DOCSLIB.ORG

Women and Human Capital – the Brunei Darussalam Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women and Human Capital – the Brunei Darussalam Perspective Educational Research (ISSN: 2141-5161) Vol. 4(2) pp. 91-97, February 2013 Available online@ http://www.interesjournals.org/ER Copyright © 2013 International Research Journals Review Women and human capital – the Brunei Darussalam perspective Prof. Dr. K. C. Patrick Low *1 and Associate Prof. Dr. Hajah Zohrah Binti Haji Sulaiman 2 *1Ph.D. and Chartered Marketer, Certified MBTI Administrator and Certified Behavioral Consultant/ Universiti Brunei Darussalam; Professor of Management and Marketing/ Associate, University of South Australia 2Deputy Vice Chancellor, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Abstract This paper examines various ways and key practices in which women may be sidelined – intentionally or unintentionally and/or that their potential is not fully tapped. It next examines the various strategies and cultural-fit ways in which the Bruneian Society and the women-folks can move forward or advance their position. Overall, there has, in fact, been a rising status of women in Brunei. Highlighted in this paper are several key strategies, and these can include having work and family/life balance, and networking. Keywords: Women, Brunei Darussalam, role model, strategies to advance women; work-life balance, humaneness, warmth, mother leadership, feminine touch. INTRODUCTION Human capital is the organization’s (nation’s) important and citizenship. In business, women participate in various asset (Bassi and McMurrer, 2004). In Human Resource sectors and more than half of SMEs are owned by women. Management (HRM), equal employment opportunity or the They have equal access to the provision of incentives and treatment of individuals in all aspects of employment – entrepreneurial support such as financial assistance such as hiring, promotion, training and other HRM schemes, access to Information Communication practices – in a fair and objective manner can, in fact, help Technology (ICT), business counseling as well as training to fully harness the human capital of a country. (Borneo Bulletin, 2012). True, Brunei may have narrowed Brunei Darussalam’s economy is heavily dependent on the gender gap in terms of the number of women in the oil and gas. The key economic development objective of workforce yet there is still a shortage of women decision the Sultanate is diversification of its economic base, makers (Hab, 2013: A9). There is still a need to up both reducing its heavy reliance on the hydrocarbon industry. In participation and position of women in the country. its efforts, women are seen as playing an important role Undeniably, in today’s ICT and knowledge-based work and contributing substantially in Brunei’s economic growth place, employees are not just labor; they are assets. and overall development. Bruneian women, who make up Nearly 70 per cent of businesses in Asian countries boast 47 per cent of the country’s population, have enjoyed high-ranking women (Low, 2007). In Brunei Darussalam, positive development and continued progress as a result those in the age category of 15 to 64 years which make up of Brunei’s pro-active efforts in improving the lives of its 68.8 percent of the total population consist of 138,129 people (Borneo Bulletin, 2012). males and 123,017 females (Wikipedia, 2007). Brunei Among other things, women are given equal rights and Darussalam promotes gender equality and empowers opportunities in education, training, healthcare, women (EDP, 2005). Women here have equal access to employment, business; ownership of assets and benefits education, health care and other state provided facilities (paid maternity leave) (NDP. 2007-2012). There is a small difference in the enrolments of boys and girls at both primary and secondary schools. The trends in tertiary *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] education have changed since the late 1980’s, the gender gap in tertiary education has increasingly been in favor of 92 Educ. Res. Figure 1. Percentage of female students. Total tertiary (SOURCE: http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/chartView.aspx) females (UNESCO, 2009; EDP, 2005). In the Southeast be sidelined – intentionally or unintentionally and/ or that Asian region – among the four countries, namely, Brunei, their potential is not fully tapped. Additionally, this paper Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, the statistics from also discusses the various strategies and ways in which 1999-2007 show that Brunei has the highest percentage of the Bruneian Society and the womenfolk can up or female students (over 60 per cent) in the tertiary level advance the position of women so as to fully tap the (Figure 1). Sultanate’s human capital and contribute to its Among young adults in Brunei Darussalam, women economic growth and well-being. literacy is higher than that of men (EDP, 2005). As at March 2008, the Civil Service comprised a total of 44,997 civil servants, and of this number, 22,022 are women Key Practices That Have Led Women to Be Side-lined (Jabatan Perkhimatan Awam, 2008). In 2012, with regard to the participation of women in labor force, it has Today, even in developed European countries, women increased from 20 per cent in 1971 to 58 per cent in 2010. remain underrepresented or played down in corporate Bruneian Women now constitute about 50.4 per cent of the boards and executive committees (McKinsey & Company, civil service where they occupy 28 per cent of senior 2012: 1). In this paper, the authors will examine the various management posts (Borneo Bulletin, 2012). It is obvious ways and practices in which have led women to be that small nation-states such as Brunei need to fully sidelined – intentionally or unintentionally, and/ or that their harness and capitalize on its human resources including potential is not being fully harnessed. These include its womanpower to engine and boost its economic growth. cultural practices such as child-rearing practices, The paper is thus concerned with and focused – hoping stereotyping and other practices. to trigger further thinking – on such issues as: Stereotyping or perceptual distortions long exist; and O How does the Society help and allow women to stereotypes obscure individual differences and strengths optimize themselves for the good of the Society? or assets (Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn, 1994). O How do women employees optimize themselves for the Women also face the age-old Asian or traditional bias, good of the Organization, for the Sultanate and for stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination. In fact, these themselves? include bias, discrimination or glass-ceiling impositions against women executives too. The latter still prevails (based on several respondents whom the researchers The Objectives of the Paper spoke to prior to writing this paper; 15 respondents or 75 percent of the total number of respondents concurred to More specifically, in this paper, the purpose and objectives this). This only serves to amplify Kim’s (2007) report that are to examine ways and practices in which women may discrimination and gender inequality is losing Asia-Pacific Low and Haji Sulaiman 93 countries millions of dollars every year; gender equality In some societies and cultures, women, in fact, play a could help boost Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Low, key role, and this is more evident in certain 2008). matriarchal or matrilineal societies such as the Young girls are asked to act gently, giving way to their Minangkabaus of Sumatra (Sorensen, 1993 and Lebar, male siblings, “never be ‘bold’ so as to frighten the boys’ 1972, cited in Low, 2013), Iroquois of North America and and never ‘draw attention to herself’” (Soekanto, 2007: 6). the Lovedu of Africa. Leading the woman or the mother Girls are also encouraged not to play rough or in a way, is, nothing less or equally good as men; it is apt tomboyish fashion, but rather to play girlish games, dolls and most suited for a woman to lead in such way as and soft toys. “They must be seen to take part in soft they are also tapping their strengths and qualities. activities” (several respondents’ inputs), better still More so, the authors would add that certain engaging in “the traditional activities such as cooking”. child-rearing practices needs to be overhauled or Besides, women also seek lower level jobs. Recent changed. Girls’ power is to be promoted, and parents figures show that women jobseekers outnumber men. can raise their girls – in Islamic ways – as strong There are: individuals. A local writer has expressed that parents need to encourage their daughters to be “bolder” and 1,146 females compared to 473 males [age category of not be “meek”. “Father(s) should have… asked (the) 18 to 30 years old] daughter to have the first choice when (distributing 328 females compared to 107 males [age category of 31 candies or gifts) because that was what the Prophet to 65 years old] Muhammad (peace be upon him) would have done. The Prophet taught Muslims that when they had gifts, they from the total number of 2054 are seeking for clerical and should first give them to their daughters (Soekanto, other related jobs (Labor Dept., cited in Han, 2007: 1). 2007: 6). Indeed, girls who are raised in a family or household where her needs and preferences are This reinforces dual market theory (cited in Watson, respected would grow up to be empowered, 1997). Women comprise an ‘out-group’ and are treated as self-respected, confident and achieving ladies. such, and form the basis of an industrial reserve providing “Such confident women know that they are equal to the source of additional labor when society requires it. their brothers as long as they are bewaring of Allah The male and female labor force participation rates SWT.” (Soekanto, 2007: 6). Woman is equal to man in (LFPR) in Brunei Darussalam were 60 percent and 82.5 the eyes of God (Al-Quran, As Saffat (37): 153, cited in percent in 2006/7, respectively (NDP 2007-2012).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discrimination and Violence Against Women in Brunei Darussalam On
    SOUTH Muara CHINA Bandar Seri SEA Begawan Tutong Bangar Seria Kuala Belait Sukang MALAYSIA MALAYSIA I N D 10 km O N E SIA Discrimination and Violence Against Women in Brunei Darussalam on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Presented to the 59th Session of The Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Discrimination and Violence Against Women in Brunei Darussalam on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Presented to the 59th Session of The Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) November 2014 • Geneva Submitted by: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 ................................................................................................................... 1 Discrimination Against LBT Women (Articles 1 and 2) ............................................................................. 3 Criminalization of Lesbians and Bisexual Women ...................................................................................... 3 Criminalization of Transgender Persons .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Int Cedaw Ngo Brn 18687 E
    UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN 59th Session of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 20 October – 7 November 2014 THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS’ SUBMISSION TO THE UN COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN IN ADVANCE OF THE EXAMINATION OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM’S INITIAL AND SECOND PERIODIC REPORTS UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN Submitted on 3 October 2014 Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to develop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952, active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. P.O. Box, 91, Rue des Bains, 33, 1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland Tel: +41(0) 22 979 3800 – Fax: +41(0) 22 979 3801 – Website: http://www.icj.org E-mail: [email protected] Introduction 1. During its 59th session, from 20 October to 7 November 2014, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW or the Committee) will examine Brunei Darussalam’s implementation of the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (the Convention), including in light of the state party’s initial and second periodic reports.1 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) welcomes the opportunity to submit the following observations to the Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Darussalam
    Statelessness Network Asia Pacific, Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights, The Brunei Project and Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 33rd Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Third Cycle, April - May 2019) Brunei Darussalam 4 October 2018 Statelessness Network Asia Pacific, The Brunei Project, Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights and Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 33rd Session of the Universal Periodic Review Brunei Darussalam Introduction 1. The Statelessness Network Asia Pacific, The Brunei Project, the Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights, and the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion make this joint submission to the Human Rights Council at the 33rd Session of the Universal Periodic Review on the challenges pertaining to citizenship, statelessness and the enjoyment of fundamental human rights in Brunei Darussalam.1 2. The Statelessness Network Asia Pacific2 is a civil society coalition with the goal of promoting collaboration and information sharing on addressing statelessness in Asia and the Pacific. SNAP is driven by a diverse membership and through direct engagement and contribution from its members and stakeholders, particularly formerly stateless persons, stateless persons and persons at risk of statelessness. 3. The Brunei Project3 is an independent human rights initiative that has been monitoring and raising awareness about human rights in Brunei since May 2015. It’s primary method of engagement is through social media, actively seeking out opportunities to increase awareness about human rights through independent projects and in collaboration with like-minded organisations regionally and internationally. 4. The Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights4 mobilizes international action for the removal of gender discriminatory provisions from all nationality laws through its coalition of national and international organizations and activists.
    [Show full text]
  • Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993–2005 WHO Global Database on Anaemia
    Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005 WHO Global Database on Anaemia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005 WHO Global Database on Anaemia Editors Bruno de Benoist World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Erin McLean World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland Ines Egli Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, ETH – Zurich, Switzerland Mary Cogswell Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005 : WHO global database on anaemia / Edited by Bruno de Benoist, Erin McLean, Ines Egli and Mary Cogswell. 1.Anemia – prevention and control. 2.Anemia – epidemiology. 3.Prevalence. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 159665 7 (NLM classification: WH 155) © World Health Organization 2008 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Children in Brunei Darussalam: Their Educational, Legal and Social Protections
    e-ISSN 2289-6023 International Journal of Islamic Thought ISSN 2232-1314 Vol. 11: (June) 2017 Children in Brunei Darussalam: Their Educational, Legal and Social Protections AMY YOUNG, PG NORHAZLIN PG HJ MUHAMMAD, OSMAN BAKAR, PATRICK O’LEARY & MOHAMAD ABDALLA1 ABSTRACT The past two decades of academic work, have cemented the idea that childhood is a social construction. As such, how children are conceptualized, educated, protected and interacted with differs from society to society, given the values inherent in each social construction. Culture, history and geography all influence the daily lives of children, and the inherent protections that children are offered in each society. This paper examines child protection provisions embedded in Brunei Darussalam by critically reviewing the sparse literature available. While much academic work has been done on Brunei Darussalam’s political system and unique ideology, little has been written on the children of Brunei. Specifically, the focus taken is on the protections offered by the Bruneian legal and education systems, family and cultural institutions, and on Brunei’s international commitments to ensuring child wellbeing. Keywords: Brunei Darussalam, child, childhood, Islam, shariah law Negara Brunei Darussalam is an Islamic sultanate with a particular vision for its people and children. Yet little academic work has focused on children in Brunei. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is central to the way children are viewed worldwide. It reflects an awareness that children are not just passive recipients of adult culture in need of protection and provision, but also beings in their own right who participate and interact with the world (Alderson 2012a, 2012b, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Darussalam 59 Th CEDAW Session October 2014
    Musawah Comprehensive Fact-Sheet on Muslim Family Laws: Brunei Darussalam 59 th CEDAW Session October 2014 I. INTRODUCTION This is the CEDAW Committee’s first engagement with the Government of Brunei Darussalam, which acceded to the CEDAW Convention on 24 May 2006, and entered reservations to Article 9.2 and Article 29.1 , and a general reservation ‘regarding those provisions of [CEDAW] that may be contrary to the Constitution of Brunei Darussalam and to the beliefs and principles of Islam, the official religion of Brunei Darussalam. ’1 In response to the CEDAW Committee’s list of issues and questions (2014), the Government of Brunei Darussalam stated that ‘ without prejudice to the generality of CEDAW, [it] wishes to retain its reservations’ (para. 8). The Government has also noted in its responses that it still has not ratified the Optional Protocol (para. 73). The information and analysis presented in this comprehensive fact-sheet is based on field research carried out in Brunei in October 2014. Musawah researchers interviewed over 20 women on their first-hand experiences of gender discrimination in marriage and family relations. The report also makes use of official materials produced and circulated by the Government within the State party territory. Although research documenting realities of family life on the ground is meant to be illustrative, and in no way comprehensive, secondary research, including review of other analysis on gender discrimination in Brunei, suggests that the types of women’s human rights abused documented are common. The seriously limited space for free association, expression, and assembly, including the monitoring of discussion of Government law and policy in person, print and online spaces, imposed significant obstacles on Musawah researchers, including connecting with respondents willing to engage in open discussion of gender discrimination in law and in practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Darussalam
    Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Brunei Darussalam Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration 166 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 167 Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration 168 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration A!ecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 169 Table of Contents A. OVERVIEW 173 D. ABUSE AND DISCRIMINATION IN MIGRATION 201 1. Description of the Problem 202 B. VIOLENCE 175 a. Prevalence of Abuse and 1. Description of the Problem 175 Discrimination in Migration 202 a. Prevalence of Violence 175 b. Root Causes of Abuse and Discrimination b. Root Causes of Violence and in Migration and Aggravating Practices 203 Aggravating Practices 178 c. Impact of Abuse and Discrimination c. Impact of Violence 179 in Migration 203 2. De Jure State Responses 180 2. De Jure State Responses 203 a. Bases of State Responsibility 180 a. Bases of State Responsibility 203 b. National Policies against Violence 181 b. National Policies Against Abuse c. Assessment of State Policies 183 and Discrimination in Migration 204 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Brunei Darussalam
    Published by: Ministry of Finance and Economy Commonwealth Drive, Bandar Seri Begawan BB3910 Brunei Darussalam www.mofe.gov.bn In collaboration with: Authority for Info-communications Technology Industry of Brunei Darussalam Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam Brunei Intellectual Property Office Employees Trust Fund Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports Ministry of Defence Ministry of Development Ministry of Education Ministry of Energy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Health Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism Ministry of Religious Affairs Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications Prime Minister’s Office Wawasan Brunei 2035 Standing Secretariat Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam Biodiversity and Natural History Society Brunei Council on Social Welfare Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council Brunei Darussalam National Association of the Blind Brunei Darussalam Youth Council Brunei Malay Chamber of Commerce and Industry Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Brunei Darussalam Council for the Welfare of Persons with Different Abilities Down Syndrome Association Green Brunei Hand4Hand Brunei La Vida Sdn Bhd MyActionsforSDGs National Chamber of Commerce and Industry Brunei Darussalam Pusat Ehsan Al-Ameerah Al-Hajjah Maryam Society for Community Outreach and Training Society for the Management of Autism Related Issues in Training, Education and Resources Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Foundation Universiti Brunei Darussalam WeCare | KamiPrihatin © Ministry of Finance and Economy, Government of Brunei Darussalam 2020. All rights
    [Show full text]
  • Good Morning Yang Mulia Associate Professor Dr Hj.Abdul Mohaimin
    Good Morning Yang Mulia Associate Professor Dr Hj.Abdul Mohaimin, Dean of faculty of Syariah and Law, University Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, as Chair of the Conference; Dr Haji Serbini bin Haji Matahir/Md. Tahir, Rector, UNISSA; Pengiran‐Pengiran, Dato‐Dato, Datin‐Datin, distinguished experts, honoured guests, ladies and gentlemen. Let me begin by congratulating UNISSA for organising this important Conference. It is a great honour and pleasure to be here to speak on a subject which is very close to my heart. I am, after all, a ‘Muslim woman in a modern world and above all a wife, a mother, a daughter, a sister, and more recently a grandmother!’ 1 | Page Being here on the podium this morning, surrounded by accomplished women, aspiring women and future leaders, and (a few accomplished good men, brave enough to be present with us) reminds me how fortunate we are to be here. With the blessings of Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala, I was born in Brunei Darussalam, which is fortunate enough to be ruled by a Monarch who possesses the wisdom to give equal access to girls and boys to basic needs especially education and to give equal opportunities as long as it is not repugnant to Islam. I am also reminded how fortunate I am to have a father, who believes in giving his daughters, an opportunity to have a better future for both sons and daughters (and daughters actually did better than the sons!) a mother; who did not have the opportunity to pursue her dream but relentlessly encouraged her daughters to do so, a husband who is supportive and understand his career‐minded and ambitious wife, (he usually tells his colleagues that he is the ‘Boss’ at home; the wife, only makes the decisions) and family, Bosses, colleagues, friends, men and women who have treated ‘women’ as individuals and dare them to make a difference.
    [Show full text]
  • Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: a Baseline Study Table of Contents
    Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Table of Contents Research Team 3 Gratitude and acknowledgement 4 The Human Rights Resource Centre 5 Foreword 6 Limitations of this report 7 Executive Summary 9 Synthesis 19 Annex 113 Brunei Darussalam 165 Cambodia 213 Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse and Discrimination in Migration Affecting Women and Children in ASEAN: A Baseline Study Published by Human Rights Resource Centre Human Rights Resource Centre University of Indonesia - Depok Campus Guest House Complex (next to Gedung Vokasi) Depok Indonesia 16424 Phone/Fax : (62 21) 786 6720 Email: [email protected] Web: www.hrrca.org This publication may be freely used, quoted, reproduced, translated or distributed in part or in full by any non-profit organisation provided copyright is acknowledged and no fees or charges are made. ISBN: 978-602-17986-0-7 3 Research Team Editors The research assistants: Professor David Cohen Judelyn Macapili (HRRC Adviser, University of California, Berkeley). (The Philippines Commission on Human Rights Region IX) Dr. Kevin Tan Muhammad Subarkah Syafruddin (HRRC Governing Board Member, National University (Faculty of Law University of Indonesia) of Singapore. Natalia Rialucky Tampubolon Faith Suzzette Delos Reyes-Kong (Faculty of Law University of Indonesia) (Team Leader of the Baseline Study, Lawyer & Researcher, Wong Li Ru ECCC Trial Monitor for AIJI ). (Singapore Management University) Country Researchers Sovanna Sek HRRC: (Cambodia) Marzuki Darusman Ranyta Yusran Prof. Dr. Harkristuti Harkrisnowo, SH, MA, Ph.D (Centre for International Law, National University Rully Sandra of Singapore) Ati Suryadi Ismail Jaclyn Ling-Chien Neo (J.SD Candidate, Yale Law School-National University Singapore School of Law) Hnin Wut Yee (Myanmar) Delphia Lim (LL.M Candidate, Harvard Law School) Francis Tom F.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
    United Nations CEDAW/C/BRN/1-2 Convention on the Elimination Distr.: General of All Forms of Discrimination 1 November 2013 against Women Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention Initial and second periodic reports due in 2011 Brunei Darussalam* * The present document is being issued without formal editing. 13-54252 (E) 100114 *1354252* CEDAW/C/BRN/1-2 [30 April 2013] Acknowledgements Prime Minister’s Office Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ministry of Education Ministry of Religious Affairs Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Health Ministry of Culture Youth and Sports Royal Brunei Police Force Public Service Department Department of Economic Planning and Development Narcotics Control Bureau Information Department Attorney General’s Chambers Labour Department Department of Community Development Universiti Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam Women Council Brunei Darussalam Women’s Business Council Brunei Darussalam AIDS Council (PENYINAR) 2/75 13-54252 CEDAW/C/BRN/1-2 Contents Page Acknowledgements ............................................................. 2 Executive Summary ............................................................ 7 Introduction ................................................................... 8 Part I – General Information...................................................... 8 1. Brunei Darussalam: National Profile
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Career Advancement in Brunei Darussalam: a Case Study of Women Working in Brunei Government Sectors
    WOMEN AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN WORKING IN BRUNEI GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY MS. DAYANGKU NUR RABI’AH PENGIRAN HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (ASIA PACIFIC STUDIES) COLLEGE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2017 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY Ref. code: 25605966090010CJK WOMEN AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN WORKING IN BRUNEI GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY MS. DAYANGKU NUR RABI’AH PENGIRAN HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (ASIA PACIFIC STUDIES) COLLEGE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2017 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY Ref. code: 25605966090010CJK (1) Thesis Title WOMEN AND CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN WORKING IN BRUNEI GOVERNMENT SECTORS Author Ms. Dayangku Nur Rabi’ah Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahman Degree Master of Arts (Asia Pacific Studies) Major Field/Faculty/University Asia Pacific Studies Collect of Interdisciplinary Studies Thammasat University Thesis Advisor Kosum Omphornuwat, Ph.D. Academic Year 2017 ABSTRACT Brunei Darussalam society offers a unique and interesting aspect to do in- depth study on women. From outside perspective, Brunei seems to be a patriarchal society but at closer look, the women of Brunei are seen to be working their way up to higher positions in the workforce. Thus, career advancement plays a significant role in women’s career life because career life reflects their productivity at work and serves significant meaning to their career life apart from their role as a mother, wife and daughter.
    [Show full text]