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India: Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project

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India: Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 41946 November 2007 India: Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project Prepared by Coastal Gujarat Power Limited for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessary represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 October 2007) Currency Unit – rupee (Re/Rs) Re1.00 = $0.025371 $1.00 = Rs39.41 ABBREVIATIONS AAS – atomic absorption spectrophotometry ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biochemical oxygen demand Ca – calcium CaCO3 – calcium carbonates Cd – cadmium CESG – Corporate Environment and Social Group CGPL – Coastal Gujarat Power Limited Cl- – chloride COD – chemical oxygen demand CO – carbon monoxide Co – cobalt CO2 – carbon dioxide Cr – chromium Cu – copper DO – dissolved oxygen EIA – environmental impact assessment EME – environmental monitoring and evaluation F- – fluoride GLC – ground level concentration HC – hydrocarbon IS – Indian Standard ISCST – Industrial Source Complex Short Term Mg – magnesium MGR – merry-go-round Mn – manganese MOEF – Ministry of Environment and Forests MSEZ – Mundra Special Economic Zone NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards ND – not detectable Ni – nickel NOx – oxides of nitrogen Pb – lead pH – potential of hydrogen RPM – respirable particulate matter SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SO2 – sulfur dioxide SPM – suspended particulate matter TSP – total suspended particulates TSS – total suspended solids EPA – Environmental Protection Agency Zn – zinc WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – degree Celsius dB(A) – decibel acoustic GWh – gigawatt hour ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m3 – cubic meter m3/hr – cubic meters per hour mg/l – milligrams per liter m/s – meters per second MTPA – metric tons per annum MW – megawatt ppm – parts per million ppt – parts per thousand TPD – tons per day µg/m3 – microgram per cubic meter NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and its agencies ends on 31 March. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year starts, e.g., FY2007 ends on 31 March 2008. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAPS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 A. Project Facilities 2 B. Design and Construction 5 C. Power Plant Operations 6 D. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 6 E. Project Schedule and Contracts 7 F. Project Management and Operation 9 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 11 A. Physical Environment 11 B. Biological Environment 16 C. Sociocultural Environment 17 IV. ALTERNATIVES 18 A. With and Without Project Alternatives 18 B. Alternative Fuels 18 C. Alternative Project Locations 18 D. Alternative Cooling Systems 19 E. Design Alternatives for the Intake and Discharge Systems 19 F. Alternative Technologies 19 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 20 A. Physical Environment 20 B. Biological Environment 24 C. Sociocultural Environment 25 D. Induced Development 26 E. Cumulative Impacts 26 F. Impacts of Associated Facilities 26 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 27 A. Project Costs 27 B. Project Socioeconomic Benefits 27 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 27 A. Objectives and Scope of Environmental Management 27 B. Organization for Project Environmental Management 28 C. Mitigation Measures 28 D. Monitoring and Evaluation Program 28 E. Occupational Health and Safety Management 29 F. Afforestation Program 29 G. Ash Utilization Plan 29 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 29 IX. CONCLUSIONS 30 APPENDIXES 1. Methodology and Data for Ambient Air Quality for Each Season 32 2. Applicable Indian Air Quality Standards and World Bank Guidelines 36 3. Applicable Indian Noise Standards and World Bank Guidelines 38 4. Summary of Noise Monitoring Results 39 5. Productivity of Coastal Waters 41 6. Calculation of Emission Rates of the Power Plant 43 7. Results of Prediction of Ambient Air Quality for the Project 44 8. Results of Prediction of Ambient Air Quality for the Project and the Adani Power Project 48 9. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 52 10. Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Program 56 11. Occupational Health and Safety Management 59 12. Ash Utilization Plan 61 Map 1 o 75 00'E 85 o 00'E 70o 00’E HIMACHAL PRADESH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PUNJAB PAKISTAN UTTARAKHAND INDIA HARYANA ARUNCHAL DELHI NEPAL PRADESH SIKKIM BHUTAN MUNDRA ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECT UTTAR R A J A S T H A N PRADESH A S S A M B I H A R MEGHALAYA 25 o 00'N 25 o 00'N BANGLADESH JHARKHAND TRIPURA G U J A R A T National Capital M A D H Y A WEST MIZORAM P R A D E S H BENGAL Provincial Capital Gandhinagar CHHATTISGARH District Headquarters O R I S S A M A H A R A S H T R A Other Town Gulf of Cambay Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project Port A N D H R A National Highway P R A D E S H Provincial Road GOA B a y o f B e n g a l District Boundary KARNATAKA State Boundary A r a b i a n S e a International Boundary TAMIL NADU Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. o o 10 00'N KERALA 10 00'N SRI LANKA o 75 00'E 85 o 00'E 74o 00’E BANASKANTHA Deesa R A J A S T H A N Palanpur Sihori 24o 00'N 24o 00'N Radhanpur Patan P A T A N K A C H C H H Santalpur Mahesana Adesar Himmatinagar MAHESANA SABARKANTHA Bhuj Samakhiali Kandla GANDHINAGAR SURENDRANAGAR Gandhinagar N Malla H DAHOD 8 MUMPP A Ahmedabad PANCH Mandvi Morbi KHEDA Surendranagar AHMEDABAD MAHAL Mundra Dahod Nadhad G U J A R A T Godhra Gulf of Kachchh Wankaner NH8A Jamnagar RAJKOT Anand Bamanbore Dwarka Rajkot ANAND JAMNAGAR DHANDHUKA Vadodara VADODARA Gondai Ranavay Upleta Jetpur Rajpipla Porbandar Dhovaji Bhavnagar BHARUCH Amreli NARMADA Kuyiyana Bhavnagar Bharuch PORBANDAR Junagadh BHAVNAGAR AMRELI JUNAGARH Surat S U R A T o Mahuva o 21 00'N Pipavav 21 00'N Veraval Jafrabad Gulf of Cambay Navasari N THE DANGA NAVSAR Ahwa Valsad 0 50 100 DAMAN VALSAD Kilometers A r a b i a n S e a MAHARASHTRA 70o 00’E 74o 00’E 07-3573a HR I N D I A MUNDRA ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECT dagara to Kan to Nanabhadia Tunda Village Adani Power Plant Ash Disposal Area Main Plant Colony Area Pumping Station l Wandh e n Inta g n Village lin a ke o h Ch o C c e ann re rg P a el h c 20 Proposed Bridge is 0 D m m 0 End Weir 10 Modification of Mudhwa Creek/Sea Base width 60 m Total Length 2.5 km Modification of Kotdi Creek/Channel in Sea Base width 100 m Total Length 3.0 km N 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 G u l f o f K u t c h Kilometers Road Railway Channel Creek Land Aquisition Limit Perimeter Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. 0 7 Coal Berth at M - 3 5 Mundra Port a 7 3 p c H 2 R Map 3 I N D I A MUNDRA ULTRA MEGA POWER PROJECT dagara to Kan Tunda to Nanabhadia Village Ash Disposal Area Main Plant Colony Area Plant Area Pumping Station Wandh Village l e g n Int n n ake li a o h Ch o C an c e ne re rg P a l h 1.9 km c is 3 km D N 200 Proposed Bridge m End Weir m 0 10 3 km 3.5 km Modification of Mudhwa Creek/Sea Base width 60 m Total Length of discharge system = 4.9 km Modification of Kotdi Road Creek/Channel in Sea Base width 100 m Road inside Plant Total Length of input system = 6.5 km Channel Creek G u l f o f K u t c h Land Aquisition Limit Perimeter Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. 07-3573b HR I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project (the Project) is developed by Coastal Gujarat Power Limited (CGPL)1 in response to the plan of the Government of India (the Government) to increase the electricity production capacity of the country by 100,000 megawatts (MW) by the year 2012. To achieve economies of scale, the Government prefers large-scale projects that can meet the requirements of a number of states. The Project, awarded to CGPL on a build, own, and operate basis, is a supercritical coal-fired power plant with a total capacity of 4,000 MW. Various packages are currently at the bidding stage, and the Project is scheduled for full commercial operation in June 2012. 2. The Project is located in a coastal area of Mundra Taluka,2 in Kutch3 District of Gujarat State. Map 1 shows the project location. The project area covers 1,254 hectares (ha) of vacant land near the villages of Tunda and Wandh, including 202 ha of right of way outside the project boundary, and is about 2 km from the first-phase development area of the Mundra Special Economic Zone (MSEZ), where a 660 MW power plant project, the Adani Power Project, is being implemented by Adani Power Limited. The project area is about 1.5 kilometers (km) from the sea, with a portion of the MSEZ intervening between the sea and the project area. Map 2 shows the project area in more detail, with the location of the power plant. For logistics and accessibility, the Project relies on (i) Mundra Port (about 25 km from the project site); (ii) state highway SH-6 (about 6 km) connecting Mundra and Mandvi; (iii) national highway extension NH 8A (about 15 km), connecting Gandhidham and Anjar with Mandvi; (iv) Adipur railway station (85 km); and (v) Bhuj airport (75 km).
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