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NIGER an Introduction to the Country Economy and the National Innovation System

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NIGER an Introduction to the Country Economy and the National Innovation System COUNTRY OVERVIEW NIGER An Introduction to the Country Economy and the National Innovation System AID 11346 Emerging African Innovation Leaders G7 Exchange & Empowerment Program for enabling Innovation within the Next Production Revolution Work Package 1 in collaboration with COUNTRY OVERVIEW: NIGER An Introduction to the Country Economy and the National Innovation System This report describes Niger’s National Innovation System (NIS) under the lens of the Next Production Revolution (NPR). After summarizing the main characteristics of the country’s economy, it introduces the NIS players and institutions that are considered to sustain the diffusion of NPR technologies and business models across the main domestic industries. The report is primarily aimed at introducing all the members of the Emerging African Innovation Leaders project, including trainers and mentors, to the country’s economy, its potential for the NPR technologies and the NIS components that can foster the embracement of the NPR in Niger. The report content may also be of interest to local and international policymakers, enterprises and civil sector organizations that are working toward the NPR adoption in the country. The document was produced by Leonardo Rosciarelli between April and August 2018 as a researcher of Politecnico di Torino and the Energy Center Initiative. The report is part of a serie of six Country Overviews, which were designed and reviewed by the “Emerging African Innovation Leaders” research team composed by Pierluigi Leone and Leonardo Rosciarelli from Politecnico di Torino, and Emanuela Colombo, Paola Garrone, Andrea Gumina, Fabio Lamperti, Boris Mrkajic, Felipe Repetto, Nicolo’ Stevanato and Stefano Pistolese from Politecnico di Milano. AID 11346 Emerging African Innovation Leaders G7 Exchange & Empowerment Program for enabling Innovation within the Next Production Revolution in collaboration with Graphic design: Silvia Isaia 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1 Country overview 7 1.1 General description 7 1.2 Economy 8 1.3 Industry structure 9 1.4 Natural resources 10 1.5 Smart and integrated infrastructure (Enabling quality infrastructures) 11 1.5.1 Energy 11 1.5.2. Mobility 12 1.5.3. Digitalization 13 1.6 Human resources 14 1.7 Entrepreneurship 14 1.8 Science, research and innovation 15 2 Institutions of the national innovation system 17 2.1 Firms 17 2.2 Government 18 2.3 Universities 20 2.4 Innovation and enterprise support institutions 20 2.5 Linkages between the institutions 21 3 Conclusions 23 3.1 Key actors in the national innovation system 23 3.1.1. National agency for industrial property and innovation promotion (AN2PI) 23 3.1.2. National agency for information society (ANSI) 23 3.1.3. University Dan Dicko Dankoulodo of Maradi 23 3.1.4. Niger SME incubator centre (CIPMEN) 24 3.2 Challenges, opportunities and learning needs 24 Appendix A 27 References 28 in collaboration with 3 4 This report aims at describing and a great amount of people live in Executive analysing the National Innovation extreme poverty and this fact System (NIS) of Niger, inspecting affects mostly its current ranking Summary the topic, the key institutions and in international standards and statistics. Recently, in Niger of the Next Production Revolution there were some experiences of (NPR).the specific actors under the lens international collaborations that brought foreign investments from France and China. However, real describes the country focusing industrial conglomerates have onThe several first Sectionimportant of aspectsthe report (e.g. yet to come and much of today's geography, politics, economy, production is obtained with industry structure, etc.) with the knowledge coming from foreign aim of providing an insight of the countries. The low performance local situation and to critically of Niger is also caused by a understand the starting point series of circumstances and for the spreading of the NPR. the fundamental lack of basic infrastructure for the mobility, sahelo-saharan countries and it transmission and distribution of presentsSpecifically, quite Niger good is onepromising of the utility services such as digital or features for future development. energy ones. Its strategical position makes it an irreplaceable crossroads The second section provides a to connect the southern african synthetic but insightful picture of nations with the north of the the country’s National Innovation continent and especially with the System and critically analyses European markets. the major categories of actors. Moreover, its abundance of natural Although some actions have been resources, both of minerals and launched in the last ten years of energy materials, and its large in terms of capacity building availability of uncultivated lands and improving the conditions make it particularly prearranged of civil society, the biggest for future expansion. It presents steps are still to be taken. One few disparities in terms of living of these is the reduction of the standard if considering the amount of informal markets and kind of settlement: while urban the promotion of constructive population starts to experience investments on the territory. It an increasing number of services, is perhaps necessary to push the great amount of rural investments towards the creation population still relies on basic of new infrastructures and new services that can stimulate the self-agriculture. In addition, still creation of both industrial and survival methods like fishery or in collaboration with 5 innovative clusters, being truly that could become favourable to capable of overturning the current this action purpose. Then, related situation of the Nigerien economy. In fact, many of the business actions undertaken in the country seem to the second and final part, after to be the result of individualistic cross-analyseda critical assessment, with the five three key drives, with the absence of real NPR-enablingsectors have been transformationidentified and coordination centres aimed at optimizing the innovation and Digitalization. constructive process. In fact, the fields of Energy, Mobility and promotion of investments is still at the beginning and there are areas of development especially in the urban areas surrounding the capital, where the major interconnections with the nearby French-speaking countries take place. Finally, despite the more education-oriented policy of the last few years, resources for higher or university education are lacking and the drop-out threshold for primary schools is still at the lowest in the world. As highlighted in the previous section, this may force the country to rely on external aid, thus exposing it to various factors of instability. Finally, the third section has the aim of exploring key actors of the NIS, highlighting their degree and kind of involvement, actions and potential to foster the spreading of the NPR in Niger and then to terms of possible actions to be takensummarize to improve the main the findings national in ecosystem and promote a range of solutions to common problems. So, we highlighted two agencies, a university and a possible incubator 6 season, no rainfall, mean presents a synthetic overview of temperature of 35° C, 1. theThis Nigerien first Section framework of thein terms report of • November-February: winter socio-political and infrastructural with minimum temperature of aspects. This kind of analysis is 10° C, necessary to proceed in further • March-May: hot season with Country chapters to a critical assessment of maximum and minimum the country innovation ecosystem temperature of 45° C and 25° C overview respectively. 1.1and definition General of its description own peculiarities. After the adoption of the Niger is a Sahelo-Saharan, constitution on the 25th of landlocked, low-income country November 2010, Niger is under a multi-party-political system, with statistics, approximately 17 a semi-presidential republican millionthat had, basedinhabitants on official in national 2012 regime. Indeed, the president is (20 millions estimated in 2017). elected by universal suffrage and Most of them are settled in rural instructs the prime minister to communities (84%) and the form the government. approximate population density In 2017, after many years of is 13,5 people per km2. The most undesired primacy for the lowest diffused religion is Sunni Islam world Human Development (80%), followed by Christian and Index, Niger registered feeble animist minorities. improvements that are still Malaria is one of the main problems hindered by corruption and the of the country (more than 3 million increasing social inequality. At cases diagnosed in 2016) followed the same time, Niger has become by malnutrition, which affects the center of the renovated about 15% of the total population, international commitment for the while 30% of cases end up with Sahel region, strategic for the serious consequences. control of many natural resources The capital of Niger is Niamey and geopolitics equilibria. Notably, and it is located, as the main urban Italy only recently decided centres, in the southern area of the to re-establish its diplomatic country. headquarters in Niamey, with a decision taken on October 2016. The climate varies across the Beyond Italy, other countries country but it is roughly divided showed interest for this region into 4 bands: with France that plays the key • June-September: raining season, role for its former colonial rule mean temperature of 33° C, and the interest in uranium ore. • October-mid November: humid France continues to import 30% in collaboration with 7 of its uranium requirements from In 2016 the total exported goods this country. China, Sud Africa, amounted to almost $US 600 India, United States, Canada and million, 48% of which went toward Germany are the other countries France, while 38% went toward that have appeared in Niger in West African countries, 7% to recent years. Switzerland and 5% to USA. Exports to Asian countries 1.2 Economy totally switched from China to Japan and other Niger has experienced an increase Asia countries (mainly in wellbeing in the last 10 years, Southeast Asia) in 2014- as demonstrated by the rise of 2015, but almost critically GDP, during which period the arrested in 2016.
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