Emergency Risk Management Report

Lithgow City Council

Local Emergency Management Committee

EMERGENCY RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT

Facilitated and Developed by Echelon Australia March 2007

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Introduction Australia has adopted a comprehensive and integrated approach to the development of its arrangements and programs for the effective management of emergencies and disasters. This approach is: comprehensive, in encompassing all hazards and in recognising that dealing with the risks to community safety, which such hazards create, requires a range of prevention/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery (PPRR) programs and other risk management treatments; and integrated, in ensuring that the efforts of governments, all relevant organisations and agencies, and the community, as a prepared community, are coordinated in such programs. Ultimately, the goal of all such arrangements and programs is to contribute to the development and maintenance of a safer, sustainable community.

Within New South Wales the State Emergency Management Committee has adopted the methodology of Emergency Risk Management (ERM) to facilitate the integrated national approach. ERM is a process which involves dealing with risks to the community arising from emergency events. It is a systematic method for identifying, analysing, evaluating and treating emergency risks.

At a local level, Local government is a key stakeholder in the ERM process because it is usually the first level of support for communities in emergencies and it also plays an essential role is supporting the Local Emergency Management Committee.

Purpose The Lithgow City Local Emergency Management Committee is working to create a prepared community and therefore safer community in conjunction with Community, Emergency Services and other identified stakeholders to create a holistic Community Risk Based Emergency Management Plan which addresses natural, technological and biological risks that may affect this Community.

Objective The objective of the Emergency Risk Management Project is to create a prepared community by identifying, analysing, evaluating Natural, Technological and Biological risks that are appropriate to the Lithgow City and recommending treatment options based on the “Implementation Guide For Emergency Management Committees” developed by NSW State Emergency Management committee.

Authority The report was facilitated by Echelon Australia in liaison with the Local Emergency Management Committee Working Group. The draft report will be adopted by the full committee at the local level.

Reference & Supporting Documents A list of Reference Documents, Sub plans and supporting plans are included in Appendix 1 - Document List.

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Document Issue & Control

This manual has been prepared by Echelon Australia specifically for reference by members of the Lithgow City Council Local Emergency Management Committee Working Group.

3 copies of this manual have been issued to Council’s Local Emergency Management Officer for the local committee.

Manual Copy Located At Responsibility of

1 of 5 Lithgow City Council Local Emergency Management Officer

2 of 5 Lithgow City Council Deputy Local Emergency Management Officer

3 of 5 Lithgow Emergency Operations Centre Local Emergency Operations Controller

4 of 5 Bathurst Police Station District Emergency Management Officer

5 of 5 Echelon Reference Library Echelon Project Manager

Echelon Australia Pty Ltd

ABN No 96085720056

The Emergency Risk Management assessments contained within this document have been developed on the basis of Wellington LGA-specific information supplied by members of the Local Emergency Management Committee working group and have been prima facie accepted by the authors of this document and have not been independently verified for accuracy. Echelon Australia accepts no responsibility for any loss that arises out of the Wellington Local Emergency Management Committee having failed to bring all relevant facts to our attention or having provided inaccurate information.

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Report Revision

Whenever this report is reviewed and or amended, details must be recorded on this page

Date Revision Summary

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EMERGENCY RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT Page No Introduction 2 Purpose 2 Objective 2 Authority 2 Reference and Supporting Documents 2 Document Issue and Control 3 Copyright Statement 3 Report Revision 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 2.0 SUMMARY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 3.0 ERM CONTEXT STATEMENT 8 3.1 Identified Problems 8 3.2 Process Limitations 8 3.3 Management Framework 8 3.4 Risk Evaluation Criteria 8 4.0 COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY 9 4.1 Community Consultation 9 4.2 Process Documentation 9 5.0 RISKS 10 5.1 Lithgow City Community Hazard Matrix 10 5.2 Community and Environment Description 12 6.0 RISK ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 15 6.1 Natural Hazards 15 6.2 Technological Hazards 27 6.3 Biological Hazards 52 6.4 Other Hazards 54 6.5 Summary of Assessments 56 6.6 Risk Referral Summary 57 7.0 RISK TREATMENT OPTIONS 58 7.1 Summary of Mitigation Strategies Identified 58

APPENDICES Appendix 1 Management Framework 60 Appendix 2 Evidence of Process 61 Appendix 3 Hazards Requiring No Further Action 62 Appendix 4 Members of the Lithgow LEMC 64 Appendix 5 Supporting Plans 75 Appendix 6 Australian Tsunami and Earthquake Hazard Zones 65 Appendix 7 Consequence Ratings 66 Appendix 8 Likelihood Definitions 69 Appendix 9 Definitions 72

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Emergency Risk Management Report has been prepared in accordance with the NSW State Emergency Management Committee’s “Implementation Guide for Emergency Risk Management”. The report considers the risks associated with a range of Natural, Technological, Biological and Other hazards that, if any of the hazards occurred, would require a “significant and coordinated emergency response” within the meaning of Section 4 of the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 (as amended).

The report forms the basis for discussion of these hazards in terms of current arrangements, preparation and risk assessments. This process is not intended to replace current plans and arrangements for the management of emergencies, but rather to provide a coordinated view of the emergency response preparation in our community.

The Local Emergency Management Committee is not required to implement treatment plans.

The Lithgow City Emergency Risk Management Working Group developed their view of the hazards on the basis of exposure across the entire Lithgow City Local Government Area (LGA), identifying examples where each hazard type would have what was considered to be the greatest impact. The Committee accepts that a hazard may occur anywhere in the LGA or may create differing impacts on specific areas of the community.

The Community Hazard Matrix was developed to differentiate between hazards that the group believed are: • not relevant in the LGA, or not requiring a multi-agency response if the hazard occurred, and those • expected to occur and would require a multi-agency response.

Appendix 3 lists those hazards requiring no further action, including reasons why the view was taken.

Risk Statements were developed for the remaining hazards. The risk level of these situations was analysed and the assessment is contained in Section 6 of this report.

In summary, of the 38 hazards assessed, 5 were considered to present and extreme risk, 15 to present a high risk, 10 to present a medium risk and 8 to present a low risk to the community.

The hazards assessed as presenting extreme and high risks, and the risk statement relating to each are listed in the Table on the next pages.

The identified mitigation and control strategies were not tested. In many cases the responsible combat agency identified existing strategies, in other cases the issue was referred to the relevant combat agency for action.

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HAZARDS ASSESSED AS HAVING AN EXTREME RISK Hazard Hazard No Agency Risk Statement Fire - bush NH03 RFS There is a risk that a significant bush fire in the Lithgow region could cause significant damage to property, livestock and or loss of life and road closures with damage to rural infrastructure and electrical supply. Fire - grass NH04 RFS There is a risk that a significant grass fire in the Lithgow region could cause significant damage to property, livestock and or loss of life and road closures with damage to rural infrastructure and electrical supply. Dam failure TH05 Council / Delta There is a risk that local dams (Oberon Dam – Oberon LGA, Lake Lyell, Farmers Creek, Thompson’s Creek, Lake Wallace, Piper’s Flat, ash dam / State Water at Sawyers Swamp) could fail causing immediate flooding and erosion downstream and loss of bridges and property, resulting in possible fatalities. Failure of Oberon Dam or Farmers Creek Dam would impact on supply of water. Hazardous materials TH06 NSWFB There is a risk that a hazardous substance incident resulting from transport accidents or industrial activities could occur, requiring evacuation of persons from immediate and surrounding areas, possible fatalities and medical treatment and cleanup. Terrorist action OH03 Police There is a risk that terrorist activity could result in fatalities and damage or loss to critical infrastructure. HAZARDS ASSESSED AS HAVING A HIGH RISK Snow storm NH01 SES / Council There is a risk that a major snow storm will disrupt transport links for periods of one (1) to two (2) days, requiring accommodation for multiple persons and a multi agency response to manage the impact. Earthquake NH02 Police There is a risk that if an earthquake occurred in Lithgow it will create damage to multiple private properties and public infrastructure, resulting in injuries and possible fatalities, with subsequent loss of services for an extended period. The area is rated as having a low earthquake hazard level (refer Appendix 5) Flood NH05 SES There is a risk of flash flooding in Farmers Creek and tributaries which could result in road closure for half a day, possible loss of life, property damage (in 5 year flood possible houses involved 90 with up to a metre of water through house), possible evacuation with very short warning periods. Other creeks within LGA may also cause road closures. Extreme cold NH06 SES / Council There is a risk that extreme cold will lead to possible loss of life and property damage, dependant upon severity of weather Severe storm - wind NH08 SES There is a risk that a severe windstorm will cause damage to buildings, infrastructure and transport links with the possibility of human fatality and injuries. Industrial accident TH07 Police There is a risk an accident could occur at one of the industries within the LGA, resulting in property damage, and some injuries and fatalities. Infrastructure failure TH12 Agility There is a risk that a gas main rupture in a populated area could require localised evacuation until the area is made safe and provision of - gas temporary supplies required until repairs are complete. Mine accident TH13 Mines Rescue There is a risk that an accident on a mine site may result in injuries and fatalities, and possible impact on production and community. Board / Mine companies Pollution - chemical TH15 NSWFB There is a risk of chemical pollution from industry or transport accident causing environmental damage and requiring short-term evacuation. Land subsidence TH18 Council There is a risk that a mine tunnel could collapse causing some surface subsidence and minor building damage or cliff collapse. Transport accident - TH20 Police There is a risk of a rail transport accident causing fatalities and significant community disruption. rail Transport accident - TH21a Police There is a risk of road transport accident resulting in fatalities, injuries and property damage. road TH21b There is a risk of road transport accident involving a bus resulting in multiple fatalities, injuries and property damage Fire - residential TH23 NSWFB There is a risk of a residential fire resulting in fatalities and property loss. Siege OH02 Police There is a risk that a siege could develop and result in fatalities and property damage or loss and possible evacuation of the surrounding area.

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2.0 SUMMARY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN

STAGE 1 Research, Establishment of Working Group, Development of project context & limitations

STAGE 2 Hazard Identification / Risk Assessment

STAGE 3 Determine & Evaluate Treatment / Mitigation options

STAGE 4 Draft Plan Developed / Stakeholder Consultation

STAGE 5 Consultation outcome review / Plan amended

STAGE 6 Consultation / Publication Final Document

Stage Milestones &Activity Measures Responsible Agency / Target Organisation Completion Date / Comments 1 Working group established by LEMC LEMC March 06 Training of Working group undertaken SEMC via DEMO May 06 Process context and limitations developed Working Gp & Echelon May 06 Community profile developed Working Gp & Echelon Sources of risk identified Working Gp & Echelon Elements at risk identified Working Gp & Echelon Historical information analysed Working Gp & Echelon Mar 07 2 Development of LGA specific risk statements Working Gp & Echelon June - Sept Risk statements analysed(likelihood & consequence) Working Gp & Echelon 06 Assessments reviewed against risk criteria Working Gp & Echelon 3 Stakeholder consultation to confirm existing Working Gp & Echelon Sept - Dec 06 treatment and mitigation strategies Determine gap treatment and mitigation strategies Working Gp & Echelon Mar 07 4 Working Draft document prepared Echelon Nov 06 Working Draft advertised inviting public comment Echelon & Local Govt Mar 07 Community Consultation Working Gp & LEMC Mar – April 07 Draft Report Finalised - inclusive (where applicable) Working Gp April 07 of amendments 5 Stakeholder consultation on amended Draft Report Working Gp April 07 Draft Report Finalised Working Gp April 07 6 Emergency Risk Management Report published and Echelon, Local Govt, May 07 (LEMC) adoption of Plan by LEMC & Council LEMC, DEMC & SEMC May 07 (DEMC)

Throughout the development of the Report, progress reports were submitted to the LEMC to ensure awareness of progress of the process.

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3.0 ERM CONTEXT STATEMENT

The aim of the Lithgow Emergency Risk Management project is to develop and implement a ‘Community Emergency Risk Management Plan’ for the Local Government Area of Lithgow City, in consultation with the wider community. The process examines natural, biological, technological and other risks that in the event of an emergency, would require a “significant and coordinated emergency response” within the meaning of Section 4 of the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 (as amended). Lithgow City Local Emergency Management Committee (LEMC) is managing the emergency risk management plan development process. The NSW State Emergency Management Committee ‘Implementation Guide for Emergency Risk Management (NSW)’ has been used to undertake this process. A community consultation strategy has been developed by the LEMC to ensure that the community is consulted during the process and adequate and equitable access is provided to all areas of the community.

3.1 Identified problems The working party of the Local Emergency Management Committee have been charged with the task of reviewing and or identifying natural, technological, biological and other hazards that impact on the Lithgow City Local Government Area only.

3.2 Process limitations 3.2.1 Legislation 1. The role of LEMC is as defined in the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989. 2. Each agency as a member of the LEMC whilst operating under the SERM Act also have agency specific policy and legislative requirements that may impact on their ability to share and table operational information.

The following legislation also applies to each of the positions within the LEMC Chairperson Section 28 2a “a senior representative of the council of the relevant local government area nominated by that council, who is to be the Chairperson of the Committee” Section 29 “The Chairperson of a Committee is to be a person who has the authority of the council to co-ordinate the use of the council's resources in the prevention of, preparation for, response to and recovery from emergencies” Emergency Services Representative Section 28 2b “a senior representative of each emergency services organisation operating in the relevant local government area” Section 28 5 “The representative of an organisation is to be nominated by the organisation” Functional Area Representative Section 28 2c “representatives of such organisations providing services in functional areas in the relevant local government area as the council of that area may from time to time determine Legislated Council Responsibilities Section 32 Councils to provide executive support for Local Emergency Management Committee and Operations Controller.

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(1) A council is to provide executive support facilities for the Local Emergency Management Committee and the Local Emergency Operations Controller in its area. (2) The principal executive officer is to be known as the Local Emergency Management Officer

3.2.2 Policy Issues Member agencies of the LEMC operate within individual policies that are specific to their organisations some of which are restricted will not be recorded within the Emergency Risk Management Study. These issues are however discussed at a local and district level within the management committee structure to ensure a whole of LGA response is adopted. 3.2.3 Scope 1. The LEMC is only required to consider hazards that impact on people, property, animals and or the environment that would have the potential to require a significant and coordinated multi-agency response. 2. The Wellington LEMC and its working group is to document the process as outlined within the NSW State Emergency Management Committees’ “Implementation guide for emergency management committees” 3. The LEMC is not required to implement treatment plans. 4. Where a lead combat agency or functional area has been identified as having a legislative requirement to plan for and or mitigate for identified hazards, the LEMC is restricted to asking the particular agency to produce current planning and mitigation documents or status reports The SEMC makes final comment on any plan developed by a LEMC via its Assessment Checklist released in December 2006.

3.2.4 Concurrent Studies Whilst Council does not have any studies being undertaken concurrently with the Emergency Risk Management process, Council is planning on undertaking a number of studies in relation to emergency risk management treatments after the adoption of these plans by the SEMC.

3.3 Management framework 1. The management framework for the Lithgow City LEMC is identified in appendix one (1) of this document. 2. A summary of the project management plan appears in Section 2 of this document. 3. Management framework overview: • Working Party formed as sub committee of LEMC and charged with undertaking the Emergency Risk Management Study. • At each stage as identified in the project plan the full LEMC is briefed by the working group and consensus is achieved before moving to the next stage. • At the completion of the Study the document will be presented to the LEMC for adoption and then endorsement by Council. The completed document will then be forwarded to the SEMC via the DEMC.

4. LEMC Working Group

First Title Last Name Agency/Organisation Name Miss Leanne Kearney Lithgow City Council, Deputy LEMO Mr Peter Witt SES Mr Tom Shirt RFS Inspector Chris Davey NSW Police Mr Steve Douglas NSWFB Ms Margaret Hart VRA Mr Nigel Sutton Echelon Australia

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3.4 Risk evaluation criteria The risk evaluation criteria adopted by the Lithgow City Local Emergency Management Committee are:

1. Any reasonably preventable accident/incident resulting in loss of life is unacceptable. 2. Any reasonably preventable accident/incident resulting in serious injury is unacceptable. 3. Any reasonably preventable matter that will affect the health and wellbeing of a community is unacceptable. 4. Any reasonably preventable activity or incident that will have a medium- to long-term or permanent effect on the environment is unacceptable. 5. Any reasonably preventable activity or incident that will have a long-term or permanent effect on the cultural assets and values of a community is unacceptable. 6. Any reasonably preventable activity or incident that will seriously disrupt normal business activity is unacceptable. 7. Any reasonably preventable activity or incident that will seriously disrupt community lifelines or services is unacceptable. 8. Any reasonably preventable activity or action that could lead to the introduction of exotic diseases or pests is unacceptable. (Source Implementing ERM, EMA 2004)

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4.0 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY

Local Government by its very nature is constantly engaging and consulting with its community on a range of issues. It understands that community engagement is the process of working collaboratively with groups of people affiliated by geographical proximity, special interest or similar situations to address issues affecting their well-being. As such there are a number of strategies and networks in existence within the local government context that can be utilised for the Emergency Risk Management Process. Community engagement incorporates consultation (information sharing) and active participation between the stakeholders. It strengthens the capacity of communities to take action that produces positive and sustainable changes locally. It has be the intent of the Local Emergency Management Committee to tap into the existing networks to engage and consult with the community on the Emergency Risk Management Study with the following aims: i. To enable the community to be better informed about hazards within their community ii. To reduce the level of misconception or misinformation about the ERM process iii. To ensuring commitment and greater ownership of the final decisions reflected within the Emergency Risk Management Study iv. To encourage the community to put forward ideas and assist in the recording of hazard history for the local government area v. Enabling the Local Emergency Management Committee to gain a better understanding of local expectations in relation to PPRR issues vi. To help to identify issues which may not otherwise have been considered by the LEMC

4.1 Community Consultation

The Lithgow City LEMC determined the following communication strategy for this project:

4.1.1 The Lithgow City LEMC consists of representatives of combat agencies operating within the Lithgow City Local Government area. 4.1.2 The Committee considered that due to the high level of local familiarity with issues and stakeholder groups possessed by Committee members, the Committee was capable of developing a draft Emergency Risk Management Report that represents the community’s views. 4.1.3 The Committee proposed that when the draft document is compiled a report will be submitted to Council regarding the draft and the process followed to develop the draft; 4.1.4 Community consultation will be initiated by public advertisement and press release calling for comment on the draft document. 4.1.5 Community feedback will be available via the Echelon Australia website (http://www.echelonaustralia.com.au/centroc/index.aspx), or written submission to Council, with the public display of the documentation to follow Council procedures. 4.1.6 Responses to this community comment will be considered and any appropriate amendments will be made to the document, prior to formal adoption by the Committee and Council.

4.2 Process Documentation (Evidence of Process) Minuted meetings were held on each of the dates listed in Appendix 2 of this document. Reference should be made to these minutes to determine attendance and decision making processes. The Local Emergency Management Officer holds all minutes. Appendix 2 also lists the activities addressed by the Working Group throughout the process.

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5.0 RISKS

5.1 Lithgow City LGA Community Hazard Matrix The Implementation Guide for Emergency Management Committees includes a Hazard Checklist, with the direction that “all hazards on the Hazards Checklist must be described”. Where additional hazards beyond those included in the Checklist are present in an area, these should be added to and considered along with the Checklist contents. In assessing the hazards identified on the Checklist, it becomes clear that a number do not apply in the Lithgow City LGA. The following tables represent the initial hazard identification identified by the Lithgow City LEMC Working Group. Those hazards assessed as falling outside the criteria set for this report have been identified and shaded (see below). There is no further action to be taken on these hazards within this context of this report, other than their inclusion in the schedule in Appendix 3 Hazards Requiring No Further Action attached to this report. This schedule also states the reasons why these hazards were not considered relevant or present in the Lithgow City LGA. All other hazards have had risk statements developed to further define the hazard as it can be expected to present in the LGA. Risk assessments are conducted based on these Risk Assessments and the assessments are contained within this report. The Lithgow City LEMC determined that emergency exposure and response capability are generally consistent across the Lithgow City LGA, and hence the LGA could be assessed as a homogenous unit.

Natural Hazards Lithgow LGA Multi Agency Response Yes / No Yes / No / Maybe Avalanche No Snow storm Yes Yes Cyclone No Tornado No Earthquake Yes Yes Coastal erosion No Fire bush Yes Yes Fire grass Yes Yes Flood Yes Yes Fog Yes No Extreme cold Yes Yes Landslip Yes No Rockfall Yes Yes Mudflow Yes No Infestation - animal No Infestation - insect Yes No Infestation - plant Yes No Severe storm - electrical Yes No Severe storm - wind Yes Yes Severe storm - rain Yes Yes Severe storm - hail Yes Yes Storm surge No Tsunami No

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5.1 Lithgow City LGA Community Hazard Matrix (cont)

Technological Hazards Lithgow LGA Multi Agency Response

Yes / No Y es / No / Maybe Aeronautical Yes Yes Space debris re-entry Yes Yes Bridge collapse Yes Yes Building collapse Yes Yes Dam failure Yes Yes Hazardous materials Yes Yes Industrial accident Yes Yes Infrastructure failure -Power Yes Yes Infrastructure failure -water Yes Yes Infrastructure failure - sewerage Yes Yes Infrastructure failure - sewage contamination Yes Yes Infrastructure failure - communications Yes No Infrastructure failure - gas Yes Yes Mine accident Yes Yes Radiological hazard Yes Yes Pollution - chemical Yes Yes Pollution - oil/fuel Yes Yes Pollution - hazardous waste Yes Yes Land subsidence Yes Yes Transport accident - air Yes Yes Transport accident - rail Yes Yes Transport accident - road Yes Yes Transport accident - sea No Explosion Yes Yes Fire residential Yes Yes Fire industrial Yes Yes

Biological Hazards Lithgow LGA Multi Agency Response

Yes / No Yes / No / Maybe Communicable disease - affecting humans Yes Yes Communicable disease - affecting animals Yes Yes Communicable disease - affecting plants Yes No

Other / Regional Specific Lithgow LGA Multi Agency Response

Yes / No Yes / No / Maybe Socio - Political Public Order Yes Yes Blockade Yes No Siege Yes Yes Terrorist action Yes Yes

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5.2 Natural Hazards – A National Perspective

The European colonization of Australia – and its written history – began at Sydney Cove in 1788. With only 20 million people spread across 7.7 million km2, even today parts of the continent are not exactly overcrowded. As an example, Australia Post divides the county into 2,433 postcodes, each with an average population of about 8,200. The largest postcode (872 in Western Australia) had a population at the 2001 Census of 20,400; the postcode covers an area of 621,400 km2 an area significantly larger than France. While it could be argued that nothing much happens, from a natural hazards point of view, in postcode 872, that was exactly the rest of the nation’s view of Canberra, the national capital – except that this view changed in January 2003 (Russell Blong, Issues in Risk Science, 2004).

Nearly twenty years ago, researchers at Macquarie University in Australia, in what was later to become the insurance industry-sponsored research centre known as Risk Frontiers, began compiling databases on natural hazards and their impacts in Australia. An integrated data base is the result that contains more than 5000 hazard occurrences and information about human deaths and damage to the built environment resulting from nine natural perils – Tropical cyclones, bushfires, floods, wind gusts, tornadoes, hailstorm’s, earthquakes, landslides and tsunami.

5.2.1 Summary of Deaths Due to Natural Hazards 1788 – 2003

PERIL FIRST RECORDED DEATH NUMBER OF DEATHS %TOTAL DEATHS Earthquake 1902 16 0.3 Landslide 1842 95 1.6 Bushfire 1850 696 11.4 Thunderstorm 1824 774 12.7 Tornado 1861 52 0.9 Cyclone 1839 2163 35.5 Flood 1790 2292 37.6 Tsunami 0 0.0 Total 6088 100 Issues in Risk Science 2004

Tropical cyclones and floods together account for more that 70% of known natural hazard deaths since the European colonisation of Australia in 1788. Thunderstorms, particularly lighting, and bushfires each account for 11 to 13% of deaths, indicating that the other hazards considered have produced very few human deaths, al least in the last 200 years.

At the other end of the spectrum, deaths in earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis combined account for less than 2% of all deaths. This paltry total reinforces the view that Australia is a land of meteorological perils; a low lying, ancient continent with all its sea coast remote from the active boundaries of tectonic plates is unlikely to be dominated by geological hazards.

If we delve into the totals a little further we discover, for example that while flood deaths average 10- 11 per year, one quarter of all flood deaths have occurred in New South Wales. Bushfire deaths have averaged about 4 per year with 50% of all deaths in just eight fires or, more accurately, on just eight days of extreme fires. Lightning deaths (that is most of the thunderstorm deaths) average about 3.5 fatalities per year, with nearly half in NSW.

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5.3 NATURAL HAZARDS a Local Perspective Significant Weather Summaries Jan 2001 – 2006 Central West NSW Data taken from Bureau of Meteorology Monthly Significant Weather summaries, excluding data on flooding, snow, bushfires

2001 Jan On the 7th, Bathurst had 4 cm hail with drifts up to 30 cm deep, very heavy rain and local flooding on the highway was reported. On the 25th, Mt Boyce and Lithgow had 2 cm hail, very heavy rain and tree damage was reported at Lithgow. At Mt Boyce 31.6 mm of rain in 30 minutes was reported. On the 30th, Sofala had 44.5 mm of rain in 30 minutes. Feb Nullo Mountain had 55.8 mm in 120 minutes. Aug A vigorous cold front moved across New South Wales during the 16th and 17th bringing damaging winds to much of southern and central New South Wales, affecting the Sydney area early on the 17th. The maximum gust recorded in the Sydney region was 107 km/h at North Head. Other wind gusts included 100 km/h at Badgerys Creek, 98 km/h at Mt Boyce, 96 km/h at Little Bay and 94 km/h at Camden and Bellambi. Strong winds again caused damage across much of the southeast and central east of the state on the 18th. At Mudgee a 135km/h gust was recorded. 2002 Mar On the 26th at Katoomba strong winds of 89 km/h uprooted trees. Apr On the 10th at Leura 2cm hail was reported. On the same day at Mt MacDonald hail 2.5cm in diameter and 40 mm of rain was reported 20 kilometres east of Cowra. July Severe wind gusts were recorded at Mt Boyce (98 km/h). Aug On the 3rd at Oberon and Blaxland hail about 1.5cm in size was reported. Nov On the 23rd at Rylstone very heavy rain caused road damage on properties. 2cm hail and strong winds at Triangle Flat, heavy rain and small hail at Gulgong. 2003 Jan On the 6th at Blackheath 2cm diameter hail with heavy rain was reported. On the 8th at Bathurst violent rain and strong winds caused damage to structures. On the 10th at Wombeyan Caves 2 cm hail was recorded. On the 17th at Bathurst strong winds caused damage to structures. On the 18th at Bathurst heavy rain caused a mudslide in the Lithgow area and flash flooding in the Bathurst area. On the 21st at Mudgee continuous heavy rain caused flash flooding. This was Mudgee's wettest day on record for any month. Aug On the 5th at Bathurst hail 2cm in diameter was reported. At Lithgow hail and very strong winds were reported. On the 22nd two boys at Bathurst were hurt by a falling tree, one receiving a fractured skull. Oct On the 25th one man was killed by a falling tree in the Blue Mountains during thunderstorms. Violent hailstorms (with billiard ball size hail) in the northern and western suburbs of Sydney, Central Tablelands, Australian Capital Territory and Southern Highlands caused roof, car and solar hot water system damage and injured horses. Nov On the 10th in Blackheath thunderstorms with 2cm hail was reported. Hail to 1cm was observed at Lithgow On the 23rd in Leura pea-size hail fell covering the ground.

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2004 Feb On the 15th thunderstorms from Condobolin to Young brought down trees and powerlines in Forbes, Cowra, Blayney and Bathurst. September At Katoomba 3cm hail damaged vehicles. Oct At Mudgee hail 2cm in size and wind gusts to 100km/h were recorded. Dec On the 24th, at Coonabarabran heavy rain, 30mm in 20 minutes was reported. At Blackheath hail 2.5cm in diameter was observed. 2005 Jan At Blayney hail 3cm in size was reported with trees and power lines brought down. Some houses lost roofs. At Bathurst hail 2.5cm in diameter covered the ground. At Warrumbungle hail 2.5cm was observed. At Rylstone heavy rain and hail up to 3cm in size was reported with flash flooding. Nov At Orange hail 2cm in size was reported and severe crop damage is estimated at $8 million. On the 25th at Cargo hail 4cm size was recorded. In the Orange area hail 2cm (30 kilometres southwest of Orange) was reported. At Blayney hail 3cm size was reported. At Bathurst thunderstorm with heavy hail caused minor damage to trees and cars. At Lithgow a thunderstorm caused flash flooding on the Great Western Highway. 2006 Jan At Bathurst heavy rain, strong winds and 2cm hail was reported. Hail covered the ground. On the 24th at Mudgee a thunderstorm with 4cm hail was reported. Feb On the 10th in Mudgee a thunderstorm with strong winds brought down trees, power lines and damaged houses. On the 15th at Dubbo heavy rain (11mm in 10 minutes) with marble sized hail was reported. In Orange, hail to 5cm was reported. On the 20th at Ulan a thunderstorm with heavy rain and 5cm hail occurred. Branches were downed and foliage stripped from trees 25 kilometres northeast of Gulgong.

5.4 Hazard Descriptions

5.4.1 Natural Hazard Descriptions

HAZARD SNOW STORM History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD EARTHQUAKE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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HAZARD FIRE - BUSH History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD FIRE - GRASS History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD FLOOD History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD EXTREME COLD History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD ROCKFALL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD SEVERE STORM - WIND History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD SEVERE STORM - RAIN History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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HAZARD SEVERE STORM - HAIL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

5.4.2 Technological Hazard Descriptions

HAZARD AERONAUTICAL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD SPACE DEBRIS RE-ENTRY History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD BRIDGE COLLAPSE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD BUILDING COLLAPSE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD DAM FAILURE History Nil Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD HAZARDOUS MATERIALS History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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HAZARD INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE – POWER History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE – WATER History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE – SEWERAGE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE – SEWAGE CONTAMINATION History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE – GAS History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD MINE ACCIDENT History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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HAZARD RADIOLOGICAL HAZARD History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD POLLUTION - CHEMICAL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD POLLUTION – HAZARDOUS WASTE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD LAND SUBSIDENCE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD TRANSPORT ACCIDENT - RAIL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD TRANSPORT ACCIDENT – ROAD History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD EXPLOSION History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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HAZARD FIRE RESIDENTIAL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD FIRE – INDUSTRIAL History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

5.4.3 Biolological Hazard Descriptions

HAZARD COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AFFECTING HUMANS History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AFFECTING ANIMALS History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

5.4.4 Other Hazard Descriptions

HAZARD PUBLIC ORDER History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD SIEGE History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

HAZARD TERRORIST ACTION History Intensity Extent Speed of onset Secondary Hazards

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5.5 Community & Environmental Description

5.5.1 Lithgow City Council Local Government Area

Lithgow City has an area of 4,551 square km, located in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, approximately 247 kilometres (two and half hours) by road from the centre of Sydney. Surrounding Councils include Bathurst Regional Council, The Oberon Council, Blue Mountains City Council and Mid Western Regional Council.

5.5.2 Demographic factors

The population of Lithgow City Local Government Area is 20,296. Lithgow, with a population of approximately 11,000, is the major town in the Local Government Area. Other villages / districts include Portland, Wallerawang, Marrangaroo, Hartley, Hampton, Sodwalls, Tarana, Rydal, Meadow Flat, Angus Place, Cullen Bullen, Ben Bullen, Capertee, Newnes, Glen Davis, Glen Alice, Bogee, Lidsdale, Clarence, Kanimbla Valley, Dark Corner, Sunny Corner, and Wolgan Valley.

The largest areas of employment in the area are in mining, wholesale and retail, and manufacturing, as well as the provision of community services.

5.5.3 Geographic factors Lithgow is characterised by its rugged landscape of steeply vegetated hills, valleys, watercourses, sandstone escarpments and intermittent settlement. Approximately 50% of the Local Government Area is zoned and used as reserves, national parks and forestry.

Lithgow is in the Central Tablelands weather forecasting district. The area has cool to cold winters and mild to warm summers. The average yearly rainfall is 860 millimetres, with occasional light snowfalls in winter as well as frequent frosts. Quite cold conditions can be experienced at any time throughout the year. Prevailing winds tend to be either easterly or south-easterly in summer and westerly or south- westerly in winter (source Bureau of Meteorology – Bathurst Wind Rose). The average temperatures are - summer 25.50C (max) and 11.80C (min) and winter 10.40C (max) and 0.70C (min).

5.5.4 Land use Within the Lithgow Local Government Area, there are ten (10) identified zones, being Rural (General) – 46.66% of Local Government Area Rural (Small Holdings) – 0.74% of Local Government Area Rural (Future Urban) – 0.10% of Local Government Area Rural (Forestry) – 14.89% of Local Government Area Residential – 0.19% of Local Government Area Village – 0.18% of Local Government Area Business – 0.01% of Local Government Area Industrial – 0.02% of Local Government Area Open Space – 0.24% of Local Government Area National Parks and Nature Reserves – 35.53% of Local Government Area (Roads and Unmapped Areas – 1.42% of Local Government Area)

Significant amounts of lands zoned as Rural (General) are not necessarily used for agricultural purposes, with other uses such as mining exploration, private forestry, and private conservation agreements taking place in this zoning.

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There are a number of constraints and opportunities to develop in and around the Lithgow township, including mine subsidence areas, state and regionally significant mineral resources, and steeply vegetated hills and environmentally sensitive land. Due to the lack of suitably sized land, many trade and business services are located within the industrial zone, further reducing the area of land available for purely manufacturing and industrial purposes in the Lithgow area. Current vacant land zoned industrial presents an opportunity for bulky goods uses to link to the town centre and residential areas. The Rural Residential Development Control Plan allows a two (2) hectare subdivision subject to development requirements to manage impacts. Statistics suggest that there is additional Rural Subdivision potential available. There are also three (3) area within the Local Government Area which are zoned for future urban use, including 304.9 hectares at West Bowenfels, 150.9 hectares at Wallerawang and 115.43 hectares at Portland. 5.5.5 Transport 5.5.5.1 Road Two major transport systems traverse the Lithgow Local Government Area, being the Great Western Highway (State Highway 5) and the Main Western Rail Line. Both systems provide major transport links from central western New South Wales through to the eastern sea board of the State. In addition to the Great Western Highway, a series of Main Roads and other secondary road networks provide links to and through the other towns and villages in the LGA. The Bells Line of Road also provides and alternative route across the Blue Mountains and into the north western sector of Sydney. Lithgow is also the starting point for State Highway 18 (Castlereagh Highway), which links Lithgow to north western areas of the State via Mudgee. 5.5.5.2 Rail Train movements through Lithgow include an eastbound and westbound XPT passenger service each day, as well as upto ten (10) eastbound and ten (10) westbound freight train movements daily. East of Lithgow, metropolitan services run on average eight (8) times per day. A connecting bus service runs three (3) times daily between Lithgow and Bathurst, and eight (8) times daily between Lithgow and Portland.

5.5.6 Public Facilities 5.5.6.1 Medical There are three (3) hospitals in the Lithgow Local Government Area, being Lithgow District, Lithgow Community Private and Portland Public. In additional to these hospitals, there are three (3) community health centres at Lithgow, Portland and Wallerawang. Lithgow also boasts the services of a mental health team, three (3) dental health practices, a cancer support group, advanced hearing clinic, six (6) services for youths, seventeen (17) community support services, and six (6) places of accommodation for the elderly plus a respite care programme. The Lithgow Rehabilitation Centre provides diabetes, dietician, podiatry services and occupational and speech therapy. 5.5.6.2 Educational

The area has numerous educational facilities including, Capertee Public School, Cooerwull Public School, Cullen Bullen Public School, Hampton Public School, Lithgow Public School, Meadow Flat Public School, Wallerawang Public School, Zig Zag Public School, Portland Central School, Lithgow High School, St Patrick’s Primary School, and La Salle Academy, as well as a TAFE college.

5.5.6.3 Utilities

Integral Energy and Country Energy are the electricity suppliers to the area. Water supply (storage and reticulation) is managed by Lithgow City Council, with water supply provided from Farmers Creek Dam. Council also purchases a bulk supply of water from State Water Corporation, being supplied from Oberon Dam. Sewerage reticulation and treatment is managed by Lithgow City Council, incorporating three (3) treatment plants at Lithgow, Wallerawang and Portland.

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Lithgow City Council provides kerbside domestic garbage collection to Lithgow, Wallerawang, Portland, Cullen Bullen, Capertee, Lidsdale, Blackmans Flat, Rydal, Clarence, Dargan, South Bowenfels and Hartley. A recycling service is also available for weekly collection, and is transported to the Lithgow Solids Waste Facility. Telstra has major network cables and fibre optic cables throughout the Local Government Area, with services including fixed phone lines, mobile phone coverage and broadband internet being available to most regions within the Local Government Area. Agility provides a natural gas pipeline through the Local Government Area, with natural gas available to Lithgow, Wallerawang and Marrangaroo. Bottled gas is supplied to other areas by ElGas.

5.5.6.4 Emergency Services The following emergency services are present within Lithgow City: • NSW Police – Lithgow, Wallerawang, Portland and Capertee stations • NSWFB – Lithgow station, Lithgow West Station • ASNSW – Lithgow station • NSWRFS – Part of the Lithgow District (18 Brigades within Lithgow City) • NSW SES – Lithgow unit, Portland Unit • VRA

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6.0 RISK ANALYSIS & EVALUATION

6.1 Natural Hazards

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH01 Hazard SNOW STORM

Risk Statement There is a risk that a major snow storm will disrupt transport links for periods of one (1) to two (2) days, requiring accommodation for multiple persons and a multi agency response to manage the impact. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Consequences Catastrophic Insignificant Moderate Minor Major People Social Impact Evacuation Property Community Services Animals Environmental Financial Resources Operational Management Frequency Distribution Likelihood

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency SES Functional Areas & Support DOCS, RFS, Police, RTA, Council, Agencies NSWFB, VRA

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Central West Snow Plan, DISPLAN TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended Community Awareness Plan – Local information package

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date) Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after

REVIEW event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH02 Hazard EARTHQUAKE

Risk Statement There is a risk that if an earthquake occurred in Lithgow it will create damage to multiple private properties and public infrastructure, resulting in injuries and possible fatalities, with subsequent loss of services for an extended period. The area is rated as having a low earthquake hazard level (refer Appendix 5) IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x x x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, Mines Rescue, RFS, SES, Agencies VRA, Council, DOCS, ASNSW

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified LCC Dam Break Study, Delta Mitigation Strategies, DISPLAN, Mine Subsidence Maps TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended Mines Subsidence Board Earthquake Assessment

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH03 Hazard FIRE - BUSH

Risk Statement There is a risk that a significant bush fire in the Lithgow region could cause significant damage to property, livestock and or loss of life and road closures with damage to rural infrastructure and electrical supply.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Extreme Lead Combat Agency RFS Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, Police, SES, NPWS, VRA, Agencies DOCS, ASNSW, Council

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified RFS Operations Plan, RFS Bushfire Risk Management Plan, LCC Plant Resource Manual, DISPLAN, RFS Community Education program TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH04 Hazard FIRE - GRASS

Risk Statement There is a risk that a significant grass fire in the Lithgow region could cause significant damage to property, livestock and or loss of life and road closures with damage to rural infrastructure and electrical supply. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH05 Hazard FLOOD

Risk Statement There is a risk of flash flooding in Farmers Creek and tributaries which could result in road closure for half a day, possible loss of life, property damage (in 5 year flood possible houses involved 90 with up to a metre of water through house), possible evacuation with very short warning periods. Other creeks within LGA may also cause road closures. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency SES Functional Areas & Support DOCS, RFS, Police, Council, NSWFB, Agencies VRA

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Lithgow LGA Flood Plan, DISPLAN, Floodplain Management Committee TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended Community Education program local information package

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH06 Hazard EXTREME COLD

Risk Statement There is a risk that extreme cold will lead to possible loss of life and property damage, dependant upon severity of weather IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency SES / Council Functional Areas & Support RFS, NSWFB, VRA, ASNSW, RTA, Agencies Police,

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified DISPLAN, RTA Highway Warning Signage, BCA Plumbing standards (LCC) TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended Community Education strategy (LCC)

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH07 Hazard ROCKFALL

Risk Statement There is a risk that transport links can be blocked for extended periods in such areas as Wolgan Gap requiring resupply. Blockages to Clarence rail tunnels, rail lines and Great Western Highway at Victoria Pass may require transport deviations. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support Council, Railcorp, RTA, ASNSW, VRA, Agencies NSWFB, SES

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified DISPLAN TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended RTA Highway Traffic Deviation Strategy, Railcorp Rockfall response plan

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH08 Hazard SEVERE STORM - WIND

Risk Statement There is a risk that a severe windstorm will cause damage to buildings, infrastructure and transport links with the possibility of human fatality and injuries.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency SES Functional Areas & Support Police, ASNSW, VRA, NSWFB, RFS, Agencies Council, Railcorp, Integral Energy

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified DISPLAN, State Storm Plan, SES/RFS MOU, Council Plant Resource Schedule TREAT

Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH09 Hazard SEVERE STORM - RAIN

Risk Statement There is a risk that a severe rainstorm may affect vehicles, infrastructure (sewerage system, transport links) and property with subsequent financial

impacts and requiring prevention and removal of storm waters from shops and transport links. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency SES Functional Areas & Support Police, ASNSW, VRA, NSWFB, RFS, Agencies Council,

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified DISPLAN, State Storm Plan, SES/RFS/NSWFB MOU, Severe Weather Warnings (BoM) TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Natural Hazard ID NH10 Hazard SEVERE STORM - HAIL

Risk Statement There is a risk that a severe hailstorm may affect vehicles, transport links and property with subsequent financial impacts and requiring prevention

and removal of storm waters from shops and transport links. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency SES Functional Areas & Support Police, ASNSW, VRA, NSWFB, RFS, Agencies Council,

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified DISPLAN, State Storm Plan, SES/RFS/NSWFB MOU, Severe Weather Warnings (BoM) TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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6.2 Technological Hazards

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH01 Hazard AERONAUTICAL

Risk Statement There is a risk of an aircraft crash (civil or military - up to 40 passengers) causing loss of life, injuries and damage to property.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support CASA, ASNSW, NSWFB, RFS, VRA, Agencies SES, Council, Defence forces

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified IESOP (Incident Emergency Standard Operating Procedure), Defence incident reponse procedures, Marrangaroo Army Camp “No-fly” zone TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH02 Hazard SPACE DEBRIS RE-ENTRY

Risk Statement There is a risk that space debris could fall to earth, requiring establishment of an exclusion zone and assessment of nature of materials involved.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, RFS, Council, SES, VRA Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended National Agency Plan

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH03 Hazard BRIDGE COLLAPSE

Risk Statement There is a risk of a bridge collapse due to natural disasters, impact or overload causing fatalities and disruption to transport route with major transport diversions.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Consequences Catastrophic Insignificant Moderate Major Minor People Social Impact Evacuation Property Community Services Animals Environmental Financial Resources Operational Management Frequency Distribution Likelihood

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support Council, Railcorp, RTA, ASNSW Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified RTA / Railcorp / Council asset Management plans and maintenance schedules TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended All bridges to meet Australian Standards or NAASRA Guidelines – structural assessment required (Ccl / RTA / Railcorp)

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH04 Hazard BUILDING COLLAPSE

Risk Statement There is a risk that a building collapse could result in some fatalities and a large number of severely injured persons. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, USAR, Council, ASNSW, VRA, Agencies SES

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Council to ensure BCA applied, plans referred to Mines Subsidence Board TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH05 Hazard DAM FAILURE

Risk Statement There is a risk that local dams (Oberon Dam – Oberon LGA, Lake Lyell, Farmers Creek, Thompson’s Creek, Lake Wallace, Piper’s Flat, ash dam at Sawyers Swamp) could fail causing immediate flooding and erosion downstream and loss of bridges and property, resulting in possible fatalities. Failure of Oberon Dam or Farmers Creek Dam would impact on supply of water. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Extreme Lead Combat Agency Council / Delta / State Water Functional Areas & Support SES, VRA, ASNSW, Police, Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Council’s Dam Break Study and Dam Safety Emergency Plans for Farmers Creek Dam, State Water’s Safety Emergency Plan for Oberon Dam and Drought and Emergency Contingency Plan, Delta Dam Safety Strategy for Thompson’s Creek Dam and Lake Lyell TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH06 Hazard HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Risk Statement There is a risk that a hazardous substance incident resulting from transport accidents or industrial activities could occur, requiring evacuation of persons from immediate and surrounding areas, possible fatalities and medical treatment and cleanup.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Extreme Lead Combat Agency NSWFB Functional Areas & Support RFS, ASNSW, Police, EPA, AGL, Agencies DOCS, Railcorp, Council, RTA

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified State HAZMAT plan, local HAZMAT plans, NSWFB/Sydney Catchment Authority MOU, labelling / manifest for vehicles transporting HAZMAT TREAT

Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH07 Hazard INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT

Risk Statement There is a risk an accident could occur at one of the industries within the LGA, resulting in property damage, and some injuries and fatalities.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support ASNSW, NSWFB, VRA, Mines Rescue, Agencies WorkCover, DPI (Mines)

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended Each industry’s asset management and OHS management strategies

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH08 Hazard INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE - POWER

Risk Statement There is a risk of extended failure of power supply (>12 hours) due to failure of infrastructure impacting on personal amenity - storage of food, heating, lighting, security, money, fuel availability, water distribution, public health, sewerage services and transport.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency Energy Authorities Functional Areas & Support Police, DOCS, SES, Council, ASNSW, Agencies RFS, NSWFB, VRA, SWAHS, SRA

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified NCB0625 – Major Incident Response, NCB0613 – Emergency Response Supporting Plan, NCB0601 – Incident Response, GNV0013 – Emergency

TREAT Response in Asset Management Regional Storm Centres, and PRG0006 – Contract Management – Emergency Response

Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH09 Hazard INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE - WATER

Risk Statement There is a risk that failure of water supply infrastructure for an extended period (up to 48 hours) with an inability to effect prompt repair to delivery system could require provision of temporary water supply resulting in water restrictions.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency Council Functional Areas & Support RFS, NSWFB, Police, SES Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Asset Management Plans, Operational & Maintenance Manuals, Drought Management Plan TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH10 Hazard INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE SEWERAGE

Risk Statement There is a risk that sewerage system failure (Lithgow, Wallerawang, Portland) could cause health concerns and environmental damage downstream.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency Council Functional Areas & Support DEC (EPA), SWAHS, private Agencies contractors, NSWFB

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Incident notification protocol, Asset management plan, EPA Licence, Operator training, Operational & Maintenance manuals TREAT

Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH11 Hazard INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE SEWAGE CONTAMINATION

Risk Statement There is a risk of overflows or failure of the LGA sewerage treatment plants causing health concerns and environmental damage downstream.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Incident notification protocol, Asset management plan, EPA Licence, Operator training, Operational & Maintenance manuals TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH12 Hazard INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE - GAS

Risk Statement There is a risk that a gas main rupture in a populated area could require localised evacuation until the area is made safe and provision of temporary supplies required until repairs are complete.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Agility Functional Areas & Support Police, NSWFB, ASNSW, DOCS, Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Safety and Operating Plan, Australia Standards TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH13 Hazard MINE ACCIDENT

Risk Statement There is a risk that an accident on a mine site may result in injuries and fatalities, and possible impact on production and community.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Mines Rescue Station / Mining companies Functional Areas & Support ASNSW, DPI (Mines Inspectors), Police Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Standard Operating Procedures, Mines Rescue Guidelines, Individual Mines Managers Rules (including Emergency Procedures for Flood, Fall, Fire and Evacutation) TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH14 Hazard RADIOLOGICAL HAZARD

Risk Statement There is a risk of containers of radioactive material being transported or at medical facilities being damaged, resulting in radiation leakage and evacuation until radiation levels are safe.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency NSWFB Functional Areas & Support ANSTO, Police, RTA, Council, DOCS, Agencies State Rail, SWAHS,

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified State HAZMAT plan, local HAZMAT plans, NSWFB/Sydney Catchment Authority MOU, labelling / manifest for vehicles transporting HAZMAT TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH15 Hazard POLLUTION - CHEMICAL

Risk Statement There is a risk of chemical pollution from industry or transport accident causing environmental damage and requiring short-term evacuation.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency NSWFB Functional Areas & Support EPA, DOCS, Police, ASNSW, SES, Agencies RFS, RTA, State Rail, Council

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH16 Hazard POLLUTION – OIL / FUEL

Risk Statement The Committee considered this hazard as part of Pollution – Chemical – refer Hazard TH15.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Lead Combat Agency Functional Areas & Support Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH17 Hazard POLLUTION – HAZARDOUS WASTE

Risk Statement There is a risk that an incident involving chemical spills, biological, or collateral incidents from road, rail or air transport incidents may result in closure of transport links and evacuation if in populated area.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency NSWFB Functional Areas & Support EPA, DOCS, Police, ASNSW, SES, Agencies RFS, RTA, State Rail, Council

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH18 Hazard LAND SUBSIDENCE

Risk Statement There is a risk that a mine tunnel could collapse causing some surface subsidence and minor building damage or cliff collapse.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Council Functional Areas & Support Mines Subsidence Board, Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified BCA requirements for new buildings TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH19 Hazard TRANSPORT ACCIDENT – AIR

Risk Statement The Committee considered this hazard to be the same as TH01.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Lead Combat Agency Functional Areas & Support Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH20 Hazard TRANSPORT ACCIDENT - RAIL

Risk Statement There is a risk of a rail transport accident causing fatalities and significant community disruption.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support ASNSW, State Rail, NSWFB, VRA, Agencies RFS, SES, DOCS

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified IESOP, Asset Management Strategies (track & rolling stock) TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH21a Hazard TRANSPORT ACCIDENT - ROAD

Risk Statement There is a risk of road transport accident resulting in fatalities, injuries and property damage.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support VRA, NSWFB, RFS, ASNSW, RTA, Agencies Council, SES

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified IESOPS, Road Safety Campaign TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH21b Hazard TRANSPORT ACCIDENT - ROAD

Risk Statement There is a risk of road transport accident involving a bus resulting in multiple fatalities, injuries and property damage.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support VRA, NSWFB, RFS, ASNSW, RTA, Agencies Council, SES, Bus companies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified IESOPS, Disaster Victim Identification & Registration. TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH22 Hazard EXPLOSION

Risk Statement There is a risk that an explosion at an industrial facility (Howard and Sons, Delta, ADI) could occur, causing fatalities, property damage, evacuation and economic loss.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support ASNSW, NSWFB, RFS, DOCS, Agencies WorkCover, SES

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified IESOPS TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH23 Hazard FIRE - RESIDENTIAL

Risk Statement There is a risk of a residential fire resulting in fatalities and property loss.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency NSWFB Functional Areas & Support RFS, ASNSW, DOCS, Police Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Refer NSWFB TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Technological Hazard ID TH24 Hazard FIRE – INDUSTRIAL

Risk Statement There is a risk of a fire at an industrial plant causing personal injury, property damage, employment and economic losses.

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x x x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency RFS / NSWFB Functional Areas & Support Police, ASNSW, DOCS Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified RFS Operations Coordination Plan, industry response plans TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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6.3 Biological Hazards

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Hazard Category Biological Hazard ID BH01 Hazard COMMUNICABLE DISEASE – AFFECTING HUMANS

Risk Statement There is a risk of disease outbreak affecting humans causing illness and possible fatality, the need for quarantine, hospitalisation with resulting community impacts. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency SWAHS Functional Areas & Support Council, DOCS, ASNSW, Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified NSW Department of Health’s Infection Control Policy 2002 - 45 TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Biological Hazard ID BH02 Hazard COMMUNICABLE DISEASE – AFFECTING ANIMALS

Risk Statement There is a risk that an outbreak of a communicable disease could affect animals in the district, resulting in quarantine and possible destruction of livestock and possible transfer to humans, with subsequent sickness, and economic loss. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Low Lead Combat Agency DPI (Agriculture) Functional Areas & Support RFS, NSWFB, Council, Dept Health, Agencies Police

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Standard Operating Proceedures for Exotic Diseases, Animal Health Emergency Plans, Aus Vet Plans TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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6.4 Other Hazards

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Hazard Category Other Hazard ID OH01 Hazard PUBLIC ORDER INCIDENT

Risk Statement There is a risk that a public order incident could result in injuries, damage/fire to property and business impact. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Moderate Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, ASNSW Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Public order incident management TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Other Hazard ID OH02 Hazard SIEGE

Risk Statement There is a risk that a siege could develop and result in fatalities and property damage or loss and possible evacuation of the surrounding area. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x x x x x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x x x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL High Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, ASNSW, Agencies

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Management of high risk incidents – contain & negotiate TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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Hazard Category Other Hazard ID OH03 Hazard TERRORIST ACTION

Risk Statement There is a risk that terrorist activity could result in fatalities and damage or loss to critical infrastructure. IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE RATING MATRIX RISK LEVEL MATRIX

Catastrophic x x x x x x Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme Major x x Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Moderate x Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme Minor x Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

ANALYSE / EVALUATE Insignificant x Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Risk Level = Highest FD (consequence) rating x likelihood rating = Risk Level RISK LEVEL Extreme Lead Combat Agency Police Functional Areas & Support NSWFB, RFS, ASNSW, Federal Police, Agencies SES

Control / Mitigation Strategies Identified Critical Infrastructure Management, Counter-Terrorism legislation, industry emergency plans / security contingencies TREAT Control / Mitigation Strategies recommended

Date Assessment Conducted 1 June – 21 August 2006 Assessment Conducted by LEMC ERM Working Party

Sent to Combat Agency (Date) Controls By Whom Implemented (Name & Designation) (Date)

REVIEW Date Approved by LEMC Review Date 12 months from approval date or after event occurrence

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6.5 Summary of Assessments

RISK MATRIX

Consequences Catastrophic Insignificant Minor Moderate Major

Likelihood

Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme

Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme

Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme

Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

Rare Low Low Moderate High High

EXTREME 5 HIGH 15 MODERATE 10 LOW 8

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6.6 Risk Referral Summary – Hazard by Agency

6.6.1 Lithgow City Council

Hazard ID Hazard Risk Agency Date Controls Rating referred

NH06 Extreme Cold High Council / SES 13 November DISPLAN, RTA 2006 Highway Warning Signage, BCA Plumbing standards (LCC), Community Education strategy (LCC) TH05 Dam Failure Extreme Council / Delta / 13 November Dam Break Study and State Water 2006 Dam Safety Emergency Plans for Farmers Creek Dam TH09 Infrastructure failure - water Low Council 13 November Asset Management 2006 Plans, Operational & Maintenance Manuals, Drought Management Plan

TH10 Infrastructure failure - sewerage Low Council 13 November Incident notification 2006 protocol, Asset management plan, EPA Licence, Operator training, Operational & Maintenance manuals

TH11 Infrastructure failure – sewage Low Council 13 November Incident notification contamination 2006 protocol, Asset management plan, EPA Licence, Operator training, Operational & Maintenance manuals

TH18 Land subsidence High Council 13 November BCA requirements for 2006 new buildings

6.6.2 State Emergency Service

Hazard ID Hazard Risk Agency Date Controls Rating referred NH01 Snow storm High SES / Council 13 November Central West Snow 2006 Plan, DISPLAN Community Awareness Plan – Local information package NH05 Flood High SES 13 November Lithgow LGA Flood 2006 Plan, DISPLAN, Floodplain Management Committee, Community Education program local information package NH06 Extreme Cold High SES / Council 13 November DISPLAN, RTA 2006 Highway Warning Signage, BCA Plumbing standards (LCC), Community Education strategy (LCC)

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NH08 Severe Storm - wind High SES 13 November DISPLAN, State Storm 2006 Plan, SES/RFS MOU, Council Plant Resource Schedule NH09 Severe Storm - rain Medium SES 13 November DISPLAN, State Storm 2006 Plan, SES/RFS/NSWFB MOU, Severe Weather Warnings (BoM) NH10 Severe Storm - hail Medium SES 13 November DISPLAN, State Storm 2006 Plan, SES/RFS/NSWFB MOU, Severe Weather Warnings (BoM)

6.6.3 NSW Police

Hazard ID Hazard Risk Agency Date Controls Rating referred NH02 Earthquake High Police 13 November LCC Dam Break 2006 Study, Delta Mitigation Strategies, DISPLAN, Mine Subsidence Maps, Mines Subsidence Board Earthquake Assessment NH07 Rockfall Medium Police 13 November DISPLAN, RTA 2006 Highway Traffic Deviation Strategy, Railcorp Rockfall response plan

TH01 Aeronautical Low Police 13 November IESOP (Incident 2006 Emergency Standard Operating Procedure), Defence incident reponse procedures, Marrangaroo Army Camp “No-fly” zone

TH02 Space debris re-entry Low Police 13 November National Agency Plan 2006 TH03 Bridge collapse Medium Police 13 November RTA / Railcorp / 2006 Council asset Management plans and maintenance schedules, All bridges to meet Australian Standards or NAASRA Guidelines – structural assessment required (Ccl / RTA / Railcorp) TH04 Building collapse Low Police 13 November Council to ensure BCA 2006 applied, plans referred to Mines Subsidence Board TH07 Industrial accident High Police 13 November Each industry’s asset 2006 management and OHS management strategies TH20 Transport accident - rail High Police 13 November IESOP, Asset 2006 Management Strategies (track & rolling stock)

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TH21a Transport accident - road High Police 13 November IESOPS, Road Safety 2006 Campaign TH21b Transport accident - road High Police 13 November IESOPS, Disaster 2006 Victim Identification & Registration. TH22 Explosion Medium Police 13 November IESOPS 2006 OH01 Public order incident Medium Police 13 November Public order incident 2006 management OH02 Siege High Police 13 November Management of high 2006 risk incidents – contain & negotiate OH03 Terrorist action Extreme Police 13 November Critical Infrastructure 2006 Management, Counter-Terrorism legislation, industry emergency plans / security contingencies

6.6.4 Rural Fire Service

Hazard ID Hazard Risk Agency Date Controls Rating referred NH03 Fire - bush Extreme RFS 13 November RFS Operations Plan, 2006 RFS Bushfire Risk Management Plan, RFS Community Education program NH04 Fire - grass Extreme RFS 13 November RFS Operations Plan, 2006 RFS Bushfire Risk Management Plan, RFS Community Education program TH24 Fire - industrial Medium RFS / NSWFB 13 November RFS Operations 2006 Coordination Plan, industry response plans

6.6.5 NSW Fire Brigades

Hazard ID Hazard Risk Agency Date Controls Rating referred TH06 Hazardous materials Extreme NSWFB 13 November State HAZMAT plan, 2006 local HAZMAT plans, NSWFB/Sydney Catchment Authority MOU, labelling / manifest for vehicles transporting HAZMAT TH14 Radiological hazard High NSWFB 13 November State HAZMAT plan, 2006 local HAZMAT plans, NSWFB/Sydney Catchment Authority MOU, labelling / manifest for vehicles transporting HAZMAT TH15 Pollution - chemical High NSWFB 13 November State HAZMAT plan, 2006 local HAZMAT plans, NSWFB/Sydney Catchment Authority MOU, labelling /

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