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Geology and Uranium Deposits of the Temple Mountain District Emery County, Utah

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Geology and Uranium Deposits of the Temple Mountain District Emery County, Utah Geology and Uranium Deposits of the Temple Mountain District Emery County, Utah By C. C. HAWLEY, D. G. WYANT, and D. B. BROOKS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1192 Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission RECEIVED MAY 91966 I.U.J. LIMSVUU. IY. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 196S UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. GS 65-310. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract__ _____________________________________________________ 1 Introduction._____________________________________________________ 3 Geography _____ _______________________________________ 4 History of mining operations and production._____________________ 6 Previous geologic work_________________________________.___-___ 9 Fieldwork and acknowledgments._______________________________ 12 Analyses._-_________-______-__-_-_-^-___--__-_--____-___-__-__-_- 13 Geology.__.__..________...._______________ 15 Stratigraphy._________________________________________________ 15 Permian System_________________________________________ 15 Triassic and Jurassic Systems.______________________________ 16 Moenkopi Fonnation_________-______-____--______---__ 16 Chinle Formation_________--.__________-____-----__- 18 Temple Mountain and Monitor Butte Members.--..-- 18 Moss Back Member....___________________________ 20 Church Rock Member...__-___------_-_-_ _. 29 Wingate Sandstone_--__-__----_-_-__-_---_---__------- 29 Kayenta Formation__________________________________ 30 Navajo Sandstone_________________________________-__- 30 Carmel Formation______-_________________--__ ______ 31 Structure__.___________________________________________ ____ 31 Folds.__.________._______-._._-._________________.__-.-.- 31 Faults_______________._________________ 33 Collapse structures__-__-_-___-_-_-__.--_-____-_-___------- 34 Temple Mountain collapse structure_____________________ 35 Rocks__________________________________________ 35 Structure. __-__-__-______-_____--__-__-_-____----- 36 Other collapse structures-___---__--_--_------_-_-_--__- 40 Origin of the collapse structures.________________________ 41 Geologic history.______________________________________________ 44 Uranium deposits________________________________________________ 45 Distribution and general character of the deposits____---___-_---_- 45 Deposits in the Moss Back Member of the Chinle Formation.._ 45 Deposits in other rock units______________________________ 50 Deposits in the collapse structures__-___--_-__-___---_-----_- 50 Localization and controls of ore in the Moss Back Member of the Chinle Formation_________________________________________ 51 Large-scale controls______________________________________ 51 Small-scale controls...__-______-_____-____--_--_-_____ 54 Localization and controls of other ores.___________-__--___---_-_- 57 Chemical composition of the ores and their enrichment relative to barren rocks-----___-_----____________________--_-_-_-----__ 57 in IV CONTENTS Uranium deposits Continued Page Mineralogy _--_---_----_-----------_-----___-__-____-_--______ 64 Primary mmerals__--_____-_-----------___________-_-_____- 65 Native arsenic._______________________________________ 65 Pyrite and marcasite_________________________________ 65 Ferroselite_ _--___-____---___----____-______________.__ 70 Sphalerite and other sulfides.___________________________ 71 Uraninite and unidentified radioactive materials._-______-- 72 Montroseite and paramontroseite._______________________ 73 Hematite and limonite.________________________________ 73 Carbonate minerals.___________________________________ 73 Silicates..____-.__--.-___-_--._________._-_-___--- 75 Carbonaceous materials____________________________________ 77 Petroleum and asphalt.___-____--_____-_-___----_-__-_- 77 Asphaltite__ _ _________________________________________ 84 The term "asphaltite"____________________ 84 Physical properties_-___-_________-_______-_-__-.-- 85 Occurrence and mineral relations ____________________ 86 Composition. _____________________________________ 87 Coaly materials-____----____-__________-_____-__-__-_- 88 Origin________________________________________ 92 Secondary minerals._______________________________________ 94 Paragenesis.-_---__----___----__----_-_______________.________ 96 Metal zoning____ ______________________________________________ 101 Rock alteration _______________________________________________ 108 Alteration associated with collapse structures and ore deposits __ 110 Removal of carbonates_---___--______________________-_ 110 Removal of petroleum_______________________________ 111 Formation of clay minerals.____________________________ 113 Dolomitization and formation of chromium-bearing mica clays_ __-__-_-__-_--_-__- i _______________________- 114 Changes in color and composition of mudstone____________ 117 Formation of siderite near the Temple Mountain collapse structure_-__-__-_--_--__------___----_------------- 117 Alteration in the Glen Canyon Group________--_---_-__------ H8 Origin of the uranium deposits.-..- - ----- ____ ---- 118 Earlier hypotheses of origin... _._ ....... -- H9 Established facts and probabilities.__________________________ 122 Proposed hypothesis_--------_-------_---__---_------_--__- 122 Origin and controls of asphaltite-rich ores.______________ 123 Nature of the introduced solutions_____________________ 128 Sources of extrinsic elements and solutions..______________ 130 Suggestions for prospecting.____________________________________ 133 Mines__._._____________________------__------___---__---- 135 Calyx 8 mine.....____--________---_____-----__-. 135 North Mesa 1, 2, and 5 mines__--_--_-_____--___----__--__ 138 Camp Bird 12 group____-______-___________________ 139 Camp Bird 7 mine_______________________________________ 140 Deposits exposed on Flat Top__.____________________________ 142 Vagabond mine__________-______--_-______________________ 142 Migliaccio prospect.____v___________________________________ 143 Literature cited_._____-_-_--_-__--^__________._-_-_____----------. 145 Index.----_._-_--_____.--__._.___.____________-___.__-_-_______ 151 CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Geologic map a,nd sections of the Temple Mountain district. 2. Sections showing approximate distribution and correlation of the main lithologic units of the Moss Back Member. 3. Geologic map showing structure contours on the base of the Moss Back Member and mine workings on the Calyx Bench, southeast of Temple Mountain. 4. Geologic map of the Calyx 8 mine and fence diagram showing geology of walls in part of the mine. 5. Geologic map and sections of the North Mesa 1, 2, and 5 mines. 6. Geologic map and sections of the Camp Bird 12 group or "South Workings." 7. Map and sections of the Moss Back Member on Flat Top. Page FIGURE 1. Index maps of the Temple Mountain district_________ 5 2. Photograph of Temple Mountain; view from the west... 7 3. Map showing location of mines in the Temple Mountain area_____________-___-____-___-_-___-_____--__-_ 8 4. Isopach map of Moss Back Member, Temple Mountain area_____________________________--.._ 22 5, 6. Diagrams: 5. Dip directions of crossbeds in the Moss Back Member. ______________________ 26 6. Orientation of fossil logs in the Moss Back Member in the south part of the Temple Mountain district.---_--_-_-_____--__-_-_--_------ 27 7. Map showing generalized structure of part of the Temple Mountain district before faulting__-___-_-.___--__-- 32 8. Photograph of fractured and altered petroliferous sand­ stones, Temple Mountain collapse structure._________ 39 9. Diagram showing possible mode of origin of low-angle fractures in downwarped bedded sedimentary rocks near the Temple Mountain collapse structure._______ 40 10, 11. Fence diagrams: 10. Ore body 3, Calyx 8 mine________ _ ___ 48 11. Ore bodies 4 and 5, Calyx 8 mine.____________ 49 12. Map showing inferred structure of the Temple Mountain mineral belt before faulting._______________________ 53 13. Cross section of Vanadium King 5 mine, showing fracture- controlled ore_-------_-_---________________---__- 55 14. Photograph of fractured-controlled(?j ore in the Moss Back Member, at the Camp Bird 7 mine.___._-_---_ 55 15, 16. Sketch sections: 15. Fracture-controlled distribution of asphaltite nodules in mudstone, Calyx 8 mine________ 56 16. Fracture-controlled alteration in the Church Rock Member of the Chinle Formation, Temple Mountain_______________________ 59 VI CONTENTS FIGURE 17-19. Photomicrographs: Page 17. Zoned pyrite associated with asphaltite and sphalerite, and pyrite in uraniferous asphaltite nodule__ _ ________________________________ 67 18. Polished section of uraninite in asphaltite- _____ 72 19. Montroseite in interstices of sandstone, and silicified wood veined with montroseite and asphaltite- _ ______________________________ 74 20. Camera-lucida drawings of adjacent dolomitic and non- dolomitic areas in altered sandstone in the Moss Back Member.. _ __-_____-----__-__-__--____-____-_____ 76 21. Sketch showing interstitial asphalt in sandstone of the Moss Back. _-.__..__._-_-_-.------__----_----_-- 79 22. Photomicrograph of acicular asphaltite (?) in sandstone of the Moss Back __ _____________________________ 79 23-25. Spectrograms: 23. Infrared spectra of oils extracted from the Moss Back Member, Temple Mountain area _ ____ 84 24. Infrared spectra of asphaltites from uranium deposits
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