marking and other living along or with it3. The second part is Security Post of the Benapole border, but instead securitizing boundaries constitute the heart relevant for the present exercise as the snippets of of a shelter, she was processed under the of international relations and politics. narratives discussed in my paper are of women Foreigners Act and sent to jail custody. On the People living on the margins or migrants who do not live on the borders but for whom other hand, Lisa Begum ageing 21 along with her cannot be ignored as they are important to borders are central to their existence. For many of two sisters at Dumdum Central Correctional understand the core of nation formation in them the Border is not a demarcating line, rather Home were also trafficked. They were booked South Asia1. So, ‘governing the mobile’, it spells hope and promises freedom on the other under the IPC 363, 365 and 366 B along with messy flow of population, determining the side of the fence. Out 58 Correctional Homes in 14(a) and 14(b) of the Foreigners Act. The IPC legality of it and separating the alien from West Bengal four have been studied for the 363,365 and 366b convicts whoever is charged the citizen have become the centre of our present exercise as these have the maximum with kidnapping, abducting and trafficking girls political understanding2. To stress on the bit number of inmates who are from Bangladesh. below 18 yrs. So a clear difference of policy is of exception following Agamben would evident. Flow of goods and smuggling is also therefore mean ignoring concrete colonial rampant in the border, in particular Cattle and post-colonial conditions in countries The Illegal Migrant smuggling as cows are illegally being stolen to like India where conditions of exception are Bangladesh. The cross-border flow of capital and integral to the socio-political history of this Apart from economic reasons, there are mainly illicit trade is facilitated by a strong network of region. In studying the continuous flow of four types of flows or reasons for which trans agencies or middle men operating at the border. cross border migration between India and border migration from Bangladesh to West The smuggling of Phensedyl, is also a popular Bangladesh, specifically across the West Bengal occur– a) To visit relatives b) For medical item of smuggling. The usual suspects are the Bengal-Bangladesh or Bengal Borderland, it purposes c) For political disturbances; and persons living nearest to the zero point of the becomes very difficult to draw boundary particularly for women- d) Trafficked in name of border. Often without concrete evidences the between coercion and volition. There is work or marriage. There is a lack of uniformity or Border Security Forces (BSF) interrogate or always some kind of a force either in form of adhocism as to the charges leveled against harass the people there. Testimonies of violence ethnic violence, domestic tensions or sheer ‘illegal’ migrants from Bangladesh. They are are many, countless in fact. economic compulsions that propel mostly booked under the Foreigner’s Act and It is difficult to get the exact figures of illegal continuous movement of people through this Passports Act- 14 (a) or (b) respectively. The immigration from Bangladesh to India. While the border. stipulated period of imprisonment under these acts are normally two years. However there are figure of prison inmates in 2013 was roughly Prison as a space in this piece is used as a prism exceptions too. Yasmin, an inmate of the Dum 23,000 inmates including the Bangladeshi through which I try to understand the porous, Dum Central Correctional Home was brought to Nationals, in 2014 from June to Dec, only precarious, mobile and dynamic nature of the India by her friend who works as a sex worker in Bangladeshi inmates sum up to a total of 25,501 Bengal borderland and the flows - both human a brothel in Hyderabad. Till landing in India by persons. As a result there is acute space crisis in and goods across it. The paper also dwells on the using the Bongaon-Basirhat border in South 24 the prisons, further aggravated by the fact that inadequacy of the law to address the Parganas, Yasmin was unaware of her the released prisoners of Bangladesh are not being heterogeneity of the influx. There are two ways of destination. Once she started seeing through the repatriated in time and hence even after release

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many are staying back for an indefinite period. The annual figures of deportation of Bangladeshi nationals received from the Jail Directorate of West Bengal in 2013 was 3127 and 2014-2024. These are even less than the monthly figure of influx that I have detailed in a longer version of my paper. So where are the others disappearing? Either they are not being repatriated or they are being pushed back unofficially, the records of which are not available at the Correctional Home Directorate. The common practice is that, by the time the term of conviction for a Bangladeshi national is announced by the court; the person concerned has already spent that period in prison or is nearing the completion of the term. Therefore, for most Bangladeshi nationals, the status of ‘under trial’ changes to ‘released prisoner’ directly instead of ‘convict’. Once a person becomes a released prisoner, i.e., his/her period of confinement comes to an end, the process of repatriation starts which is again a long, tedious and lengthy process. According to the West Bengal Correctional Service ACT 1992, “Rehabilitation assistance” means financial or any other assistance given to a released prisoner for the purpose of his are basically inhabitants of the Arakan province References rehabilitation into the society as an ordinary of Myanmar and were compelled to flee their citizen”4 – For Women inmates of Bangladesh 1 home following a series of civil wars5 and are Ranabir Samaddar, ‘the spectre facing the nation’ this rarely takes place. Rather the fate of a now a stateless community within Myanmar as in The Marginal Nation: Transborder Migration From released prisoner of Bangladesh is full of per a citizenship law in 1982. Although the Bangladesh to West Bengal, New Delhi: Sage, 1999, uncertainty. There is confusion even among jail UNHCR has been issuing Refugee Cards to the p.44. authorities regarding the exact process of Rohingyas in order to give them the Refugee 2 repatriation of the inmates. The myth is, ‘Push Ranabir Samaddar, “Returning to the Histories” in Status, they are being arrested and put behind back’- a colloquial term used to define the process Economic and Political Weekly, 10 January 2015, p.49. bars in both India and Bangladesh for illegal of literally pushing back people of Bangladesh 3 infiltration. At the time of this research in Dec This has been borrowed from Professor Van der Velde, back to their home from the Indian Territory does 2014, Balurghat Correctional Home had 8 President, ABS and Associate Professor, Nijmegen not exist anymore. Reality is however otherwise, Rohingya Women officially. The eight women Centre of Border Studies, Netherlands, at a conference and extremely harsh. In course of my various had come together in a group of 20 from Fanshi, organized by the Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi rounds of discussion with the prison authorities Quarbil, Bali Bazar, Bugrishaw and Bohbazar and Association of Borderland Studies (ABS) at in all the four homes that we visited, everyone nd areas of Rakhine District, Myanmar. All of them Guwahati on 2 March 2015. admitted that Repatriation, i.e., the official said they were compelled to flee for mass violence 4 procedure to send back a person back to ‘The Calcutta Gazette – Extraordinary, Published by that was unleashed on them from a long time. Bangladesh takes place rarely and instead what Authority, Part III – Acts of West Bengal Legislature, Repatriating them is difficult as it is not clear takes place is deportation or pushback. Government of West Bengal, Law Department, where they should be sent back. Therefore even Legislative Notification’ available in http:// The vulnerability of the Bengal-Bangladesh after a Rohingya becomes a Jaan khalash, he/she wbcorrectionalservices.gov.in/pdf/service_act_1992.pdf Border gets even clearer with a visit to the suffers in prisons till a decision is reached accessed on 20 December 2014. Balurghat Correctional Home in South Dinajpur The multifarious problems of the Bengal 5 of West Bengal, a place very low in development, Subir Bhaumik, “The East Bengali Muslims in borderland therefore make it difficult to arrive at poor transportation and remote in terms of Assam and Rohingyas of Myanmar: Comparative any decision especially distinguishing between accessibility. South Dinajpur is basically a part Perspectives of Migration, Exclusion, Statelessness” in immigrants and trafficked victims or to facilitate of the West Dinajpur district which has been Refugee Watch: A South Asian Journel on Forced a speedy deportation. The precariousness of the created out of the erstwhile Dinajpur District Migration, 41, June 2013. Bengal borderland coupled with vested interests during the partition of India in 1947. The rest of has actually normalized the flow of persons and * * * * the Dinajpur District is now in Bangladesh. smuggling of goods. Half of the times women With the partition suddenly the region was who are caught for trespassing through the divided into two countries but the socio-cultural border are denied justice simply because they do similarities across the border could hardly be over not tell the truth. What is interesting for these S u c h a r i t a S e n g u p t a works as a emphasized. The region is surrounded from three women however are the constant negotiations research assistant at the Calcutta Research sides by Bangladesh, one side by Malda and one that most of them do in order to cross the borders Group, India, Her work is on Bengal by North Dinajpur. As a result, the nearest either while entering or while being repatriating. Bangladesh Border with special focus on border point of South Dinajpur – Hili- is an They are no longer victims but through different Bangladeshi Women languishing in the important point of trade between the two names and forged identities they have found out prisons of India, mostly in the state of West countries and the crux of the story is that the ways to normalize the abnormal in their lives. Bengal. Email: Rohingya Muslims enter through this border apart from regular Bangladeshis. The Rohingyas

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 17 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Humanizing the Zone (Neil Hall, Reuters) Greening the ‘Green Line’ in Cyprus - Victor Konrad

There is something satisfying in seeing a silhouees of soldiers, and anti-tank ditches some Cypriots and foreigners. Now both Greek border zone decay. Trees and bushes grow have filled-in. The UN is still there but with a and Turkish Cypriots cross with relative ease if in unoccupied spaces. Wildlife thrives. A diminished presence and visibility. The buffer they hold the proper documentation. disturbing history is captured in space zone, or ‘Green Line’, established by the UN in Foreigners need a passport and obtain a visa at and time, yet it seems less threatening as 1974 has ironically become one of the most the border crossings. Then, they can travel it weathers gracefully. The relics and naturalized parts of the island. Winding just freely once they enter the other side. Cars reminders of a confrontation that caught over 180 kilometres across Cyprus from Kato rented in the south may be taken into the north international aention and response for Pyrgos in the west to Famagusta in the east, although there is a fee for extra “insurance”. decades now capture mainly the aention the buffer zone is between 3.3 metres and 7.4 Cars rented in the north may not be taken into of tourists and photographers. Their kilometres wide. It has an area of 346 square the south, although foreigners who live in the videos and photos are shared widely on kilometres, or 3 percent of the area of the north may drive into the south. Border the internet. Images of confrontation island. More than 10,000 people live in the crossing on Cyprus is easing up. become art. Young Cypriots, too young to zone, mainly in villages and agricultural areas The Roughguide provides ‘crossing tips’ and have experienced the trouble and conflict that straddle the borderlands. details for the seven points now open. of the painful bordering, approach and Beginning in the west, there is the most cross the buffer zone liered with recently opened crossing of Limnitis/ poignant reminders of war and loss, Yesilirmak which is likely the most picturesque without a second glance, mindful only of with approaches that wind through the hills their cellphone conversations. above Kato Pyrgos. While we stood in line to One of the most disputed borders in Europe have our visas issued, and pay our car appears to be naturalizing and normalizing. insurance fee, businessmen from the south, Once patrolled intensively by United Nations local area Cypriots and British ex-patriots forces and closely monitored by both Greek and crossed with ease. In the mountains to the east, Turkish militaries, the buffer zone between and open to cars only, is the crossing of North and South, the Republic of Cyprus and Abandoned house in the buffer zone near Kato Astromeritis/Zodhia. Agios Dometios/ Pyrgos, Cyprus (photo by Aili Kurtis) the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, is Metehan provides the quickest route from the showing its age. Some of the barriers and south coast to the north coast congested After 30 years, the ban on crossing was eased barbed wire fences have come down, central Nicosia (Leosia). We chose this in 2003, and crossing areas were opened to watchtowers are manned by cardboard crossing for our return to the south after

18 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

…spending four days with our friends in a mountainside village near Girne (Kyrenia) on the north coast. One of our friends was the former Canadian commander of UN troops in Cyprus. In the old city of Nicosia are found the two pedestrian crossings of Ledra Palace/ Leosia and Ledra Street/Leosia. Then, moving east beyond the capital city is Pyla/ Beyarmudu which is on the most direct route north from the international airport at Larnaka. Finally, there is Strovilia linking the Poster for demilitarization of the Buffer Zone in Nicosia south to the easternmost part of the island. This is the best access point for Famagusta. evident. Here the Occupy Buffer Zone Meanwhile, economic and political currents movement of 2011-2012 held most of its offshore are having a profound impact on demonstrations. Here we find the most overt Cypriots. As Greek Cypriots try to deal with sentiment for demilitarization of the buffer an economic disaster linked to the Greek zone. Yet, here we find also the greatest ‘homeland’, and swallow the implications of concentration of the older generation of Greek the 10 Billion Euro bailout package for Greek and Turkish Cypriots who don’t cross the line. Cyprus, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, once the much poorer part of the island, is experiencing a revival of tourism, foreign home buyers, and the promise of oil and water pipeline links to Turkey. The tensions from the economic crisis in Greece One of seven border crossings now open along the ‘Green Line’: crossing into Yesilirmak, Turkish may have sensitized northerners and Republic of North Cyprus (photo by Aili Kurtis) southerners about their differences but these tensions also have engaged Cypriots in Although the buffer zone still “cuts across the dialogue about common problems. One of these island like a scar” (Neil Hall, April 10, 2014, is how to deal with asylum seekers using the Lost in Time—The Cyprus Buffer Zone, increasingly porous Buffer Zone to enter the The decaying Buffer Zone in Nicosia (Neil Hall, Reuters), and Cyprus remains physically and Reuters) European Union. Although re-unification symbolically divided, this bordering is now remains a dream for some and a nightmare for most visible and emphatic in Nicosia. Here, Elsewhere along the border, cooperation and others in Cyprus, it is clear that the space the border appears “frozen in time” with long co-existence are increasingly evident. In the between Cypriots is changing. The ‘greening’ established barriers in place, abandoned village of Pyla astride the ‘Green Line’ church of the ‘Green Line’ has contributed to this buildings vacant for almost 50 years, signs to and mosque stand next to each other. There is change. establish Greek and Turkish identity, and the a Greek Cypriot mayor and a Turkish Cypriot * * * * pale blue and white markings of the UN deputy mayor. The community appears to presence. The former International Airport work. A British university is building a Victor Konrad, Carleton University, just west of the capital is abandoned and in Cyprus campus in the area for both Turkish Oawa, Canada ruins within the buffer zone. In and around Cypriot and Greek Cypriot students. Nicosia, the signs of contestation are most

Slovak UN soldier on duty in the Buffer Zone (Neil Hall, Reuters)

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 19 LA FRONTERA 35(2) Chinese Interests in Inter-Modal Tranport in Northwest Baja California

— David Stea

OP-ED

This article explores aspects transportation firms, are Union Pacific is North Héctor Osuna Jaime, once a of the incorporation of exploring development of a America's largest rail operator. federal senator from Baja Northwest Mexico into commercial port south of California. San Diego, across international networks Ensenada that could handle Mexico privatized the Ensenada the border, knows of plans for a through "intermodal mega-tankers, thus gaining a port in 1997, selling a 35-year new Baja port, but its harbor transport”, which services bigger share of the Pacific Rim's operating concession to cannot accommodate the mega- the process of economic expanding trade. Officials in International Container ships with 50-foot drafts the globalization. Considered Baja California also conceive of a Terminal Service of the Ensenada port would hope to here are projects to connect major container facility Philippines, which later sold it to attract, nor handle the growth of the western United States eventually absorbing traffic from Hutchison. Dredging is cargo in North America that is with the ports of Asia the ports of Los Angeles and underway to expand the capacity expected in the next decade or through present and proposed Long Beach, where ships now of the Ensenada port: the two, when the traffic overload is ports of Baja California. wait five days or more to unload. proposed port could accept the projected to double at the Long After the Second World War, largest commercial vessels, Beach and Los Angeles ports. oil, nationalized in 1938 in As envisioned, the port would be including mega-tankers and Mexico, became connected to the United States container vessels. Another port, This is also a project of the indispensable for industrial by a rail line through Mexicali to south of Ensenada, would serve Chinese company Hutchinson production, resulting the Yuma, Ariz., which would allow not only as a commercial bridge Whampoa Ltd-owned by Chinese construction of more cargo to be shipped to the to the United States but as a billionaire Li Ka-Shing, a firm enormous tankers: this is interior of Mexico and the way to facilitate shipments to that has controlling interest in now complemented by United States. The Ensenada Baja California's maquiladora 35 ports world-wide, including increased numbers and sizes International Terminal, a industry and other businesses, the four most important ports of of container ships. With subsidiary of Hutchison Port including development of a Mexico. In Ensenada, less than burgeoning global trade, Holdings (Hong Kong-based "high technology corridor" 150 km from San Diego, some countries, notably the Hutchnson Wampoa Ltd), linking California's Silicon California, the same Chinese USA and China, plan to operates commercial and cruise Valley with Tecate and company is expanding port expand intermodal routes. ship port facilities: it and the Ensenada. Container traffic is facilities to achieve the capacity Union Pacific Railroad are increasingly important and to handle large intermodal Ensenada. Mega-port jointly investigating the while some estimates have put container vessels. Additionally, possibilities are seen for the feasibility of such a project. State the price of a port and rail line at an agreement between the extended border region of officials in Baja California say $1.2 billion, the port is Chinese company and the Northwest Baja California – up they have been helping envisioned to have a capacity of government of the State of Baja to 150 miles from the border Hutchison conduct its study. up to 1.5 million containers per California Norte will involve the itself -- including rail links to Hutchison, with 206 berths in year. construction of a railway over Arizona and California. 35 ports, is the world's leading 200 km long connecting Officials in Baja California, port developer and operator, and In Baja California, the project, Ensenada with the border city of together with two major once approved, would take a Mexicali. decade to complete, said Sen.

20 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Colonet. A project for the a city of almost 200,000 people, Mexico are not the improvement is complete, a much smaller village of Colonet is now an connected with the US through a of the national economy: they are number of workers will be open secret, but one unknown to railway line over 300 km long. first, to provide alternatives to needed for the maintenance of most Mexicans and And again, construction congested ports of southern ports and other activities Norteamericanos. The current proposals are likely to involve California, primarily Los associated with intermodal population consists of an ejido of Chinese companies: Hutchison Angeles and Long Beach; freight transfer between modes of less than three thousand Whampoa and a company called second, to lower costs of transport. Other workers needed inhabitants. The plan is to "Marine Terminals", which is materials handling at ports; and only for initial construction convert Colonet Bay, near Punta based in California and is owned third, to reduce the power of work will have to look elsewhere: Colonet, a cove with very few by Evergreen, Yang Ming, unions of port workers, who are perhaps national migrant port inhabitants, into a port capable Hanjin and China Shipping. among the most powerful in the workers will again have to of receiving some of the largest Other stakeholders include the USA. Container traffic between become international. ships in the world port. The company "DP World" in China and Los Angeles / Long mega-port, costing billions of Dubai…and Carlos Slim. Beach is increasing at a rate of **** dollars, will cover a land area 15% per year, worsening the D a v i d S t e a, Past- equivalent to the ports of Los Conclusions. The most congestion problem, which important Baja California trade President of ABS, is Professor Angeles and Long Beach makes the ports of Mexico the Emeritus of Geography and together. When (and if) the work consists of cargo between US best solution. Initially, there are and Asia, mainly the People's International Studies at Texas is completed, the intermodal port likely to be more job State University – San Marcos, of Punta Colonet will be is the Republic of China. opportunities during the Approximately 30 million and a Research Associate of the largest port in Mexico and third construction phase of expanding Center for Global Justice in largest in the world after containers crossed the Pacific existing facilities and Ocean in 2012, an increase of Mexico. E-mail: Singapore and Hong Kong. The implementing new ones. In the [email protected] operation of the port will require about 10% per year for over a second phase, when construction decade. The main objectives in

Panel Announcement: Borders on the Move: From the Soviet Union into Eurasia? 22nd International Conference of Europeanists Paris, France, July 8-10, 2015 The events in Ukraine and Russia since November 2013, and the subsequent incorporation of Crimea to the Russian state in March 2014, with the support of the majority of inhabitants of the Peninsula, demonstrate that the desire to belong to the Western part of the European continent is not necessarily always the case. In some instances, people do prefer to belong to the Eastern part of Europe. This development in Crimea was proof that the reason for the desire to be a part of either Western or Eastern Europe always lies in the knowledge and experience one has already gained. Most of the inhabitants of Crimea hadn’t had the opportunity to experience the European Union personally; they only knew Eastern Europe, primarily Russia. This experience resulted in a sense of confidence in Russia, and distrust regarding the European Union. In the panel the shifting of borders from East into West and vice versa will be analysed using the examples of Russia and Ukraine. The goal is to show that borders are never a stable phenomenon, but they can change very quickly, and so the national belonging of a region can shift, too.

Chair: Ganna Gerasymenko, Institute for Demography and Social Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Speakers: James Wesley Sco (Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland): Territorial and Ideational Notions of European Neighbourhood: Observations from the Eastern ‘Front’ Jussi Laine (Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland): Shifting borders: Unpredictability and Strategic Distrust at the Finnish-Russian Border Katarzyna Stokłosa (Department of Border Region Studies, University of Southern Denmark): Ukraine and Russia in Crisis – A Polish View Gerhard Besier (Sigmund Neumann Institute Dresden): Expanding Religious Borders? The New Influence of the Orthodox Church in Russia

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 21 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

The Case for R2P

— Alex Chung

As a response to Kofi Annan’s 1999 intervene or not; rather, it must do so when mechanism to ensure consistent efficacy. This challenge to the global community to massive human rights violations occur. may involve the forfeiture of P5 veto power reconcile the “twin principles of when the direct national interests of the UNSC The Rwandan genocide demonstrates the need sovereignty…and fundamental human P-5 are unaffected, as veto power remains the for the codification of not the right to rights,” the Responsibility to Protect principal obstacle to effective and prompt intervene, but rather a responsibility to (R2P) doctrine is based upon the responses by the international community. intervene when faced with the evidence of mass rethinking of the sovereignty principle as human rights abuses. In the case of Rwanda, To ensure that military intervention under a responsibility of the state to protect its the great power interests of the United States R2P is justified, a strict demarcation of state citizens from human rights violations. and France undermined the mechanisms interests and the decision making process Domestic authority is no longer absolute, within the UN for mobilizing a coherent needs to become embedded within UN but rather limited by both human rights military force to prevent genocide and protect mechanisms. In the contemporary context, the principles and the responsibility of a state civilians. The UN was behest to great power legitimacy of R2P and human rights norms to protect its citizens. interests and refused recognition of genocide in must be separated from the misappropriation of The adoption of the R2P doctrine at the 2005 Rwanda, thereby relieving the international the intervention principle in the past to ensure UN World Summit demonstrated an community of the responsibility to intervene that the international community is well overwhelming consensus amongst nation- under the Genocide Convention – the central equipped to respond to human atrocities on a states to prevent and/or put a stop to mass purpose of the UNSC, to prevent future mass scale. The international community must human rights abuses such as genocide, war genocides, had been ignored. come to the realisation that they have a crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against responsibility to intervene if states are This begs the question of not whether the humanity – with the use of military force when unwilling or unable to protect their citizens international community should intervene deemed necessary by a legitimate authority from human rights abuses. To not respond when governments are deemed irresponsible, such as the United Nations Security Council when presented with unequivocal evidence of but rather how those processes determining (UNSC). mass human rights abuses flies in the face of state irresponsibility are established. While the R2P doctrine itself. The R2P principle places an inherent duty to humanitarian intervention has been tainted by protect citizens irrespective of geopolitics or neoimperialist ambitions, the cost of non- “Evil prospers when good men do nothing.” agreements between states. Under the intervention in situations of severe human Aributed to John Philpot Curran, 1750-1817 doctrine, intervening states must protect rights abuses, war, or poverty is morally and citizens of a state suffering mass human rights intrinsically unjustifiable. **** abuses, rendering inaction of the international Given the climate of mistrust that surrounds community in addition to the human rights military intervention, the ambiguity of the A l e x C h u n g is a PhD Candidate at the abuses themselves, a violation of the R2P emerging R2P doctrine requires a more University of Sydney, Australia, norm. Put simply, the international concrete and internationally agreeable [email protected] community does not have a choice whether to

22 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2) EUBORDERREGIONS Comes to an End

— James W. Scott

As With the fall of the “Iron Curtain” aention has also been focused on the support mechanisms are needed in order to and the advent of Euro-Mediterranean geopolitical contexts that influence (and that nurture entrepreneurial activity. This is all dialogue, citizens, communities and could potentially influence) both border the more important in the case of regions regions along the external confines of regions themselves as well as processes of along the EU’s external borders, where the EU have chosen to open new cross-border interaction. Presently, cross-border co-operation has been avenues of communication with their structural policies earmarked for regions of marginalised within the overall EU regional counterparts across state borders. These the EU’s 28 member states can be policy logic. initiatives reflect aempts to use interpreted as a strategy of European borders as a resource for economic and consolidation without commensurate cultural exchange as well as for building support of regional development co- mutually supporting civil society operation with neighbouring non-EU networks. However, the majority of regions. these regions must not only deal with high unemployment, limited economic EUBORDERREGIONS carried out diversification, de-population and fieldwork in 11 case study regions. Case demographic decline but also with study research has involved intensive considerable constraints generated by interview sessions, stakeholder fora, media borders themselves. Among others, analyses, quantitative and qualitative human trafficking, drugs smuggling and “mapping” of actors, and their migration flows have elicited security institutional networks. Research in the field and management policies that have was designed to provide a holistic picture of made EU borders harder and often more regional development situations at the **** violent. external border as well as to involve local organisations and actors in elaborating EUBORDERREGIONS, a four-year potential scenarios of future development in research project funded by the European conjunction with cross-border interaction. For more information on the project, Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for please visit Research and Innovation, ended in February As part of the overal research 2015. Coordinated by the Karelian Institute EUBORDERREGIONS has elaborated www.euborderregions.eu of the University of Eastern Finland, several policy considerations, primarily in terms of active ABS members formed part of the 14- exploring CBC as a potential resource for member consortium. place-based development strategies. This EUBORDERREGIONS investigated idea of greater local involvement in the development of EU policies is in greater possible impacts of cross-border interaction for the development of regions at the EU’s measure a response to a perceived lack of external borders and has thus contributed to success in improving the economic prospects scientific and policy debate on the future of and social conditions of “lagging regions”. economic, social and territorial cohesion One of the suggestions that the project offers within the EU as well. The project focused is new support structures for the present EU on regions at the EU’s external borders that funding period (2014-2020) that might extend from the Barents Sea Region in the promote collaborative forms of policy far North to the Mediterranean in the South. formulation and delivery based on partnerships between the EU and its Furthermore, EUBORDERREGIONS has neighbours involving the state, the private highlighted the specific relevance of regional sector, foundations as well as civil society at development at the EU’s external borders for large. This would seem particularly the conceptualisation and successful important in more peripheral regions with implementation of European Cohesion limited prospects for short-term ‘returns’ on Policy. As part of this exercise, considerable social investment and where multiple

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 23 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

El Seminario Permanente de Estudios Chicanos y de Fronteras (SPECHF), Dirección de Etnología y Antropología Social, Instituto Nacional de Antropología Historia (México, D. F., México); el Grupo de Estudios sobre Regionalismo, Integración Económica y Desarrollo, Universidad de Los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela); el Departamento de Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia); el Grupo de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias sobre Espacio Social (G2IES), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (Santa Cruz, Argentina); el Cuerpo Académico 83 Estudios Fronterizos, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México); la Universidad de Finlandia Oriental (Joensuu, Finlandia); la Asociación de Estudios Fronterizos (Instituto de Carelia, Joensuu, Finlandia); y El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (Campeche, Campeche, México), extienden una atenta invitación a participar en el

XV CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL, FRONTERAS Y GLOBALIZACIÓN EN EL CONTINENTE AMERICANO

a realizarse conjuntamente con el

IV CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE CIUDADES FRONTERIZAS

28, 29 y 30 de octubre de 2015 Sede: Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administración (Edificios V y X) Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ) Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México

JUSTIFICACIÓN permitirá la realización de talleres de análisis y Fortalecer el vínculo movimientos sociales - El Congreso Internacional sobre Integración discusión, mesas redondas, coloquios, paneles, academia. Regional, Fronteras y Globalización en el presentaciones de libros, videoconferencias, Incentivar y promover las aproximaciones Continente Americano, históricamente se ha exhibición de videodocumentales e intercambio comparativas entre los países de la región para venido constituyendo desde 1996 como un académico con discusión abierta sobre los analizar problemáticas comunes. siguientes espacio que, desde la ilosoía de la praxis, nos Impulsar el estudio y la relexión crítica a los permita avanzar en algunos aspectos de una conceptos de fronteras y límites. Así como el relexión crítica, para contribuir con ello a un EJES TEMÁTICOS conocimiento de la realidad social de las mayor entendimiento de nuestra realidad, ciudades fronterizas. siempre marcada por la investigación para la 1. LOS PROCESOS DE INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL acción y la construcción de una postura FRENTE A LA CRISIS GLOBAL Dirigido a: consecuente frente a nuestros problemas más 2. TRATADOS DE LIBRE COMERCIO Y PLANES Investigadoras/es, docentes, estudiantes, apremiantes de la región y el continente. GEOESTRATÉGICOS activistas e integrantes de organizaciones En su XV edición este congreso se realizará 3. MILITARIZACIÓN Y SEGURIDAD REGIONAL sociales. conjuntamente, como lo ha hecho en otras 4. MIGRACIONES, DESPLAZAMIENTOS ocasiones con otros eventos, con la IV edición del FORZADOS Y REFUGIO INFORMACIÓN PRÁCTICA: Congreso Internacional de Ciudades Fronterizas, el cual se ha llevado a cabo desde 2009 en la 5. NUEVOS MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES Y Los gastos de transporte, alojamiento y Universidad Autónoma de Cudad Juárez (UACJ). EXPERIENCIAS DE ORGANIZACIÓN alimentación correrán por cuenta de las y los participantes, de las instituciones, La dinámica del Congreso busca integrar 6. LAS FRONTERAS DE CARA A LA INTEGRACION organizaciones, colectivos y movimientos de los diversas formas de discusión y debate que han 7. SEGURIDAD Y MILITARIZACIÓN FRONTERIZA cuales forman parte. Debido a que las sido relevantes durante casi veinte años de instalaciones de la Universidad Autónoma de trabajo colectivo en nuestro proyecto/programa 8. TRANSCULTURACIÓN TRANSFRONTERIZA Ciudad Juárez se localizan en una zona donde los general sobre Integración Regional, Fronteras y 9. CIUDADES FRONTERIZAS Y GOBIERNOS servicios alimenticios (restaurantes) no están Globalización en el Continente Americano. Se LOCALES cercanos a las mismas, el Comité Organizador trata de presentar no sólo resultados de análisis 10.CONTRUYENDO UNA AGENDA DE LOS Local acordó contratar los servicios de una e investigaciones, sino de establecer nuevos ESTUDIOS CRÍTICOS DE LA FRONTERAS empresa de banquetes que lleve los alimentos a mecanismos de trabajo colectivo la propia Universidad con un costo de USD interdisciplinario y, en lo posible, acercamientos $30.00 (treinta dólares) o $ 400.00 a trabajos comparados. En esta ocasión, se trata OBJETIVOS: (Cuatrocientos pesos) por los tres días, los cuales de enfatizar una mirada crítica del concepto de deberán ser pagados al momento de la frontera y sus manifestaciones económicas, Exponer los impactos de la crisis económica inscripción. políticas, sociales, psicológicas, culturales, legales global en los ámbitos económicos, políticos y y territoriales; y que además, se cuestione la sociales del Hemisferio Occidental. Al término del congreso, los días 31 de octubre y propia existencia de las fronteras en un mundo Consolidar la relexión colectiva y las formas de 1 de noviembre se realizará una visita a la globalizado, desde una perspectiva trabajo conjuntas sobre las temáticas a abordar. ciudad fronteriza de El Paso, Texas. Los gastos democratizadora. correrán por parte de las y los interesados (favor Aportar herramientas metodológicas a procesos de enviar una nota junto al resumen de la Además de una visita a la ciudad fronteriza de el de resistencia y de relexión sobre las ponencia si está interesado(a) en esta actividad). Paso, Texas (para aquellos interesados en alternativas de integración regional. Se requiere visa vigente otorgada por los Estados participar en ella), la estructura del congreso Unidos para poder cruzar la frontera.

24 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Fecha límite para recibir resúmenes: Observatório das Fronteiras do Platô das Guianas - Centro de Investigación y Servicio en Economía y 15 de junio de 2015 (con extensión de una cuartilla OBFRON/UNIFAP Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Comercio Agropecuario (CISECA), División de como máximo, espacio y medio, letra Times New Regional, Universidade Federal do Amapá (Zerão - Ciencias Económico Administrativas, Universidad Roman 12, margen normal, tamaño carta) Macapá – Amapá) Autónoma de Chapingo (Chapingo, Estado de México). Fecha límite para recibir ponencias de las Colombia Seminario Permanente de Estudios Fronterizos, personas interesadas en que sean integradas en Departamento de Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México una Memoria en versión CD, la cual se entregará Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de durante el congreso: (Medellín) Yucatán (Mérida, Yucatán) 30 de septiembre de 2015 (cuya extensión será de 20 a Instituto de Estudios Políticos (IEP), Universidad de Centro de Estudios de Fronteras y Chicanos, A. C.-sede 25 cuartillas a espacio y medio, letra tipo Times New Antioquia (Medellín) Chiapas (San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas) Roman 12, margen normal, tamaño carta, en formato Grupo de Investigación Género, Subjetividad y Centro de Estudios Estratégicos de América del Norte, Word para Windows). Sociedad (GIGSS), Instituto de Estudios Regionales A. C. (México, D. F.) Fecha límite para la entrega de ponencias al (INER), Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín) Venezuela Comité Organizador para su dictamen y posible Semillero de Estudios Políticos Rurales, adscrito al Grupo de Estudios sobre Regionalismo, Integración publicación en libro: Grupo de Gobierno y Asuntos Públicos, Facultad de Económica y Desarrollo, Univ. de los Andes (Mérida) Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, Universidad de 5 de diciembre de 2015 (lo cual permite la Grupo de Investigación sobre Comunicación, Antioquia (Medellín) incorporación de las discusiones realizadas en el Integración y Desarrollo (GICID), Universidad de Los evento). Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad de Andes – Núcleo Táchira (San Cristóbal) La Salle (Bogotá) Favor de enviar los resúmenes y ponencias a las Departamento de Economía y Finanzas, Facultad de Corporación para la Investigación Acción en Sociedad, siguiente tres direcciones electrónicas: Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas, U. del Zulia (Maracaibo) Salud y Cultura (CISSC) (Bogotá) Laboratorio de Investigación en Estudios del Trabajo Dr.Juan Manuel Sandoval Palacios: Grupo de Investigación Ciempiés, Universidad de (LAINET), Universidad de Carabobo (Valencia) (*) [email protected] Santander (UDES) (San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Grupo de Investigación en Género (GIG), Universidad Dr. Hector Antonio Padilla Delgado: [email protected] Santander) de Carabobo (Valencia) (*) Dra. Consuelo Pequeño: Centro de Estudios sobre Fronteras y Desarrollo Redes de cooperación científica internacional [email protected] Territorial (Frondeter) (San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Asociación de Estudios Fronterizos, Instituto de Publicación de ponencias en libro: Santander) Carelia (Joensuu, Finlandia); Grupo de Investigación Gestión Integral del Territorio Las ponencias, serán sometidas a un Comité Conferencia Binacional en Asuntos Fronterizos / y Proyecto de Investigación "Sistema Metropolitano Dictaminador y las que sean seleccionadas serán Binational Conference on Border Issues (Tijuana, Baja Binacional", Universidad de Pamplona, sede Villa del publicadas. Para tal efecto, el Comité enviará california, México; San Diego, california, U. S. A.) Rosario (Norte de Santander) posteriormente las normas editoriales detalladas que Consortium for Comparative Research on Regional deberán incorporar. Dependiendo de la cantidad de los Estados Unidos Integration and Social Cohesion (RISC), con sede en el materiales seleccionados y de los recursos disponibles, California-México Project, FO2-213, Department of Unité de Recherche IPSE, Université du Luxembourg se publicarán uno o varios libros temáticos los cuales Chicano and Latino Studies, California State (Luxemburgo) serán coeditados por algunas de las instituciones University-Long Beach (CSULB) (Long, Beach, Red Políticas Públicas y Desarrollo Rural en América convocantes. California) Latina (PP-AL) California-Mexico Studies Center, Inc. (Los Angeles Redes sociales California) INSTITUCIONES CONVOCANTES Red Mexicana de Acción frente al Libre Comercio Mexican American Studies in Spanish / Estudios Argentina (RMALC). Méxicoamericanos en Español, Spanish and Grupo de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias sobre Portuguese Section, School of International Letters and Coordinadores: Espacio Social (G2IES), Universidad Nacional de la Cultures (SILC), Arizona State University at Tempe Dr. Juan Manuel Sandoval Palacios, Seminario Patagonia Austral (Santa Cruz) (Tempe, Arizona) Permanente de Estudios Chicanos y de Fronteras, Instituto Superior de Estudios Ambientales (ISEA), Finlandia (DEAS-INAH), Distrito Federal (México): Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Córdoba) Universidad de Finlandia Oriental (Joensuu, [email protected] Laboratorio de Desertificación y Ordenamiento Finlandia) Dra. Raquel Álvarez de Flores, Grupo de Estudios Territorial (LADyOT), Consejo Nacional de Luxemburgo sobre Regionalismo, Integración Económica y Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Desarrollo, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida Grupo de Trabajo sobre Desarrollo, Equidad y (Mendoza) (Venezuela): rafl[email protected] Coherencia de Políticas Públicas, Consortium for Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales (CEUR), Comparative Research on Regional Integration and Dra. Sara Yaneth Fernández Moreno, Departamento Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Social Cohesion (RISC), con sede en el Unité de de Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Técnicas (CONICET) (Buenos Aires) Recherche IPSE, Université du Luxembourg. Humanas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Brasil Antioquia (Colombia): [email protected] México Laboratório do Espaço Social (LABES), Universidade Dr. Alejandro Fabian Schweitzer, CONICET - Seminario Permanente de Estudios Chicanos y de Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Fronteras, Dirección de Etnología y Antropología Laboratório Estado e Território (LABETER). Gallegos, Santa Cruz (Argentina): Social-Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto [email protected] (México, D. F.) Alegre) Cuerpo Académico 83: “Estudios Fronterizos”, Comité organizador local: Grupo de Pesquisas Espaço, Fronteira, Informação e Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Dr. Hector Antonio Padilla Delgado, Tecnologia (GREFIT). Universidade Federal do Rio Ciencias Sociales y Administración, Universidad Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre) Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (Cd Juárez, Chihuahua) Ciencias Sociales y Administración, Universidad Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (POSGEA), El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (Campeche, Campeche) Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez: [email protected] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Dra. Consuelo Pequeño Rodriguez, Cuerpo Alegre) (*) Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua) Académico 83 Estudios Fronterizos, Departamento de Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento Urbano Cuerpo Académico: “Procesos de Integración Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y e Regional (PROPUR), Faculdade de Arquitetura, Económica”; y Posgrado en Integración Económica, Administración, Univ. Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Dra. Martha Patricia Barraza de Anda, Cuerpo Alegre) (*) Sonora (Hermosillo, Sonora) Académico 83 Estudios Fronterizos, Departamento de Grupo de Pesquisas "Integrações econômicas Cuerpo Académico: “Estudios Sociales de la Frontera Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y binacionais e desenvolvimento social em regiões de Norte” (CAEF-UNISON-161), Universidad de Sonora Administración, Univ. Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez fronteiras, Universidade Federal do Pampa (Santana do (Nogales, Sonora) Dr. Luis Antonio Payan Alvarado, Cuerpo Livramento) Cuerpo Académico “Política Económica”, Facultad de Académico 83 Estudios Fronterizos, Departamento de Grupo RETIS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Economía, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y (Rio de Janeiro) Puebla (Puebla, Puebla) Administración, Univ. Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez

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U p c o m i n g C o n f e r e n s e s

2 0 1 6 August 30–September 2 The fifth EUGEO Congress “Convergences and Divergences of Geography in October 4–7 ABS Europe Conference: Differences Europe” Budapest, (Hungary). and discontinuities in a “Europe without borders” University of Luxembourg, (Lux.) August 17–21 IGU Commission on Political Geography at the International Geographical Union May 17–20 BRIT XV conference “Cities, States and Regional Conference, Moscow, (Russia) Borders – From the Local to the Global” University of Southern Denmark, Hafen City University Hamburg June 6-11 6th Urban Space and Social Life: Theory and the University of Hamburg, Hamburg and Practice. City University of Hong Kong, Hong (Germany) and Sønderborg (Denmark). Kong; Zhuhai City Polytechnic, Zhuhai; University of Macau, Macau May 20–22 V Seminário de Estudos Fronteiriços 2 0 1 5 Corumbá, Bolivia and Paraguay borders. (Brazil) Contact: Profa. Dra. Adriana Dorfman, November 6–7 The State in/of Borderlands History/ [email protected] El Estado en/de la Historia de la Región Fronteriza University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, (USA) May 7–8 Comparative Border Studies in North America, University of Texas at Brownsville; October 28–30 XV Congreso Internacional Sobre Brownsville, TX, (USA). Integración Regional, Fronteras y Globalización en el Continente Americano, a Realizarse Conjuntamente April 21–25 Association of American Geographers con el IV Congreso Internacional de Ciudades (AAG) Annual Meeting 2015. Chicago (USA). Fronterizas, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (México). April 20 The 28th Annual PGSG Pre-conference for October 14–17 New Horizons in Canadian Studies” the AAG Chicago meeting. Contact: Reece Jones and Association of Canadian Studies in the United States Natalie Koch at [email protected] (ACSUS) 23rd Biennial Conference. The Tuscany April 8–11 57th ABS/WSSA Annual Suites and Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada, (USA) Conference Portland, Oregon, Portland Marriott October 1–2 North American In/Securities: A Local- Downtown Waterfront. Global Nexus. University of Turku, (Finland), jmc@utu.fi September 23–25 Transnational and Transborder Familial and Gender Relations: Comparing the Influence of Blurred and Brittle Borders. University IBRU Professional Training Workshops for 2015 of Oxford, (U.K.) Preparing for Third Party Settlement of Boundary And Territorial September 25–26 “Interactive Borderland? Re- Disputes, 4-6 May 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands in Partnership with Eversheds LLP https://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/workshops/2015/ thinking Networks and Organisations in Europe”, thirdparty/ Goethe Institute, Riga. Organised by IRTG “Baltic Archive Research for Boundary Disputes Resolution, 21-23 September Borderlands” at the Universities in Lund (Sweden), 2015, London, United Kingdom https://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/ Tartu (Estonia), Greifswald (Germany), workshops/2015/archiveresearch/ September 8–10 10th Annual WCO Picard Defining, Delimiting and Managing the Outer Continental Shelf, 16-18 November 2015, Washington DC, USA in Partnership with Conference, Organized by The World Customs Foley Hoag LLP https://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru/workshops/2015/ Organization (WCO) and the Azerbaijan Customs continentalshelf/ Service, Baku, (Azerbaijan)

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International Studies Association (ISA) 56th in Rio Grande Valley History (Vol. 13) P u b l i c a t i o n s Annual Conference 2015, New Orleans, Brownsville, TX: University of Texas at Louisiana, USA, 18-21 February 2015. Brownsville, pp. 339-359. Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). Administrative D'Amelio, D. (2014). Democristiani di Amilhat Szary, A-L & F. Giraut (forthcoming Surveillance and Fear: Implications for U.S.- confine. Ascesa e declino del «partito 2015). Borderities: The Politics of Mexico Border Relations and italiano» a Trieste fra difesa dell’italianità e Contemporary Mobile Borders. Basingstoke: Governance” (co-authored with T. Garrett and normalizzazione adriatica (1945-1979). In: Palgrave Macmillan. M. Keck). European Review of Latin American Contemporanea. Rivista di storia dell'800 e and Caribbean Studies 96, 35-53. del '900, vol. 3, [Christian Democrats at the Amilhat Szary, A-L. (2014). Latin American Border. The Rise and Fall of the «Italian Party» Borders on the Lookout: Recreating borders Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). Militarización y in Trieste between Defence of Italianity and through art in the Mercosul. In: Placing the Seguridad Ciudadana en Tamaulipas: Dilemas Adriatic Normalization (1945-1979)] Border in Everyday Life, R. Jones & C. de la Sociedad Civil y Límites a la Jonhson, eds, Ashgate, p. 346-378. Participación Ciudadana en una Entidad D'Amelio, D. (2014). La normalizzazione donde el Estado Perdió el Monopolio de la adriatica. Il moroteismo, la questione di Amilhat Szary, A-L. (2014). Natures of Violencia. In: Seguridad Ciudadana en Trieste e i nuovi rapporti italo-jugoslavi negli Borders: from Historical to Prospective México. Monterrey, Nuevo León: Woodrow anni del centro-sinistra. In: Una vita, un Epistemologies. In: M. Ramutsindela, ed. Wilson Center, CAF - Development Bank of paese. Aldo Moro e l’Italia del Novecento, Cartographies of Nature: How Nature Latin America and Instituto Tecnológico de Rubbettino [The Adriatic Normalization. Conservation Animates Borders. New Castle Monterrey. Moroteism, the Question of Trieste and the upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. New Italo-Jugoslav Relations in the Centre-Left 31-53 Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). Seguridad y Years] Migración en las Dos Fronteras de México: Amilhat Szary, A-L. (2015). Qu'est-ce qu'une Diagnóstico y Recomendaciones de Política y Dell'agnese, E.& A-L Amilhat Szary (2015). frontière aujourd'hui?, Paris, PUF. Cooperación Regional. Revista Migración y Borderscapes: From Border Landscapes to Amilhat Szary, A-L. & F. Marie-Christine Desarrollo 12(22), 147-171. Border Aesthetics. Introduction to a Special issue. Geopolitics, 20(1): 1-10. (2013). Frontière, frontiers. Entry of the second Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). The edition of the second edition of the Phenomenology of Perception and Fear: Dörry, S, and Walther O. (2015). Contested Dictionnaire de la Géographie et de l’Espace Security and the Reality of the U.S.-Mexico relational policy spaces in two European des Sociétés, edited by Jacques Lévy et Michel Border (co-authored with T. Garrett). Journal of border regions. Environment and Planning A, Lussault, éditions BELIN. Borderlands Studies 29(2), 243-255. 47(2). Brambilla, C., J. Laine, J. W. Scott & G. Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). Violence on the Hall, T. D. (2013). “Reflections on Violence in Bocchi, eds. (2015, forthcoming). ‘Forgotten’ Border: Mexico’s Drug War, the the Spanish Borderlands: A Review Essay” on Borderscaping: Imaginations and Practices of State, and Paramilitarization of Organized Chiricahua and Janos by Lance R. Blyth. Border Making. Ashgate, London. Crime in Tamaulipas in a ‘New Democratic Cliodynamics, 4: 171–184. Brown, C. (2015). Scale and Subnational Era’. Journal of Borderlands Studies 29:4, 419-433. Hall, T. D. (2014). Ethnicity and World- Resource Management: Transnational Systems Analysis. In: J. McInerney, ed. A Initiatives in the Salish Sea Region. Review of Correa-Cabrera, G. (2014). Women and Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Policy Research. 32(1): 60-78. Violence on the ‘Forgotten’ Border.” In Milo Mediterranean, pp. 50-65. New York: Wiley- Brunet-Jailly, E. (2014). A Review of Cross- Kearney, Anthony Knopp, and Antonio Blackwell. Border Cooperation in North America in Iva Zavaleta, eds. Still More Studies in Rio Grande Valley History (Vol. 12). Brownsville, TX: Hall, T. D. (2014). Toward Comparative Miranda and Luis Dominguez (2014) EU Cross Globalizations: Globalization in Historical Border Cooperation. Routledge, London. University of Texas at Brownsville, pp. 233-254. Retrospective and World-Systems Analysis. Brunet-Jailly, E. (forthcoming 2015). On the Journal of Globalization Studies, 5(1): 3-10. Correa-Cabrera, G. (2015, Forthcoming). agency of border in Between the Lines – Social Hall, T. D. (2015). A ‘Perfect Storm’ in the ecologies in border landscapes, Grichting Inequalities and Global Flows in Mexico’s Northeastern Border: The Effects of Migration, Collapse of Bronze Age Civilization? Useful Anna and Michele Zebich-Knos eds. Insights and Roads not Taken: A Review Essay University of Chicago Press. Commerce, Hydrocarbons, and Transnational Organized Crime. Canadian Journal of Latin on Cline’s 1177. Cliodynamics 5: 75-86. Brunet-Jailly, E., ed. (forthcoming 2015) American and Caribbean Studies 40(3). Hall, T. D. (2015). The Ecology of Herding: Encyclopedia of Border Disputes. ABC Clio/ Conclusions, Questions, Speculations. In: P. Praeger. Correa-Cabrera, G. (2015, Forthcoming). Losing the Monopoly of Violence: The State, a N. Kardulias, ed. The Ecology of Pastoralism, Bukh, A. (2015). Shimane Prefecture, Tokyo Drug War, and the Paramilitarization of pp. 267 – 280. Boulder: University Press of and the Territorial Dispute over Dokdo/ Organized Crime in Mexico Colorado. Takeshima: Regional and National Identities in (2007-2010)” (co-authored with Michelle Konrad, V. (2014). Borders and Culture: Zones Japan. Pacific Review, 28(1), 47-70. Keck and Jose Nava). State Crime Journal 4(2). of Transition, Interaction and Identity in the Chung, A. (2014). Postcolonial Perspectives on Correa-Cabrera, G. (2015, forthcoming). Canada-United States Borderlands. Eurasia Nuclear Non-Proliferation (January 15, 2015). Research Methods and Experiences on the Border Review 5(1): 41-57. ISAC-ISSS Joint Annual 2014 Conference on Eastern Border (Tamaulipas-Texas): Konrad, V. (2014). Borders, Bordered Lands Security Studies, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Paramilitarization of Organized Crime, and Borderlands: Geographical States of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin, Extreme Violence and Social Media. In: T. Insecurity between Canada and the United USA, 14-16 November 2014; ISA Annual Payan and C. Pequeño, eds. The Art of States and the Impacts on Security Primacy, in Convention 2015. Research: Methods and Experiences in E. Vallet, ed. Borders, Fences and Walls: State Crossborder Contexts. Universidad Autónoma of Insecurity? Farnham: Ashgate, 85-102. Chung, A. (2014). Preventing Inaction: The de Ciudad Juarez (UACJ)/Eón. Case for R2P (November 30, 2014). New Konrad, V. (2015). Toward a Theory of Borders Zealand Political Studies Association (NZPSA) Correa-Cabrera, G. (2015). Bilingual College in Motion. Journal of Borderlands Studies 30, Annual Conference, University of Auckland, Education at UTB: Improving Student Success 1: 1-17. December 2014. in the Rio Grande Valley (co-authored with Oralia de los Reyes). In Milo Kearney, Chung, A. (2015). A Comparative Security Anthony Knopp, Antonio Zavaleta, and Analysis of Human Rights and Terrorism. Thomas Daniel Knight, eds. Yet More Studies

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Laine, J. (2014). Co-operation and Security at Mayer, E. P. (2014). Narrating North American Sidaway, J. D. (2015) Mapping Border the EU-Russian Interface. In: Stępniewski, T. et Borderlands: Thomas King, Howard F. Mosher, Studies. Geopolitics 20 (1), 214-222. and Jim Lynch. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. al. (Eds). Central and Eastern Europe: Sohn, C. and Giffinger, R., (2015). A Policy integration, development and security. The Meier, D. (2014). Lebanon: the Refugee Issue Network Approach to Cross-Border Yearbook of the Institute of East-Central and the Threat of a Sectarian Metropolitan Governance: The Cases of Europe 11(6). Confrontation, Oriento Moderno (Brill Vienna and Bratislava. European Planning Laine, J. (2014). Debating Civil Society: publishing), No 94, pp. 382-401. Studies 1–22. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2014.994089 Contested Conceptualizations and Meier, D. (2015). (B)ordering South of Development Trajectories. International Lebanon: Hizbullah’s identity building Stea, D. (2014). Transporte Unimodal e Inter- Journal of Not-for-Profit Law 16(1), 59-77. strategy, Journal of Borderlands Studies (under Modal en Mexico y Centro America. Laine, J. (2014). Opportunities and Challenges publication) ARCHIPIELAGO: Revista Cultural de Nuestra America, 85, 58-60. of Non-state Dialogue across the Finnish- Meier, D. (2015). La frontière israélo-libanaise Russian Border. Annales Scientia Politica 3(1), vécue par les réfugiés palestiniens du Liban : Swartwood, J. (2015). “Frijoles and Cowboys, 4-14. entre stratégies de contournement et Palestine From Richard Henry Dana, Jr. to Cormac rêvée. In: Parizot, C. & eS. Latte-Abdallah McCarthy: Exploring the Roots of Spanish Laine, J. (2014). Something Old, New, (eds), Espaces frontaliers et circulations en Language Use in the Literature of the Borrowed, and Blue: Towards a Bottom-Up Israël/Palestine American Southwest,” Chapter contributed to Agenda of the Finnish-Russian Relations. , Paris, Actes Sud Self-building in Interlanguage: Transatlantic Fennia 192(1). Mekdjian, S. (2014). Les apports du cinéma à Views on Multilingualism, Presses une (géo)graphie des frontières mobiles et des Universitaires du Septentrion, pp. 177-189. Laine, J. (2015). No news is good news? migrations frontalières. Annales de Making the Finnish public image of Russia. Géographie, 784-804. Swartwood, J. (2015). Contested Territories: GeoJournal 80 (1), pp 93-112 Mixed Identity Constructs and Hybrid Culture Mekdjian, S., A-L. Amilhat Szary, M. Moreau, Laine, J. & M. Tervonen (2015). Remaking the in San Diego, California (1770-1920). Pessac, L. Houbey, M. Deme & G. Nasrudden (2014). MSHA. Border: Post-Soviet Borderscapes in the Figurer les entre-deux migratoires. Une Finnish Media. In: Brambilla, C., J. Laine, J. W. expérience scientifique et artistique d'ateliers T.T. Yong, M. M. Rahman and U. AKM Ahsan Scott & G. Bocchi, eds. (2015, forthcoming). de cartographie participative. Carnets de (2014). Political Economy of Remittances: An Borderscaping: Imaginations and Practices of géographes [en ligne]. http:// Introduction. In: Migrant Remittance s in Border Making. Ashgate, London. www.carnetsdegeographes.org/carnets_terrain/ South Asia: Social, Economic, and Political Leuenberger, C. A. (2014). A new age of walls. terrain_07_01_Mekdjian.php implication. T. T.Yong and M. Rahman, and U. Eutopia: Ideas For Europe Magazine, AKM Ahsan, eds, 2014, London: Palgrave Mumme, S. (2015). The Evolution of Natural McMillan. 05.12.2014, http://www.eutopiamagazine.eu/ Resources Conservation Capacity on the U.S.- en/christine-leuenberger/issue/new-age-walls. Mexico Border: Bilateral and Trilateral T.T. Yong, M. M. Rahman and U. AKM Ahsan. Leuenberger, C. A. (2014). Hopelessness as Environmental Agreements since La “Political Economy of Remittances: An luxury: Perspectives from Contested Jerusalem. Paz. Review of Policy Research, 32(1): 19-39. Appraisal’ In Migrant Remittance s in South Asia: Social, Economic, and Political Palestine-Israel Journal, Sep. 23, 2014, http:// Parizot, C., A-L Amilhat Szary, G. Popescu, I. www.pij.org/details.php?blog=1&id=305 implicatio ns. T. T.Yong and M. Rahman, and Arvers, T. Cantens, J. Cristofol, N. Mai, J. Moll U. AKM Ahsan, eds, 2014, London: Palgrave Leuenberger, C. A. (2014). Mosquitos don’t & A. Vion (2014) The antiAtlas of Borders, A McMillan. carry Visas: Walls, Environments and the Hope Manifesto, DOI: for Cooperation in Palestine-Israel” (with 10.1080/08865655.2014.983302, Journal of Raeymaekers, T. (2014). Introduction: Europe’s Ahmad El-Atrash). Palestine-Israel Journal: Borderlands Studies 29 (4), 503-512 bleeding border and the Mediterranean as a Natural Resources and the Arab-Israeli relational space. ACME: An International E- Paül, V. & Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. (2014). La Journal for Critical Geographies, 13(2). Conflict, 19(4) & 20(1). construcción literaria de los paisajes Leuenberger, C. A. (2015). “Building a Neo- fronterizos. Una reflexión a propósito del Raeymaekers, T. (2014). Violent Capitalism liberal Palestinian State under Closure: The Couto Mixto (Galicia y Portugal). Documents and Hybrid Identity in the Eastern Congo Economic and Spatial Implications of Walls d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 60(2), 289-314. Power to the Margins. Cambridge University Press. and Barriers” (with Ahmad Al-Atrash), Paül, V. & Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. (2015). contribution solicited for Economic Sociology Discussing the Couto Mixto (Galicia, Spain): Trillo-Santamaría, J.M & Paül, V. (2014). A European Electronic Newsletter 16/2, 2015: Transcending the Territorial Trap Trough investigaçao sobre o Couto Misto, 21-31. Borderscapes and Border Poetics microestado desaparecido entre a Galiza e Leuprecht, C. & A. Aulthouse (2014). Guns for Analyses. Geopolitics, 20(1), 56-78. Portugal, demonstra que a fronteira hispano- Hire: Mapping Canada-US cross-border gun lusa não e como nos explicaram. GeocritiQ, Pfoser, A. (2015). Between Security and on-line, 25/09/14. trafficking networks. Journal of Criminology, Mobility: Negotiating a Hardening Border Criminal Justice, Law and Society 15(3): Regime in the Russian-Estonian Borderland. Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. & Lois González, R. 57-74. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (online C. (2014). Estrategias para cuestionar el Madsen, K. D. (2014). A basis for bordering: first) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183X. control central del espacio estatal. Acción land, migration, and inter-Tohono O’odham 2015.1015408 exterior y cooperación transfronteriza. Scripta distinction along the U.S.-Mexico Line, in Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Plascencia, L. F.B. (2015). Racialized Policing, Ciencias sociales. [En línea]. Barcelona: Jones, R. and Johnson C. (Eds) Placing the Violence and Latinas/os. Anthropology News. Border in Everyday Life. Ashgate, London, pp. Universidad de Barcelona Vol. XVIII, núm. 93-116. Richardson, P. (2015). ‘Blue National Soil’ and 493 (49), 1 de noviembre de 2014. the Unwelcome Return of ‘Classical’ Madsen, K. D. (2014). Contextualizing cultural Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. & Paül, V. (2014). An Geopolitics." Global Change, Peace & Alternative Model of Tourism Development in landscapes and political geography with Security, 27(2). montage. you are here. XXVI: 42-45. Marginal Border Areas: Giving Voice to Locals Richardson, P. (2015). Russia’s ‘Last Barren in the Western Galician-Portuguese Raia Madsen, K. D. (2015). Graffiti, art, and Islands: The Southern Kurils and the Seca. In KIM, D.-C.; FIRMINO, A.M. & advertising: re-scaling claims to space at the territorialisation of regional memory’. In: ICHIKAWA, Y. (eds.): Globalization and New edges of the nation-state. Geopolitics, 20(1): Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Challenges of Agricultural and Rural Systems. 95-120. Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin, Abingdon: (IGU). Nagoya: Nagoya University. pp. Routledge, pp.158-173. 20-34.

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Ullah Ahsan, AKM (2014). Refugee Politics in Walker, M. A. (2014). 'Everybody Wants to New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars the Middle East and the Africa: Human Rights, Avoid Mexico': NGOs and Border Publishing. Safety and Identity. London: Palgrave Geographies. Journal of Latin American McMillan. Geography, 13(3): 137-158. Więckowski, M., (2013). Eco-frontier in the mountainous borderlands of Central Europe: Ullah Ahsan, AKM and H. Akram Mallik. Walker, M. A. (2015). Borders, one- the case of Polish border parks. Journal of “Remittances of Deceased Migrants in dimensionality, and illusion in the war on Alpine Research 2013, 101-3. Bangladesh’ In Migrant Remittance s in South drugs. Environment and Planning D: Society Asia: Social, Economic, and Political and Space, 33(1): 84 – 100. Więckowski, M., Michniak, D., Bednarek- implicatio ns. Yong Tai Ta and Rahman Szczepańska, M., Chrenka, B., Ira, V., Widdis, R. W. (2015). Looking Through the Mizanur, and Ullah AKM Ahsan, eds, 2014, Komornicki, T., Rosik, P., Stępniak, M., London: Palgrave McMillan. Mirror: A Historical Geographical View of the Canadian-American Borderlands. Journal of Szekely, V., Śleszyński, P., Świątek, D., Ullah Ahsan, AKM and Huque Ahmed S. Borderlands Studies 30(2). Wiśniewski, R., (2014). Road accessibility to Asian (2014). Immigrants in North America tourist destinations of the Polish-Slovak with HIV/AIDS: Stigma, Vulnerabilities and Widdis, R. W. (2015). The Spatial Grammar of borderland: 2010-2030 prediction and Human Rights. Springer. Migration Within the Canadian-American planning. Geographia Polonica, 87 (1):5-26 Borderlands at the Turn of the Twentieth Ullah Ahsan, AKM, Hossain Akram Mallik and Centur. In: A. Freund and B. Bryce, eds., Yong Tang Tai and Rahman Md Mizanur and Islam Kazi Maruful (2015, in press). Migrants Entangling North America: Space and Ullah AKM Ahsan (eds). Migrant Remittances and Workers fatalities. London: Palgrave Migration History (Gainesville: University in South Asia: Social, Economic and Political McMillan. Press of Florida), 61-96. Implications. London: Palgrave McMillan. 2014. Vaughan-Williams, N. (2015). "We are not Więckowski M. 2014. Overlapping Political animals!" Humanitarian Border Security and and Ecological Borders on the Polish Zartman, I. W. (2014), SAIS-The Johns Zoopolitical Spaces in Europe. Political Borderlands. In: Ramutsindela, M. (ed) Hopkins University, "Middle East Border: Geography, 45: 1-10. Cartographies of Nature: How Nature Permeable but Immovable," European Conservation Animates Borders, pp. 219-237. University Institute conference on Borders in Transition: Rethinking Sovereignty, Domestic

2015 Member Directory will be published in the Fall issue (November 2015)

The Association for Borderlands Studies (ABS) is the leading international scholarly association dedicated exclusively to the systematic interchange of ideas and information relating to international border areas. Founded in 1976 with the original emphasis on the study of the United States-Mexico borderlands region, the Association has grown steadily and become more global. It now encompasses an interdisciplinary membership of scholars and other stakeholders at close to three hundred academic, governmental institutions, and NGOs representing all continents.

ABS maintains relations with institutions and associations with similar interests globally. The annual meeting every April provides a forum for a wide range of topics on border regions around the world. The ABS also co-sponsors other meetings on border topics.

Benefits of ABS Membership

• A subscription to the Journal of Borderlands Studies (4 numbers annually) • Access to an online database of archived volumes of the Journal of Borderlands Studies • A window on our profession offered by the ABS newsletter La Frontera • Access to participation at the Annual Conference • Networking and other professional opportunities, and much more. ! Become a Member

• Please contact the ABS Executive Secretariat: absexec@uef.fi ! ! absborderlands.org

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 29 LA FRONTERA 35(2)

Border Regions Series Series Editor: Doris Wastl-Walter, University of Bern, Switzerland

In recent years, borders have taken on an immense signifcance. Throughout the world they have shifted, been constructed and dismantled, and become physical barriers between socio-political ideologies. They may separate societies with very diferent cultures, histories, national identities or economic power, or divide people of the same ethnic or cultural identity.

As manifestations of some of the world’s key political, economic, societal and cultural issues, borders and border regions have received much academic attention over the past decade. This valuable series publishes high quality research monographs and edited comparative volumes that deal with all aspects of border regions, both empirically and theoretically. It will appeal to scholars interested in border regions and geopolitical issues across the whole range of social sciences.

SERIES For more information, please visit www.ashgate.com/borderregions

COMING SOON Borderscaping: Mobility and Israelis and Imaginations and Migration Choices Palestinians in the Practices of Border Thresholds to Crossing Borders Shadows of the Wall Making Edited by Martin van der Velde Spaces of Separation and Ton van Naerssen Edited by Chiara Brambilla, and Occupation Jussi Laine, James W. Scott “Despite the near-exponential increase in literature and and Gianluca Bocchi research on migration/mobility, surprisingly little attention Edited by Stéphanie Latte Abdallah has been paid to the nitty-gritty of the mobility decision- and Cédric Parizot Using the borderscapes concept, this book ofers an making process. Built around the innovative threshold approach to border studies that expresses the multilevel approach to border-crossing, this book does a wonderful job Shedding light on the recent mutations of the Israeli complexity of borders, from the geopolitical to social of illustrating the application of this core concept with a rich separation policy, this book argues that this policy has practice and cultural production at and across the border. variety of case-studies from around the world.” reinforced the interconnectedness of Israeli and —Russell King, University of Sussex, UK Palestinian lives and their spaces. Includes 21 b&w illustrations Oct 2015 | 272 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4724-5146-0 | $119.95 Includes 30 b&w illustrations Aug 2015 | 320 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4094-5803-6 | $119.95 Includes 14 b&w illustrations and 9 maps June 2015 | 310 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4724-4888-0 | $124.95

Borders, Fences Placing the Border The Border Multiple and Walls in Everyday Life The Practicing of Borders between Edited by Reece Jones Public Policy and Everyday Life State of Insecurity? and Corey Johnson Edited by Elisabeth Vallet in a Re-scaling Europe Placing the Border in Everyday Life complicates the “With its rich collection of contributions, this volume connection between borders and sovereign states by Edited by Dorte Jagetic Andersen, illustrates the diversity amongst physical borders in diferent identifying the individuals and organizations that engage Martin Klatt and Marie Sandberg parts of the world. It is an important and very welcome in border work at a range of scales and places. This edited addition to the border studies literature.” volume includes contributions from major international “Moving from the practices of Ukrainian smugglers to policy making in Brussels this book gives a refreshingly new —Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly, University of Victoria, Canada scholars in the feld of border studies and allied disciplines who analyze where and why border work is done. By and impressive analysis of the changing roles of borders Includes 14 b&w illustrations combining a new theorization of border work beyond the in Europe.” Aug 2014 | 298 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4724-2966-7 | $119.95 state with rich empirical case studies, this book makes a —Orvar Löfgren, Lund University, Sweden ground-breaking contribution to the study of borders and the state in the era of globalization. Includes 9 b&w illustrations and 2 maps Sept 2012 | 276 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4094-3708-6 | $119.95 Includes 10 b&w illustrations May 2014 | 276 pages | Hardback | 978-1-4724-2454-9 | $109.95

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30 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland LA FRONTERA 35(2)

NEW: Green OA policy allows authors to Subscriptions to the Journal of Borderlands Journal of post their Accepted manuscripts without Studies are provided automatically to all embargo to their personal or departmental paying members of the ABS. website, as well as a short note on journal Borderlands selector sites Studies Volume 29, Issue 4, 2014 Peer Review Statement Special Issue: The Multiple US–Mexico Borders All submissions to this journal undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial editor An Introduction to the Multiple US–Mexico screening and double-blind review by at least Borders two referees, although in many instances Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera & Kathleen Staudt three referees are used.

Journal of Borderlands Studies uses Undocumented Families in Times of Deportation at the San Diego–Tijuana Border ScholarOne Manuscripts (previously Manuscript Central) to peer review Olivia T. Ruiz Marrujo manuscript submissions. Please read the Politics, Process, Culture and Human Folly: guide for ScholarOne authors before making Life among Arizonans and the Reality of a a submission Transborder World Carlos G. Vélez-Ibáñez & Elsie Szecsy

Violence on the “Forgotten” Border: Mexico's Manuscript Submission Drug War, the State, and the Paramilitarization of Organized Crime in All submissions should be made online at the Tamaulipas in a “New Democratic Era” Journal of Borderlands Studies ScholarOne Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera Manuscripts site. New users should first

ISSN 0886-5655 (Print), 2159-1229 (Online) create an account. Once a user is logged onto Ciudad Juárez: A Perfect Storm on the US– the site submissions should be made via the Mexico Border Publication Frequency Author Centre. Tony Payan 4 issues per year. 4 issues will be print. Whither the Environmental Disclaimer Nongovernmental Organizations on Multiple Journal of Borderlands Studies (JBS) is the The Association for Borderlands Studies and Regions of the US–Mexico Border? primary publication of the Association for our publisher Taylor & Francis make every Irasema Coronado Borderlands Studies, which has distinguished effort to ensure the accuracy of all the itself as a leading forum for borderlands information (the “Content”) contained in our The Border, Performed in Films: Produced in research. Widely consulted by educators, publications. However, the Association and both Mexico and the US to “Bring Out the practitioners and researchers, the journal our publisher Taylor & Francis, our agents, Worst in a Country” encourages the submission of papers from all and our licensors make no representations or Kathleen Staudt social science, humanities and business warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, disciplines focusing on borderlands issues. completeness, or suitability for any purpose A Tale of Two Mexican Border Cities: The Rise of the Content. Any opinions and views and Decline of Drug Violence in Juárez and The journal publishes work from any Tijuana expressed in this publication are the opinions discipline that illuminates border problems, and views of the authors, and are not the David A. Shirk characteristics, issues and realities in any part views of or endorsed by the Association and of the world; the border emphasis is global. “The antiAtlas of Borders, A Manifesto” our publisher Taylor & Francis. The accuracy Papers should deal in a substantive way with of the Content should not be relied upon and Cédric Parizot, Anne Laure Amilhat Szary, the border-related aspects of a topic. should be independently verified with Gabriel Popescu, Isabelle Arvers, Thomas Submissions should not just be the results of a Cantens, Jean Cristofol, Nicola Mai, Joana Moll & primary sources of information. The study in a region near a border without Antoine Vion Association and our publisher Taylor & significant consideration of border or Francis shall not be liable for any losses, transborder influences and characteristics. actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, + BOOK REVIEWS expenses, damages, and other liabilities Since 2011, the Association for Borderlands + ABS WORLD CONFERENCE REPORT Studies’s Journal is published in the UK by whatsoever or howsoever caused arising Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Group, directly or indirectly in connection with, in http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rjbs20/current# Informa UK Limited. Libraries and relation to or arising out of the use of the institutional subscribers are asked to please Content. Terms & Conditions of access and contact their Customer Services at: use can be found at http:// [email protected] for pricing www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and- information. conditions

ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland 31 LA FRONTERA 35(2) La Frontera The Association for La Association for MEMBERSHIP conference. Next conference ABS and CIBR have Borderlands Studies (ABS) Borderlands Studies (ABS) Membership benefits include will be in April 8-11, 2014 in collaborated in the is the leading international es la principal entidad the Journal of Borderlands Portland, Oregon. compilation of an extensive scholarly association internacional y académica Studies, our online newsletter, selected Borders dedicated exclusively to the que se dedica exclusivamente La Fronterra. Members FUTURE CONFERENCES Bibliography. The systematic interchange of al intercambio constante de receive information about • 2016 Reno, Nevada – bibliography contains work on ideas and information ideas e información international borderlands April 13 – 16 state borders, border regions, relating to international relacionadas con las áreas conferences. • 2017 San Francisco, borderlands, cross-border co- border areas. Founded in fronterizas internacionales. California – April 12 – 15 operation and trans-national 1976 with the original Fundada en 1976 con el JOURNAL • 2018 San Antonio, Texas governance. It is available in emphasis on the study of the original énfasis en el estudio Our primary publication is the – April 4 – 7 sections corresponding to United States-Mexico de la región fronteriza entre Journal of Borderlands • 2019 San Diego, regional categories, or can be borderlands region, the Estados Unidos y México, la Studies, published four times California – April 24 – 27 accessed as a single file Association has grown asociación ha estado en a year. It has, for more than a ordered alphabetically by steadily. It now encompasses constante crecimiento. A día decade, distinguished itself as RESOURCES author. an interdisciplinary de hoy, abarca la sociedad a leading forum for ABS is in the process of membership of scholars at interdisciplinaria de miembros borderlands research. forging links with other Suggestions for new more than one hundred académicos para más de cien research institutions references are welcome. academic, governmental instituciones internationally, most recently Contact: [email protected] institutions, and NGOs gubernamentales y CONFERENCES with The Centre for ABS is endeavoring to keep representing the Americas, académicas, y para ONG ABS Annual Meetings are International Borders the links as accurate and up- Asia, Africa and Europe. presentes en América, Asia, held with the Western Social Research (CIBR). África y Europa. Science Association‘s annual to-date as possible.

Officers Dr. Martin van der Velde — President Dr. Akihiro Iwashita — President Elect & 2015 Conference Chair Dr. Martha Patricia Barraza de Anda - Vice President Dr. Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera - 2nd Vice President Dr. Victor Konrad — Past President Dr. Jussi P. Laine — Executive Secretary & Treasurer Dr. James W. Scott — Vice Executive Secretary Board of Directors 2012-2015 Term Dr. Francisco Lara-Valencia Dr. Kathleen (Kathy) Staudt (2014-2015) Dr. Naomi H. Chi 2013-2016 Term Dr. Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary Dr. Paul P. Richardson Dr. T. Mark Montoya 2014-2017 Term Dr. Joan B. Anderson Dr. Adriana Dorfman Dr. Christophe Sohn Executive Secretary Contact by email: absexec@uef.fi or via mail at:

ABS Executive Secretariat c/o Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland

32 ABS Executive Secretariat - Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland - PO Box 111 - FI-80101 - Joensuu, Finland