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Ground Water Scenario of Himalaya Region, India
Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region, India laiknu@Edited By: lq'khy xqIrk v/;{k Sushil Gupta Chairman Central Ground Water Board dsanzh; Hkwfe tycksMZ Ministry of Water Resources ty lalk/ku ea=kky; Government of India Hkkjr ljdkj 2014 Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k dk Hkwty ifjn`'; vuqØef.kdk dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k i`"B 1- ifjp; 1 2- ty ekSle foKku 23 3- Hkw&vkd`fr foKku 34 4- ty foKku vkSj lrgh ty mi;kst~;rk 50 5- HkwfoKku vkSj foorZfudh 58 6- Hkwty foKku 73 7- ty jlk;u foKku 116 8- Hkwty lalk/ku laHkko~;rk 152 9- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k esa Hkwty fodkl ds laca/k esa vfHktkr fo"k; vkSj leL;k,a 161 10- Hkkjr ds fgeky;h {ks=k ds Hkwty fodkl gsrq dk;Zuhfr 164 lanHkZ lwph 179 Ground Water Scenario of Himalayan Region of India CONTENTS Executive Summary i Pages 1. Introduction 1 2. Hydrometeorology 23 3. Geomorphology 34 4. Hydrology and Surface Water Utilisation 50 5. Geology and Tectonics 58 6. Hydrogeology 73 7. Hydrochemistry 116 8. Ground Water Resource Potential 152 9. Issues and problems identified in respect of Ground Water Development 161 in Himalayan Region of India 10. Strategies and plan for Ground Water Development in Himalayan Region of India 164 Bibliography 179 ifêdkvks dh lwph I. iz'kklfud ekufp=k II. Hkw vkd`fr ekufp=k III. HkwoSKkfud ekufp=k d- fgeky; ds mRrjh vkSj if'peh [kaM [k- fgeky; ds iwohZ vkSj mRrj iwohZ [kaM rFkk iwoksZRrj jkT; IV. -
03 Economic Review 2015-16
0 1 DISTRICT PROFILE Although, Leh district is one of the largest districts of the country in terms of area, it has the lowest population density across the entire country. The district borders Pakistan occupied Kashmir and Chinese occupied Ladakh in the North and Northwest respectively, Tibet in the east and Lahoul-Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh in the South. The district of Leh forms the Northern tip of the Indian Sub Continent. According to the Geographical experts, the district has several other features, which make it unique when compared with other parts of the Indian sub-continent. The district is the coldest and most elevated inhabited region in the country with altitude ranging from 2300 meters to 5000 meters. As a result of its high altitude locations, annual rainfall is extremely low. This low status of precipitation has resulted in scanty vegetation, low organic content in the soil and loose structure in the cold desert. But large-scale plantation has been going in the district since 1955 and this state of affairs is likely to change. The ancient inhabitants of Ladakh were Dards, an Indo- Aryan race. Immigrants of Tibet, Skardo and nearby parts like Purang, Guge settled in Ladakh, whose racial characters and cultures were in consonance with early settlers. Buddhism traveled from central India to Tibet via Ladakh leaving its imprint in Ladakh. Islamic missionaries also made a peaceful penetration of Islam in the early 16 th century. German Moravian Missionaries having cognizance of East India Company also made inroads towards conversion but with little success. In the 10 th century AD, Skit Lde Nemagon, the ruler of Tibet, invaded Ladakh where there was no central authority. -
1 Conversion Factors
1 CONVERSION FACTORS Length 1 Inch 25.4 Millimeters 1 Mile 1.61 Kilometers 1 Millimeter 0.04 Inch 1 Centimeter 0.39370 Inch 1 Meter 1.094 Yards 1 Kilometer 0.62137 Miles 1 Yard 0.914 Meters 5 ½ Yards 1 Rod/Pole/Perch 22 Yards 1 Chain 20.17 Maters 1 Chain 220 Yards 1 Furlong 8 Furlong 1 Mile 8 Furlong 1.609 Kilometers 3 Miles 1 League Area 1 Marla 272 Sq. Feet 20 Marlas 1 Kanal 1 Acre 8 Kanal 1 Hectare 20 Kanal (Apox.) 1 Hectare 2.47105 Acre 1 Sq. Mile 2.5900 Sq. Kilometer 1 Sq. Mile 640 Acre 1 Sq. Mile 259 Hectares 1 Sq. Yard 0.84 Sq. Meter 1 Sq. Kilometer 0.3861 Sq. Mile 1 Sq. Kilometer 100 Hectares 1 Sq. Meter 1.196 Sq. Yards Capacity 1 Imperial Gallon 4.55 Litres 1 Litre 0.22 Imperial Gallon 2 Weight 1 Ounce (Oz) 28.3495 Grams 1 Pound 0.45359 Kilogram 1 Long Ton 1.01605 Metric Tone 1 Short Ton 0.907185 Metric Tone 1 Long Ton 2240 Pounds 1 Short Ton 2000 Pounds 1 Maund 82.2857 Pounds 1 Maund 0.037324 Metric Tone 1 Maund 0.3732 Quintal 1 Kilogram 2.204623 Pounds 1 Gram 0.0352740 Ounce 1 Gram 0.09 Tolas 1 Tola 11.664 Gram 1 Ton 1.06046 Metric Tone 1 Tonne 10.01605 Quintals 1 Meteric Tonne 0.984207 Tons 1 Metric Tonne 10 Quintals 1 Metric Ton 1000 Kilogram 1 Metric Ton 2204.63 Pounds 1 Metric Ton 26.792 Maunds (standard) 1 Hundredweight 0.508023 Quintals 1 Seer 0.933 Kiloram 1 Bale of Cotton (392 lbs.) 0.17781 Metric Tonne 1 Metric Tonne 5.6624 Bale of Cotton (392 lbs.) 1 Metric Tonne 5.5116 Bale of Jute (400 lbs.) 1 Quintals 100 Kilogram 1 Bale of jute (400 lbs.) 0.181436 Metric Volume 1 Cubic Yard 0.7646 Cubic Meter 1 Cubic Meter 1.3079 Cubic Yards 1 Cubic Meter 35.3147 Cubic Feet 1 Cubic Foot 0.028 Cubic Meter Temperature C/5 = (F-32) /9 3 District Leh at a Glance Sr. -
LEH (LADAKH) (NOTIONAL) I N E Population
JAMMU & KASHMIR DISTRICT LEH (LADAKH) (NOTIONAL) I N E Population..................................133487 T No. of Sub-Districts................... 3 H B A No of Statutory Towns.............. 1 No of Census Towns................. 2 I No of Villages............................ 112 C T NUBRA R D NUBRA C I S T T KHALSI R R H I N 800047D I A I LEH (LADAKH) KHALSI I C J Ñ !! P T ! Leh Ladakh (MC) Spituk (CT) Chemrey B ! K ! I Chuglamsar (CT) A NH 1A I R Rambirpur (Drass) nd us R iv E er G LEH (LADAKH) N I L T H I M A A C H A L P R BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL.................................. A D E S ,, STATE................................................... H ,, DISTRICT.............................................. ,, TAHSIL.................................................. HEADQUARTERS, DISTRICT, TAHSIL....................... RP VILLAGE HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE POPULATION Ladda WITH NAME................................................................. ! DEGREE COLLEGE.................................................... J ! URBAN AREA WITH POPULATION SIZE:- III, IV, VI. ! ! HOSPITAL................................................................... Ñ NATIONAL HIGHWAY................................................. NH 1A Note:- District Headquarters of Leh (Ladakh) is also tahsil headquarters of Leh (Ladakh) tahsil. RIVER AND STREAM................................................. JAMMU & KASHMIR TAHSIL LEH DISTRICT LEH (LADAKH) (NOTIONAL) Population..................................93961 I No of Statutory Towns.............. 1 N No of Census Towns................ -
Leh(Ladakh) District Primary
Census of India 2011 JAMMU & KASHMIR PART XII-B SERIES-02 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK LEH (LADAKH) VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS JAMMU & KASHMIR CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 JAMMU & KASHMIR SERIES-02 PART XII - B DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK LEH (LADAKH) VILLAGE AND TOWN WISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) Directorate of Census Operations JAMMU & KASHMIR MOTIF Pangong Lake Situated at a height of about 13,900 ft, the name Pangong is a derivative of the Tibetan word Banggong Co meaning "long, narrow, enchanted lake". One third of the lake is in India while the remaining two thirds lies in Tibet, which is controlled by China. Majority of the streams which fill the lake are located on the Tibetan side. Pangong Tso is about five hours drive from Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu & Kashmir. The route passes through beautiful Ladakh countryside, over Chang La, the third highest motorable mountain pass (5289 m) in the world. The first glimpse of the serene, bright blue waters and rocky lakeshore remains etched in the memory of tourists. There is a narrow ramp- like formation of land running into the lake which is also a favorite with tourists. During winter the lake freezes completely, despite being saline water. The salt water lake does not support vegetation or aquatic life except for some small crustaceans. However, there are lots of water birds. The lake acts as an important breeding ground for a large variety of migratory birds like Brahmani Ducks, are black necked cranes and Seagulls. One can also spot Ladakhi Marmots, the rodent-like creatures which can grow up to the size of a small dog. -
Tender (RFP) for Provision of Mobile Services in 354 Uncovered Villages As Part of Uncovered Villages Project
Tender (RFP) for Provision of Mobile Services in 354 Uncovered Villages as part of uncovered villages Project REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL Tender (RFP) for Provision of Mobile Services in 354 Uncovered Villages as part of uncovered villages Project Government of India Ministry of Communications Department of Telecommunications Universal Service Obligation Fund Room No. 1007, Sanchar Bhawan 20, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110 001, India P a g e 1 | 91 Tender (RFP) for Provision of Mobile Services in 354 Uncovered Villages as part of uncovered villages Project Table of Contents 1 Section-I: Detailed Notice Inviting E-Tender ................................................................................................ 5 2 SECTION – II: E-Tendering Instructions to Bidders ................................................................................... 10 3 Section-III: General Conditions ................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Scope of the Scheme ........................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Eligible Bidders: ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 Cost of Bidding .................................................................................................................................. -
District Profile
1 DISTRICT PROFILE . Although, Leh district is one of the largest districts of the country in terms of area, it has the lowest population density across the entire country. The district borders Pakistan occupied Kashmir and Chinese occupied Ladakh in the North and Northwest respectively, Tibet in the east and Lahoul-Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh in the South. The district of Leh forms the Northern tip of the Indian Sub Continent. According to the Geographical experts, the district has several other features, which make it unique when compared with other parts of the Indian Union. The district is the coldest and most elevated inhabited region in the country with altitude ranging from 2300 meters to 5000 meters. As a result of its high altitude locations, annual rainfall is extremely low. This low status of precipitation has resulted in scanty vegetation, low organic content in the soil and loose structure in the cold desert. But large-scale plantation has been going in the district since 1955 and this state of affairs is likely to change. The ancient inhabitants of Ladakh were Dards, an Indo- Aryan race. Immigrants of Tibet, Skardo and nearby parts like Purang, Guge settled in Ladakh, whose racial characters and cultures were in consonance with early settlers. Buddhism traveled from central India to Tibet via Ladakh leaving its imprint in Ladakh. Islamic missionaries also made a peaceful penetration of Islam in the early 16 th century. German Moravian Missionaries having cognizance of East India Company also made inroads towards conversion but with little success. In the 10 th century AD, Skit Lde Nemagon, the ruler of Tibet, invaded Ladakh where there was no central authority. -
Blocks I.E Leh Khaltsi, Kharu, Nyoma Durbuk, Panamic, Chuchot, Saspol and Disket
Block-wise break up of District Kargil is given as Under:- S.No. Bolck No. of Population Village Panchayat Modas As per 2001 Census 1 Kargil 22 20 75 40718 2 Drass(Sub-Division) 20 14 56 11662 3 Shakar-Chiktan 11 09 57 9606 4 Sankoo 19 13 96 16198 5 G.M. Pore Trespone 09 9716 6 Zanskar 25 09 91 10090 7 Lungnak 03 2079 8 Taisuru 17 09 34 8385 9 Shergole 15 09 52 10893 Total: 129 95 461 119307 LEH TOWN Leh as capital is the only town of the district. The population of the Town is 28639 souls as per census 2001. The people of the Town are mostly engaged in Agriculture (Vegetable production) besides Tourism. All the wards of the Town are connected with blacktop motorable road. The monestry of Sankar, Leh palace, which was build in the 17th century and Shanti stupa are the main tourist attracting places in the Town. In the Town for education there is one Degree college, one ITI center, 2 Higher Sec. Schools, 1 High school and 10 other education institutions run by the State government and numbers of private institution run by different NGOs and societies. and for Health there is one govt. hospital namely SNM hospital and Army GH Hospital and few other medical institution run by the State Govt. literacy rate of the town is 81.83% as per census 2001. LEH BLOCK Block Leh is the oldest block of the district, which was established in the year 1954. The block is comprised of 13 census/revenue villages which is divided into 10 panchayat Halqas for grass root development. -
Leh District
District Ground Water Information Brochure, Leh district GROUND WATER INFORMATION BROCHURE OF LEH DISTRICT JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE CONTENTS LEH DISTRICT AT AGLANCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 CLIMATE AND RAIN FALL 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOILS 4.0 GROUNDWATER SCENARIO 4.1 Geology 4.2 Hydrogeology 4.3 Springs and their discharges 4.4 Ground Water Resources 4.5 Ground Water Quality 4.6 Stage of Ground Water Development 5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 5.1 Ground Water Development 5.2 Snow Water Harvesting and Artificial Recharge 6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED PROBLEMS AND ISSUES 7.0 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY 8.0 AREAS NOTIFIED BY CGWA/SGWA 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 1 District Ground Water Information Brochure, Leh district LEH DISTRICT AT A GLANCE S.NO ITEMS Statistics 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (Reported area) in Sq.km 82665*Includes 37555 Sq.km (illegal occupation of China in Leh Dist.)=45110 Sq.Km ii) Administrative Divisions (2009-10) • Number of Tehsils & Sub-Tehsils (2011) 6 • Number of CD Blocks (2009-10) 9 • Number of Panchayats (2009-10) 93 • Number of Villages (2009-10) 114 • Number of Inhabited Villages (2001) 112 iii) Population (2011 Census) • Total population (2011) 147104 persons • Total Male and Female (2011) 92907 & 54197 • Population Density (persons/Sq.km) (2011) 3 • Population Growth Rate (2001-2011) 25.48% • Literacy rate (2011) 80.48% • Rural & Urban Population (2011) 57.04% & 42.96% • Buddhists, Islam, Hindus & Others (%) 2011 45.3%,41.8%,8.2%&4.7% • Sex Ratio (2011) 583 iv) Climate(2011) Cold Continental Arid Climate v) Average Annual Precipitation (2011) a)Snow fall in mm (2011) 150 mm b) Rainfall in mm(2011) 102(4.02’’) vi) Temperature o C( o F) (2011) -28(-18.4) to 33(91.4) vii) Harsh winter (2011) October to Early March 2. -
Vision 2050 for UT of Ladakh Content
Vision 2050 for UT of Ladakh Content Background & 1 Context Positioning Ladakh Key challenges Vision 2050 Approach towards Vision 2 Focus areas for 3 advancement Current assessment Development strategies Ladakh’s outlook in 2050 4 Achieving sustainable objectives Ladakh Background and Context DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF HILL AREAS IN INDIA BASED ON GOOD GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK LAGGING LEADING L A D A K H - NOW SOCIAL WELFARE & Captive employment skills and DEVELOPMENT opportunities HUMAN RESOURCE Reforms in education with local DEVELOPMENT requirements ~ 40% of population has no access INFRASTRUCTURE to available infrastructure Lack of sufficient healthcare PUBLIC HEALTH professionals and access to technology INDUSTRIES & Significant role of SME at household COMMERCE level Offsetting through imports to meet AGRICULTURE food demand 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Arunachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Meghalaya Nagaland Tripura Ladakh Assam Manipur Mizoram Sikkim Uttarakhand Ladakh Now Key Challenges • 70% of the food demand is met by imports • Agricultural income is dependent upon 0.2% of total land area • Seasonal tourism sector • Limited connectivity in • 36% deficit in Power seasons Supply • 54% settlements do not • No power supply for 30% have accessibility of the day options • ‘Digital Divide’ in telecom and IT • 38% deficit in drinking • High access to digital water supply services in Leh and • Limited access to piped Kargil cities water supply • Limited access to CSC in other settlements • 20% population has limited access to • 95% -
District Code Village Code 2001 NAME of STATE, DISTRICTS, SUB
State District Sub- Village Code NAME OF STATE, DISTRICTS, SUB-DISTTS. & VILLAGES Code Code District 2001 Code 01 00 0000 00000000 JAMMU & KASHMIR 01 01 0000 00000000 Kupwara 01 01 0001 00000000 Kupwara 01 01 0001 00000100 Bore 01 01 0001 00000200 Keran 01 01 0001 00000300 Bugna 01 01 0001 00000400 Bichwal 01 01 0001 00000500 Mindiyan 01 01 0001 00000600 Patrin 01 01 0001 00000700 Juma Gund 01 01 0001 00000800 Khantha Wali(Shalun Bhatta ) 01 01 0001 00000900 Har Duing 01 01 0001 00001000 Chunti Wari 01 01 0001 00001100 Dudi 01 01 0001 00001200 Dab Bal 01 01 0001 00001300 Misri Behak 01 01 0001 00001400 Mac Hal 01 01 0001 00001500 Push Wari 01 01 0001 00001600 Khurhama 01 01 0001 00001700 Sever Thendi Pora 01 01 0001 00001800 Warnow 01 01 0001 00001900 Tekiya Khurhama 01 01 0001 00002000 Kuhigam 01 01 0001 00002100 Maidan Pora 01 01 0001 00002200 Sayiwan 01 01 0001 00002300 Daramwari 01 01 0001 00002400 Dara Pora 01 01 0001 00002500 Lal Pora 01 01 0001 00002600 Redi Nag 01 01 0001 00002700 Dard Pora 01 01 0001 00002800 Muqam Shrif Dar 01 01 0001 00002900 Muqam Lolab 01 01 0001 00003000 Hayat Pora 01 01 0001 00003100 Rukh Gund Macher 01 01 0001 00003200 Thun Doosa 01 01 0001 00003300 Dever Inder Bug 01 01 0001 00003400 Teki Pora 01 01 0001 00003500 Drooch Wani 01 01 0001 00003600 Chandi Gam 01 01 0001 00003700 Chrali Gund 01 01 0001 00003800 Sogam 01 01 0001 00003900 Tung Check 01 01 0001 00004000 Gung Bug 01 01 0001 00004100 Krohsan 01 01 0001 00004200 Putushy 01 01 0001 00004300 Gagal 01 01 0001 00004400 Voora 01 01 0001 00004500 Sorigam 01 01 0001 00004600 Khanti Pora 01 01 0001 00004700 Doni Wari 01 01 0001 00004800 Cheeri Koot 01 01 0001 00004900 Gundi Jahangeer Page 1 of 130 State District Sub- Village Code NAME OF STATE, DISTRICTS, SUB-DISTTS. -
Jammu and Kashmi-R- Administrative Atlas
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 JAMMU AND KASHMI-R ADMINISTRATIVE ATLAS ...~ ..a "'"+,a "" .....- //8 at' ~ PEOPLE ORIE NTED TECHNICAL DIRECTION Dr. R. P. SINGH CONSULTANT (MAP) GENERAL DIRECTION DEVENDER KUMAR SIKRI, I.A.S. REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS COMMISSIONER, INDIA The maps included in this publication are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line (applicable to India map only). The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown in this publication are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but have yet to be verified (applicable to India map only). The state boundaries between Uttaranchal & Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh have not been verified by government concerned. © Government of India, Copyright 2005. Data Product Number 01-008-2001 - Cen-Atlas (ii) FOREWORD "Few people realize, much less appreciate, that apart from Sur~ey of India and Geological Survey, the Census of India has been pe'rhaps the largest single producer of maps of the Indian sub-continent" - this is an observation made by Dr. Ashok Mitra, an illustrious Census Commissioner of India in 1961. The statement sums up the contribution of CeIlS~ ,s 'C?rganisation which has been working in the field of mapping in the country. The Census Commissionarate of India has been working in the field of cartography and mapping since 1872. A major shift was witnessed during Census 1961 when the office had got a permanent footing.