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Changing the Culture of Math and Science Education to Ensure A LEARNING FOR THE FUTURE: LEARNING FOR THE FUTURE Changing the Culture of Math and Science Changing Education To Ensure a Competitive Workforce the Culture of Math and Science Education to Ensure a Competitive Workforce CED A Statement by the Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development LEARNING FOR THE FUTURE ChangingA SHARED the Culture ofFUTURE Math and Science Education to Ensure a Competitive Workforce REDUCING GLOBAL POVERTY A Statement by the Research and Policy Committee A Statement by ofthe the Research Committee and Policy forCommittee Economic of the DevelopmentCommittee for Economic Development Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Learning for the future : changing the culture of math & science education to ensure a competitive workforce : a statement on national policy / by the Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-87186-147-X 1. Mathematics—Study and teaching—United States. 2. Science—Study and teaching—United States. I. Committee for Economic Development. Research and Policy Committee. QA13.L39 2003 510'.71'073—dc21 2003043432 First printing in bound-book form: 2003 Paperback: $15.00 Printed in the United States of America Design: Rowe Design Group COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 261 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 (212) 688-2063 2000 L Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 296-5860 www.ced.org CONTENTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CED STATEMENTS ON NATIONAL POLICY v PURPOSE OF THIS STATEMENT viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Findings 1 Recommendations 3 CHAPTER 1: THE NEED TO IMPROVE MATH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION 5 The Importance of Science and Engineering: Growth, Citizenship, and Mobility 5 A Focus on Math and Science Education 7 CHAPTER 2: CHALLENGES IN K-12 MATH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION 10 K-12 Student Achievement in Math and Science: A National Perspective 10 K-12 Student Achievement in Math and Science: A State Perspective 13 K-12 Student Achievement in Math and Science: An International Perspective 16 What Might Account for Uneven Performance in K-12 Math and Science? 18 CHAPTER 3: UNDERGRADUATE AND LABOR MARKET ISSUES 23 Reductions in the Number of Undergraduates in Science and Engineering 23 Implications for the Professional Technical Labor Market 27 The Impact of Foreign-Born Students and Workers 29 CHAPTER 4: CHANGING THE CULTURE OF K-16 MATH AND SCIENCE EDUCATION AND INCREASING THE SUPPLY OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS 30 CHALLENGE ONE: Increasing Student Interest in Math and Science to Maintain the Pipeline 31 Ensuring Widespread Scientific and Quantitative Literacy 31 Increasing the Number of Students Completing Degrees in Mathematics, Science and Engineering Fields 33 Increasing the Interest and Success of Women and Minorities in Math and Science 34 CHALLENGE TWO: Demonstrating the Wonder of Discovery While Helping Students to Master Rigorous Content 35 Improving Math and Science Teacher Education 36 Providing Opportunities for Teachers to Work With Those in the Technical Labor Force 37 Expanding Effective Professional Development Programs 38 Promoting Local Experimentation in Math and Science Education 40 Promoting Science Education in the Era of No Child Left Behind 41 CHALLENGE THREE: Acknowledging the Professionalism of Teachers 42 Compensating Teachers to Promote Quality in the Math and Science Teaching Force 42 Establishing Alternative Paths to Certification 43 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 45 iii ENDNOTES 46 MEMORANDUM OF COMMENT, RESERVATION, OR DISSENT 50 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 51 iv RESPONSIBILITY FOR CED STATEMENTS ON NATIONAL POLICY The Committee for Economic Develop- ing specific legislative proposals; its purpose is ment is an independent research and policy to urge careful consideration of the objectives organization of some 250 business leaders set forth in this statement and of the best means and educators. CED is nonprofit, nonparti- of accomplishing those objectives. san, and nonpolitical. Its purpose is to pro- Each statement is preceded by extensive pose policies that bring about steady eco- discussions, meetings, and exchange of memo- nomic growth at high employment and randa. The research is undertaken by a sub- reasonably stable prices, increased productiv- committee, assisted by advisors chosen for their ity and living standards, greater and more competence in the field under study. equal opportunity for every citizen, and an The full Research and Policy Committee improved quality of life for all. participates in the drafting of recommenda- All CED policy recommendations must tions. Likewise, the trustees on the drafting have the approval of trustees on the Research subcommittee vote to approve or disapprove a and Policy Committee. This committee is di- policy statement, and they share with the rected under the bylaws, which emphasize Research and Policy Committee the privilege that “all research is to be thoroughly objec- of submitting individual comments for publi- tive in character, and the approach in each cation. instance is to be from the standpoint of the general welfare and not from that of any The recommendations presented herein are special political or economic group.” The those of the trustee members of the Research and committee is aided by a Research Advisory Policy Committee and the responsible subcom- Board of leading social scientists and by a mittee. They are not necessarily endorsed by other small permanent professional staff. trustees or by nontrustee subcommittee members, The Research and Policy Committee does advisors, contributors, staff members, or others not attempt to pass judgment on any pend- associated with CED. v RESEARCH AND POLICY COMMITTEE Co-Chairmen PATRICK W. GROSS GEORGE H. CONRADES CHARLES R. LEE Founder and Senior Advisor Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Chairman American Management Systems, Inc. Akamai Technologies, Inc. Verizon Communications BRUCE K. MACLAURY RONALD R. DAVENPORT ALONZO L. MCDONALD President Emeritus Chairman of the Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer The Brookings Institution Sheridan Broadcasting Corporation Avenir Group, Inc. JOHN DIEBOLD NICHOLAS G. MOORE Vice Chairmen Chairman Chairman Emeritus IAN ARNOF John Diebold Incorporated PricewaterhouseCoopers Retired Chairman FRANK P. DOYLE STEFFEN E. PALKO Bank One, Louisiana, N.A. Retired Executive Vice President Vice Chairman and President CLIFTON R. WHARTON, JR. General Electric XTO Energy Inc. Former Chairman and Chief Executive T.J. DERMOT DUNPHY CAROL J. PARRY Officer Chairman President TIAA-CREF Kildare Enterprises, LLC Corporate Social Responsibility CHRISTOPHER D. EARL Associates Managing Director VICTOR A. PELSON Perseus Capital, LLC Senior Advisor W. D. EBERLE UBS Warburg LLC REX D. ADAMS Chairman PETER G. PETERSON Professor of Business Administration Manchester Associates, Ltd. Chairman The Fuqua School of Business EDMUND B. FITZGERALD The Blackstone Group Duke University Managing Director NED REGAN ALAN BELZER Woodmont Associates President Retired President and Chief Operating HARRY L. FREEMAN Baruch College Officer Chair JAMES Q. RIORDAN AlliedSignal Inc. The Mark Twain Institute Chairman * PETER A. BENOLIEL BARBARA B. GROGAN Quentin Partners Co. Chairman, Executive Committee President LANDON H. ROWLAND Quaker Chemical Corporation Western Industrial Contractors Chairman ROY J. BOSTOCK RICHARD W. HANSELMAN Janus Capital Group Chairman Emeritus, Executive Committee Chairman GEORGE RUPP 3 Bcom Group, Inc. Health Net Inc. President FLETCHER L. BYROM RODERICK M. HILLS International Rescue Committee President and Chief Executive Officer Chairman ROCCO C. SICILIANO MICASU Corporation Hills Enterprises, Ltd. Beverly Hills, California DONALD R. CALDWELL MATINA S. HORNER MATTHEW J. STOVER Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Executive Vice President President Cross Atlantic Capital Partners TIAA-CREF LKM Ventures JOHN B. CAVE H.V. JONES ARNOLD R. WEBER Principal Managing Director President Emeritus Avenir Group, Inc. Korn/Ferry International Northwestern University CAROLYN CHIN EDWARD A. KANGAS JOSH S. WESTON Chairman Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Honorary Chairman Commtouch/C3 Partners Retired Automatic Data Processing, Inc. A. W. CLAUSEN Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu DOLORES D. WHARTON Retired Chairman and Chief Executive JOSEPH E. KASPUTYS Former Chairman and Chief Officer Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer BankAmerica Corporation Executive Officer The Fund for Corporate Initiatives, Inc. JOHN L. CLENDENIN Global Insight, Inc. MARTIN B. ZIMMERMAN Retired Chairman CHARLES E.M. KOLB Group Vice President, Corporate Affairs BellSouth Corporation President Ford Motor Company Committee for Economic Development *Voted to approve the policy statement but submitted memorandum of comment, reservation, or dissent. See page 50. vi SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE SUPPLY OF SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS Co-Chairs JEROME GROSSMAN Ex-Officio Members Senior Fellow CHRISTOPHER D. EARL John F. Kennedy School of Government PATRICK W. GROSS Managing Director Harvard University Founder and Chairman, Perseus Capital, LLC Executive Committee MATT NIMETZ American Management Systems, Inc. SHIRLEY ANN JACKSON Partner President Cross Atlantic Partners, Inc. CHARLES E.M. KOLB Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute President STEFFEN PALKO Committee for Economic Development Vice Chairman and President XTO Energy, Inc. BRUCE K. MACLAURY President Emeritus Trustees JERRY PARROTT The Brookings Institution Vice President, ROBERT B. CHESS Corporate
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