Where in the World? Strikes Worldwide: Post-visit

Overview In this lesson, students will finalize their maps with all 28 documented terrorist attacks presented at the CELL. Using their maps and knowledge gained from the previous two lessons, students will hypothesize about the future of terrorist attacks.

Age Group Grades 9-12, College Level

CO Grade Level Expectations/HS Social Studies Standards Geography 1 Use different types of maps and geographic tools to analyze features on Earth to investigate and solve geographic questions. 2 Explain and interpret geographic variables that influence the interaction of people, places, and environments.

History 1 The historical method of inquiry to ask questions, evaluate primary and secondary sources, critically analyze and interpret data, and develop interpretations defended by evidence from a variety of primary and secondary sources. 2 Analyze the key concepts of continuity and change, cause and effect, complexity, unity and diversity over time.

Common Core Standards (Grades 11-12) Writing 9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Reading 9 Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea

Length of Lesson 50 minutes

Rationale Students will expand and utilize their knowledge of terrorist attacks in the world geographically and historically to develop a more detailed understanding of present terrorist issues and formulate theories on the future of terrorism.

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Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students will be better able to: • Modify their maps to include 28 terrorist attacks in the world • Analyze the impact of terrorist attacks on the people, government, and land • Hypothesize about the future of terrorist attacks using information gathered in the previous two lessons

Materials • Handout 4: World Map (from previous lesson) • Colored pencils or crayons • Worksheet 3: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide Chart • Teacher Reference 1: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide

Included: • Handout 4: World Map • Teacher Reference 1: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide

Lesson 1. Review student answers to the Terrorism Strikes Worldwide map and chart. a. As students share the attacks that they labeled, use a blank world map on the board to keep track. b. If students were not required to identify and label all 28 countries: i. Have students mark terrorism attacks on their map that are shared by their classmates. • Use the exhibit guide to ensure that all 28 countries are labeled. ii. Print out each terrorist attack from the Teacher Reference on a separate sheet of paper and place around the room. • Have students do a “gallery” walk to complete their map and/or chart.

2. Engage students in a discussion or writing assignment that addresses any number of the following questions: c. What is the impact of terrorist attacks on the people, government, and land? d. What does the future hold for terrorist attacks? i. Will they continue? Everywhere or in certain regions? ii. Will they ever stop? Why or why not? e. Why are some regions more susceptible to terrorist attacks than others?

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Teacher Reference 1: Post-visit

[Attack 1: PIRA – Birmingham Pub Bombings] Location Date Group Aims United Kingdom - Birmingham, November 21, Provisional Irish To unite all of the Republic of England 1974 Republican Army Ireland and Northern Ireland into (PIRA) one Irish state independent of Great Britain.

Target What Happened? Classification British youth frequenting two pop- Timed explosives were detonated, Nationalist, Religious ular pubs, the “Mulberry Bush” killing 19 and injuring over 180. and “Tavern in the Town”

[Attack 2: ETA – Hipercor Bombing] Location Date Group Aims - June 19, 1987 Euskadi Ta To establish the Basque Country Askatasuna (ETA) (Euskal Herria) as an independent “Basque state from Spain. Homeland and Freedom”

Target What Happened? Classification Hipercor, a crowded department A car bomb was detonated in the Nationalist, Left-wing store in central Barcelona underground parking garage, killing 21 and injuring 45.

[Attack 3: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Lufthansa Hijacking] Location Date Group Aims Somalia -Mogadishu October 13, 1977 Popular Front for An armed socialist revolution the Liberation of against West Germany and Palestine (PFLP) its allies

Target What Happened? Classification Lufthansa Flight 181, flying from Four terrorists hijacked the flight Left-wing, Nationalist Mallorca, Spain to Frankfurt, demanding money and the release of Germany with 91 passengers and other RAF members; the captain of the crew plane was executed.

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[Attack 4: Al-Qaeda – 9/11] Location Date Group Aims - New York, Virginia, September 11, Al-Qaeda To eliminate foreign influence in and Pennsylvania 2001 Muslim countries and create a global Islamic caliphate

Target What Happened? Classification An American financial center and Nineteen suicide terrorists hijacked four Religious government buildings commercial airlines. Two planes were flown into the World Trade Center and one into the Pentagon. The fourth airlin- er crashed in Pennsylvania. 2,973 were killed and 24 remain unidentified.

[Attack 5: Tamil Tigers – Kebothigollewa ] Location Date Group Aims Sri Lanka - Kebothigollewa June 15, 2006 Liberation Tigers To secure a separate Tamil state in of Tamil Eelam Sri Lanka’s northern and eastern (LTTE) aka The provinces Tamil Tigers

Target What Happened? Classification Commercial passenger bus An anti-personnel mine was detonated, Nationalist killing 68 and injuring 60.

[Attack 6: Abu Sayyaf – SuperFerry 14 Bombing] Location Date Group Aims Philippines -Manila February 27, 2004 Abu Sayyaf To create a pan-Islamist state across southeast-Asia

Target What Happened? Classification SuperFerry 14, a passenger ferry A television set filled with dynamite Religious, Nationalist in Manila harbor carrying more was detonated, killing 116. than 900 passengers

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[Attack 7: Jemaah Islamiyah – Bali Bombing] Location Date Group Aims Indonesia - Bali October 12, 2002 Jemaah Islamiyah To establish an Islamist state “Islamic across southeast Asia Community”

Target What Happened? Classification “Paddy’s Bar” and the “Sari Several bombs were detonated killing Religious Club,” two popular nightclubs in a 202 and injuring 209. tourist district, filled mainly with Western tourists and vacationers

[Attack 8: Black September – 1972 Munich Olympics] Location Date Group Aims West Germany - Munich September 5-6, Black September, To support armed Palestinian 1972 a faction of the groups through violent conflict Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

Target What Happened? Classification The Israeli Olympic team, housed Black September captured members Left-wing, Nationalist at the Olympic Village in Munich of the Israeli team. Twelve were killed, including one German police officer. Five of the 8 terrorists were killed during a rescue attempt.

[Attack 10: – U.S. Embassy Bombing] Location Date Group Aims - Beirut April 18, 1983 Hezbollah – To destroy and establish an “Party of God” Islamist state in Lebanon

Target What Happened? Classification U.S. Embassy in Beirut A suicide bomber detonated a van Religious killing 63.

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[Attack 11: Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade – Tel Aviv Bus Station Bombing] Location Date Group Aims Israel - Tel Aviv January 5, 2003 Al-Aqsa Martyrs To replace Israel with a Palestinian Brigade state with as its capital

Target What Happened? Classification A pedestrian mall packed with Two suicide bombers struck, killing 23 Nationalist shoppers and workers returning and wounding 120. home to work near Tel Aviv’s old central bus station

Attack 12: Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya – Tourist Luxor Attack] Location Date Group Aims Egypt - Luxor November 17, Al-Aqsa Martyrs To replace Egypt’s secular 1997 Brigade government with an Islamist state

Target What Happened? Classification Tourists visiting Egypt’s Luxor Terrorists fired into crowds of tourists, Religious temple site killing 62 and wounding 24. Victims included Swiss, Germans, and Japanese.

[Attack 13: Chechen Separatists – Moscow Theater Siege] Location Date Group Aims Russia – Moscow October 23, 2002 Movsar Baryayev To establish an independent Gang (Chechen Chechnyan state from Russia separatists)

Target What Happened? Classification Sold out performance at a Dozens of Chechen terrorists seized Nationalist, Religious Moscow theater in the 900 hostages. At least 129 hostages Dubrovka area were killed and more than 700 were injured. Russian forces stormed the building, killing 33 terrorists.

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[Attack 14: Aum Shinrikyo – Tokyo Sarin Gas Attack] Location Date Group Aims Japan - Tokyo March 20, 1995 Aum Shinrikyo- To overthrow Japan’s government “Religion of and its civil institutions Truth”

Target What Happened? Classification Five trains of the Tokyo subway Sarin nerve gas was released killing Religious system carrying morning 12 and injuring 54. More than 1,000 commuters suffered vision problems.

[Attack 15: Guardians of the Islamic Revolution – Lockerbie Bombing] Location Date Group Aims Scotland – Lockerbie December 21, Guardians of the To take revenge for U.S. air strikes 1988 Islamic Revolution against Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya (sponsored by Libya)

Target What Happened? Classification Pan Am Flight 103 from London to An explosive detonated, crashing the Religious New York plane and killing 270, including 11 on the ground.

[Attack 16: Train Bombings] Location Date Group Aims Spain – Madrid March 11, 2004 Abu Hafs al-Masri To influence public opinion and the Brigade (Al-Qaeda Spanish elections and facilitate affiliate) the withdrawal of Spanish troops from Iraq

Target What Happened? Classification Four packed commuter trains in Ten bombs were exploded within Religious, Political the Spanish capital minutes of each other, killing 191 and injuring 2,050.

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[Attack 17: Chechen Separatists – Beslan School Siege] Location Date Group Aims Russia - Beslan September 1, 2004 Riyad us-Saliheyn To establish an independent Martyrs’ Brigade Chechnyan state from Russia (Chechen separatists)

Target What Happened? Classification School Number One, Beslan More than thirty armed terrorists took Nationalist, Religious 1,200 children and adults hostage. 396 were killed and more than 700 were injured.

[Attack 18: London Bombings] Location Date Group Aims United Kingdom - London July 7, 2005 Abu Hafs al-Masri To influence British public opinion Brigade (Al-Qaeda and cause the withdrawal of their affiliate) troops from Afghanistan and Iraq

Target What Happened? Classification Morning commuters on three Four bombers attacked, killing 52 and Religious Underground trains and a injuring approximately 700. double-decker bus in central London

[Attack 19: Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement – Lima Hostage Taking] Location Date Group Aims Peru - Lima December 17, Túpac Amaru To establish a communist 1996 – April 22, Revolutionary government and rid Peru of 1997 Movement perceived imperialist elements

Target What Happened? Classification Fourteen terrorists took One civilian, two commandos and all of Left-wing hundreds hostage. After months the MRTA militants were killed. of unsuccessful negotiations, Peruvian commandos stormed the embassy.

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[Attack 20: McVeigh and Nichols – Oklahoma City Bombing] Location Date Group Aims United States - Oklahoma City April 19, 1995 Timothy McVeigh To avenge the U.S. government and for its handling of the Waco, Texas and Ruby Ridge, Idaho incidents

Target What Happened? Classification Nine-story Alfred P. Murrah A bomb was detonated, killing 168 and Right-wing Federal Building, a U.S. injuring more than 800. government office complex

[Attack 21: Al-Qaeda in the Land of the Two Rivers – Violence in Iraq] Location Date Group Aims Iraq - Throughout the country; 2004 onwards Al-Qaeda To overthrow the Iraqi concentrated in the center and Organization in government and establish al-Anbar Province the Land of the an Islamist state Two Rivers

Target What Happened? Classification Shi’ites, Sunnis, Kurds and More than 19,500 Iraqi civilians have Religious internationals working for been killed in shootings, bombings, a democratic Iraq RPG attacks, guerrilla attacks, suicide bombings and beheadings.

[Attack 22: PLO – Khartoum Diplomatic Assassinations] Location Date Group Aims Sudan - Khartoum March 1, 1973 Black September, To support armed Palestinian a faction of the groups through violent conflict; Palestine Libera- to gain the release of Sirhan tion Organization Bishara Sirhan, the assassin of (PLO) Robert Kennedy, and members of the Baader-Meinhof Group held in Germany

Target What Happened? Classification A function at the Saudi Arabian Stormed by eight terrorists, the U.S. Left-wing, Nationalist Embassy in Khartoum Chief and Deputy Chief to the Mission of Sudan were killed along with the Belgian chargé d’affaires. The terrorists eventually surrendered and were freed to the PLO.

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[Attack 23: – Passover Massacre] Location Date Group Aims Israel - March 27, 2002 Hamas - “Islamic To replace the state of Israel with Resistance an Islamic Palestinian state Movement”

Target What Happened? Classification The Park Hotel’s Passover dinner; A Palestinian suicide bomber detonated Religious, Nationalist attended by over 250 Jewish an explosive device in a suitcase, killing guests 30 and injuring more than 140.

[Attack 24: Babbar Khalsa – Air India Bombings] Location Date Group Aims Atlantic Ocean (south of Ireland) June 23, 1985 Babba Khalsa To create an independent Sikh state from India

Target What Happened? Classification Passengers onboard Air India Members of the Sikh terrorist group Religious, Nationalist Flight 182 placed on board a bomb which exploded, killing all 329 passengers and crew

[Attack 25: Kach – Jewish Extremist Violence] Location Date Group Aims The mosque at the Cave of the February 25, 1994 Kach To restore the Biblical land of Patriarchs in Hebron, Israel Israel by annexing all the disputed territories of Israel and forcibly removing all Arabs

Target What Happened? Classification Palestinian worshippers An American-born Israeli and Religious, Nationalist supporter of Kach entered the mosque and opened fire, killing 29, injuring 125, and then was beaten to death

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[Attack 26: Red Army Faction/Baader-Meinhof Group – Newspaper Bombing] Location Date Group Aims Germany – Hamburg May 19, 1972 Red Army An armed socialist revolution Faction/ against West Germany and its Baader-Meinhof allies Group

Target What Happened? Classification Axel Springer, a large German Three bombs were detonated within Left-wing publishing company critical of the the building, injuring 17 people socialist agenda

[Attack 27: Lone Wolf; Eric Rudolph – 1996 Bombing of the Summer Olympics] Location Date Group Aims United States – Atlanta, July 26, 1996 Eric Rudolph/ Anti- Activist Lone Wolf

Target What Happened? Classification Community celebrations occurring A pipe-bomb was detonated in Cen- Right-wing in Centennial Park during the 1996 tennial Park during the 1996 Summer Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Olympics. The explosion killed Alice Hawthorne, and injured 110 others including Alice’s daughter, Fallon.

[Attack 28: Deccan Mujahideen – 2008 Attacks in Mumbai India] Location Date Group Aims India – Mumbai November 26 - 29, Deccan To restore Islamic rule in India, 2008 Mujahideen and unify all Muslim majority (affiliated with regions in the countries Lashkar-e-Taiba) surrounding Pakistan.

Target What Happened? Classification Over a dozen public places, Armed gunmen launched coordinated Religious including two five-star hotels, attacks over three days, killing at least a train station, a hospital, and a 183 people and injuring more than 300. Jewish center.

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