Jin Dynasty 265 CE – 420 CE The first of the two periods, the Western Jìn Dynasty (ch: 西 晉, 265–316), was founded by Emperor Wu, better known as Sima Yan. Remnants of the Jìn court fled from the north to the south and reestablished at Jiankang, south-east of Luoyang and Chang'an and near modern-day Nanjing, under the Prince of Langye. Prominent local families of Zhu, Tang Dynasty Gan, Lu, Gu and Zhou supported the proclamation of 618 CE – 907 CE Prince of Langye as Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jìn Dynasty he Tang Dynasty, with its capital at Chang'an (present-day Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Xi'an), the most populous city in the world at the time, is 907 CE – 960 CE 16 Kingdoms generally regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization— During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one 304 CE – 439 CE equal to, or surpassing that of, the earlier Han Dynasty—a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. another in the north, and more than 12 independent states The Sixteen Kingdoms were a collection of numerous short- were established, mainly in the south. However, only ten are lived sovereign states in China proper and neighboring traditionally listed, hence the era's name, "Ten Kingdoms." areas from 304 to 439 AD after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty Yuan Dynasty (265-420) to South China and before the establishment of 1271 CE – 1368 CE the Northern Dynasties. The Sixteen Kingdoms Period, also Although the dynasty was established by Kublai Khan, he known as the Wu Hu period, was one of the most Republic of China Qin Dynasty devastating periods in Chinese history. had his grandfather Genghis Khan placed on the official 1912 CE – 1949 CE 221 BCE – 206 BCE record as the founder of the dynasty or Taizu (Chinese: 太 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors 祖). Besides Emperor of China, Kublai Khan had also Since the republic's founding, it experienced many Qin Dynasty achieved increased trade, improved Southern and Northern Dynasties Liao Dynasty tribulations as it was dominated by numerous warlords and 3500 BCE – 2000 BCE agriculture, and military security. They abolished claimed the title of Great Khan, i.e. supremacy over the other 420 CE – 589 CE 907 CE – 1125 CE fragmented by foreign powers. In 1928, the republic was landowning lords, to whom peasants had formerly held Mongol khanates (Chagatai Khanate, Golden Horde, The Three Sovereigns, sometimes known as the Three Xia Dynasty An age of civil war and political disunity. However it was The Liao Dynasty, 907-1125, also known as the Khitan unified under the Kuomintang (KMT), and was in early allegiance. The central government now had direct control Ilkhanate) August Ones, were said to be god-kings who used their also a time of flourishing in the arts and culture, Empire, was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the stages of industrialization and modernization when it was 2100 BCE – 1600 BCE of the masses. magical powers to improve the lives of their people. Because advancement in technology, and the spread of foreign regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern caught in the conflicts between the KMT government, the Shang Dynasty Ming Dynasty of their virtue, they lived to a great age and ruled over a The first dynasty to be described in ancient historical Mahayana Buddhism and native Daoism. China proper. Communist Party, remnant warlords, and Japan. period of great peace. The Three Sovereigns are ascribed chronicles such as Records of the Grand Historian and 1600 BCE – 1046 BCE 1368 CE – 1644 CE various identities in different historical texts. The Yellow Bamboo Annals. Zhou Dynasty Sui Dynasty Song Dynasty Qing Dynasty People's Republic of China Emperor is supposedly the ancestor of all Huaxia people. Information about the Shang Dynasty comes from Han Dynsaty Ming rule saw the construction of a vast navy and a standing inscriptions on bronze artifacts and oracle bones—turtle army of one million troops. The tributary fleet under the 1045 BCE – 256 BCE 206 BCE – 220 CE 581 CE – 618 CE 980 CE – 1279 CE 1644 CE – 1912 CE 1949 CE – 2011 CE shells, cattle scapulae or bones on which were written the Muslim eunuch admiral Zheng in the 15th century first Chinese characters. The Zhou Dynasty (1045-256 BC) The Zhou dynasty lasted The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled Three Kingdoms The Sui Dynasty, founded by Sui Wendi, or Yang Jian, held It was the first government in world history to issue surpassed all others. There were enormous construction The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro Following the Chinese Civil War and the victory of Mao longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history. its capital at Luoyang. It was marked by the reunification of banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese in what is today northeast China (also known as Manchuria). Zedong's Communist forces over the Kuomintang forces of by the central government, known as commanderies, and 220 CE – 280 CE projects: the restoration of the Grand Canal and the Great semi-autonomous kingdoms. The Han Dynasty was an age Southern and Northern China and the construction of the government to establish a permanent standing navy. This Wall and the establishment of the Forbidden City Starting in 1644 it expanded into China proper and its Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, who fled to Taiwan, Mao During the Zhou Dynasty, the greatest Chinese philosophers of economic prosperity and saw a significant growth of the The three kingdoms were Wei (魏), Shu (蜀), and Wu (吳). Grand Canal, though it was a relatively short Chinese dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great declared the founding of the People's Republic of China on were Confucius, founder of Confucianism, and Laozi, money economy first established during the Zhou Dynasty The Three Kingdoms period was one of the bloodiest in dynasty. as first discernment of true north using a compass. Qing October 1, 1949. Mao's first goal was a total overhaul of the founder of Taoism. Chinese history. land ownership system, and extensive land reforms.

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