DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of Asymmetric Genitalia in Spiders and Insects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of Asymmetric Genitalia in Spiders and Insects Biol. Rev. (2007), 82, pp. 647–698. 647 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00029.x The evolution of asymmetric genitalia in spiders and insects Bernhard A. Huber*, Bradley J. Sinclair** and Michael Schmitt Alexander Koenig Research Museum of Zoology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany (Received 12 February 2007; revised 13 August 2007; accepted 22 August 2007) ABSTRACT Asymmetries are a pervading phenomenon in otherwise bilaterally symmetric organisms and recent studies have highlighted their potential impact on our understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes like the evolution of development and the selection for morphological novelties caused by behavioural changes. One character system that is particularly promising in this respect is animal genitalia because (1) asymmetries in genitalia have evolved many times convergently, and (2) the taxonomic literature provides a tremendous amount of comparative data on these organs. This review is an attempt to focus attention on this promising but neglected topic by summarizing what we know about insect genital asymmetries, and by contrasting this with the situation in spiders, a group in which genital asymmetries are rare. In spiders, only four independent origins of genital asymmetry are known, two in Theridiidae (Tidarren/ Echinotheridion, Asygyna) and two in Pholcidae (Metagonia, Kaliana). In insects, on the other hand, genital asymmetry is a widespread and common phenomenon. In some insect orders or superorders, genital asymmetry is in the groundplan (e.g. Dictyoptera, Embiidina, Phasmatodea), in others it has evolved multiple times convergently (e.g. Coleoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera). Surprisingly, the huge but widely scattered information has not been reviewed for over 70 years. We combine data from studies on taxonomy, mating behaviour, genital mechanics, and phylogeny, to explain why genital asymmetry is so common in insects but so rare in spiders. We identify further fundamental differences between spider and insect genital asymmetries: (1) in most spiders, the direction of asymmetry is random, in most insects it is fixed; (2) in most spiders, asymmetry evolved first (or only) in the female while in insects genital asymmetry is overwhelmingly limited to the male. We thus propose that sexual selection has played a crucial role in the evolution of insect genital asymmetry, via a route that is accessible to insects but not to spiders. The centerpiece in this insect route to asymmetry is changes in mating position. Available evidence strongly suggests that the plesiomorphic neopteran mating position is a female-above position. Changes to male-dominated positions have occurred frequently, and some of the resulting positions require abdominal twisting, flexing, and asymmetric contact between male and female genitalia. Insects with their median unpaired sperm transfer organ may adopt a one-sided asymmetric position and still transfer the whole amount of sperm. Spiders with their paired sperm transfer organs can only mate in symmetrical or alternating two-sided positions without foregoing transfer of half of their sperm. We propose several hypotheses regarding the evolution of genital asymmetry. One explains morphological asymmetry as a mechanical compensation for evolutionary and behavioural changes of mating position. The morphological asymmetry per se is not advantageous, but rather the newly adopted mating position is. The second hypothesis predicts a split of functions between right and left sides. In contrast to the previous hypothesis, morphological asymmetry per se is advantageous. A third hypothesis evokes internal space constraints that favour asymmetric placement and morphology of internal organs and may secondarily affect the genitalia. Further hypotheses appear supported by a few exceptional cases only. Key words: asymmetry, genitalia, copulatory organs, mating position, Araneae, Insecta. * Address for correspondence: E-mail: [email protected]. ** Present address: Entomology Laboratory – CFIA, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6 B.A.H. wrote all chapters except those on Coleoptera and Diptera, B.J.S. wrote the Diptera chapter, and M.S. the Coleoptera chapter. Biological Reviews 82 (2007) 647–698 Ó 2007 The Authors Journal compilation Ó 2007 Cambridge Philosophical Society 648 Bernhard A. Huber, Bradley J. Sinclair and Michael Schmitt CONTENTS I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 648 II. Genitalia ............................................................................................................................................ 649 III. Asymmetry ........................................................................................................................................ 650 IV. Spiders ............................................................................................................................................... 651 (1) Pholcidae ..................................................................................................................................... 651 (2) Theridiidae .................................................................................................................................. 651 V. Insects ................................................................................................................................................ 651 (1) Apterygote insects and Palaeoptera ........................................................................................... 651 (2) Lower Neoptera .......................................................................................................................... 652 (a) Orthoptera ............................................................................................................................. 652 (b) Phasmida ............................................................................................................................... 653 (c) Embiidina .............................................................................................................................. 653 (d) Grylloblattodea ...................................................................................................................... 654 (e) Mantophasmatodea ............................................................................................................... 654 (f) Plecoptera .............................................................................................................................. 655 (g) Dermaptera ........................................................................................................................... 655 (h) Zoraptera ............................................................................................................................... 656 (i) Dictyoptera ............................................................................................................................ 656 (3) Paraneoptera ............................................................................................................................... 657 (a) Thysanoptera ......................................................................................................................... 657 (b) ‘Homoptera’ .......................................................................................................................... 658 (c) Heteroptera ........................................................................................................................... 658 (d) Psocodea ................................................................................................................................ 660 (4) Holometabola .............................................................................................................................. 662 (a) Neuropterida ......................................................................................................................... 662 (b) Siphonaptera ......................................................................................................................... 662 (c) Mecoptera ............................................................................................................................. 663 (d) Strepsiptera ............................................................................................................................ 664 (e) Coleoptera ............................................................................................................................. 664 (f) Hymenoptera ......................................................................................................................... 665 (g) Trichoptera ............................................................................................................................ 666 (h) Lepidoptera ........................................................................................................................... 667 (i) Diptera ................................................................................................................................... 670 VI. Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 675 (1) Multiple origins of genital asymmetry ....................................................................................... 675 (2) The evolution of mating
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SYSTEMATICS of the MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of T
    SYSTEMATICS OF THE MEGADIVERSE SUPERFAMILY GELECHIOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTEA) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sibyl Rae Bucheli, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Daniel Herms Dr. Hans Klompen _________________________________ Dr. Steven C. Passoa Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology ABSTRACT The phylogenetics, systematics, taxonomy, and biology of Gelechioidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) are investigated. This superfamily is probably the second largest in all of Lepidoptera, and it remains one of the least well known. Taxonomy of Gelechioidea has been unstable historically, and definitions vary at the family and subfamily levels. In Chapters Two and Three, I review the taxonomy of Gelechioidea and characters that have been important, with attention to what characters or terms were used by different authors. I revise the coding of characters that are already in the literature, and provide new data as well. Chapter Four provides the first phylogenetic analysis of Gelechioidea to include molecular data. I combine novel DNA sequence data from Cytochrome oxidase I and II with morphological matrices for exemplar species. The results challenge current concepts of Gelechioidea, suggesting that traditional morphological characters that have united taxa may not be homologous structures and are in need of further investigation. Resolution of this problem will require more detailed analysis and more thorough characterization of certain lineages. To begin this task, I conduct in Chapter Five an in- depth study of morphological evolution, host-plant selection, and geographical distribution of a medium-sized genus Depressaria Haworth (Depressariinae), larvae of ii which generally feed on plants in the families Asteraceae and Apiaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring and Sampling Manual 2018
    Monitoring and Sampling Manual Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 Prepared by: Water Quality and Investigation, Department of Environment and Science (DES) © State of Queensland, 2018. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek our permission, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. For more information on this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5470. This publication can be made available in an alternative format (e.g. large print or audiotape) on request for people with vision impairment; phone +61 7 3170 5470 or email <[email protected]>. Citation DES. 2018. Monitoring and Sampling Manual: Environmental Protection (Water) Policy. Brisbane: Department of Environment and Science Government. Acknowledgements The revision and update of this manual was led by Dr Suzanne Vardy, with the valued assistance of Dr Phillipa Uwins, Leigh Anderson and Brenda Baddiley. Thanks are given to many experts who reviewed and contributed to the documents relating to their field of expertise. This includes government staff from within the Department of Environment and Science, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy and many from outside government.
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Lepidopterologica
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 17 Autor(en)/Author(s): Riedl Tadeusz Artikel/Article: Une nouvelle espèce européenne du genre Pancalia Stephens (Lepidoptera : Cosmopterigidae, Antequerinae) 87-91 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 17 (1/2) : 87-91 ; 30.XI.1994 ISSN 0342-7536 Une nouvelle espèce européenne du genre Pancalia Stephens (Lepidoptera : Cosmopterigidae, Antequerinae) Tadeusz Riedl Witosa 5/5, 80-809 Gdansk, Pologne Summary A new European species of the genus Pancalia Stephens (Lepidoptera, Cosmo- pterigidae, Antequerinae) — Pancalia baldizzonella sp. n. is described from southern Italy. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated. The new species is most closely related to P. latreillella Curtis and P. nodosella (Bruand), from which it can be distinguished by the wing markings and genitalic cha- racters. Résumé Description de Pancalia baldizzonella sp. n. d'Italie méridionale. Les adultes et les armures génitales des deux sexes de ce taxon sont figurées. Zusammenfassung Pancalia baldizzonella sp. n. wird aus Süditalien beschrieben. Die Imagines und die Genitalien beider Geschlechter werden abgebildet. Die neue Art steht P latreillella Curtis und P nodosella (Bruand) am nächsten, von denen sie sich durch die Flügelzeichnung und Genitalmerkmale unterscheidet. Introduction Depuis la parution d'un article de Gaedike (1967) consacré aux espèces de Pancalia Stephens, 1829, ce genre et ses espèces ont été étudiés à plusieurs réprises (Leraut, 1984 ; Riedl, 1984 ; Sinev, 1985). Ces études ont permis d'expliquer la position systématique du genre en question et de confirmer, après deux révisions, l'existence de 9 espèces nomi- nales habitant uniquement la zone paléarctique, à savoir P.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
    Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Verneverdige Nsekthabitater Oslofjordområdet
    Verneverdigeinsekthabitater Oslofjordområdet OddvarHanssen LarsOve Hansen NINA NJKU NINANorsk institutt for naturforskning Verneverdigeinsekthabitater Oslofjordområdet OddvarHanssen LarsOve Hansen NINANorsk institutt for naturforskning nina oppdragsmelding 546 NINA•NIKUs publikasjoner Hanssen, 0. & Hansen, L.O. 1998. Verneverdige insekt- habitater. Oslofjordområdet. - NINA Oppdragsmelding 546: NINA•NIKU utgir følgende faste publikasjoner: 1-132. NINA Fagrapport Trondheim, august 1998 NIKU Fagrapport Her publiseres resultater av NINAs og NIKUs eget fors- ISSN 0802-4103 kningsarbeid, problemoversikter, kartlegging av kunn- ISBN 82-426-0947-0 skapsnivået innen et emne, og litteraturstudier. Rapporter utgis også som et alternativ eller et supplement til inter- Forvaltningsområde: nasjonal publisering, der tidsaspekt, materialets art, mål- Bevaring av naturens mangfold gruppe m.m. gjør dette nødvendig. Conservation of biodiversity Opplag: Normalt 300-500 Rettighetshaver C): NINA Oppdragsmelding Stiftelsen for naturforskning og kulturminneforskning NIKU Oppdragsmelding NINA•NIKU Dette er det minimum av rapportering som NINA og NIKU gir til oppdragsgiver etter fullført forsknings- eller utred- Publikasjonen kan siteres fritt med kildeangivelse ningsprosjekt. I tillegg til de emner som dekkes av fag- rapportene, vil oppdragsmeldingene også omfatte befar- ingsrapporter, seminar- og konferanseforedrag, års- rapporter fra overvåkningsprogrammer, o.a. Opplaget er begrenset. (Normalt 50-100) NINAaNIKU Project Report Serien presenterer resultater fra
    [Show full text]
  • BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (Takım Düzeyinde)
    BÖCEKLERİN SINIFLANDIRILMASI (TAKIM DÜZEYİNDE) GÖKHAN AYDIN 2016 Editör : Gökhan AYDIN Dizgi : Ziya ÖNCÜ ISBN : 978-605-87432-3-6 Böceklerin Sınıflandırılması isimli eğitim amaçlı hazırlanan bilgisayar programı için lütfen aşağıda verilen linki tıklayarak programı ücretsiz olarak bilgisayarınıza yükleyin. http://atabeymyo.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/76/files/siniflama-05102016.exe Eğitim Amaçlı Bilgisayar Programı ISBN: 978-605-87432-2-9 İçindekiler İçindekiler i Önsöz vi 1. Protura - Coneheads 1 1.1 Özellikleri 1 1.2 Ekonomik Önemi 2 1.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 2 2. Collembola - Springtails 3 2.1 Özellikleri 3 2.2 Ekonomik Önemi 4 2.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 4 3. Thysanura - Silverfish 6 3.1 Özellikleri 6 3.2 Ekonomik Önemi 7 3.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 7 4. Microcoryphia - Bristletails 8 4.1 Özellikleri 8 4.2 Ekonomik Önemi 9 5. Diplura 10 5.1 Özellikleri 10 5.2 Ekonomik Önemi 10 5.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 11 6. Plocoptera – Stoneflies 12 6.1 Özellikleri 12 6.2 Ekonomik Önemi 12 6.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 13 7. Embioptera - webspinners 14 7.1 Özellikleri 15 7.2 Ekonomik Önemi 15 7.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 15 8. Orthoptera–Grasshoppers, Crickets 16 8.1 Özellikleri 16 8.2 Ekonomik Önemi 16 8.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 17 i 9. Phasmida - Walkingsticks 20 9.1 Özellikleri 20 9.2 Ekonomik Önemi 21 9.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 21 10. Dermaptera - Earwigs 23 10.1 Özellikleri 23 10.2 Ekonomik Önemi 24 10.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 24 11. Zoraptera 25 11.1 Özellikleri 25 11.2 Ekonomik Önemi 25 11.3 Bunları Biliyor musunuz? 26 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyre Forest Oak Fogging Project Wyre Forest Study Group
    Wyre Forest Study Group Wyre Forest Oak Fogging Project ED. RosemarY Winnall Natural England Tree 2 Tree 3 Tree 1 Fogging tree 3 Katrina Dainton Introductory Notes by Mick Blythe The samples collected were excellent, due to both the success of the operation and the nature of the oak In the summer of 2015 Katy Dainton and Alice James tree which had a number of exciting dead and rotten of Natural England sampled the canopy of three oak branches low down in the canopy. trees in the Wyre Forest using the fogging technique. In this technique a powered fogger is used to blow a Tree 2 was a 100 year old oak tree in the PAWS fog of insecticide up through the canopy of the tree section of Longdon Wood, SO75141 77757, sampled and the dead or stunned arthropods are collected in on 24/06/2015. The understorey was ankle to knee funnels or on tarpaulins set out on the ground below. length bracken and bramble. The same method was employed except that the tarpaulins were set out at Tree 1, an 80-100 year old oak tree with no woody 5:00 a.m. on the morning of the fogging. The fogging understorey at SO76182 74811 was sampled on was carried out at 5:40 as Tree 1. 16/06/2015. The fogger used was a PulsFOG K-10-SP portable thermal fogger and the insecticide a 10% This experiment was less successful. The insecticidal solution of Permethrin. 15 tarpaulins were set out fog would not rise higher than the lower third of the beneath the chosen tree the day before.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: an Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C
    Cambridge University Press 0521632412 - Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: An Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C. Barnard Index More information Index This index includes all the higher taxonomic categories mentioned in the book, from orders down to families, but page numbers are given only for the main occurrences of those names. It therefore also acts as a complete alphabetic list of the higher taxa of British insects and arachnids (except for the numerous families of mites). Acalyptratae 173, 188 Anyphaenidae 327 Acanthosomatidae 55 Aphelinidae 198, 293, 308 Acari 320, 330 Aphelocheiridae 55 Acartophthalmidae 173, 191 Aphididae 56, 62 Acerentomidae 23 Aphidoidea 56, 61 Acrididae 39 Aphrophoridae 56 Acroceridae 172, 180, 181 Apidae 198, 217 Aculeata 197, 206 Apioninae 83, 134 Adelgidae 56, 62, 64 Apocrita 197, 198, 206, 227 Adelidae 146 Apoidea 198, 214 Adephaga 82, 91 Arachnida 320 Aderidae 83, 126, 127 Aradidae 55 Aeolothripidae 52 Araneae 320, 326 Aepophilidae 55 Araneidae 327 Aeshnidae 31 Araneomorphae 327 Agelenidae 327 Archaeognatha 21, 25, 26 Agromyzidae 173, 188, 193 Arctiidae 146, 162 Alexiidae 83 Argidae 197, 201 Aleyrodidae 56, 67, 68 Argyronetidae 327 Aleyrodoidea 56, 66 Arthropleona 22 Alucitidae 146 Aschiza 173, 184 Alucitoidea 146 Asilidae 172, 180, 181, 182 Alydidae 55, 58 Asiloidea 172, 181 Amaurobiidae 327 Asilomorpha 172, 180, 182 Amblycera 48 Asteiidae 173, 189 Anisolabiidae 41 Asterolecaniidae 56, 70 Anisopodidae 172, 175, 177 Atelestidae 172, 183, 185 Anisopodoidea 172 Athericidae 172, 181 Anisoptera 31 Attelabidae 83, 134 Anobiidae 82, 119 Atypidae 327 Anoplura 48 Auchenorrhyncha 54, 55, 59 Anthicidae 83, 90, 126 Aulacidae 198, 228 Anthocoridae 55, 57, 58 Aulacigastridae 173, 192 Anthomyiidae 173, 174, 186, 187 Anthomyzidae 173, 188 Baetidae 28 Anthribidae 83, 88, 133, 134 Beraeidae 142 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521632412 - Identifying British Insects and Arachnids: An Annotated Bibliography of Key Works Edited by Peter C.
    [Show full text]
  • Psocoptera Em Cavernas Do Brasil: Riqueza, Composição E Distribuição
    PSOCOPTERA EM CAVERNAS DO BRASIL: RIQUEZA, COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO THAÍS OLIVEIRA DO CARMO 2009 THAÍS OLIVEIRA DO CARMO PSOCOPTERA EM CAVERNAS DO BRASIL: RIQUEZA, COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, área de concentração em Ecologia e Conservação de Paisagens Fragmentadas e Agroecossistemas, para obtenção do título de “Mestre”. Orientador Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira LAVRAS MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2009 Ficha Catalográfica Preparada pela Divisão de Processos Técnicos da Biblioteca Central da UFLA Carmo, Thaís Oliveira do. Psocoptera em cavernas do Brasil: riqueza, composição e distribuição / Thaís Oliveira do Carmo. – Lavras : UFLA, 2009. 98 p. : il. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2009. Orientador: Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira. Bibliografia. 1. Insetos cavernícolas. 2. Ecologia. 3. Diversidade. 4. Fauna cavernícola. I. Universidade Federal de Lavras. II. Título. CDD – 574.5264 THAÍS OLIVEIRA DO CARMO PSOCOPTERA EM CAVERNAS DO BRASIL: RIQUEZA, COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, área de concentração em Ecologia e Conservação de Paisagens Fragmentadas e Agroecossistemas, para obtenção do título de “Mestre”. APROVADA em 04 de dezembro de 2009 Prof. Dr. Marconi Souza Silva UNILAVRAS Prof. Dr. Luís Cláudio Paterno Silveira UFLA Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira UFLA (Orientador) LAVRAS MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL ...Então não vá embora Agora que eu posso dizer Eu já era o que sou agora Mas agora gosto de ser (Poema Quebrado - Oswaldo Montenegro) AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, pois com Ele nada nessa vida é impossível! Agradeço aos meus pais, Joaquim e Madalena, pela oportunidade e apoio.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae)
    Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera; Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae) GEIR E. E. SBLI Snli, G. E. E. 1994. Fungus gnats from Jostedalen, West Norway (Diptera: Diadocidi- idae and Mycetophilidae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 41: 1-12. During a study of terrestrial invertebrates in Jostedalen in 1988, more than 3.000 specimens of fungus gnats were caught. 214 species were recognized, belonging to the families Diadocidiidae and Mycetophilidae. The number of species in Jostedalen is exceptionally high when compared to number of species recorded from other local areas in Europe. The genus Drepanocercus (Vockeroth, 1980) is recorded for the first time from the Palaearctic region. Other rare species are Mycomya simulans Vaisanen, 1984, Acnemia falcata Zaitzev, 1982, Zygom.via pseudohumeralis Caspers, 1980, Anatella aquila Zaitsev, 1989. A. fungina Plassmann, 1984, Exechia subfrigida Las- tovka & Matila, 1974. Exechiopsis dryaspagensis Chandler. 1977 and E. pseudopul- chella (Lundstrom, 1909). Twenty species could not be identified, half of which undoubtly represent undescribed species. The fauna of Norwegian fungus gnats is poorly documented, and most species recorded here are new to Norway. According to the present knowledge on the distribution of fungus gnats, the fauna in Jostedalen seems to have an affinity to the central/eastern Palaearctic fauna, and has more species in common with the Finnish fauna than with the British. Geir E. E. Snli, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Musiplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. INTRODUCTION The river Jostedola has its origin in the gla- dae, Sciardae and Mycetophilidae. Fungus cier Jostedalsbreen, the largest ice cap on the gnats are distributed all over the world, but European mainland, and runs through the their taxonomy, biology and biogeography valley Jostedalen.
    [Show full text]
  • MOTHS and BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed Distributional Information Has Been J.D
    MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed distributional information has been J.D. Lafontaine published for only a few groups of Lepidoptera in western Biological Resources Program, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Scott (1986) gives good distribution maps for Canada butterflies in North America but these are generalized shade Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 maps that give no detail within the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. A series of memoirs on the Inchworms (family and Geometridae) of Canada by McGuffin (1967, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1987) and Bolte (1990) cover about 3/4 of the Canadian J.T. Troubridge fauna and include dot maps for most species. A long term project on the “Forest Lepidoptera of Canada” resulted in a Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (Agassiz) four volume series on Lepidoptera that feed on trees in Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Canada and these also give dot maps for most species Box 1000, Agassiz, B.C. V0M 1A0 (McGugan, 1958; Prentice, 1962, 1963, 1965). Dot maps for three groups of Cutworm Moths (Family Noctuidae): the subfamily Plusiinae (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991), the subfamilies Cuculliinae and Psaphidinae (Poole, 1995), and ABSTRACT the tribe Noctuini (subfamily Noctuinae) (Lafontaine, 1998) have also been published. Most fascicles in The Moths of The Montane Cordillera Ecozone of British Columbia America North of Mexico series (e.g. Ferguson, 1971-72, and southwestern Alberta supports a diverse fauna with over 1978; Franclemont, 1973; Hodges, 1971, 1986; Lafontaine, 2,000 species of butterflies and moths (Order Lepidoptera) 1987; Munroe, 1972-74, 1976; Neunzig, 1986, 1990, 1997) recorded to date.
    [Show full text]