Fire, Poison, and Black Tears : Metaphors of Emotion in Rebétiko
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Fire, Poison, and Black Tears : Metaphors of Emotion in Rebétiko Smaragdi, Marianna 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Smaragdi, M. (2012). Fire, Poison, and Black Tears : Metaphors of Emotion in Rebétiko. Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Studia Graeca et Latina Lundensia 18 Fire, poison, and black tears Metaphors of Emotion in Rebétiko Marianna Smaragdi Centre for Languages and Literature 2012 © 2012 Marianna Smaragdi Distributed by: Centre for Languages and Literature Lund University P.O. Box 201 SE-211 00 Lund ISBN 978-91-7473-363-1 ISSN 1100-7931 Photography: Fredrik Schoug Printed in Sweden by Media-Tryck in Lund 2012 To my parents Ulla Johnsson-Smaragdi, med stor beundran och oändlig saknad Φώτη Σµαραγδή , µε απέραντη αγάπη κι ευγνωµοσύνη Acknowledgements There is a great number of people to whom I would like to express my gratitude for support of various kinds, and without whom this dissertation would not have been possible. Firstly my thanks go to my chief supervisor, Dr Vassilios Sabatakakis, for his guidance and support during the years of my candidature, and for encouraging me to take up doctoral studies. I am also thankful to my assistant supervisor, Dr Christoforos Charalambakis of the University of Athens, for the valuable advice he has offered me. I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Stathis Gauntlett for his invaluable help, many useful remarks, and not least for his thorough proof-reading of my drafts; any remaining mistakes are my own. I am furthermore indebted to the Foundation of Greta Thott och Hjalmar Gullberg for funding my field trip to Athens for a literature search, as well as for financial support during the final stages of my work. Thanks are also due to the participants in our local Greek seminar at the University of Lund for many useful comments and suggestions; to my friend and room-mate Dr Aron Sjöblad for constant encouragement and interesting discussions on metaphor and other topics; my friends and colleagues on the third floor, Dr Jessica Carlzon and (imminently Dr) Stefan Carlzon, for their support and constructive discussions. Thank you all for the lovely lunches and pep-talks! I owe special thanks to my father, Fotis Smaragdis, for my initiation in rebétiko on those long car journeys to and from Greece; to my sister Areti, my brother Christos and his wife Tina, for their confidence in me and for constantly backing me up. I also wish to express my heartfelt thanks to my very dear friends – no one mentioned and none forgotten (… but you know who you are!) – who always trust that I know what I am doing – even when I do not trust it myself. Last but not least I would like to express my profound gratitude to my family: my always supportive and understanding husband, Panagiotis Androglou, who has given me the strength to proceed with my work, and my three wonderful daughters, Melina, Elena and Niki, who have helped me to keep in mind what is important in life throughout my work on this dissertation; σας αγαπώ . Lund, August 2012 Marianna Smaragdi v vi Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ v Contents ................................................................................................................ vii List of tables .......................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Aims .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Scope............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Method and sources....................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Content Analysis.................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Coding Choices...................................................................................... 7 1.3.3 Gathering, Saving, Coding and Analysing the Data.............................. 8 1.4 Previous Studies on Rebétiko........................................................................ 9 2 Rebétiko ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Background ................................................................................................. 13 2.2 The Origins and Evolution of Rebétiko ...................................................... 15 2.3 Definition of Rebétiko................................................................................. 19 3 Metaphor ........................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Definitions of Metaphor and Other Tropes................................................. 27 3.2 Metaphor Theory......................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 Approaches to Metaphor...................................................................... 32 3.2.2 Conceptual Metaphor........................................................................... 34 3.2.3 Common Source and Target Domains................................................. 38 3.2.4 Kinds of Metaphor............................................................................... 40 3.2.5 Metaphor in Literature and Poetry....................................................... 42 3.2.6 Similarities and Differences between Metaphor and Metonymy......... 43 3.2.7 Metonymic Relationships, Idioms and Metaphor................................ 44 3.2.8 Metaphor across Languages................................................................. 44 3.2.9 Mapping, Highlighting and Blending .................................................. 46 3.2.10 Subsystems and Levels of Metaphors................................................ 47 3.3 Metaphors of Emotion................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 Universality and Cultural Variation..................................................... 50 3.3.2 Aspects of Emotion Concepts.............................................................. 52 3.3.3 The Force of Emotion.......................................................................... 54 3.3.4 Emotions and Relationships................................................................. 54 3.3.5 Concluding Remarks............................................................................ 55 vii 4 Metaphors of Emotion in Rebétiko ................................................................. 57 4.1 Range of Emotions...................................................................................... 57 4.2 Force as Source Domain in Rebétiko.......................................................... 59 4.2.1 Emotion is a Natural Force .................................................................. 59 4.2.2 Emotion is Internal Pressure inside a Container .................................. 74 4.2.3 Emotion is an Opponent ...................................................................... 78 4.2.4 Emotion is a Social Force .................................................................... 84 4.2.5 Emotion is a Mental Force................................................................... 89 4.2.6 Emotion is Insanity.............................................................................. 93 4.2.7 Emotion is Fire/Heat............................................................................ 98 4.2.8 Emotion is a Physiological Force ...................................................... 106 4.2.9 Emotion is Physical Agitation ........................................................... 118 4.2.10 Emotion is a Burden ........................................................................ 120 4.2.11 Emotion is a Physical Force............................................................. 123 4.2.12 Emotion is Light/Darkness .............................................................. 134 4.2.13 Emotion is a Potent Substance......................................................... 139 4.3 Other Source Domains .............................................................................. 143 4.3.1 Emotion is an Animal .......................................................................