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IAEA-TECDOC-322 SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON URANIUM GEOLOGY ORGANIZEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY TECHNICAA L DOCUMENT ISSUEE TH Y DB INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1984 SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS, IAEA, VIENNA, 1984 IAEA-TECDOC-322 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 1984 FOREWORD greae Th t surg f intereso e exploration i t r uraniunfo m deposits ove lase th rt decad addes eha d significantlo yt r knowledgou f uraniueo m naturgeologe th d f uraniueo yan m deposits. informatioMuce th f ho n developey db government and industry programmes is not widely available, and in many cases has not been systematically co- ordinated, organized and prepared for publication. With the current cut-back in uranium exploration and research, therreaa s i le danger tha t e knowledgmucth f ho e gained willose b l t and, wit anticipatee hth d resurgence of interest in the future, will again have to be developed, with a consequent loss of time, money and attempn efforta n I o gathe.t t mose th r t important informatio typee th f uraniusn o n o m deposits seriea , f so reports are being prepared, each covering a specific type of deposit. These reports are a product of the Agency's Working Grou n Uraniupo m Geology. This group, whic bees hha n active since 1970, gather exchanged san s information on key issues of uranium geology and coordinates investigations on important geological questions. The project Workine th f so g Grou Uraniun po m Geologprojece th d ytan leaders are: Sedimentary Basin Sandstond san Warre— e Typn eFinc Deposith s Uranium Deposit Proterozoin si c Quartz-Pebble Conglomerate - Desmons d Pretorius Vein Type Uranium Deposits — Helmut Fuchs Proterozoic Unconformit Stratd yan a Bound Uranium Deposit Joh— sn Ferguson Surf icial Deposits — Dennis Toens The success of the projects has been heavily dependent on the dedication and efforts of the project leaders and their organizations. Withou active th t e participatio contributiod nan f worlno d expert typee th f depositsn o s o s involved, this volume woul t havdno e reached fruition Agence Th . y wishe exteno st thanks dl involveit al o st d in the projects for their efforts. The reports constitute an important addition to the literature on uranium geology and as such are expected to have a warm reception by the Member States of the Agency and the uranium community, world-wide. Special thank extendee s. ar Denni Dr o dt s Toen r guidinsfo wore g th f thi ko s project . BriaDr no t , Hambleton- Jone r compilinsfo Nucleaeditine d th g an papere o t g th r d Developmensan t Corporatio staf s r theiit fo d f rnan wor preparinn ko g this repor Surn o t f icial Uranium Deposits. Joh . PattersonA n Scientific Secretary PLEAS AWARE EB E THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK CONTENTS Introduction............................................................................ 7 P.D. Toens Definition and Classification of Surficial Uranium Deposits ................................... 9 P.D. Toens, B.B. Hambleton-Jones Processu Minéralisatioe sd n Uranifére Calcretess sde Hypothèse Un : Pédologiqun eNo e ........5 1 . P. Briot . FuchY , s Surficial Uranium Occurrence Relation si Climato nt Physicad ean l Setting ....................5 2 . D. Carlisle Petrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Surficial Uranium Deposits ........................ 37 M. Pagel The Genesis of Surficial Uranium Deposits ................................................. 45 D.R. Boyle Uraniu mLateritin i c Terranes ............................................................3 5 . U.C. Samama Exploration for Surficial Uranium Deposits.................................................. 61 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, R.G. Heard, P.D. Toens The Application of Supervised Classification to Landsat Data in the Exploration for Surficial Uranium Deposits Exampl—n A e from Western Australia ............................................5 6 . E.U. Krische, F. Quiel The Application of Landsat Imagery for Delineating Potential Surficial Uranium Deposits in Namibia.... 71 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, A. Caithness AssessmenHydrogeochemistrf n o A e Us e th f to Exploratioyn i Calcretr nfo e Uraniu mAustralia.....n i 5 7 . W.G. Middleton Calculation of the Carnotite Solubility Index ................................................ 81 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, M.C.B. Smit Natural and Induced Disequilibrium in Surficial Uranium Deposits ............................. 87 B.B. Hambleton-Jones, N.J.B. Andersen A Geostatistical Evaluatio Napperbe th f no y Surficial Uranium Deposit Northern Territory, Australi5 9 . a.. H. Akin . BianconF , i Beneficiation of Surficial Uranium Deposits................................................. 101 H.A. Simonsen . Fleete,W r Dépôts Superficiels D'Uraniu Algérimn e e .................................................7 10 . M. Mokaddem, Y. Fuchs Surficial Uranium Deposit Argentina...................................................n si 3 11 . F. Rodrigo . OlsenH , , A.E. Belluco Surficial Uranium Deposit Australin si a ...................................................9 11 . C.R.M. Butt, A.W. Mann Régional Setting, Distribution and Genesis of Surficial Uranium Deposits in Calcretes and Associated Sédiments in Western Australia........................................................... 121 C.R.M. Butt, A.W. Mann, R.C. Horwitz Lake Austin Uranium Deposit, Western Australia ...........................................9 12 . A.G. Heath DeutscherL R. , , C.R.M. Butt Hinkler Wel l- Centiped e Uranium Deposits ...............................................3 13 . D. Crabb . DudleyR , , A.W. Mann Lake Maitland Uranium Deposit..........................................................7 13 . R.J. Cavaney The Lake Raeside Uranium Deposit. ...'.................................................... 141 D.S. Gamble Lake Way Uranium Deposit Wiluna, Western Australia ...................................... 149 R.R. French, J.H. Alien The Yeelirrie Calcrete Uranium Deposit Western Australia ..................................7 15 . E. Cameron Uranium Series Disequilibriu Carnotite th mn i e Deposit f Westerso n Australia. .................5 16 . B.L Dickson Surficial Uranium Deposits in Botswana. ................................................... 171 C. Mortimer Surficial Uranium Deposits in Canada...................................................... 179 R.R. Culbert, D.R. Boyle, A.A. Levinson Depositos Superficiales de Uranio en el N orte de Chile. ...................................... 193 LE. Ferez Uranium Enrichment in European Peat Bogs................................................ 197 M.R. Wilson Dépôts Superficiels D'Uraniu Mauritanie..............................................n me 1 20 . P. Briot Surficial Uranium Deposit Namibia....................................................n si 5 20 . B.B. Hambleton-Jones Surficial Uranium Deposits in Somalia ..................................................... 217 P. Briot Surficial Uranium Deposits in South Africa ................................................. 221 B.B. Hambleton-Jones Surficial Uranium Occurenée Uniteé th n si d Republi f Tanzanico a ...............................1 23 . F. Bianconi . BorshofJ , f Surficial Uranium Deposits in the United States of America................................... 237 J.K. Otton Surficial Uranium Deposits: Summar Conclusions.....................................d yan 3 24 . J.K. Otton List of Participants and Co-Workers ....................................................... 249 INTRODUCTION P.D. TOENS Nuclear Development Corp. Southof Africa (PtyJLtd Pretoria, South Africa In order to achieve theobjectives as set out in the Foreword, this project was formally constituted in June 1981, and consiste groua f d o f scientist po s fro countriesn mte l withal , acknowledged expertis fiele th f surficiad o n ei l uranium deposits. This volum collective th es i e membere efforth f groupe o t th thei d f so an ,r associatesf o l al , whom have given of their time on a purely voluntary basis. This has been done with the full cooperation of the authoritie participatine th n si g countries which somn i , e cases, also bor travelline eth g expense atteno st d meetings comprehensivA . e lis f participanto t co-workerd f thio san sd volumeen givee s si th t n.a The group has had to contend with many problems, such as the reluctance of some countries to actively participate and the confidentiality of company-related information. A volume of this nature has therefore perforce many self-evident shortcomings meano n y regardeb e sb n ca d all-embracings da an regardee b bestn s it ca t t .A ,i d f 1983o d en . e ath s t representina s a t ar e state th gth f eo The discover surficiaf yo l uraniu depositse mor particulan i , r Yeelirrie, durin earle gth y seventies highlightee dth importanc surfacf eo e phenomena, other tha weatherine nth primarf go y uraniu depositse mor concentratinn ,i g uranium. Factors such as epeirogenesis and climatic stability are extremely important in the preservation of these deposits and in particular those that are Upper Tertiary to Recent in age. However, it is possible that certain surficial deposits could have been preserved under a protective sedimentary or volcanic cover. Although unanimit t beeno ns reachedyha t wouli , d seem that deposits usually termed uraniferous calcretes, dolocretes or gypcretes cannot, in the strict sense of the term, be described as such, since in numerous cases the CaCO conten . Althoug les% s i t 0 s1 thatermr e
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    Physical and Chemical Interactions Affecting U and V Transport from Mine Wastes Sumant Avasarala

    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Civil Engineering ETDs Engineering ETDs Spring 3-2-2018 Physical and Chemical Interactions Affecting U and V Transport from Mine Wastes Sumant Avasarala Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Avasarala, Sumant. "Physical and Chemical Interactions Affecting U and V Transport from Mine Wastes." (2018). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/205 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Engineering ETDs at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Civil Engineering ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sumant Avasarala Candidate Civil Engineering Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jose M. Cerrato , Chairperson Dr. Ricardo Gonzalez Pinzon Dr. Bruce Thomson Dr. Adrian Brearley Dr. Mehdi Ali i Sumant Avasarala B.S., Chemical Engineering, Anna University 2009, India M.S., Chemical Engineering, Wayne State University, 2012, U.S. DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Engineering The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May 2018 ii Dedication I would like to dedicate my PhD to my parents (Seshargiri Rao and Radha), my brother (Ashwin Avsasarala), my friends, and my grandfathers (V.V. Rao and Late Chalapathi Rao) without whose blessings, prayers, and support this journey would have never been possible. Special dedication to my best friend, Dr. Sriraam Ramanathan Chandrasekaran, who guided me and supported me through my rough times.
  • CNWRA Paper Element Mobility in Uranium Deposits of the Sierra

    CNWRA Paper Element Mobility in Uranium Deposits of the Sierra

    Elemental Mobility in Uranium Deposits of the Sierra Peiia Blanca as a Natural Analog of Radionuclide Migration in a High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository English C. Pearcy and M. Murphy Southwest ResearchWilliam Institute San Antonio, Texas Phillip C. Goodell University of Texas El Paso, Texas For many years research interest in uranium ore deposits was mainly directed toward understanding the mechanisms and processes of formation of the deposits. Motivation for these studies derived from the economic value of the uranium as fuel for nuclear reactors. More recently, concern with disposal of the spent nuclear fuel has prompted research on uranium deposits because they can provide information on the behavior of nuclear waste in geologic repositories. Because high-level nuclear waste (HLW) will constitute a threat to public safety for many thousands of years, it is necessary to attempt to predict the performance of a HLW repository far into the future. Although such times are short on a geologic scale, they are far in excess of experimental capabilities. In addition, the size of a geologic repository greatly exceed that of laboratory facilities. One approach to theseHLW problems of large timewill and space scales is to study natural systems. For example, natural materials which approximate components of a repository may be studied to gain a better understanding of the behavior to be expected from the repsirory marerial. Similarly, a process which occurs (or has occurred) in nature and which may be significant to the performance of a repository may be investigated to learn of possible effects on a repository system. By studying such natural analogs, which have existed for time spans comparable to radionuclide isolation requirements and which are of comparable scale to a repository, the uncertainty inherent in projecting such large scale processes far into the future can be reduced.