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Los Bosques De La Cuenca Transfronteriza Del Río Mayo-Chinchipe Perú-Ecuador

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Los Bosques De La Cuenca Transfronteriza Del Río Mayo-Chinchipe Perú-Ecuador Soluciones Prácticas-ITDG es un organismo de cooperación técnica internacional que contribuye al desarrollo sostenible de la población de menores recursos, mediante la investigación, aplicación y diseminación de tecnologías apropiadas. Tiene oficinas en África, Asia, Europa y América Latina. La oficina regional para América Latina tiene sede en Lima, Perú y trabaja a través de sus programas de Sistemas de producción y acceso a mercados; Energía, infraestructura y servicios básicos; Prevención de desastres y gobernabilidad local y las áreas de Control de calidad, Administración y Comunicaciones. Los bosques de la cuenca transfronteriza del río Mayo-Chinchipe Perú-Ecuador www.solucionespracticas.org río Mayo-Chinchipe la cuenca transfronteriza del Los bosques de PROYECTO Este documento ha sido elaborado con el apoyo financiero de Comisión Europea. Los puntos de vista que en él se expresan no representan necesariamente el punto de vista de la Comisión Europea. Jaén COMISIÓN EUROPEA Elliot, Jorge Los bosques de la cuenca transfronteriza del río Mayo-Chinchipe (Perú- Ecuador) / Editor Jorge Elliot; Colaborador Javier Coello, Marco Alcalde. Lima: Soluciones Prácticas-ITDG, 2009. 150 p.: il. ISBN: 978-9972-47-195-7 BOSQUES / CUENCAS / ESTUDIOS DE CASO / ESTADÍSTICAS SOCIALES / RECURSOS FORESTALES / FAUNA / DIAGNÓSTICO / MADERA / PRODUCTOS FORESTALES / MANEJO DE BOSQUES / PE: Cuenca del Chinchipe; EC: Cuenca del Chinchipe 460/ E46 Clasificación SATIS. Descriptores OCDE Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú Nº 2009-04168 Primera edición: 2009 © Soluciones Prácticas-ITDG Razón social: Intermediate Technology Development Group, ITDG Domicilio: Av. Jorge Chávez 275, Miraflores. Casilla postal 18-0620 Lima 18, Perú Teléfonos: (51-1) 444-7055, 242-9714, 447-5127 Fax: (51-1) 446-6621 Correo-e: [email protected] www.solucionespracticas.org.pe Editor: Jorge Elliot Colaboración: Javier Coello, Marco Alcalde Coordinación: Francis Salas Corrección de estilo: Mario Cossío Portada y supervisión gráfica: Carmen Javier Diagramación: Wilfredo León Impreso por: Forma e Imagen Producido en el Perú, abril de 2009 El presente documento fue elaborado en el marco del proyecto Bosques del Chinchipe, ejecutado por Soluciones Prácticas-ITDG y financiado por la Comunidad Europea. Oikos, Cáritas Jaén y Faces colaboraron en su implementación. Índice Introducción 7 1. Contexto 1.1. Medio físico 5 1.1.1. Hidrografía 5 1.1.2. Pisos altitudinales 5 1.1.3. Zonas de vida 5 1.2. Población 5 1.2.1. Educación 5 1.2.2. Salud 5 1.2.3. Saneamiento 5 1.2.4. Población económicamente activa 5 1.2.5. Pobreza 5 1.2.6. Pueblos indígenas 5 1.2.7. Organización político-administrativa 5 1.2.8. Coordinación interinstitucional 5 1.2.9. Organizaciones locales 5 1.3. Vegetación 5 1.3.1. Formaciones vegetales 5 1.4. Fauna 5 1.4.1. Mamíferos 5 1.4.2. Aves 5 1.4.3. Reptiles 5 1.5. Potencial medioambiental 5 1.6. Zonas de tratamiento especial 5 1.6.1. Parque nacional Podocarpus 5 1.6.2. Santuario nacional Tabaconas Namballe 5 1.6.3. Territorios de las comunidades nativas aguarunas 5 1.6.4. Bosque protector Colambo-Yacuri 5 2. Población y recursos forestales 2.1. Comunidades donde se desarrollaron inventarios forestales participativos 5 2.2. Metodología aplicada 5 2.3. Resultados de la evaluación etnobotánica 5 2.4. Frecuencia de especies en las comunidades evaluadas 5 2.5. Importancia de las especies 5 2.6. Uso de las especies en las comunidades evaluadas 5 2.7. Uso comercial de las especies forestales no maderables 5 2.8. Propuestas de investigación para desarrollo tecnológico 5 2.8.1. Sangre de grado 5 2.8.2. Cascarilla 5 2.8.3. Guaba 5 2.8.4. Chusquea 5 2.8.5. Yarazo, higo silvestre y uva de monte 5 2.8.6. Sinchama 5 2.8.7. Uña de gato 5 3. Cadena de la madera en la cuenca del río Chinchipe 3.1. Extracción de madera en la cuenca del río Chinchipe 5 3.1.1. El maderero 5 3.1.2. Zonas de trabajo 5 3.1.3. Especies y volúmenes extraídos 5 3.1.4. Mercado 5 3.1.5. Aspectos técnicos-productivos 5 3.1.6. Costos de producción 5 3.1.7. Extractores la sociedad y el medio ambiente 5 3.2. Transformación de madera en la cuenca del Chinchipe 5 3.2.1. Depósitos 5 3.2.2. Carpinterías 5 3.3. Estudios de mercado 5 3.3.1. Estudio de mercado en la ciudad de Cuenca y estrategia de comercialización para los productores de la cuenca del Chinchipe. Ecuador 5 3.3.2. Estudio de mercado de aceptabilidad de la madera de laurel en las ciudades de Jaén, San Ignacio, Bagua Chica, Bagua Grande, Piura, Chiclayo y Trujillo. Perú 5 4. Construcción participativa de planes forestales 4.1. Aporte de las comunidades 5 4.1.1. Perú 5 4.1.2. Ecuador 5 4.2. Plan de desarrollo forestal 5 4.2.1. Plan estratégico de desarrollo forestal de la cuenca Mayo-Chinchipe. Ecuador 5 4.2.2. Plan estratégico de desarrollo forestal provincial de San Ignacio. Perú 5 5. Propuestas para la gestión binacional de recursos forestales 5.1. Reuniones 5 5.1.1. Priorización de los ejes de acción para la gestión de los recursos naturales en la cuenca binacional del río Chinchipe 5 5.2. Grupos de trabajo 5 5.2.1. Ordenamiento territorial 5 5.2.2. Corredor biológico binacional 5 5.2.3. Sistema de extensión forestal de campesino a campesino 5 5.2.4. Educación ambiental 5 5.2.5. Control y vigilancia participativos 5 5.2.6. Café gourmet de procedencia binacional 5 5.3. Comité transfronterizo 5 5.3.1. Propuesta de desarrollo territorial de la cuenca binacional 5 Índice de cuadros Cuadro 1: Dispositivos de creación de unidades político-administrativas del ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 2: Unidades político-administrativas de la cuenca del río Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 3: Pisos altitudinales de la cuenca del Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 4: Zonas de vida de la cuenca del Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 5: Población en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 6: Oferta y demanda educativa en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 7: Indicadores educativos en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 8: Indicadores de salud en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 9: Acceso a servicios básicos de saneamiento en el ámbito del estudio 5 Cuadro 10: Población económicamente activa en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 11: Estimaciones de pobreza en el ámbito de estudio 5 Cuadro 12: Población de comunidades nativas en el ámbito del estudio 5 Cuadro 13: Área cubierta por tipo de vegetación 5 Cuadro 14: Clasificación de mamíferos 5 Cuadro 15: Clasificación de aves 5 Cuadro 16: Clasificación de supervivencia de aves 5 Cuadro 17: Clasificación de aves por sensibilidad 5 Cuadro 18: Clasificación de reptiles 5 Cuadro 19: Áreas de tratamiento especial en la cuenca del Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 20: Zonas de vida en el parque nacional Podocarpus 5 Cuadro 21: Zonas de vida en el santuario nacional Tabaconas Namballe 5 Cuadro 22: Territorios reconocidos de las comunidades nativas aguarunas de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 23: Localidades donde se desarrollaron inventarios forestales participativos 5 Cuadro 24: Comparación de metodologías de inventario forestal participativo 5 Cuadro 25: Resumen de especies no maderables y usos 5 Cuadro 26: Frecuencia de especies no maderables 5 Cuadro 27: Principales especies no maderables por comunidades 5 Cuadro 28: Importancia de las especies no maderables más frecuentes 5 Cuadro 29: Especies seleccionadas 5 Cuadro 30: Uso de especies no maderables por comunidades 5 Cuadro 31: Cuadro comparativo de especies forestales no maderables y usos comerciales 5 Cuadro 32: Potenciales por especie 5 Cuadro 33: Extractores legalizados encuestados en la zona de estudio 5 Cuadro 34: Producción controlada de madera en metros cúbicos 5 Cuadro 35: Volumen de madera extraída por especie en la parte peruana del Chinchipe (2005) 5 Cuadro 36: Volumen de madera extraída por especie en la parte ecuatoriana del Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 37: Estándares de medidas de tablones extraídas 5 Cuadro 38: Destino de la madera aserrada 5 Cuadro 39: Características de las motosierras utilizadas 5 Cuadro 40: Fallas más frecuente de motosierras 5 Cuadro 41: Productividad de la forestal 5 Cuadro 42: Costo de mano de obra en producción de madera 5 Cuadro 43: Costo de transporte de madera aserrada por tablón 5 Cuadro 44: Costos del transporte 5 Cuadro 45: Costos por pie tablar transportado 5 Cuadro 46: Costos de extracción de madera en dólares por pie tablar 5 Cuadro 47: Equipos mecánicos en depósitos 5 Cuadro 48: Dimensiones de la materia prima en depósitos 5 Cuadro 49: Detalle de trabajadores asegurados en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 50: Equipos mecánicos en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 51: Uso de electricidad en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 52: Especies comercializadas en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 53: Recomendación de alternativas en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 54: Dimensiones de la materia prima en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 55: Tipos de secado y preservado de la madera en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 56: Tipos de unión o montaje en la transformación en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 57: Tipos de acabado en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 58: Producción mensual en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 59: Motivo de éxito local en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 60: Costo de insumos en la transformación de productos madereros en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 61: Costo mensual de mano de obra en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 62: Uso del bambú en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 63: Problemas para conseguir madera en carpinterías de San Ignacio 5 Cuadro 64: Detalle de trabajadores asegurados en carpinterías de Palanda y Chinchipe 5 Cuadro 65: Equipos
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