WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT OVERVIEW In this lesson, students will finalize their maps with all 28 documented terrorist attacks presented at the CELL. Using their maps and knowledge gained from the previous two lessons, students will hypothesize about the future of terrorist attacks. AGE GROUP Grades 9-12, College Level CO GRADE LEVEL EXPECTATIONS/HS SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS GEOGRAPHY 1 Use different types of maps and geographic tools to analyze features on Earth to investigate and solve geographic questions. 2 Explain and interpret geographic variables that influence the interaction of people, places, and environments. HISTORY 1 The historical method of inquiry to ask questions, evaluate primary and secondary sources, critically analyze and interpret data, and develop interpretations defended by evidence from a variety of primary and secondary sources. 2 Analyze the key concepts of continuity and change, cause and effect, complexity, unity and diversity over time. COMMON CORE STANDARDS (GRADES 11-12) WRITING 9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. READING 9 Integrate information from diverse sources, both primary and secondary, into a coherent understanding of an idea LENGTH OF LESSON 50 minutes RATIONALE Students will expand and utilize their knowledge of terrorist attacks in the world geographically and historically to develop a more detailed understanding of present terrorist issues and formulate theories on the future of terrorism. 1 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this lesson, students will be better able to: • Modify their maps to include 28 terrorist attacks in the world • Analyze the impact of terrorist attacks on the people, government, and land • Hypothesize about the future of terrorist attacks using information gathered in the previous two lessons MATERIALS • Handout 4: World Map (from previous lesson) • Colored pencils or crayons • Worksheet 3: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide Chart • Teacher Reference 1: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide Included: • Handout 4: World Map • Teacher Reference 1: Terrorism Strikes Worldwide LESSON 1. Review student answers to the Terrorism Strikes Worldwide map and chart. a. As students share the attacks that they labeled, use a blank world map on the board to keep track. b. If students were not required to identify and label all 28 countries: i. Have students mark terrorism attacks on their map that are shared by their classmates. • Use the exhibit guide to ensure that all 28 countries are labeled. ii. Print out each terrorist attack from the Teacher Reference on a separate sheet of paper and place around the room. • Have students do a “gallery” walk to complete their map and/or chart. 2. Engage students in a discussion or writing assignment that addresses any number of the following questions: c. What is the impact of terrorist attacks on the people, government, and land? d. What does the future hold for terrorist attacks? i. Will they continue? Everywhere or in certain regions? ii. Will they ever stop? Why or why not? e. Why are some regions more susceptible to terrorist attacks than others? 2 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT TEACHER REFERENCE 1: POST-VISIT [ATTACK 1: PIRA – BIRMINGHAM PUB BOMBINGS] Location Date Group Aims United Kingdom - Birmingham, November 21, Provisional Irish To unite all of the Republic of England 1974 Republican Army Ireland and Northern Ireland into (PIRA) one Irish state independent of Great Britain. Target What Happened? Classification British youth frequenting two pop- Timed explosives were detonated, Nationalist, Religious ular pubs, the “Mulberry Bush” killing 19 and injuring over 180. and “Tavern in the Town” [ATTACK 2: ETA – HIPERCOR BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Spain - Barcelona June 19, 1987 Euskadi Ta To establish the Basque Country Askatasuna (ETA) (Euskal Herria) as an independent “Basque state from Spain. Homeland and Freedom” Target What Happened? Classification Hipercor, a crowded department A car bomb was detonated in the Nationalist, Left-wing store in central Barcelona underground parking garage, killing 21 and injuring 45. [ATTACK 3: POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE – LUFTHANSA HIJACKING] Location Date Group Aims Somalia -Mogadishu October 13, 1977 Popular Front for An armed socialist revolution the Liberation of against West Germany and Palestine (PFLP) its allies Target What Happened? Classification Lufthansa Flight 181, flying from Four terrorists hijacked the flight Left-wing, Nationalist Mallorca, Spain to Frankfurt, demanding money and the release of Germany with 91 passengers and other RAF members; the captain of the crew plane was executed. 3 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT [ATTACK 4: AL-QAEDA – 9/11] Location Date Group Aims United States - New York, Virginia, September 11, Al-Qaeda To eliminate foreign influence in and Pennsylvania 2001 Muslim countries and create a global Islamic caliphate Target What Happened? Classification An American financial center and Nineteen suicide terrorists hijacked four Religious government buildings commercial airlines. Two planes were flown into the World Trade Center and one into the Pentagon. The fourth airlin- er crashed in Pennsylvania. 2,973 were killed and 24 remain unidentified. [ATTACK 5: TAMIL TIGERS – KEBOTHIGOLLEwa MASSACRE] Location Date Group Aims Sri Lanka - Kebothigollewa June 15, 2006 Liberation Tigers To secure a separate Tamil state in of Tamil Eelam Sri Lanka’s northern and eastern (LTTE) aka The provinces Tamil Tigers Target What Happened? Classification Commercial passenger bus An anti-personnel mine was detonated, Nationalist killing 68 and injuring 60. [ATTACK 6: ABU SAYYAF – SUPERFERRY 14 BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Philippines -Manila February 27, 2004 Abu Sayyaf To create a pan-Islamist state across southeast-Asia Target What Happened? Classification SuperFerry 14, a passenger ferry A television set filled with dynamite Religious, Nationalist in Manila harbor carrying more was detonated, killing 116. than 900 passengers 4 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT [ATTACK 7: JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH – BALI BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Indonesia - Bali October 12, 2002 Jemaah Islamiyah To establish an Islamist state “Islamic across southeast Asia Community” Target What Happened? Classification “Paddy’s Bar” and the “Sari Several bombs were detonated killing Religious Club,” two popular nightclubs in a 202 and injuring 209. tourist district, filled mainly with Western tourists and vacationers [ATTACK 8: BLACK SEPTEMBER – 1972 MUNICH OLYMPICS] Location Date Group Aims West Germany - Munich September 5-6, Black September, To support armed Palestinian 1972 a faction of the groups through violent conflict Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Target What Happened? Classification The Israeli Olympic team, housed Black September captured members Left-wing, Nationalist at the Olympic Village in Munich of the Israeli team. Twelve were killed, including one German police officer. Five of the 8 terrorists were killed during a rescue attempt. [ATTACK 10: HEZBOLLAH – U.S. EMBASSY BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Lebanon - Beirut April 18, 1983 Hezbollah – To destroy Israel and establish an “Party of God” Islamist state in Lebanon Target What Happened? Classification U.S. Embassy in Beirut A suicide bomber detonated a van Religious killing 63. 5 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT [ATTACK 11: AL-AQSA MARTYRS BRIGADE – TEL AVIV BUS STATION BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Israel - Tel Aviv January 5, 2003 Al-Aqsa Martyrs To replace Israel with a Palestinian Brigade state with Jerusalem as its capital Target What Happened? Classification A pedestrian mall packed with Two suicide bombers struck, killing 23 Nationalist shoppers and workers returning and wounding 120. home to work near Tel Aviv’s old central bus station ATTACK 12: AL-GAMA’A AL-ISLAMIYYA – TOURIST LUXOR ATTACK] Location Date Group Aims Egypt - Luxor November 17, Al-Aqsa Martyrs To replace Egypt’s secular 1997 Brigade government with an Islamist state Target What Happened? Classification Tourists visiting Egypt’s Luxor Terrorists fired into crowds of tourists, Religious temple site killing 62 and wounding 24. Victims included Swiss, Germans, and Japanese. [ATTACK 13: CHECHEN SEpaRATISTS – MOSCOW THEATER SIEGE] Location Date Group Aims Russia – Moscow October 23, 2002 Movsar Baryayev To establish an independent Gang (Chechen Chechnyan state from Russia separatists) Target What Happened? Classification Sold out performance at a Dozens of Chechen terrorists seized Nationalist, Religious Moscow theater in the 900 hostages. At least 129 hostages Dubrovka area were killed and more than 700 were injured. Russian forces stormed the building, killing 33 terrorists. 6 of 11 WHERE IN THE WORLD? TERRORISM STRIKES WORLDWIDE: POST-VISIT [ATTACK 14: AUM SHINRIKYO – TOKYO SARIN GAS ATTACK] Location Date Group Aims Japan - Tokyo March 20, 1995 Aum Shinrikyo- To overthrow Japan’s government “Religion of and its civil institutions Truth” Target What Happened? Classification Five trains of the Tokyo subway Sarin nerve gas was released killing Religious system carrying morning 12 and injuring 54. More than 1,000 commuters suffered vision problems. [ATTACK 15: GUARDIANS OF THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION – LOCKERBIE BOMBING] Location Date Group Aims Scotland – Lockerbie