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Simpcw Traditional Land Use and Ecological Knowledge Project in Response to the Proposed Kinder Morgan/TM Pipeline

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Simpcw Traditional Land Use and Ecological Knowledge Project in Response to the Proposed Kinder Morgan/TM Pipeline Simpcw First Nation –Land and Resource Use Study May 2014 T’7ekmin’-tp re Simpcwul’ecw te xyemstem-kuc “Through the Heart of Simpcwul’ecw” Simpcw Traditional Land Use and Ecological Knowledge Project In Response to the Proposed Kinder Morgan/TM Pipeline Prepared for: Kinder Morgan Canada 300 5th Avenue SW, Suite 2700 Calgary, AB T2P 5J2 Prepared by: Simpcw First Nation 500 Dunn Lake Road Barriere, BC V0E 1E0 Prepared by Simpcw First Nation Page i Simpcw First Nation –Land and Resource Use Study May 2014 Executive Summary This Report was prepared solely in connection with Kinder Morgan Canada`s proposed Trans Mountain Expansion Project (“TMEP”). The purpose of this Report is to provide a summary of the resources and places used by Simpcwemc within the TMEP footprint, both past and present, for the exercise of traditional and cultural activities, including resource harvest and resource preparation, settlement, and spiritual and ceremonial purposes. This Report should be considered as a whole. Selecting only portions of the Report for reliance may create a misleading view of the Simpcw First Nation’s (“Simpcw”) claims or interests to the area. Furthermore, given the sensitive nature of Simpcw traditional land use information and traditional ecological knowledge, this Report provides only a summary of Simpcw’s use and occupation of the proposed TMEP footprint. For example, specific locations of Simpcw sites will not be identified in order to ensure their protection and preservation. Simpcw retains exclusive ownership over the traditional land use and traditional ecological knowledge collected and provided in this Report. Kinder Morgan Canada may use the information contained in this Report to inform any regulatory processes and for the purposes of informing the planning, design, evaluation, assessment, development, operation and maintenance of the TMEP and not for other purposes. To be clear, no person may rely on this Report for any other purpose without the prior written approval from Simpcw. Should a third party use this Report without Simpcw’s approval, they may not rely upon it. Simpcw accepts no responsibility for loss or damages suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions taken based on this Report. This Report does not constitute consultation as owed by the Crown to Simpcw with respect to the proposed TMEP, or any other contemplated Crown action within Simpcw Territory. This Report was conducted within a specified timeline and budget. As such, it is not a complete account of Simpcw’s use of its Territory or of the proposed TMEP footprint. While a substantial effort was employed to obtain as many references as possible in completing the work described in this Report, it is expected that additional sources remain that were inaccessible during this project; and that additional interviewees did not come forward. Any such information could affect the results of this Report. This Report, identifying the results of the Land and Resource Use Study, provides the basis for the requirement on the part of British Columbia, Canada and Kinder Morgan Canada via delegation by government, to engage in deep consultation with Simpcw with regard to the proposed TMEP. As government has purported to delegate aspects of its obligation to consult and accommodate to Kinder Morgan Canada, it is vital that the company appreciates the significance of Simpcw’s aboriginal title and rights in and around the proposed TMEP footprint. Taken together, the strength of Simpcw’s claim of aboriginal title and rights, and the severity of the potential impacts of the proposed TMEP situate the duty to consult relative to these projects at the high end of the spectrum identified by the Supreme Court of Canada in Haida Nation. Prepared by Simpcw First Nation Page ii Simpcw First Nation –Land and Resource Use Study May 2014 Acknowledgments Simpcw would like to thank Estsek’ Environmental Services LLP (“Estsek’”) and Kerri Jo Fortier for organizing and facilitating this Report; Steven Patterson for his GIS skills and knowledge of the area; Judy Banks; Dodie Eustache; and Marissa Eustache for their extensive patience in researching, interviewing and reporting; and to Sidney Jules for his knowledge and assistance with field work. We would also like to extend a “thank you” to all the individuals (Elders and other community members) who participated in the interview process – with special mention to Mona Jules for assisting us with the name of this Report. Prepared by Simpcw First Nation Page iii Simpcw First Nation –Land and Resource Use Study May 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ iii 1.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Proponent’s Proposed project: Overview ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Land and Resource Use Study Project Overview ........................................................... 1 1.2.1 What Is a Land and Resource Use Study? .................................................................. 1 1.2.2 Why Conduct This Study? .......................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 How Was This Study Conducted? .............................................................................. 3 1.2.4 Who Participated in This Study? ................................................................................ 3 2.0 Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Acronym Glossary .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Term Glossary ................................................................................................................. 4 3.0 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Background Research ..................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1 Documentary Review.................................................................................................. 5 3.1.2 Analysis....................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Interviews ........................................................................................................................ 6 3.3 Reporting......................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.1 Main Document .......................................................................................................... 6 3.4 Mapping .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.4.1 Plant Harvest ............................................................................................................... 7 3.4.2 Hunting ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.4.3 Selcweyce (Mountain Caribou) .................................................................................. 8 3.4.4 Teniye (Moose) .......................................................................................................... 9 3.4.5 Rocky Mountain Mule Deer ....................................................................................... 9 3.4.6 White-tailed Deer ...................................................................................................... 10 3.4.7 Rocky Mountain Elk ................................................................................................. 10 3.4.8 Mountain Goat .......................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Parallel (Separate) Field Studies ................................................................................... 11 3.6 Archaeology .................................................................................................................. 11 4.0 Background ..................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Cultural Setting ............................................................................................................. 12 4.2 Territorial Setting .......................................................................................................... 14 4.2.1 Relationships with Others ......................................................................................... 15 4.3 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................. 20 4.3.1 Biogeoclimatic Zones ............................................................................................... 20 4.4 Traditional Life-Ways ................................................................................................... 24 4.4.1 Social Organization ................................................................................................... 24 4.4.2 Governance ..............................................................................................................
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