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7 JUN 198" Geology and Mineralogy

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7 JUN 198 IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON 25. D. C. 18 1954 AEC-1103A Mr, Jesse C. Johnson, Director Biyision of Rav Materials IT. S» Atomic Energy Commission l6th St* and Constitution Avenue, H.¥* Washington 25, B. C. Bear Jesse; Transmitted herewith are three copies of TEI-^59* "Ifantroseite and paramontroseite^" "by Howard T. Evans, Jr*, and Kary E. Krose, June We are asking Mr. Hosted to approve our plan to submit this report for publication in American Mineralogist. Sincerely yours, . H 0 Bradley Chief Geologist JAN 22 200! 7 JUN 198" Geology and Mineralogy By Howard T* Evans, Jr«, and Mary E. Mrose June TMs preliminary report is distributed vithout editorial and technical reirieir for conformity -with official standards and nomenclature. It is not for public inspection or quotation* report concerns work dene on "behalf of the Bivlsion of Ea-w Materials of the U* S. Atomic Energy Commission. USGS - TEI4-39 GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY Distribution (Series A) Ho, of copies Argonne National Laboratory »»<,&«»*••..«•.<.<».»**.»»a0»ae»>ooft**» 1 Atomic Energy Commissions, Washington »«•».»•«.•.*.»••<>••»•««*»«• 2 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus .o^eo.^^^.»«»«.»,.<>».«*<, 1 Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Company, Y-12 Area ** oa t« ODaoo * 00 <r * 1 Division of Raw Materials s Albuquerque »«*»»,.•.»*.««.D».»O<>*O<»O«« 1 Division of Raw Materials, Butte ,„«<.•,.•«,»•»«»,>.«»»»o«»*»<»»*9« ' 1 Division of Raw Materials, Denver oo»fr«A«»e»«*»0»»»»9»»*9»*»»»»o 1 Division of Raw Materials s Douglas ooa 0 e 0e o (»«>«o. 0(,» (,*oe»a«<> 90 o»d 1 Division of Raw Materials, Hot Springs <,<,«.*.«,. .,..*•.,«*«.. e ».. 1 Division of Raw Materials, Ishpeming ..«o»«oo.»«.»».»»««o«....»» 1 Division of Raw Materials, Phoenix ,.o**»»**«e.•••«.».»•..»*•••• 1 Division of Raw Materials 5 Richfield »«»o«»o.«a«et>»»**«»e*«*««o«« 1 Division of Raw Materials, Salt Lake City <, t>ooeot>^^ oa ^ oost,^ 0000 1 Division of Raw Materials, Washington V «.c>o«a<»*.»«o»»*-o<too*»o0«»4i 3 Dow Chemical Company s Pittsburg 00 o 009 »oo 8aoi»» 0 <r 0 «».».o.«oc. P »e.o 1 Exploration Division^ Grand Junction Operations Office <»*„*«,<,«>.<, 1 Grand Junction Operations Office 00 «> c»<5 o & 69e !.<, oe o«<.«t, B »eo 0 e d0 6o 9 « 1 National Lead Company, Winchester » 0(, 06 «,o 0 .oo*t»»<*»»o*.*.*o«o» 0 .. 1 Technical Information Service 3 Oak Ridge ea » SO oo 0 ao*oo, 0 o 0 *<, 0 o»<,o 6 Tennessee Valley Authorityy Wilson Dam o 0 * 0 o»9o«.« WOO e e » 0 o.«e 0' 0 o 1 U 0 So Geological Surveys Alaskan Geology Branch^, Washington o 0 oc &eo,<, ff0 «o» otrooo 0. 0 o««.«o»<i<. 1 Fuels Branch^, Washington Ot> 00 «> 0 ooa 00 <, oee oe<>e «.« t.*«>e!»c«>e » e «*o».*<»» 1 Geochemistry and Petrology Branch, Washington .* 0!, e .»«<,«»o.<>» 0 o<> * 21 Geophysics Branch,, Washington »« 0- at, 90 o««*» 0 otro«««.«.i»o«o»a»«0o.e 1 Mineral Deposits Branch^ Washington ««,.,>o>»o*<>o«o«<><»<r.«.o<«<>»<>o»» 1 Eo Ho Baileyp Menlo Park 0 o*o<,oeo e o<x«v»o 0 do»<.oo<. t.«.<T»» 0 «<.««»«»».««»» 1 Ao La Brokaw,, Grand Junction 0 ,<,« 00 a»»«oo PO o. ooa * 0 «ro<, 0 »»ooo«»o»«<» 1 do Xv o L' OOp€r n JL/enV€r oooo<»0!»ooooooo»ooaoeo»o3oaecoo»oeoo»e>oo««oa -L No Mo Denson3 Denver <>«><» e> »<.oooo (, 0 o6ooc«««o» 0 o*o«» e.*»o <.«9«*» 0-<»»»o 1 Co E P Duttons Madison 00. 000 » 000 o 00 <> 0 « 0 v B v<>o»»<, 0 + «<>***ao 0 6»«v «,•«,.. 1 Wo AJ e JDmer I CJ£ j A «Lanu U1 oy aooooaoooo»ooooo'ooi' 0 «'0 0 *®* OOCf0 *'' 0' 0<>00 -^ Lo S 0 Gardner, Albuquerque ,o &0 o 0 «»»«o & ff«<,ao«»o 0 »»« <> 0 oooeo-^o *<»<,« 1 Mo R» Klepper 9 Washington oooff 00 oooaooooooooj»o«>ff«>oa»eo6ooo!><.»o*t> 1 A„ Ho Koschmannp Denver c.o<»«oa<, oe 0o<» e c.«. 0 »»<. wo »»«ooo» 0 »»e«<.»*o 8 <» 1 Ro Ao laurencej Knoxville 00(,«»o 00 a 0 oa* e a 0?,<.ooc.<.of » 0 ee»<»«ao e.tfc*»»a 1 Do Mo LemmOn^ Washington ^ooCTOoooooooooooooocvooaoosoooooasooaooo 1 U o U o ijOVe ci J_iaramjL6 ooDOoooooooooaoooeroooooQOOoaoooaoowooooooCTfto -L ¥ 0 Ec McKelveyj, Meailo Park oooao ^ 0000, oaa <t ^ oooa » coo * 0 » 90 ^ 0 ^^ 000 » 1 Q. 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Washington o 8000&00 e 00 o eoea oo«,«»<, e -o« c .».«.*e 9 .<»..e.^ 2 (including master) —- CONTENTS Page JT1.O13 wJTcLC, \j 9^v«*9Q«»*«09D**#e6$»a$&*<»90*ofr»00a»«?0feo0*09«oaat****» ' Introduction ••.. a « v .»«.*.«*» A .,«.«..o.•»•»«••.o*»»»««***«»»v*» 5 Source of the data aft«.«o»*««a»»»»»*»».»*»»•»•*»..•••••*»•••,*« 6 Determination of the crystal structure of paramontroseite 0 , 9 o. 7 Refinement of the montroseite and paramontroseite structures by the method of least squares ,.•,.,.•,«.•.••.,.•••••».o.*.« 8 Structural features of montroseite and paramontroseite e .*.««.* 10 Solid state alteration of montroseite ,*»»«.*•••«•,o.o»»»»»«o.» 11 Other examples of solid state alteration phenomena ,<,* 0 **»<,**<,» 13 Summary» » ™0 ..,«.eoo«T •> V •• 0 »o,oaao<unawirvvwirvf <.eooi,oo»< > »«r««i,«»<.o «• ~ » 0 ». *.»*,»«. *«•«•••»»« 15^ Heferences * ooeo, 00 oeoa*»o»»«»»<> 0 <.oi>»<.»«.«<>» 0 «*»»»»»«.»«#»«»*9»»»« 1" ILLUSTRATIOHS Figure 1» Buerger precession photograph of the (Oki) net plane of the montroseite crystal, showing sharp and diffuse spots „„.»*....*...*.»..»«„•*..».»...••. 2^ 2. Electron density projections along the £ axis of (a) montroseite and (b) paramontroseite «>„.,.«,«,*.,„<, 25 5 e Interatomic distance rectors in montroseite and paramontroseite »»...«•..•.*,...«...•*.«,»•».»•»*»»• 26 ^• 0 Yiew of crystal structures along the £ axis of (a) montroseite and (b) paramontroseite o».»**«.•*,«»*«« 27 TABLES Page Table 1. Lattice data for montroseite phases »«*„.*»»<.„.«».«.» 17 2, Least squares-^determined parameters and standard errors for montroseite and paramontroseite «>„«.*.«.» 18 3* Observed and calculated structure factors for montroseite and paramontroseite » ao ,o*....»••»•*•«»«» 19 4. Interatomic distances in m&ntroseite and para­ montroseite »ooo»e*«»««<><.».«<..».<>«>*.»*<>«*«*«•»»«»•** 26 5. Standard errors of atomic positions in montroseite and paramontroseite „««»»,,,#«.«,»«<>•.•*„»»»....«»..*, 23 MOMKOSEITE A303 PARAMOUimOSEITE By Howard T. Evans, Jr?, and Mary E. Mrose ABSTBACT Montroseite (Y,Fe)0(QH), has been shorn "by ETans and Block to hare a structure analogous to that of diaspore, AIO(OE). Altered crystals of montroseite give Multiple X-ray patterns, showing one sharp orthorhombic lattice corresponding to the host crystal, and two diffuse lattices of similar symmetry and dimensions in parallel orientation. The sore prominent of the diffuse phases is interpreted as a metastable form of V02 , resulting from the oxidation of the host crystal, and is given the name "paramontroseite". Paramontroseite has sa - 4,89, fc * 9«-39> £ * 2,93 A, space group Fbnsu Complete refinement of the structure of "both montroseite and paramontroseite has "been carried out "by electron density synthesis and least squares analysis. The outstanding difference between the two structures lies in the length of the oxygen-oxygen distance corre­ sponding to the hydrogen "bond in laontroseite. This length increases from 2,63 to 3*87 A in going from montroseite to parauontroseite, indicating the loss of hydrogen during the alteration* The concept of an alteration process involving a migration of ions and electrons through an unbroken oxygen framework is thus directly supported by the crystal structure analyses, and also by other X-ray diffmction and chemical information* The postulated alteration laeehanism is illustrated by certain other examples, notably the alteration of lepidocrocite and isagnetite to maghemite, and go^thite to hematite. In a recent communication, by Weeks, Disney, and Sherwood (1953)? the discovery, properties, and mode of occurrence of a new mineral from the Colorado Plateaus region, montroseite, were described.. The material forms submetallie, greyish-black bladed crystalline Bosses * In cavities it forms sioal.1 lathlike crystals with a perfect (010) cleavage 0 The density was measured on one sample as k 0QQ a The essential constitution of montroselte was demonstrated, by means of a detailed crystal structure analysis by Evans and Block (1953)* "to consist of a vanadium oxide hydrate with the basic formula YO(OH), analogous to diaspore, A10(OH) 0 These authors pointed out that diffraction patterns obtained from appar­ ently single crystals of montroseite are multiple, showing the presence of at least three phases» The multiple diffraction patterns show three ortho- rhombic lattices in parallel position, with slightly varying lattice constants, one characterized by sharp diffraction spots, the other two by diffuse spot So Figure 1 shows part of a Buerger precession photograph of the (OkjL) plane on which the sharp and the "diffuse B" lattices are clearly visible 0 The data given for these lattices by Evans and Block are repro­ duced in table 1» It -was tentatively suggested by Evans and Block that the sharp lattice (for which the structure analysis was carried out) represents the original host phase which subsequently alters by atmospheric action to give rise to the diffuse phases* Hew information has now been obtained concerning this alteration process as a result of a complete structure analysis of the "diffuse B" phase, which is described in this paper „ The evidence is sufficient to define the
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