Air Quality Annual Status Report 2020

Newcastle City Council

2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Newcastle City Council

Local Authority Michael Terry Officer Senior Environmental Health Practitioner Department Environmental Protection Newcastle City Council Civic Centre Address Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH Telephone +44 (0)191 2116147

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference NCC_ASR_2020 number Date June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Newcastle City Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

In the City of Newcastle, the main pollutant of concern is NO2, with the primary source being from road vehicle exhaust. Newcastle City Council (NCC) have declared two air quality management areas due to monitored exceedances of the annual mean NO2 objective (https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/environment-and-waste/pollution/air- pollution/monitoring-air-quality):

• City centre; and

• Gosforth.

Annual mean NO2 concentrations measured in 2019 continue to exceed the annual mean objective at many sites in the centre and on key routes.

No significant new emission sources were identified since the previous ASR, and the most significant source of atmospheric pollution continues to be emissions from road traffic. The concern is predominantly high concentrations of NO2 in the City of

Newcastle, although it is recognised that fine (PM10) and ultra-fine (PM2.5) particulate matter can have health effects at concentrations below the NAQS.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

The Air Quality Action Plans (AQAP) for Newcastle City Centre and Gosforth were adopted in February 2006 and May 2011 respectively, to satisfy the statutory

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i

requirements of Defra’s Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) regime for local authorities that have declared Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs).

A summary of the actions that have been adopted and are currently included in the City’s Air Quality Action Plan is presented below.

Action Residents parking permits - 18,000 residents/visitor parking permits issued. Specific bus corridors including bus lanes, or segregation of buses - St. Mary’s Place bus corridor scheme implemented. Consideration is now being given to Sandyford Road Corridor. Increase public transport priority - Intro of bus priority enforcement on John Dobson Street (JDS), Tyne Bridge, High Level etc. in 2015/16. Urban Core Plan adopted in 2016. Higher priority for pedestrians and cyclists (in terms of highway space) Decriminalized parking enforcement - transfer of enforcement powers from the police to the council to help reduce congestion and improve road safety. Urban traffic management control (UTMC). Ongoing experiment with SMART (intelligent traffic light system) - in process of implementation. Encourage low emission/ zero emission vehicles Enforcing idling engines legislation - All staff within RSPP are authorised to issue fixed penalty notices, and periodic enforcement is currently carried out. Legislation is flawed by requirement to instruct driver to turn off engine before issue of notice, thus making it impossible to issue notice and actually carry out enforcement. Posters placed at locations within AQMA where engine idling has become a problem, e.g., bus/coach stops and taxi ranks. Delivery times outside peak hour - A freight consolidation centre was operational in Newburn from July 2011. Hours of freight delivery will be co-ordinated around quieter times, in lower emission vehicles. Freight consolidation to be reviewed. Taxi emissions - Taxi licensing strategy was reviewed in 2011 and emission standard will be gradually introduced. Not completed in 2011 - underway in 2019 to include age limitations. Consultation and stakeholder comments took place during the reporting year and the implementation is expected come in July 2020. Use of low emission delivery vehicles/ times of delivery - To be considered as part of freight consolidation. Freight consolidation to be reviewed. Low emission zone - Part of Urban Core Area Action Plan. LEZ study completed. Not recommended. Based on compliance being achieved by 2020. Results being reviewed in light of DEFRA predictions and COPERT factors. Speed Restrictions - The speed restriction scheme ‘”20’s Plenty” has been rolled out across large parts of the Gosforth area of Newcastle and is an advisory scheme to encourage people to reduce their speed on selected streets and roads across Newcastle. Upgrade of Urban Traffic Control (UTC) and Scoot - Signal coordination currently being upgraded as part of the UTMC project. Park and Ride - To be implemented through both bus and Metro. Metro Park and Rides in operation along with Great Park bus & Soccerbus Promotion of Cycling - To be implemented through the cycle strategy (Urban Core Plan) Annual Travel Card discount - This has been rolled out to Newcastle Council staff, and major employers are being encouraged by Nexus to join the scheme. Quality bus contracts - Discussions were undertaken between regional bus operators and local authorities on Quality bus partnerships. Part of this could be geared around higher quality vehicle emission standards. Travel Plans for businesses/ schools - Developing programmes from Local Transport Plan 1 and 2 (LTP1 and LTP2). All schools achieved school travel plans and these are now being refreshed. Alternative Travel - Work is continuing with the football club and key stakeholders to implement a number of measures to mitigate the negative impacts of travel to St James' Park. Current arrangements about to be reviewed but updated arrangements to be in place. Car Loan schemes - Pool car system currently on-going by some employers. Use of car parking charges to encourage alternatives - Under investigation as part of the core strategy. Parking strategy encourages Green Travel Hub at Science Central with EV charging, cycle parking and journey planning advice.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii

Action Car Clubs - Car clubs are being developed and new cars added as demand arises for this. Car club contract being re-procured. Home Zones Electric Vehicle Recharging Infrastructure Electric Vehicles in NCC Fleet - 25 electric vehicles already in fleet. Switch EV Council Trial – complete. Switch EV Public Trial – complete. Switch EV Car club trial – complete. Eco driving training - Completed but not within NCC Remit. Low take up among council drivers/no resource to continue. Subsidise public transport Create extra capacity on trains/ Metro/buses Flexible work times/ school hours/ home working - NCC has already implemented this scheme. Most school hours now out with LA control as schools become academies. Legal process still needed for LA schools. SMOTS being refreshed. Provision of Real Time Information (RTI) at bus stops Target schools and parents with information campaigns Health Promotion Education regarding safety on Public Transport Provision of information on ‘High Pollution Days - Not to be implemented in the short term, but may however be linked to future UTMC systems. Being explored with UTMC. Include cycle facilities in new developments - This is a standard requirement for a new development. Implemented - requirement of new planning applications. Consideration of the location of essential services such as housing and employment - Implementation as part of the new accessibility strategy and cross organisational working arrangements. Included in Urban Core Plan. Strengthen joint working between local authorities - Ongoing. Also strengthened relationships with Urban Observatory, Newcastle University. Implement greater planning controls in AQMAs Local Development Frameworks need to identify AQMAs - Local development framework has taken air quality into account. Background monitoring to support/validate planning application submissions. Cap existing development sites Encourage mixed use developments - This is already part of Newcastle City Council's sustainable development policy. Undertake air quality assessments of relevant new developments Air Quality Awareness Campaign - Campaign to raise air quality and how behavioural change can both improve personal health and at the same time improve air quality. Be Air Aware time limited project engaged with the community and supported by Go Smarter.

Conclusions and Priorities

The most significant local challenge in the City continues to be the AQMAs declared across the City Centre and in Gosforth (parts of the A189 and B1318). Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) have been adopted by NCC for each AQMA, which includes specific measures to improve air quality in the City.

The annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was exceeded or within 10% of the objective value at the majority of monitoring locations in the city centre (42 of 48), which are distributed throughout the AQMA; i.e. there are no localised areas of the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii

AQMA where air quality has improved noticeably or discrete areas where exceedances are consistently recorded.

In the Gosforth AQMA in 2019 three of the six monitoring locations were below the

NO2 annual mean objective (although 2 of these were within 10% of the objective).

However, two monitoring locations continue to record NO2 concentrations in exceedance of the annual mean objective. A further year of monitoring will be undertaken to determine if the AQMA should be amended or revoked as part of the 2021 ASR.

NCC conducted and delivered to Defra a Clean Air Zone (CAZ) feasibility study in 2019. This was a major piece of work was conducted in collaboration with Gateshead and North Tyneside Councils. The outcomes of the study have been balanced across shared priority areas including transportation, public and environmental health. Public consultations of the proposals for the Clean Air Zone were conducted for 11 weeks in 2019, with over 20,000 responses which were considered for the final proposals, submitted in 2019.

Conclusions were drawn after the assessment of 3 Clean Air Zones scenarios, with charges of Class B, C and D on the inner zone. From an air quality perspective, no charging CAZ alone would lead to compliance of the NO2 EU objective by 2021, with

CAZ D scenario resulting in the lowest NO2 values on Defra’s PCM links in 2021. However, all scenarios including the no action future scenario (Do Minimum), do not show exceedances of both PM10 and PM2.5 objectives. Restrictive CAZ measures were proven to have a significant positive impact on multiple sensitive receptors of interest.

Wherever rerouting in order to avoid CAZ charges are anticipated to take place with an adverse impact on the local ambient air quality, 8 mitigation measures have been proposed and will be further developed and economically assessed for the new Full Business Case (FBC). Nonetheless, various other non – CAZ measures are examined that could achieve faster PCM compliance and fewer negative impacts if implemented in combination with the CAZ D scenario are currently being examined.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iv

Local Engagement and How to get Involved

The Newcastle City Centre and Gosforth AQAPs include a number of measures that will require a high level of public support and buy-in to ensure they are successful, such as:

- Increasing access to alternative modes of travel to the private motor car;

- Increased use of low emission vehicles;

- Increased use of cycle-ways as a modal shift across the city of Newcastle; and

- Use of car loan schemes and car clubs, including the uptake of car sharing and pooling or the use of alternative forms of travel.

NCC will continue to provide information about air quality and pollution control:

- paper copies, or alternative formats, of any of the electronic reports published online at https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/environment-and-waste/pollution/air- pollution/monitoring-air-quality

- information on previous review and assessment reports

- Any questions or concerns about air quality in the county answered.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 v

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Newcastle City Council ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... i Conclusions and Priorities ...... iii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... v 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Newcastle City ...... 4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 18 2.4 Planning ...... 19 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 21 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 21 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 21 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 21 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 22

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 22

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 25

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 26

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...... 26 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 27 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 58 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 63 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 66 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 71 Glossary of Terms ...... 72 References ...... 73

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 8 Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 27 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 28

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vi

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 33 Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 51 Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results...... 52 Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results ...... 54 Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results ...... 56 Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019 ...... 58 Table C. 1 – NO2 Data Annualisation ...... 65 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 71

List of Figures Figure 2.1 - Public Health Outcomes Framework, Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulates (Male) ...... 19 Figure 2.2 - Public Health Outcomes Framework, Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulates (Female) ...... 19 Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations – Automatic Monitors ...... 41 Figure A. 2 - Monitoring Sites in City Centre AQMA ...... 42 Figure A. 3 - Monitoring Sites in Gosforth AQMA ...... 46 Figure A. 4 - Monitoring Sites to the East of City Centre ...... 47 Figure A. 5 - Monitoring Sites to the West of City Centre ...... 48 Figure A. 6 - Monitoring Sites in Denton Burn ...... 49 Figure A. 7 - Monitoring Sites in Gosforth ...... 50 Figure A.8 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations ...... 53 3 Figure A.9 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results >50µg/m ...... 55 Figure A.10 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations ...... 57 Figure C.1 - Local bias adjustment factor calculation for NO2 diffusion tube data. .... 64 Figure D.1 - Air Quality Monitoring in Newcastle City Centre ...... 66 Figure D.2 - Air Quality Monitoring East of Newcastle City Centre ...... 67 Figure D.3 - Air Quality Monitoring West of Newcastle City Centre ...... 68 Figure D.4 - Air Quality Monitoring in Gosforth ...... 69 Figure D.5 - Air Quality Monitoring in Denton Burn ...... 70

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 vii

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Newcastle City during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Newcastle City Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Error! Reference source not found. in Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 1

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Newcastle City Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/environment-and- waste/pollution/air-pollution/monitoring-air-quality. Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMAs.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 2

Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air Level of Exceedance quality in (maximum the AQMA monitored/modelled Action Plan Pollutants influenced concentration at a location AQMA Date of and Air City / One Line by roads of relevant exposure) Name Declaration Quality Town Description controlled Objectives Date of by At Now Name Publicat Link Highways Declaration ion England? City of An area https://www.newcastle. Newcastle Declared encompassing gov.uk/sites/default/file AQMA NO2 upon Tyne February the previous s/wwwfileroot/environ No. 1b Annual NO - Air Quality January 2006, Newcastle AQMAs 1-3, 93.3 µg/m3 ment-and- (City Mean Action Plan - 2006 Amended covering waste/pollution/city_ce Centre) Newcastle April 2008 Newcastle ntre_aqma_action_pla City Centre City Centre n_0.pdf AQMA https://www.newcastle. An area Air Quality gov.uk/sites/default/file NO2 encompassing Action Plan: AQMA s/wwwfileroot/environ Declared Annual parts of the YES - South May No. 5 Gosforth 50.4 µg/m3 ment-and- April 2008 Mean A189 and Gosforth, 2011 (Gosforth) waste/pollution/gosfort B1318 in Newcastle h_aqma_action_plan_ Gosforth. City Council 0.pdf

☒ Newcastle City Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 3

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Newcastle City

Newcastle City Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2019 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans

As part of recent developments by Defra, NCC must take action to reduce NO2 near to specific roads. These locations were identified through the Pollution Climate Mapping (PCM) dispersion model. NCC (together with neighbouring Gateshead and North Tyneside) undertook an 18-month Clean Air Zone feasibility study as part of this process, which has been the priority in terms of measures to improve air quality. In addition, Defra has made funding available for NCC to work with its partners (Gateshead and North Tyneside) to examine air quality along parts of the A167 across the Tyne Bridge and towards North Tyneside.

This Clean Air Zone feasibility study has been the main focus of Newcastle City Council and the AQAPs have not been amended whilst the work for this was taking place during the reporting.

Apart from the completion of the CAZ feasibility study to Defra, in conjunction with Gateshead and North Tyneside Councils, NCC has taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year in pursuit of improving local air quality. No measures have yet been completed, but progress has been achieved on the following measures:

• Action 1 & 22: Residents parking permits and car parking charges – 18,000 residents/visitor parking permits issued to date to discourage free city centre all- day commuter parking.

• Action 2: Traffic management through bus corridors - St. Mary’s Place bus corridor scheme implemented. Consideration still being given to Sandyford Road Corridor.

• Action 3, 15 & 38: Increase public transport priority – Included in the Urban Core Plan 2016. Bus priority enforcement was introduced on John Dobson Street, Tyne Bridge and High Level in 2015/16. Park and Ride facilities are being

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 4

implemented through both bus and Metro; Metro Park and Rides are in operation along with Great Park bus and Soccerbus. Public safety on public transport is being addressed through proactive use of more staffing and CCTV.

• Action 4, 16 & 40: Higher priority for pedestrians and cyclists - Included in the Urban Core Plan 2016 is the standard requirement that new developments include cycle facilities. Newcastle was awarded £10.6 m through the Cycle City Ambition fund to implement or expand pedestrianised areas and on and off-road cycle lanes and routes.

• Action 6, 14 and 39: Ongoing monitoring of traffic flow and queuing times using the urban traffic management control (UTMC) and ongoing experiment with SMART (intelligent traffic light system). Signal coordination is being upgraded as part of the UTMC project. Linking of UTMC traffic data to air pollution events is being explored with a view to making this information publicly available.

• Action 8: Enforcing idling engines legislation - All staff within the Regulatory Services and Public Protection (RSPP) are authorised to issue fixed penalty notices, and periodic enforcement is currently carried out. However, the legislation is flawed by the requirement to instruct driver to turn off engine before issue of notice, thus making it impossible to issue notice and actually carry out enforcement.

• Action 9: Freight and delivery management - A freight consolidation centre which became operational in Newburn from July 2011 will be reviewed.

• Action 10: Taxi emissions - Taxi licensing strategy was reviewed in 2011 and emission standards was gradually introduced in 2018 to include age limitations. Consultation and stakeholder comments took place during the reporting year and the implementation is expected come in July 2020.

• Action 17: Annual travel car discount - This has been rolled out to Newcastle Council staff, and major employers are being encouraged by Nexus4 to join the scheme.

4 Nexus is the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive administering funds on behalf of the North East Combined Authority. Their task is to improve the quality of life and fortunes of everyone in Tyne and Wear, by creating better transport networks.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 5

• Action 19: Travel Plans for businesses/schools - All schools achieved school travel plans, and these are being refreshed.

• Action 23: Car clubs - Car clubs are being developed and new cars added as demand arises for this. Car club contract is being re-procured.

• Action 24: Home Zones – superseded by Streets for People Community Areas and principles carried through in new housing developments.

• Action 26: Electric Vehicles in NCC Fleet – 25 vehicles in fleet, with more to be added in the future.

• Action 34, 36 & 37: Public information initiatives – Ongoing and one off events, such as the provision of real time information at bus stops (bus companies are developing applications), Cycling in the City, Active Newcastle, This Girl Can, Sky Rides, Cycle Cross, Make the Switch.

The main priority of the council for the period 2020-2021 will be the preparation for the implementation of the CAZ measures by 1st January 2021. However, grant funded projects like the Clean Bus Fund 2018/2019 and the NCC via JAQU grant will retrofit clean emission technology to 66 buses which travel through Newcastle’s AQMAs and will have beneficial impacts on the local air quality.

Moreover, the Council encourages the involvement of the public towards the improvement of the ambient air quality towards a range of measures, some of which are:

• Promoting initiatives such as car sharing and car clubs.

• Providing more charging points for ultra-low emissions vehicles.

• Encouraging more healthy options of travel, such as cycling and walking.

• Discouraging engine idling.

The principal anticipated challenges and barriers to implementation of existing AQAP are:

• Whilst the feasibility plan took the precedence over the existing programme of work by Environmental Health, the Council will be working hard to continue to accelerate the measures described here and included in the AQAPs.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 6

• Newcastle City Council recognises that in order to deliver air quality across AQMAs it must work with its neighbouring authorities and other stakeholders such as Highways England. In addition, the Council understands that unintended consequences of low emission measures are very likely but will be ameliorated by working closely with the Transportation Authority and Public Health England.

Progress on the AQAP measures has been slower than expected due to:

- Uncertain of allocations of funding for both public and private enterprise schemes;

- The need to ensure plans are coordinated with the National Air Quality Strategy, which was published in July 2017, and the updated PCM model used to identify

roads where the annual mean concentration of NO2 exceeds National Air Quality Objectives;

- Focus on the completion and submitting of the Clean Air Zone feasibility study to Defra.

Whilst the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, Newcastle City Council anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of the City Centre and Gosforth AQMAs. Foremost among these is the Clean Air Zone, which will introduce further measures with the potential to improve air quality in the AQMAs and across the wider city.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 7

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Reduction in Estimated / Date Comments / Measure EU EU Organisations Funding Key Performance Pollutant / Progress to Actual Measure Measure Barriers to No. Category Classification Involved Source Indicator Emission Date Completion Introduced implementation from Date Measure Policy Issue residents Air Quality 18,000 Residents Guidance Newcastle parking permits to Planning and Newcastle City Low- residents/visitor 1 parking and 2001 City discourage free city 2030 Policy Council Medium parking permits permits Development Council centre all-day Guidance issued Control commuter parking Strategic St. Mary’s Place highway bus corridor improvements, scheme Assess bus Re-prioritising implemented. corridors for priority Specific bus road space Consideration is measures such as corridors away from Low (in now being given Newcastl selective vehicle including bus Traffic cars, including Newcastle City some to Sandyford 2 2001 e City detection at traffic 2020 lanes, or Management Access Council targeted Road Corridor. Council signals, new signal segregation of management, areas) Identified public installations, or bus buses. Selective transport priority or ‘no-car’ vehicle priority, corridors in 2015 lanes bus priority, Cabinet report. high vehicle CITS Corridor occupancy lane trial Ongoing - Included in Urban Core Plan 2016. Introduction of Increase public Alternatives Newcastle Medium (< Newcastle City bus priority 3 transport to private Other 2011 City 2 µg/m3 2018 Council enforcement on priority vehicle use Council NO ) 2 John Dobson Street, Tyne Bridge and High Level in 2015/16. Ongoing – Implement or Higher priority Included in expand for pedestrians Urban Core Plan Promoting Newcastle pedestrianised and cyclists (in Promotion of Newcastle City 2016. Taking 4 Travel 2011 City areas and expand Low 2020 terms of cycling Council place through Alternatives Council on and off-road highway Cycle City cycle lanes and space) Ambition fund – routes Newcastle

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 8

awarded £10.6m between 2015- 2018.

Introduced on 15 Improve April 2009. The enforcement of transfer of Policy parking controls to enforcement Air Quality Decriminalized Guidance Newcastle reduce congestion powers from the Planning and Newcastle City 5 parking and 2008 City caused by illegally Low police to the 2009 Policy Council enforcement Development Council parked cars, by council to help Guidance Control transferring reduce enforcement to local congestion and authority. improve road safety. Monitoring using Urban traffic traffic flow count management data, as well as control subjective analysis (UTMC). UTC, of the queuing Tyne and Tyne and Ongoing Traffic Congestion times, and 6 2011 Wear Wear Low Ongoing 2020 experiment Management management, compared with the Authorities Authorities with SMART traffic reduction modelled option to (intelligent indicate whether the traffic light predicted emission system) reductions may be achieved. Diesel electric hybrid buses were operating on Quaylink Quayside/City Anticipated Centre Route. Encourage low reduction in NO These buses Fleet efficiency Tyne and Tyne and X emission/ zero Vehicle Fleet and PM emissions have been 7 and recognition 2004 Wear Wear Low 2006 emission Efficiency due to increased us removed from schemes Authorities Authorities vehicles of low/zero emission Q3 circulation. vehicles. Hydrogen Alliance in discussion with bus operator about hydrogen fuelled buses

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 9

Clean Bus transport fund Anticipated implemented – Encourage low reduction in NO 30 buses Vehicle Tyne and Tyne and X emission/ zero Vehicle Fleet and PM emissions operated by Go 7b Retrofitting 2013 Wear Wear Low 2015 emission Efficiency due to increased us North East programmes Authorities Authorities vehicles of low/zero emission adapted with vehicles. Gyrodrive fuel- saving technology. Encourage low Vehicle Tyne and Tyne and Clean Vehicle emission/ zero Vehicle Fleet 7c Retrofitting 2015 Wear Wear Low transport fund 2016 emission Efficiency programmes Authorities Authorities implemented vehicles All staff within RSPP are Policy Anticipated authorised to Enforcing Guidance Newcastl reduction in NO issue fixed Newcastle City X 8 idling engines and Other policy 2008 e City and PM emissions Low penalty notices, 2020 Council legislation Development Council due to less idling and periodic Control vehicles. enforcement is currently carried out. A freight consolidation centre operational in Anticipated Newburn from reduction in NO X July 2011. Hours and PM emissions Delivery times Freight and Newcastl of freight Quiet & out of Newcastle City due to decreased 9 outside peak Delivery 2006 e City Low delivery will be 2020 hours delivery Council congestion caused hour Management Council co-ordinated by delivery vehicles around quieter parking in congested times, in lower streets. emission vehicles. Freight consolidation to be reviewed. Taxi licensing Anticipated strategy was reduction in NO reviewed in Promoting Low X Newcastle and PM emissions 2011 and Vehicle Fleet Emission Newcastle City 10 Taxi emissions 2011 City due to stricter Low emission 2020 Efficiency Public Council Council standards for taxis standard will be Transport and private hire gradually vehicles. introduced. Not completed in

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 10

2011 - now underway in 2017 to include age limitations

Anticipated Use of low reduction in NO emission Newcastle X Vehicle Fleet Newcastle City and PM emissions Under 11 delivery Other 2011 City Low 2018 Efficiency Council due to increased consideration vehicles/ times Council use of low/zero of delivery emission vehicles. Part of Urban Core Area Action Plan Conduct viability 2016. LEZ study assessment of LEZ. completed. Not Medium- Policy The completion of recommended. High Guidance Newcastle the assessment will Based on Low emission Low Emissions Newcastle City (High: > 2 12 and 2013 City have a single point compliance 2013 zone Strategy Council µg/m3 Development Council of implementation being achieved NO ) (in Control and so there will be 2 by 2020. Results zone) a definite milestone being reviewed for completion. in light of DEFRA predictions and COPERT factors The speed restriction scheme ‘”20’s Plenty” has been rolled out across large parts of the Establish a “Clear Gosforth area of Reduction of Newcastle Zone”, where a Newcastle and Speed Traffic Newcastle City 13 speed limits, 2009 City speed limit of 20 Low is an advisory 2020 Restrictions Management Council 20mph zones Council mph applies to all scheme to vehicles. encourage people to reduce their speed on selected streets and roads across Newcastle. Upgrade of UTC, Signal Tyne and Tyne and Urban Traffic Traffic Congestion coordination is 14 2011 Wear Wear Low 2020 Control (UTC) Management management, currently being Authorities Authorities and Scoot traffic reduction upgraded as

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 11

part of the UTMC project.

To be implemented Anticipated through both bus reduction in NO X and Metro. Promoting Newcastle and PM emissions Newcastle City Low- Metro Park and 15 Park and Ride Travel Other 2014 City due to decreased 2020 Council Medium Rides in Alternatives Council use of private operation along vehicles for with Great Park commuting. bus & Soccerbus

Promoting Newcastle Promotion of Promotion of Newcastle City 16 Travel 2011 City Low Ongoing 2020 Cycling cycling Council Alternatives Council

This has been rolled out to Anticipated Newcastle reduction in NO X Council staff, Promoting Newcastle and PM emissions Annual Travel Workplace Newcastle City and major 17 Travel 2010 City due to decreased Low 2018 Card discount Travel Planning Council employers are Alternatives Council use of private being vehicles for encouraged by commuting. Nexus to join the scheme. Not implemented - discussions Regional were undertaken Groups Co- between ordinating regional bus Policy programmes to operators and Guidance Newcastl Quality bus develop Area Newcastle City local authorities 18 and 2015 e City Low 2020 contracts wide Strategies Council on Quality bus Development Council to reduce partnerships. Control emissions and Part of this could improve air be geared quality around higher quality vehicle emission standards

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 12

Developing Regional programmes Groups Co- from Local ordinating Policy Transport Plan 1 programmes to Travel Plans Guidance Newcastl and 2 (LTP1 and develop Area Newcastle City 19 for businesses/ and 2005 e City Low LTP2). All 2020 wide Strategies Council schools Development Council schools to reduce Control achieved school emissions and travel plans and improve air these are now quality being refreshed.

Promoting Newcastle Alternative Newcastle City 20 Travel Other 2010 City Low Ongoing 2020 Travel Council Alternatives Council

Promoting Newcastle Car Loan Workplace Newcastle City 21 Travel 2005 City Low Ongoing 2020 schemes Travel Planning Council Alternatives Council

Use of car parking Promoting Newcastl Medium (< Workplace Newcastle City 22 charges to Travel 2014 e City 2 µg/m3 Ongoing 2020 Travel Planning Council encourage Alternatives Council NO2) alternatives. Car clubs are being developed and new cars Promoting Newcastl Workplace Newcastle City added as 23 Car Clubs Travel 2011 e City Low 2020 Travel Planning Council demand arises Alternatives Council for this. Car club contract being reprocured. Currently programmed as part of Plan Partners LTP schemes. Home Policy Zones as a Guidance Newcastl Newcastle City project dropped 24 Home Zones and Other policy 2014 e City Low 2018 Council although some Development Council of principles Control carried through in new housing developments. Superseded by Streets for

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 13

People Community Areas.

Charging points on the network and Electric 47 charging Promoting Newcastle anticipated reduction Medium (< Vehicle Newcastle City points installed – 25 Travel Other 2011 City in NO and PM 2 µg/m3 2020 Recharging Council X this element Alternatives Council emissions due to NO ) Infrastructure 2 completed increased use of electric vehicles Electric vehicles in fleet and anticipated Electric Fleet efficiency Newcastl reduction in NO Ongoing - 25 Vehicle Fleet Newcastle City X 26 Vehicles in and recognition 2007 e City and PM emissions Low electric vehicles 2018 Efficiency Council NCC Fleet schemes Council due to increased already in fleet use of electric vehicles Trialled electric vehicles Fleet efficiency Newcastle Switch EV Vehicle Fleet Newcastle City amongst existing 27 and recognition 2014 City Low 2014 Council Trial Efficiency Council council services schemes Council along with new technologies. Trials to increase public Promoting Low Newcastle awareness of Switch EV Vehicle Fleet Emission Newcastle City 28 2014 City Low the viability of 2015 Public Trial Efficiency Public Council Council electric vehicles, Transport and hence their future uptake Greater awareness Promoting Low Newcastle of viability of car Switch EV Car Vehicle Fleet Emission Newcastle City 29 2014 City club as well as Low Implemented 2020 club trial Efficiency Public Council Council publicity for electric Transport vehicles Incorporate into Completed but standard staff not within NCC (driver) Remit. Low take Driver training Newcastle Eco driving Vehicle Fleet Newcastle City training. Anticipated up among 30 and ECO 2011 City Low 2020 training Efficiency Council reduction in NO council driving aids Council X and PM emissions drivers/no due to more efficient resource to driving continue.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 14

To be implemented by way of concessionary Reduce fares for fares for OAPs public transport to on buses and encourage use Metro. Out of and anticipated NCC control - Subsidise Promoting Newcastle Newcastle City reduction in NO with Nexus, who 31 public Travel Other 2011 City X Low 2030 Council and PM emissions are considering transport Alternatives Council due to decreased subsidies for 16- use of private 19 year olds in vehicles for full time commuting, etc. education (high fares a major barrier to public transport use by young people). Operator investment as deemed Create extra appropriate. Out Promoting Newcaste capacity on Newcastle City Low- of NCC control - 32 Travel Other 2010 City 2030 trains/ Council Medium believe Nexus Alternatives Council Metro/buses have submitted a bid for rolling stock refurb and extra capacity. NCC has already implemented this scheme. Most school hours now Flexible work Promoting Encourage / Newcastle outwith LA times/ school Newcastle City 33 Travel Facilitate 2014 City Low control as 2030 hours/ home Council Alternatives home-working Council schools become working academies. Legal process still needed for LA schools. SMOTS being refreshed. Provision of Out of NCC Real Time Newcastle Access to real-time control - believe Public via other Newcastle City 34 Information 2010 City air information at Low this is underway. 2020 Information mechanisms Council (RTI) at bus Council bus stops. Nexus and bus stops companies

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 15

developing applications.

Target schools Go Smarter to and parents Newcastle School AQ bid Public via other Newcastle City 35 with 2014 City Low submitted to 2020 Information mechanisms Council information Council DEFRA but campaigns unsuccessful. To be led by (Primary Care Trust) PCT in Newcastle liaison with Health Public via other Newcastle City 36 2006 City Low Transport Policy 2030 Promotion Information mechanisms Council Council staff. Cycling in the City Active Newcastle/This girl can.

Newcastle Sky Rides, Public via other Newcastle City 37 One off events 2014 City Low Cycle Cross, 2030 Information mechanisms Council Council Make the Switch

LTP3 was committed to improve actual Education and perceived regarding Newcastle levels of security Public via other Newcastle City 38 safety on 2010 City Low through 2030 Information mechanisms Council Public Council proactive use of Transport more staffing and CCTV. Nexus delivering. Not to be implemented in the short term, Provision of UTC, Access to real-time Tyne and Tyne and but may information on Traffic Congestion air quality 39 2014 Wear Wear Low however be 2018 ‘High Pollution Management management, information on the Authorities Authorities linked to future Days’ traffic reduction air quality website. UTMC systems. Being explored with UTMC. Reduction in pollutant classification terminology:

Low: imperceptible (a step in the right direction). Improvements unlikely to be detected within the uncertainties of monitoring and modelling.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 16

3 Medium: perceptible (a demonstrable improvement in air quality). An improvement of up to 2 µg/m NO2, which could be shown by a modelling scenario. Improvement is not likely to be shown by monitoring due to confounding factors of the weather.

3 High: significant. Improvement of more than 2 µg/m NO2. Can be clearly demonstrated by modelling or monitoring (a significant improvement is likely to be delivered by a package of options rather than by a single intervention).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 17

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Furthermore, Defra published ‘A Briefing for Directors of Public Health’ in March 2017 (Defra, 2017), which advises that health outcomes from PM should be considered in the assessment and planning process.

The main sources of PM2.5 in the city of Newcastle are road traffic emissions (comprising engine exhaust, road and tyre/brake abrasion). All the AQAP measures aim to reduce road traffic emissions or to promote the use of alternative and sustainable modes of transports.

The estimated background pollutant concentrations for the 1 km grid squares for the whole of the UK are published online by Defra (https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqmbackground-home). The maximum concentration of PM2.5 identified in the Newcastle City Council administrative area in 2019 was 7.4 µg/m3. 3 This is well below the PM2.5 target value of 25.0 µg/m to be achieved by 2020.

In March 2019, NCC adopted the WHO recommended air pollution limits to be legally binding by 2030. Whilst no exceedances of the permitted levels for particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), the WHO have stated that there is no level of particulate matter at which people's health is not damaged. Although there are no specific measures targeting the reduction of PM2.5 currently, it is expected that the combination of actions and that are currently in force or coming into force will help to bring about a reduction of PM2.5. However, discussions are being held with Public Health to devise policies that will specifically target the reduction of PM2.5.

The Public Health Outcomes Framework has published statistics on the health effects of exposure of the public to fine particulate pollution (http://www.phoutcomes.info). The fraction of mortality attributable to particulates measured as healthy life expectancy at birth for males and females are shown below in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. Newcastle is highlighted and indicates where particulates as a contributor to mortality are

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 18

compared to other regions, with approximately 3.8% of loses irrespectively of gender attributed to particulate matter. This data was downloaded in June 2020.

Figure 2.1 - Public Health Outcomes Framework, Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulates (Male)

Figure 2.2 - Public Health Outcomes Framework, Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulates (Female)

2.4 Planning

The following planning applications have been received in the past 12 months, for which potential air quality effects may be associated:

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 19

- Planning Ref: 2018/0101/01/GRA City Council Development: Erection of two storey Science Central CHP energy centre building as supplemented and amended by drawings and information received 12.03.2018 and 14.03.2018 and supplemented by information received 13.03.2018 and 15.03.2018. An Air Quality Assessment report was completed. This application was been reported in previous reporting years despite the application date.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 20

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

Newcastle City Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at four sites during 2019. Error! Reference source not found. in Appendix A: Monitoring Results shows the details of the sites. National monitoring results are available at http://www.airqualityengland.co.uk/local-authority/?la_id=1396.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Newcastle City Council undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 78 sites during 2019. Error! Reference source not found. in Appendix A: Monitoring Results shows the details of the sites. A further 24 sites were setup in 2019 in addition to the 2019 monitoring network, for which full year data will be available in next year’s report. More specifically, DT85 to DT95 were installed between March and July 2019 and DT105 and DT106 in April 2019 ahead of any rerouting that might occur once the CAZ is in place, while the rest serve the purposes of extra monitoring within the council.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC.

6 Note that the link is for Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council. However, all data for Newcastle City Council are available here.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 21

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Error! Reference source not found. in Appendix A: Monitoring Results compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019.

Table A.4 in Appendix A: Monitoring Results compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.

Continuous monitoring of NO2 was carried out at St. Mary’s Place (Newcastle Centre AURN), Jesmond Road (Newcastle Cradlewell Roadside (AURN), Percy Street and Pilgrim Street sites. Exceedances of the objective value were recorded at Percy Street and Pilgrim Street, with the concentrations representing a slight increase and a decrease from 2018 concentrations respectively. No exceedances were recorded by the Newcastle Centre and Cradlwell monitors, although the annual mean at Cradlewell 3 was within 10% of the objective at 38.2 µg/m . NO2 concentrations have risen at St Mary’s Place (Newcastle Centre AURN) compared to 2018 levels (believed to have been caused by construction vehicles, associated with the year long refurbisment of the Civic Centre, operating in close proximity to the AURN), while concentartions slightly decreased at the Cradlewell site.

3 There were no exceedances of the hourly NO2 objective of 200 µg/m at any of the continuous monitoring locations.

City Centre AQMA

In April 2008, an AQMA covering Newcastle city centre was declared. During 2019 NCC undertook monitoring at 48 locations within this AQMA; DT2-10, DT12-14, DT16- 21, DT23, DT25-26, DT28-31, DT34, DT36-37, DT40, DT52-54, DT63-65 DT76-81,

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 22

DT85-86, DT94-95, DT102-103 and DT105-106. NCC has historicaly operated an extensive network of diffusion tubes throughout the city centre AQMA, although several of these sites were closed in 2015-2017 due to consistently recording values below the annual mean objective. A further 24 sites were setup in 2019 whose full year recordings will be reported on in next year’s report. The trends recorded at City Centre AQMA sites are shown in Figure A.1. Accounting for the results in 2019 the general trend is showing improvement at some locations and deterioration at others in terms of air quality.

Exceedances of the annual mean objective were recorded at the following monitoring locations in 2019:

• DT5-10

• DT12-14

• DT16

• DT19-21

• DT23

• DT25-26

• DT28-31

• DT34

• DT36-37

• DT53-54

• DT63-65

• DT76-81

• DT85-86

• DT94-95

• DT102-103

• DT105-106

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 23

NO2 concentrations at monitoring locations DT16, DT21, DT28, DT36 and DT54increased from 2018 concentrations, exceeding the objective value, which was not the case in 2018.

Locations which recorded exceedances in 2019 but have recorded decreases in NO2 concentration from 2018 levels include: DT8, DT34 and DT65.

Locations which continued to record exceedances as well as increased NO2 concentrations from 2018 levels include: DT5-6, DT9-10, DT12-14, DT19-21, DT25- 26, DT29-31, DT37, DT53, DT63-64 andDT76-81.

One site recorded concentrations within 10% of the annual mean objective (> 36.0 µg/m3 and <40.0 µg/m3), which may indicate risk of a potential exceedence:

• DT18

NO2 concentrations at DT18 were below the objective in 2019 but these have increased from 2018 levels.

Gosforth AQMA

In April 2008, an AQMA covering parts of the A189 and B1318 in Gosforth was declared. NCC undertook monitoring at six locations within this AQMA in 2019; D42- 45, DT48 and D50. The trends recorded at Gosforth AQMA sites are shown in Figure

A.1. Accounting for the results in 2019, the annual mean NO2 concentration has increased from 2018 results in four locations, decreasd in one.There was an absense of monitoring results for DT48 through out the year due to access issues caused by nearby roadworks.

Exceedances of the annual mean objective were recorded at two monitoring location in 2019, with both of the locations experiencing an increase of NO2 levels in comparison with 2018:

• DT43

• DT45

Two sites recorded concentrations within 10% of the annual mean objective (> 36 µg/m3 and <40 µg/m3), which may indicate risk of a potential exceedence:

• DT42

• DT50

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 24

NO2 concentrations have increased from their 2018 levels for both monitoring sites.

Outside the AQMAs

Exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective were recorded at 8 sites in Newcastle outside the AQMAs:

• DT57

• DT62

• DT84

• DT87-90

• DT93

Tubes 87-90 and 93 were setup in 2019 so there is no data to compare to. The concentration recorded at DT57, DT62 and DT84 increased from their 2018 levels.

Summary of Monitoring

Monitored annual mean NO2 concentrations continue to exceed the annual mean objective at locations within the City Centre and Gosforth AQMAs, as well as in several locations outside the AQMA. The exceedances outside the City Centre AQMA is an indication that the AQMA boundary may need to be amended, although this is the first year of data for many of these tubes. Therefore it is recommended that monitoring continue in these areas which will be used to inform any amendments to the AQMAs.

Two of the six monitoring locations within the Gosforth AQMA continue to record NO2 concentrations in exceedance of the annual mean objective, with a further two at risk of exceedance. It is therefore recommended to continue monitoring for another year to determine if the AQMA is eligible for amendment or revocation as part of the 2021 ASR.

3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

Table A.5in Appendix A: Monitoring Results compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3. NCC undertook monitoring at two locations in 2019; concentrations in 2019 were well below the objective, as they have been for all of the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 25

past five years. The trends recorded at these locations are shown in Figure A.8and Figure A.9.

Table A.6in Appendix A: Monitoring Results compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year. The objective was not exceeded at either the St. Mary’s Place (Newcastle Centre AURN) or Jesmond Road (Newcastle Cradlewell AURN) site, with nine and three days above 50 µg/m3 respectively for the sites.

3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Table A.7in Appendix A: Monitoring Results presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations at the St Mary’s Place monitor (Newcastle Centre AURN) for the past 5 years. The concentration in 2019 was well below the objective, as it has been for all of the past five years. The trends recorded at this location are shown in Figure A.10.

3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Monitoring for SO2 is not undertaken by Newcastle City Council.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 26

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

X OS Y OS Distance to Distance to Pollutants In Monitoring Inlet Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Relevant kerb of nearest Monitored AQMA? Technique Height (m) (Easting) (Northing) Exposure (m) (1) road (m) (2)

Newcastle NO, NOX, Chemiluminescence, St Mary's Urban Centre 425029 564916 NO2, PM10, YES TEOM-FDMS, UV- N/A 20 2.5 Place Background (AURN) PM2.5, O3 absorption Newcastle Jesmond Chemiluminescence, Cradlewell NO2, PM10, Road, Roadside 425992 565831 YES TEOM-FDMS, UV- 7 3 2.5 Roadside O3 Cradlewell absorption (AURN) Newcastle Percy Percy Roadside 424776 564861 NO2 YES Chemiluminescence 20 3 1.8 Street Street Swan Newcastle House, Pilgrim Roadside 425124 564112 NO2 YES Chemiluminescence 10 2 1.8 Pilgrim Street Street Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 27

Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Distance to Distance Tube X OS Y OS Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of collocated with Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Ref Grid Ref Height (m) Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest a Continuous (Easting) (Northing) (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser?

Urban _ DT2 St Mary's Place 425029 564916 NO2 YES 20 YES 2.5 Background Urban _ DT3 St Mary's Place 425029 564916 NO2 YES 20 YES 2.5 Background Urban _ DT4 St Mary's Place 425029 564916 NO2 YES 20 YES 2.5 Background St Marys Place/John _ DT5 Roadside 424948 564870 NO2 YES 1 NO 2.5 Dobson Street John Dobson St/North _ DT6 Roadside 425027 564695 NO2 YES 2 NO 2.5 Street Blackett _ DT7 Street/Northumberland Roadside 424934 564474 NO2 YES 1 NO 2.5 Street

DT8 10 Market Street Roadside 424943 564347 NO2 YES _ 1 NO 2.5

DT9 98 - 100 Pilgrim Street Roadside 425045 564208 NO2 YES _ 4 NO 2.5 Pilgrim Street/Swan DT10 Roadside 425088 564168 NO2 YES 60 8 NO 2.5 House roundabout

DT12 8 Mosley Street Roadside 425077 564116 NO2 YES _ 2 NO 2.5 Neville _ DT13 Roadside 424729 563922 NO2 YES 1 NO 2.5 Street/Westgate Road Waterloo DT14 Street/Westmoreland Roadside 424302 563837 NO2 YES 2 1 NO 2.5 Road 3 Nexus House, St DT16 Roadside 424270 564102 NO2 YES 40 1 NO 2.5 James Boulevard 96 - 98 Westgate DT17 Roadside 424441 564055 NO2 YES 2 2 NO 2.5 Road/Crosss Street

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 28

Gallowgate/St DT18 Roadside 424432 564414 NO2 YES 30 2 NO 2.5 Andrews Street Gallowgate/Percy DT19 Roadside 424591 564477 NO2 YES 10 1 NO 2.5 Street Newgate DT20 Roadside 424737 564171 NO2 YES 5 1 NO 2.5 Street/Grainger Street 115 - 119 Grainger DT21 Roadside 424797 564295 NO2 YES 5 3 NO 2.5 Street/Market Street Leazes Lane near Romon (formerly DT23 Roadside 424518 564764 NO2 YES 12 2 YES 2.5 Leazes Lane Romon 2) Strawberry Place DT25 between St James Roadside 424341 564494 NO2 YES _ 2 NO 2.5 Park and Nine Bar Leazes Lane/Percy DT26 Roadside 424616 564559 NO2 YES 10 1 NO 2.5 Street 101 Percy Street/St DT28 Roadside 424726 564768 NO2 YES 1 4 NO 2.5 Thomas Street

DT29 Percy Street Romon 1 Roadside 424776 564861 NO2 YES 25 1 YES 2.5

DT30 Percy Street Romon 2 Roadside 424776 564861 NO2 YES 25 1 YES 2.5

DT31 Percy Street Romon 3 Roadside 424776 564861 NO2 YES 25 1 YES 2.5 City Road near former DT32 Tyne Tees Television Roadside 425819 564237 NO2 YES 30 2 NO 2.5 Studios Trinity DT34 Chambers/Flynns, Roadside 425428 563917 NO2 YES 2 2 NO 2.5 Quayside

DT36 The Side/Dean Street Roadside 425085 563942 NO2 YES 15 1 NO 2.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 29

DT37 Sandhill/Swing Bridge Roadside 425151 563807 NO2 YES 15 1 NO 2.5 Blue House DT42 Roadside 424616 566899 NO2 YES 10 2 NO 2.5 Roundabout (North) 53 High Street, DT43 Roadside 424394 567625 NO2 YES 1 3 NO 2.5 Gosforth 102 - 104 High Street, DT44 Roadside 424401 567844 NO2 YES 2 4 NO 2.5 Gosforth 201 Gosforth High St DT45 (formerly Gosforth Roadside 424413 568079 NO2 YES 2 3 YES 2.5 Hog 1)

DT48 1 Killingworth Road Roadside 425641 568204 NO2 YES 1 2 NO 2.5

DT50 84 Station Road Roadside 425503 568109 NO2 YES 1 2 NO 2.5

DT52 2 - 4 Victoria Square Roadside 425183 565261 NO2 NO 2 10 NO 2.5

DT53 2 - 3 Osborne Terrace Roadside 425425 565364 NO2 NO 6 2 NO 2.5

DT54 178 Sandyford Road Roadside 425701 565350 NO2 YES 5 2 NO 2.5

DT56 263 Shields Road Roadside 427234 564893 NO2 NO 1 3 NO 2.5

DT57 124 Shields Road Roadside 426843 564775 NO2 NO 1 3 NO 2.5

DT62 5 Birchfield Gardens Roadside 419448 565148 NO2 NO 3 2 NO 2.5 DT63 (249 Bewick House, Neville Roadside 424550 563899 NO2 YES _ 2 NO 2.5 in 2015) Street Monument, to front of DT64 Roadside 424829 564448 NO2 YES _ 2 NO 2.5 Fenwicks entrance Blackett Street, Old _ DT65 Roadside 424666 564462 NO2 YES 1 NO 2.5 Eldon Sq

DT73 Stamfordham Rd Roadside 420385 566924 NO2 NO 5 3 NO 2.5

DT76 Tyne Bridge Roadside 425183 563985 NO2 YES _ 1 NO 2.5

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 30

DT77 Tyne Bridge Roadside 425277 563826 NO2 YES _ 4 NO 2.5

DT78 Tyne Bridge Roadside 425294 563836 NO2 YES _ 4 NO 2.5

DT79 Tyne Bridge Roadside 425201 563992 NO2 YES _ 1 NO 2.5

DT80 A167 AQ Mesh Roadside 425286 564423 NO2 YES _ 2 YES 2.5 Stephenson rd, DT81 entrance to Jesmond Roadside 426543 566256 NO2 NO 20 1 NO 2.5 Pk West A1058 Coast Rd, to DT82 Roadside 427442 566671 NO2 NO 10 2 NO 2.5 front of 101 Coast Rd A1058 Coast Rd, DT83 South side opposite Roadside 427465 566644 NO2 NO 20 2 NO 2.5 S8 A1058 Coast Rd, Wills DT84 Roadside 428143 566886 NO2 NO 40 1 NO 2.5 Building

DT85 St James Boulevard Roadside 424228 563769 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2.5

DT86 St James Boulevard Roadside 424255 564017 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2.5

DT87 Cowgate Roundabout Roadside 422086 566229 NO2 NO 20 3 NO 2.5

DT88 A167 Blakelaw Roadside 421647 567002 NO2 NO 10 2 NO 2.5

DT89 West Road A186 Roadside 420401 565337 NO2 NO 5 2 NO 2.5

DT90 West Road A186 Roadside 421021 565042 NO2 NO 10 3 NO 2.5 A695 Scotswood _ DT91 Roadside 420456 563670 NO2 NO 1 NO 2.5 Road A695 Scotswood DT92 Roadside 422609 563271 NO2 NO _ 3 NO 2.5 Road Byker Union Road DT93 Roadside 427418 564833 NO2 NO _ 2 NO 2.5 B1313

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 31

DT94 Clayton St West Roadside 424456 563980 NO2 NO 5 1 NO 2.5

DT95 Clayton St West Roadside 424449 563907 NO2 NO 15 2 NO 2.5

DT96 Chillingham Road Roadside 427052 566422 NO2 NO 2 4 NO 2.7

DT97 Chillingham Road Roadside 427209 565726 NO2 NO 1 4 NO 2.7

DT98 Chillingham Road Roadside 427052 566422 NO2 NO 2 4 NO 0.7

DT99 Chillingham Road Roadside 427209 565726 NO2 NO 1 4 NO 0.7

DT100 Chillingham Road Roadside 427052 566422 NO2 NO 2 4 NO 1.7

DT101 Chillingham Road Roadside 427209 565726 NO2 NO 1 4 NO 1.7

DT102 John Dobson Street Roadside 425107 564463 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2.5

DT103 Market Street Roadside 425081 564400 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2.5

DT104 Dewley Road Roadside 420545 566477 NO2 NO 5 1 NO 2

DT105 Collingwood Street Roadside 424877 563990 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2

DT106 Collingwood Street Roadside 424861 563994 NO2 NO _ 1 NO 2

DT107 Edgefield Avenue Roadside 422873 568818 NO2 NO 5 2 NO 2 Hollywood Avenue, DT108 Roadside 424959 568781 NO2 NO 5 1 NO 2 Gosforth Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 32

Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) (4) X OS Y OS Valid Data Capture Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Monitoring Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture Type (1) (2) (Easting) (Northing) Period (%) 2019 (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Newcastle Urban Centre 425026 564918 Automatic N/A 98.2 29.4 29.7 28.8 28.6 32.1 Centre (AURN) Newcastle Cradlewell 425992 565831 Roadside Automatic N/A 96.2 41.3 37.5 34.4 39.0 38.2 Roadside (AURN) Newcastle 424776 564861 Roadside Automatic N/A 99.9 46.7 58.6 58.4 51.7 51.9 Percy Street Newcastle 425124 564112 Roadside Automatic N/A 99.1 49.4 54.9 48.3 45.5 43.8 Pilgrim Street Urban Diffusion DT2 425029 564916 N/A 100.0 22.4 30.3 29.1 28.8 31.6 Background Tube Urban Diffusion DT3 425029 564916 N/A 100.0 22.8 28.8 29.1 28.8 33.0 Background Tube Urban Diffusion DT4 425029 564916 N/A 100.0 22.2 29.1 29.3 28.3 32.0 Background Tube Diffusion DT5 424948 564870 Roadside N/A 91.7 47.9 45.8 48.2 48.5 59.3 Tube Diffusion DT6 425027 564695 Roadside N/A 91.7 27.4 38.4 43.4 42.0 49.2 Tube Diffusion DT7 424934 564474 Roadside N/A 100.0 48.6 51.0 49.2 55.4 63.2 Tube Diffusion DT8 424943 564347 Roadside N/A 100.0 60.4 57.4 49.8 65.9 64.9 Tube Diffusion DT9 425045 564208 Roadside N/A 100.0 38.7 38.8 42.0 40.5 42.5 Tube Diffusion DT10 425088 564168 Roadside N/A 100.0 - 47.3 53.4 48.2 55.0 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 33

Diffusion DT11 (closed) 425045 564208 Roadside N/A 0.0 34.6 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT12 425077 564116 Roadside N/A 100.0 58.4 53.3 58.1 61.8 67.8 Tube Diffusion DT13 424729 563922 Roadside N/A 100.0 52.2 44.5 52.9 57.5 69.2 Tube Diffusion DT14 424302 563837 Roadside N/A 100.0 40.2 41.7 43.2 40.1 43.7 Tube Diffusion DT15 (closed) 424 302 563 837 Roadside N/A 0.0 27.4 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT16 424270 564102 Roadside N/A 100.0 34.6 37.9 39.0 39.9 44.8 Tube Diffusion DT17 424441 564055 Roadside N/A 83.3 27.8 32.2 33.4 33.0 35.8 Tube Diffusion DT18 424432 564414 Roadside N/A 83.3 26.2 30.6 26.6 32.2 37.4 Tube Diffusion DT19 424591 564477 Roadside N/A 91.7 46.8 46.4 47.5 44.8 49.7 Tube Diffusion DT20 424737 564171 Roadside N/A 100.0 41.1 50.4 42.0 54.0 64.4 Tube Diffusion DT21 424797 564295 Roadside N/A 100.0 45.5 46.0 47.1 46.4 55.8 Tube Diffusion DT23 424518 564764 Roadside N/A 100.0 25.5 32.3 32.5 31.6 40.8 Tube Diffusion DT25 424341 564494 Roadside N/A 83.3 30.1 44.8 45.2 56.4 59.6 Tube Diffusion DT26 424616 564559 Roadside N/A 100.0 34.9 47.7 47.8 48.7 52.5 Tube Diffusion DT27 (closed) 424677 564777 Roadside N/A 0.0 24.1 - - - - Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 34

Diffusion DT28 424726 564768 Roadside N/A 100.0 27.8 37.9 34.2 38.1 44.0 Tube Diffusion DT29 424776 564861 Roadside N/A 100.0 53.0 61.1 55.7 55.0 66.7 Tube Diffusion DT30 424776 564861 Roadside N/A 100.0 51.3 57.7 58.4 54.6 64.6 Tube Diffusion DT31 424776 564861 Roadside N/A 100.0 49.0 59.9 59.1 56.1 65.6 Tube Diffusion DT32 425819 564237 Roadside N/A 91.7 35.1 42.2 45.7 41.4 39.3 Tube Diffusion DT33 (closed) 425478 563930 Roadside N/A 0.0 35.9 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT34 425428 563917 Roadside N/A 100.0 39.9 45.8 42.3 43.5 41.7 Tube Diffusion DT35 (closed) 425255 563913 Roadside N/A 0.0 34.9 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT36 425085 563942 Roadside N/A 83.3 34.7 38.1 38.4 38.0 44.2 Tube Diffusion DT37 425151 563807 Roadside N/A 91.7 36.9 40.8 38.4 42.3 49.2 Tube Diffusion DT38 (closed) 425048 563752 Roadside N/A 0.0 33.0 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT39 (closed) 424707 563483 Roadside N/A 0.0 33.5 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT40 424596 563558 Roadside N/A 0.0 23.1 46.9 46.7 - - Tube Diffusion DT42 424616 566899 Roadside N/A 91.7 31.1 26.7 31.1 38.9 Tube Diffusion DT43 424394 567625 Roadside N/A 83.3 34.5 42.1 40.4 40.7 48.7 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 35

Diffusion DT44 424401 567844 Roadside N/A 91.7 28.9 39.2 32.3 36.3 34.3 Tube Diffusion DT45 424413 568079 Roadside N/A 91.7 20.5 51.5 59.3 44.0 50.4 Tube Diffusion DT46 (closed) 424413 568079 Roadside N/A 0.0 22.2 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT47 (closed) 424413 568079 Roadside N/A 0.0 23.5 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT48 425641 568204 Roadside N/A 0.0 39.8 46.2 36.3 - - Tube Diffusion DT49 (closed) 425687 568377 Roadside N/A 0.0 18.6 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT50 425503 568109 Roadside N/A 100.0 33.2 42.4 38.6 36.2 39.4 Tube Diffusion DT51 (closed) 425046 567154 Roadside N/A 0.0 18.9 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT52 425183 565261 Roadside N/A 100.0 36.8 38.3 35.4 34.9 35.9 Tube Diffusion DT53 425425 565364 Roadside N/A 100.0 35.5 42.7 38.8 40.6 43.0 Tube Diffusion DT54 425701 565350 Roadside N/A 91.7 30.8 35.5 34.1 39.0 47.8 Tube Diffusion DT55 (closed) 427031 566575 Roadside N/A 0.0 29.3 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT56 427234 564893 Roadside N/A 91.7 37.2 36.7 37.4 33.9 36.9 Tube Diffusion DT57 426843 564775 Roadside N/A 91.7 36.7 37.1 38.1 34.7 40.9 Tube Diffusion DT58 (closed) 423089 565056 Roadside N/A 0.0 29.2 - - - - Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 36

Diffusion DT59 (closed) 422997 564444 Roadside N/A 0.0 25.1 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT60 (closed) 422210 564678 Roadside N/A 0.0 16.7 - - - - Tube Diffusion DT62 419448 565148 Roadside N/A 83.3 - 38.9 36.4 41.1 44.7 Tube DT63 (249 in Diffusion 424550 563899 Roadside N/A 100.0 41.2 37.9 44.6 49.3 54.3 2015) Tube Diffusion DT64 424829 564448 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - - 43.8 48.7 Tube Diffusion DT65 424666 564462 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - 71.3 70.7 Tube Diffusion DT67 (closed) 424456 568713 Roadside N/A 0.0 - 23.9 - - - Tube Diffusion DT68 (closed) 424330 568726 Roadside N/A 0.0 - 31.9 - - - Tube Diffusion DT69 (closed) 424293 569325 Roadside N/A 0.0 - 28.0 - - - Tube Diffusion DT70 (closed) 424258 569348 Roadside N/A 0.0 - 34.7 - - - Tube Diffusion DT71 419731 567259 Roadside N/A 0.0 - - 27.5 - Tube Diffusion DT72 420062 567123 Roadside N/A 0.0 - - 16.6 24.0 Tube Diffusion DT73 420385 566924 Roadside N/A 83.3 - - 30.6 32.4 32.3 Tube Diffusion DT74 424782 563866 Roadside N/A 0.0 - - 83.7 95.6 Tube Diffusion DT75 424774 563893 Roadside N/A 0.0 - - 91.2 78.7 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 37

Diffusion DT76 425183 563985 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 41.6 48.6 51.9 Tube Diffusion DT77 425277 563826 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - 33.4 42.4 48.5 Tube Diffusion DT78 425294 563836 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 58.5 48.9 53.3 Tube Diffusion DT79 425201 563992 Roadside N/A 83.3 - - 53.9 60.0 61.5 Tube Diffusion DT80 425286 564423 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 54.6 45.3 50.2 Tube Diffusion DT81 426543 566256 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 92.3 83.7 93.3 Tube Diffusion DT82 427442 566671 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 57.0 36.5 37.6 Tube Diffusion DT83 427465 566644 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 39.5 35.7 37.1 Tube Diffusion DT84 428143 566886 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - 48.2 44.9 51.2 Tube Diffusion DT85 424228 563769 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - - - 46.2 Tube Diffusion DT86 424255 564017 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 43.3 Tube Diffusion DT87 422086 566229 Roadside N/A 83.3 - - - - 50.7 Tube Diffusion DT88 421647 567002 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - - - 41.4 Tube Diffusion DT89 420401 565337 Roadside N/A 58.3 - - - - 55.0 Tube Diffusion DT90 421021 565042 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - - - 42.3 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 38

Diffusion DT91 420456 563670 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 36.9 Tube Diffusion DT92 422609 563271 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 31.4 Tube Diffusion DT93 427418 564833 Roadside N/A 91.7 - - - - 42.8 Tube Diffusion DT94 424456 563980 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 52.3 Tube Diffusion DT95 424449 563907 Roadside N/A 66.7 - - - - 47.8 Tube Diffusion DT96 427052 566422 Roadside N/A 25.0 - - - - 25.9 Tube Diffusion DT97 427209 565726 Roadside N/A 25.0 - - - - 32.3 Tube Diffusion DT98 427052 566422 Roadside N/A 25.0 - - - - 24.0 Tube Diffusion DT99 427209 565726 Roadside N/A 25.0 - - - - 33.4 Tube Diffusion DT100 427052 566422 Roadside N/A 50.0 - - - - 29.2 Tube Diffusion DT101 427209 565726 Roadside N/A 50.0 - - - - 37.5 Tube Diffusion DT102 425107 564463 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 55.2 Tube Diffusion DT103 425081 564400 Roadside N/A 100.0 - - - - 49.7 Tube Diffusion DT104 420545 566477 Roadside N/A 75.0 - - - - 20.3 Tube Diffusion DT105 424877 563990 Roadside N/A 66.7 - - - - 54.4 Tube Diffusion DT106 424861 563994 Roadside N/A 66.7 - - - - 54.2 Tube

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 39

Diffusion DT107 422873 568818 Roadside N/A 41.7 - - - - 24.1 Tube Diffusion DT108 424959 568781 Roadside N/A 25.0 - - - - 19.4 Tube ☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 40

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations – Automatic Monitors

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 41

Figure A. 2 - Monitoring Sites in City Centre AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 42

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 43

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 44

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 45

Figure A. 3 - Monitoring Sites in Gosforth AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 46

Figure A. 4 - Monitoring Sites to the East of City Centre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 47

Figure A. 5 - Monitoring Sites to the West of City Centre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 48

Figure A. 6 - Monitoring Sites in Denton Burn

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 49

Figure A. 7 - Monitoring Sites in Gosforth

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 50

Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS X OS Valid Data Capture Valid Data NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m Monitoring Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture Type (Easting) (Easting) Period (%) (1) 2019 (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 201 9 Newcastle Centre 425026 564918 Urban Centre Automatic N/A 98.2 0 0 0 0 0 (AURN) Newcastle Cradlewell 0 425992 565831 Roadside Automatic N/A 96.2 - 0 0 0 Roadside (135.2) (AURN) Newcastle 0 0 424776 564861 Roadside Automatic N/A 99.9 8 0 0 Percy Street (139.5) (129.4) Newcastle 0 Pilgrim 425124 564112 Roadside Automatic N/A 99.1 1 1 0 0 (149.0) Street Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 51

Table A.5 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS X OS Valid Data Capture Valid Data PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Site Type for Monitoring Capture 2019 (Easting) (Easting) Period (%) (1) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Newcastle Centre 425029 564916 Urban Background N/A 95.4 14.8 11.3 10.7 12.3 15.2 (AURN) Newcastle Cradlewell 425992 565831 Roadside N/A 77.3 18.1 18.0 14.0 15.4 16.2 Roadside (AURN) ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QCfor details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 52

Figure A.8 – Trends in Annual Mean PM10 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 53

Table A.6 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS X OS PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m Valid Data Capture for Valid Data Capture Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Site Type Monitoring Period (%) (1) 2019 (%) (2) (Easting) (Easting) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Newcastle Urban Centre 425029 564916 N/A 95.4 4 0 2 3 9 Background (AURN) Newcastle Cradlewell 3 425992 565831 Roadside N/A 77.3 2 3 2 3 Roadside (28.5) (AURN) Notes: 3 Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 90.4th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 54

3 Figure A.9 – Trends in Number of 24-Hour Mean PM10 Results >50µg/m

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 55

Table A.7 – PM2.5 Monitoring Results

3 (3) X OS X OS Valid Data PM2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Capture for Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Site Type Capture 2018 Monitoring Period (%) (1) (Easting) (Easting) (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Newcastle Urban Centre 425029 564916 N/A 94.0 10.5 8.9 7.0 9.0 8.8 Background (AURN) ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC for details.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 56

Figure A.10 – Trends in Annual Mean PM2.5 Concentrations

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 57

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019

Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS X OS Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Distance Bias Adjusted (Easting) (Easting) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Corrected to (0.98) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure (2)

DT2 425029 564916 39.9 39.4 33.6 26.2 25.7 24.7 21.4 29.0 32.1 37.4 39.9 37.1 32.2 31.6 - DT3 425029 564916 40.9 44.6 35.0 27.5 28.4 23.3 23.9 29.7 31.8 36.9 42.9 38.8 33.6 33.0 - DT4 425029 564916 39.3 44.7 34.8 26.6 28.3 24.1 23.5 28.2 32.1 33.8 36.5 40.4 32.7 32.0 - DT5 424948 564870 65.4 57.9 57.9 51.4 54.2 52.3 49.0 59.2 - 72.9 73.4 71.8 60.5 59.3 - DT6 425027 564695 54.8 43.0 48.4 43.7 - 40.0 41.9 43.4 51.7 60.2 68.1 57.1 50.2 49.2 - DT7 424934 564474 73.6 70.0 70.2 65.4 60.5 55.6 55.3 61.6 58.4 71.2 71.1 61.0 64.5 63.2 - DT8 424943 564347 46.6 71.7 60.6 88.3 65.3 59.3 58.5 66.9 67.8 63.1 78.3 68.4 66.2 64.9 - DT9 425045 564208 46.5 54.3 45.0 39.5 37.5 32.2 33.8 41.7 43.0 48.5 50.2 48.0 43.4 42.5 - DT10 425088 564168 61.2 71.3 57.8 49.5 46.5 44.0 45.0 54.2 55.6 72.3 57.4 58.9 56.1 55.0 35.0 DT12 425077 564116 67.3 80.5 63.9 76.7 64.4 60.8 61.2 61.5 70.5 76.1 79.3 68.6 69.2 67.8 - DT13 424729 563922 76.5 89.3 75.2 68.0 63.7 54.5 62.2 63.6 69.7 78.5 80.5 65.1 70.6 69.2 - DT14 424302 563837 36.5 50.0 46.4 41.2 43.0 36.4 37.3 38.7 50.3 55.3 52.3 47.4 44.6 43.7 38.2 DT16 424270 564102 51.3 52.1 40.6 58.4 41.9 36.1 39.1 31.8 46.7 52.9 58.6 39.1 45.7 44.8 27.2 DT17 424441 564055 44.3 35.6 33.9 38.8 - 23.8 30.5 27.8 - 44.5 45.5 40.9 36.6 35.8 - DT18 424432 564414 30.0 - 34.7 44.6 36.8 30.9 34.4 30.9 44.1 53.5 - 41.6 38.2 37.4 26.9

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 58

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean X OS X OS Site ID Grid Ref Grid Ref Distance Bias Adjusted (Easting) (Easting) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Corrected to (0.98) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure (2)

DT19 424591 564477 42.0 63.0 55.9 46.1 46.8 42.8 - 48.9 53.5 57.1 65.0 36.6 50.7 49.7 35.9 DT20 424737 564171 41.4 66.2 59.3 76.1 63.6 55.5 62.2 68.6 69.8 77.1 82.0 66.8 65.7 64.4 48.8 DT21 424797 564295 62.6 69.6 55.4 52.5 47.0 43.3 45.0 52.6 57.4 64.7 69.1 63.8 56.9 55.8 47.0 DT23 424518 564764 44.0 49.8 36.4 39.7 36.3 33.1 34.5 32.9 41.6 51.2 55.2 44.6 41.6 40.8 31.9 DT25 424341 564494 87.9 - 68.2 53.7 56.6 51.4 49.4 49.2 59.4 77.2 - 55.0 60.8 59.6 - DT26 424616 564559 58.3 58.4 51.4 55.9 48.3 45.8 43.9 44.3 52.6 60.4 70.4 53.6 53.6 52.5 37.4 DT28 424726 564768 43.5 47.6 31.1 53.5 45.1 40.0 40.2 34.7 51.1 49.4 59.5 43.1 44.9 44.0 42.6 DT29 424776 564861 74.3 70.6 66.3 57.9 59.8 61.1 55.7 69.3 68.0 77.3 86.2 70.2 68.1 66.7 36.8 DT30 424776 564861 69.1 75.7 67.5 56.9 59.9 60.1 57.3 64.3 58.6 72.9 82.1 66.8 65.9 64.6 36.1 DT31 424776 564861 72.6 67.6 61.3 58.7 62.1 58.6 58.1 66.9 71.4 71.6 82.5 71.3 66.9 65.6 36.4 DT32 425819 564237 52.4 - 37.1 39.4 31.7 34.2 35.3 29.7 38.0 50.0 55.9 37.7 40.1 39.3 29.1 DT34 425428 563917 51.0 52.3 46.1 42.8 33.0 12.2 42.4 37.0 45.2 51.3 56.0 41.0 42.5 41.7 38.3 DT36 425085 563942 52.4 52.1 46.7 35.3 - 28.4 39.0 39.2 46.3 - 61.4 50.7 45.2 44.2 31.1 DT37 425151 563807 58.2 52.4 40.1 53.1 - 45.7 44.0 35.2 48.9 59.2 68.6 46.9 50.2 49.2 33.2 DT42 424616 566899 31.0 41.7 24.0 52.9 37.5 41.1 39.2 32.8 - 53.2 46.5 36.3 39.7 38.9 28.1 DT43 424394 567625 66.5 57.5 46.2 38.6 - 39.9 41.8 37.7 48.5 58.5 62.1 - 49.7 48.7 46.1 DT44 424401 567844 25.7 45.3 31.0 56.5 39.5 37.8 36.5 28.4 41.8 3.5 - 38.5 35.0 34.3 - DT45 424413 568079 62.8 - 52.8 43.6 44.8 46.4 45.3 49.3 52.3 54.0 56.5 57.4 51.4 50.4 45.6 DT48 425641 568204 ------

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 59

DT50 425503 568109 53.6 47.6 37.0 38.7 38.0 37.2 38.1 34.1 46.3 26.0 53.8 32.0 40.2 39.4 36.9 DT52 425183 565261 48.3 47.1 34.2 43.3 40.4 39.8 37.5 31.4 26.6 48.8 1.6 40.6 36.6 35.9 - DT53 425425 565364 35.5 48.5 40.5 51.8 45.9 41.0 39.0 33.1 43.0 50.7 57.2 39.8 43.8 43.0 35.4 DT54 425701 565350 51.8 55.7 47.4 41.5 38.3 36.3 36.9 39.1 - 61.4 66.0 62.2 48.8 47.8 39.6 DT56 427234 564893 43.7 41.7 40.5 - 34.5 29.3 32.2 29.3 36.9 44.6 47.4 34.0 37.6 36.9 35.4 DT57 426843 564775 50.7 49.3 41.5 - 32.6 36.2 35.8 36.2 39.4 48.7 47.1 41.7 41.7 40.9 39.2 DT62 419448 565148 39.9 50.8 28.9 74.0 42.3 44.7 - 32.6 47.7 - 53.9 41.0 45.6 44.7 38.7 DT63 (249 in 424550 563899 58.6 60.1 48.7 59.7 51.1 42.1 52.1 45.5 60.9 68.6 73.5 44.5 55.5 54.3 54.3 2015) DT64 424829 564448 52.1 60.7 44.5 55.4 43.3 40.2 38.7 - 49.5 56.9 53.8 52.0 49.7 48.7 - DT65 424666 564462 85.1 83.1 84.8 83.8 77.6 68.8 59.3 62.1 72.3 80.5 53.1 55.2 72.1 70.7 - DT73 420385 566924 37.1 - 30.7 36.7 29.9 18.6 - 29.1 35.2 22.7 47.6 41.5 32.9 32.3 - DT76 425183 563985 67.4 69.1 56.3 45.7 48.9 43.3 42.7 49.4 55.7 32.8 65.3 59.3 53.0 51.9 - DT77 425277 563826 66.2 54.4 34.4 51.6 - 36.8 40.7 32.6 48.2 58.2 71.3 50.2 49.5 48.5 - DT78 425294 563836 86.9 65.3 56.1 43.2 39.9 37.4 44.9 52.1 61.3 36.9 72.5 56.5 54.4 53.3 - DT79 425201 563992 66.0 76.5 63.7 85.1 63.4 57.3 58.8 - 58.9 37.9 - 59.7 62.7 61.5 - DT80 425286 564423 62.5 59.4 55.0 55.0 47.9 42.8 42.7 46.3 54.3 31.8 60.8 56.5 51.3 50.2 - DT81 426543 566256 93.1 109.6 89.0 101.2 94.8 89.4 89.8 89.7 99.7 61.1 120.5 104.0 95.2 93.3 46.2 DT82 427442 566671 31.0 38.9 38.5 42.8 28.8 32.1 32.6 35.4 44.8 30.9 53.6 50.4 38.3 37.6 29.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 60

DT83 427465 566644 49.3 46.1 44.2 29.2 28.5 30.0 32.3 30.2 41.0 24.1 56.7 42.3 37.8 37.1 26.2 DT84 428143 566886 61.7 64.9 47.2 53.9 51.6 43.6 44.1 47.8 53.7 36.5 67.7 54.8 52.3 51.2 24.8 DT85 424228 563769 53.7 44.8 40.6 62.4 - 38.5 48.9 38.3 50.0 29.7 65.2 46.5 47.1 46.2 - DT86 424255 564017 41.9 50.8 34.5 63.9 45.6 34.6 42.7 33.0 45.8 28.5 66.8 42.7 44.2 43.3 - DT87 422086 566229 65.8 54.3 55.4 - - 38.8 43.8 44.2 54.6 30.3 68.1 62.3 51.8 50.7 31.0 DT88 421647 567002 54.0 51.5 41.5 42.2 36.0 35.0 34.3 - 41.5 28.0 57.3 43.7 42.3 41.4 30.2 DT89 420401 565337 64.6 45.6 44.4 64.6 51.9 - 51.8 - 54.9 - - - 54.0 55.0 43.1 DT90 421021 565042 50.1 54.4 45.4 50.7 45.9 - 36.4 32.4 45.3 23.7 46.6 44.3 43.2 42.3 31.5 DT91 420456 563670 40.3 47.4 35.9 42.5 33.9 27.2 31.0 29.0 39.8 26.0 58.3 40.8 37.7 36.9 - DT92 422609 563271 44.6 38.5 29.3 32.6 25.8 23.7 25.7 33.3 32.6 21.0 44.5 32.4 32.0 31.4 - DT93 427418 564833 69.8 55.4 56.6 29.4 34.6 37.9 35.6 37.6 - 22.5 55.9 45.4 43.7 42.8 - DT94 424456 563980 60.7 37.0 50.0 59.9 52.8 50.1 50.9 52.9 63.2 35.6 65.6 62.0 53.4 52.3 40.3 DT95 424449 563907 43.6 - 42.0 - 46.7 40.3 47.0 44.2 53.9 31.9 - - 43.7 47.8 33.4 DT96 427052 566422 32.0 32.5 24.1 ------29.5 25.9 - DT97 427209 565726 38.9 40.1 31.4 ------36.8 32.3 - DT98 427052 566422 30.6 27.0 24.4 ------27.3 24.0 - DT99 427209 565726 42.1 42.1 29.8 ------38.0 33.4 - DT100 427052 566422 35.3 34.3 27.8 33.3 22.9 19.9 ------28.9 29.2 - DT101 427209 565726 37.5 39.2 29.6 48.7 37.4 30.1 ------37.1 37.5 36.3

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 61

DT102 425107 564463 55.4 71.2 54.4 62.5 46.5 53.1 50.2 46.9 61.2 35.7 75.3 63.4 56.3 55.2 - DT103 425081 564400 66.4 62.9 52.5 42.3 41.7 44.9 44.1 46.9 51.8 32.1 70.4 52.3 50.7 49.7 - DT104 420545 566477 - - - 23.2 17.7 16.5 15.4 18.3 23.7 15.2 34.2 22.0 20.7 20.3 - DT105 424877 563990 - - - 64.7 54.9 52.0 52.5 50.3 59.4 32.8 35.9 - 50.3 54.4 - DT106 424861 563994 - - - 71.1 58.8 59.0 - 54.1 60.6 33.2 35.2 52.3 53.0 54.2 - DT107 422873 568818 - - - - - 22.3 - - 27.8 17.1 36.4 30.8 26.9 24.1 - DT108 424959 568781 ------13.8 33.3 28.4 25.2 19.4 -

☒ Local bias adjustment factor used ☐ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 62

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC The Council is the Local Site Operator (LSO) for the AURN and has adopted Defra’s quality control procedures. Officers have been trained by Defra in the operation and maintenance of the AURN air quality monitoring equipment and they adhere to AEA Technology’s Site Operator’s Manual for the AURN. The AURN is calibrated on a monthly basis by LSOs and serviced at six monthly intervals by Ricardo-AEA. Data from the AURN are quality controlled and ratified by Bureau Veritas. The rest of the continuous monitoring sites are as well operated by the council and are serviced and maintained by ET.

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Environmental Scientifics Group Ltd (ESG) Didcot using the 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in acetone method. ESG participates in the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise and the laboratory also participates in Defra’s AIR NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme. The ESG laboratory follows the procedures set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance and is UKAS accredited. In 2019, the tube precision for nitrogen dioxide Annual Field Inter- Comparison for ESG using the 50% TEA in acetone method was ‘good’ for the results of 22 participating local authorities and “poor” for 1.

Local Bias Adjustment Factor

Newcastle City Council use a local co-location site to validate NO2 diffusion tube results which are used to calculate the bias adjustment. This is done by comparison with the chemiluminescent analyser located at the AURN, St Mary’s Place. Figure C.1 below shows ratified data and calculated bias adjustment factor for NO2 diffusion tubes in 2019. The derived local biased adjustment factor was 0.98.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 63

Figure C.1 - Local bias adjustment factor calculation for NO2 diffusion tube data.

National Biased Adjustment Factor The national bias adjustment value of 0.93 for 2019 was determined from version 0320final of the national bias adjustment spreadsheet.

The summary of laboratory precision published by the UWE Air Quality Helpdesk, tubes analysed by Gradko displayed ‘Good’ precision in 25 studies and “Poor” in 2 in 2019 for 20% TEA / Water (based on spreadsheet version v0320final published March 2020).

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use Newcastle City Council has chosen to use a local co-location site at St Mary’s Place (Newcastle Centre AURN) which takes into account local trends.

Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment

A number of diffusion tube monitoring sites recorded <75% data capture in 2019.These data were seasonally adjusted (annualised) by comparison with two automatic monitoring stations, according to LAQM.TG(16) guidance (Defra, 2016), one of which (Newcastle Centre AURN) is operated as part of the Defra Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN). The other, Sunderland Silkworth AURN, is also an urban background location operated by Defra. The results can be seen in Table C. 1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 64

Table C. 1 – NO2 Data Annualisation Periodic Mean (µg/m3) Annual Mean (µg/m3) Annual to Periodic Mean Ratio

Raw Periodic Data Valid Annualised Data Newcastle Sunderland Newcastle Sunderland Newcastle Sunderland ID Availability Data Mean Mean Centre Silkworth Centre Silkworth Centre Silkworth Average 3 (months) Capture 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (AURN) (AURN) (AURN) (AURN) (AURN) (AURN) (%)

Jan, Feb, Mar, DT89 Apr, May, Jul, 58.3 54.0 31.6 12.1 32.1 12.8 1.02 1.06 1.04 56.2 Sep Jan, Mar, May, DT95 Jun, Jul, Aug, 66.7 43.7 29.9 11.1 32.1 12.8 1.07 1.16 1.12 48.8 Sep, Oct DT96 Jan, Feb, Mar 25.0 29.5 36.0 14.3 32.1 12.8 0.89 0.90 0.90 26.5 DT97 Jan, Feb, Mar 25.0 36.8 36.0 14.3 32.1 12.8 0.89 0.90 0.90 33.0 DT98 Jan, Feb, Mar 25.0 27.3 36.0 14.3 32.1 12.8 0.89 0.90 0.90 24.5 DT99 Jan, Feb, Mar 25.0 38.0 36.0 14.3 32.1 12.8 0.89 0.90 0.90 34.0 Jan, Feb, Mar, DT100 50.0 28.9 32.2 12.1 32.1 12.8 1.00 1.06 1.03 29.8 Apr, May, Jun Jan, Feb, Mar, DT101 50.0 37.1 32.2 12.1 32.1 12.8 1.00 1.06 1.03 38.2 Apr, May, Jun April, May, DT105 Jun, Jul, Aug, 66.7 50.3 30.0 11.3 32.1 12.8 1.07 1.13 1.10 55.5 Sep, Oct, Nov April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, DT106 66.7 53.0 30.8 12.3 32.1 12.8 1.04 1.04 1.04 55.3 Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec Jun, Sep, Oct, DT107 41.7 26.9 33.8 14.6 32.1 12.8 0.95 0.88 0.92 24.6 Nov, Dec DT108 Oct, Nov, Dec 25.0 25.2 37.4 18.0 32.1 12.8 0.86 0.71 0.79 19.8

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 65 Newcastle City Council Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

Figure D.1 - Air Quality Monitoring in Newcastle City Centre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 66 Newcastle City Council Figure D.2 - Air Quality Monitoring East of Newcastle City Centre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 67 Newcastle City Council Figure D.3 - Air Quality Monitoring West of Newcastle City Centre

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 68 Newcastle City Council Figure D.4 - Air Quality Monitoring in Gosforth

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 69 Newcastle City Council Figure D.5 - Air Quality Monitoring in Denton Burn

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 70 Newcastle City Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective7 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than Particulate Matter 24-hour mean 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

7 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 71 Newcastle City Council

Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 72 Newcastle City Council

References

AQC (2008) NO2 Concentrations and Distance from Roads (version 4), accessed June 2020 Air Quality Archive website, http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/index.php, accessed June 2020 Defra (2006) Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis Defra (2013) Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality Defra (2016) Local Air Quality Management, Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (16)

Defra (2017) A Briefing for Directors of Public Health

Defra (2020) Local bias adjustment factors – spreadsheet v.04, https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/local-bias.html accessed June 2020

Defra (2020) National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet version 03/20, https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html accessed June 2020 Defra (2020) Precision and Accuracy, https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion- tubes/precision.html, accessed June 2020

Defra (2020) QA QC Framework, https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion-tubes/qa-qc- framework.html, accessed June 2020

Newcastle City Council (2019) Breathe: The Clean Air Plan for Newcastle, Gateshead and North Tyneside, https://democracy.newcastle.gov.uk/documents/s153181/December%20Cabinet%20 Paper%20ncl%20v9.pdf, accessed June 2020

Newcastle City Council (2020) Air quality, pollution and monitoring, https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/services/environment-and-waste/environmental-health- and-pollution/air-pollution/air-quality, accessed June 2020

Newcastle City Council Online – Planning Home, https://portal.newcastle.gov.uk/planning/index.html, accessed June 2020

Newcastle City Council (2020) Tackling air quality, https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/our- city/transport-improvements/transport-and-air-quality/tackling-air-quality, accessed June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 73 Newcastle City Council

Public Health Outcomes Framework, http://www.phoutcomes.info, accessed June 2020. Ricardo-AEA (2013) http://www.airqualityengland.co.uk/local-authority/?la_id=107 accessed June 2020 Wheeler (2010) Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 74