ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) PARA COLOMBIA CON LA DESCRIPCIÓN DE DOS NUEVAS ESPECIES, Neoneura Barrameja Sp

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ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) PARA COLOMBIA CON LA DESCRIPCIÓN DE DOS NUEVAS ESPECIES, Neoneura Barrameja Sp REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA Y ÁREAS DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA FAMILIA PROTONEURIDAE (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) PARA COLOMBIA CON LA DESCRIPCIÓN DE DOS NUEVAS ESPECIES, Neoneura barrameja sp. nov., Epipleoneura leucochlora sp. nov. Y CINCO NUEVOS REGISTROS. EDWIN A. USSA C 1. EMILIO A. REALPE1,2. 1. Laboratorio de zoología y ecología acuática –LAZOEA-, Universidad de los Andes Cra 1 Nº 18A- 12 Bogotá, Colombia ([email protected]) 2. [email protected] Tabla de contenido Resumen. ................................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract. .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introducción. ........................................................................................................................... 3 Materiales y métodos .............................................................................................................. 5 Resultados ............................................................................................................................... 8 Lista de especies de la Familia Protoneuridae para Colombia. .......................................... 8 Descripción de las dos nuevas especies de la Familia Protoneuridae para Colombia. ..... 10 Neoneura barrameja sp. nov. Ussa & Arango (En prensa) .......................................... 10 Epipleoneura leucochlora sp. nov. Ussa & Realpe ...................................................... 18 Clave dicotómica para la identificación de las especies de la familia Protoneuridae presentes en Colombia. ..................................................................................................... 23 Clave para machos del género Drepanoneura presentes en Colombia. ........................ 23 Claves para machos del género Epipleoneura presentes en Colombia. ........................ 24 Claves para machos del género Neoneura presentes en Colombia. .............................. 26 Claves para machos del género Proneura presentes en Colombia. .............................. 27 Claves para machos del género Psaironeura presentes en Colombia. .......................... 27 Diagnosis morfológica y distribución geográfica de cada una de las especies de la familia Protoneuridae presentes en Colombia. .............................................................................. 29 Drepanoneura Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008 ............................................................... 29 Drepanoneura flinti Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008 ....................................................... 29 1 Drepanoneura donellyi Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008................................................. 30 Epipleoneura Williamson, 1915 ....................................................................................... 33 Epipleoneura metallica Rácenis, 1955 ......................................................................... 33 Epipleoneura leucochlora sp. nov. Ussa & Realpe ...................................................... 34 Epipleoneura spatulata Rácenis, 1960 ......................................................................... 34 Epipleoneura venezuelensis Rácenis, 1955 ................................................................... 35 Neoneura Selys, 1860 ....................................................................................................... 38 Neoneura amelia Calvert, 1903 .................................................................................... 38 Neoneura barrameja sp. nov. Ussa y Arango (En prensa) ........................................... 39 Neoneura bilinearis Selys-Longchamps, 1860 .......................................................... 39 Neoneura desana Machado, 1989 ................................................................................. 40 Neoneura esthera Williamson, 1917 ............................................................................. 40 Neoneura myrthea Williamson, 1917 ........................................................................... 40 Neoneura rufithorax Selys-Longchamps, 1886 ............................................................ 41 Neoneura sylvatica Hagen in Selys-Longchamps, 1886 ............................................... 41 Proneura Selys-Longchamps, 1889 ................................................................................. 44 Proneura prolongata Selys-Longchamps, 1889 ........................................................... 44 Psaironeura Williamson, 1915 ......................................................................................... 47 Psaironeura remissa (Calvert, 1903) ............................................................................ 47 Psaironeura tenuissima (Selys-Longchamps, 1886) .................................................... 48 Agradecimientos ................................................................................................................... 51 Bibliografía ........................................................................................................................... 51 2 Resumen. Se realiza una revisión general de la familia Protoneuridae para el país, estableciendo las áreas de distribución, realizando una clave taxonómica para la identificación de las especies de la región, haciendo la descripción de Neoneura barrameja sp. nov. Epipleoneura leucochlora sp. nov. y la adición de cinco nuevos registros a la lista de especies conocidos de Colombia publicada por Pérez y Palacino (2011), Protoneura tenuis Selys-Longchamps, 1860, Protoneura woytkowskii Gloyd, 1939, Neoneura desana Machado, 1989, Epipleoneura venezuelensis Racenis, 1955, E. spatulata Racenis, 1960. En el caso del género Protoneura la elaboración de claves taxonómicas y diagnosis no fue posible dado el bajo número de ejemplares encontrados en las colecciones entomológicas y salidas de campo. Abstract. Make a general review of the family Protoneuridae to the country, establishing distribution areas, making a taxonomic key region for species identification, making the description of Neoneura barrameja sp. nov. Epipleoneura leucochlora sp. nov. and the addition of five new reports to the list of species known from Colombia published by Perez and Palacino (2011), Protoneura tenuis Selys-Longchamps, 1860, Protoneura woytkowskii Gloyd, 1939, Neoneura desana Machado, 1989, Epipleoneura venezuelensis Racenis, 1955, E. spatulata Racenis, 1960. In the case of genera Protoneura the development of taxonomic keys and diagnosis was not possible given the small number of specimens found in entomological collections and field trips. Palabras claves: Zygoptera, Protoneuridae, Taxonomía, Distribución, sp. nov. Introducción. Protoneuridae es una familia pantropical que comprende a un grupo muy diverso de zigópteros los cuales se han diversificado principalmente en las regiones tropicales del mundo (Trapero, Torres, & González, 2005). Esta familia está compuesta por 25 géneros y alrededor de 260 especies a nivel mundial (Pessacq, 2008); sin embargo, para el nuevo mundo cuenta con 16 géneros y 114 especies (Garrison, 2009). Para el caso concreto de 3 Colombia se reportan hasta el momento únicamente 11 especies de la familia Protoneuridae (Pérez y Palacino, 2011). Los protoneuridos son de tamaño relativamente pequeño (30 a 35 mm de longitud), que se caracterizan por tener un cuerpo menudo, las patas finas y el abdomen extremadamente delgado en el caso de los machos y un poco más grueso en las hembras (Esquivel, 1997). Los machos de muchas especies exhiben coloraciones, rojizas, amarillas, anaranjadas, o visos metálicos (azul-verdoso) en la cabeza, tórax o abdomen. La familia muestra una fuerte tendencia a la reducción de la venación alar, presentando dos venas antenodales y la R4+5 originándose más cerca del nódulo que del árculo, el pterostigma en las cuatro alas está constituido por una sola celda y el cuadrángulo presenta el lado anterior y posterior casi iguales en longitud generando una celda discoidal- rectangular (Förster, 2001), excepto en Neoneura jurzitzai Garrison, 1999, la vena cubito anal (CuA) generalmente esta reducida a una sola celda o aparentemente ausente, completamente fusionada con el margen del ala (Garrison, Ellenrieder, & Louton, 2010). Los individuos de la familia Protoneuridae habitan principalmente ambientes lóticos de escasas dimensiones y con abundante vegetación riparia, siendo en general crípticos por sus hábitos de vuelo, tamaño y coloración (Pessacq, 2008). Las anteriores son algunas de las razones que explican el bajo número de ejemplares depositados en colecciones y museos entomológicos. Así mismo, la identificación de las especies presentes en Colombia es en algunos casos imposible con la bibliografía disponible, dado que, un gran número de descripciones originales son breves y de difícil acceso, a excepción de algunos géneros como Drepanoneura y Neoneura que cuentan con revisiones y descripciones detalladas o recientes. Por otra parte, el material tipo de casi todas las especies no se encuentra disponible para consulta en el país dificultando aún más la identificación por comparación. 4 Por lo anterior y teniendo en cuenta la marcada heterogeneidad de los ecosistemas colombianos y los grandes retos de conservación, con el fin de conocer la diversidad de especies, su distribución y la relación con el ambiente en que habitan, el presente trabajo propone contribuir al conocimiento de la odonatofauna, realizando una
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