Animals 2013, 3, 693-721; doi:10.3390/ani3030693 OPEN ACCESS animals ISSN 2076-2615 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Article Biological Anomalies around the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake Cristiano Fidani Central Italy Electromagnetic Network, 63847 San Procolo, Fermo, Italy; E-Mail:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-0753-4060; Fax: +39-0753-4036 Received: 4 February 2013; in revised form: 30 July 2013 / Accepted: 31 July 2013 / Published: 6 August 2013 Simple Summary: Earthquakes have been seldom associated with reported non-seismic phenomena observed weeks before and after shocks. Non-seismic phenomena are characterized by radio disturbances and light emissions as well as degassing of vast areas near the epicenter with chemical alterations of shallow geospheres (aquifers, soils) and the troposphere. Many animals are sensitive to even the weakest changes in the environment, typically responding with behavioral and physiological changes. A specific questionnaire was developed to collect data on these changes around the time of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Abstract: The April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake was the strongest seismic event to occur in Italy over the last thirty years with a magnitude of M = 6.3. Around the time of the seismic swarm many instruments were operating in Central Italy, even if not dedicated to biological effects associated with the stress field variations, including seismicity. Testimonies were collected using a specific questionnaire immediately after the main shock, including data on earthquake lights, gas leaks, human diseases, and irregular animal behavior. The questionnaire was made up of a sequence of arguments, based upon past historical earthquake observations and compiled over seven months after the main shock.