GOGA, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and Point Reyes
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SUBMER ED CUL TU AL ilESOURC S ASSES MENT GOLDEN GATE NAT NAL RECREA GULF OF THE FARAL ONES TIONAL MARINE S CTUARY and POINT EYES NATIONA SEASHOR SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT GOLDEN GATE NATIONAL RECREATION AREA GULF OF THE FARALLONES NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY and POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE By JAMES P. DELGADO National Maritime Initiative Division of History Washington, D.C. and STEPHEN A. HALLER Golden Gate National Recreation Area San Francisco, California Prepared for The United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, and The United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area 1989 Southwest Cultural Resources Center Professional Papers Number 18 Santa Fe, New Mexico SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES UNIT REPORT AND PUBLICATION SERIES The Submerged Cultural Resources Unit (SCRU) was established in 1980 to conduct research on submerged cultural resources throughout the National Park System with an emphasis on historic shipwrecks. One of the unit's primary responsibilities is to disseminate the results of research to National Park Service managers, as well as the professional community; in a form that meets resource management needs and adds to our understanding of the resource base. A report series has been initiated in order to fulfill this responsibility. The following are the categories of reports that comprise this series. Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment First line document that consists of a brief literature search, an overview of the maritime history and the known or potential underwater sites in the park, and preliminary recommendations for long-term management. It is designed to have application to GMP/DCP's and to become a source document for a park's Submerged Cultural Resources Management Plan. Submerged Cultural Resources Survey Comprehensive examination of blocks of park lands for the purpose of locating and identifying as much- of the submerged cultural resources base as possible. A comprehensive literature .search ·would most likely be a part of the Phase I repor-t but, in some cases, may be postponed until Phase -IL �'· · Phase !--Reconnaissance of target areas with remote sensing and visual survey techniques to establish location of any archeological sites or anomalous features that may suggest the presence of archeological sites. Phase 11--Evaluation of archeological sites or anomalous features derived from remote sensing instruments to confirm their nature and, if possible, their significance. This may involve exploratory removal of overburden. Submerged Cultural Resources Study A document that discusses, in detail, all known underwater archeological sites in a given park. This may involve test excavations. The intended audience is managerial and professional, not the general public. Submerged Cultural Resources Site Report . Exhaustive documentation of one archeological site which may involve a partial or complete site excavation. The intended audience is primarily professional and incidentally managerial. Although the document may be useful to a park's interpretive specialists because of its information content, it would probably not be suitable for general distribution to park visitors. Submerged Cultural Resources Special Report Series These may be in published or photocopy format. Included are special commentaries, papers on methodological or technical issues pertinent to underwater archeology, or any miscellaneous report that does not appropriately fit into one of the other categories. Daniel J. Lenihan Chief, SCRU Santa Fe, New Mexico ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES UNIT REPORT AND . PUBLICATION SERIES ..................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS . 111 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................. v11 FOREWORD . viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . x INTRODUCTION . GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT Location . 3 Environment . 3 HISTORICAL CONTEXTS OF VESSELS WRECKED IN THE PROJECT AREA Introduction . 7 Maritime Development on the Pacific Coast, 1542-1945 . 7 Maritime Trade Contexts for Vessels Wrecked in the Project Area . 10 Observations on the Significance of Vessels Wrecked in the Project Area_ 13 SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES Historical Research . 15 Archeological Research: SS Tennessee . 15 Environmentally Exposed Shipwreck Remains: Rodeo Lagoon, Neptune, Porno, and King Philip/Reporter . 17 Drakes Bay Remote Sensing Survey, Reconnaissance, and Inventory . 20 Ocean Beach Remote-Sensing Survey . 20 Interpretation . 21 Collections Management . 22 VESSEL LOSSES, POINT SAN PEDRO TO POINT LOBOS Aberdeen, 1916 . 25 Aimer, 1871 . 27 Ann Perry, 1865 . 27 Atlantic, 1886 . 28 Beeswing, 1863 . 30 Bessie Everding, 1888 . 31 Brignardello, 1868 . 32 Cornelius W. Lawrence, 1851 . 34 Drumburton, 1904 . 36 Dublin, 1882 . 37 Eliza, 1871 . 37 Eureka, 1902 . 38 F. W. Bailey, 1863 . 39 Gifford, 1903 . 41 iii J. Sarkie, 1851 . 41 James Rolph, 1913 . 42 Julia Castner, 1859 . 43 Josephine Wilcutt, 1872 . 43 King Philip, 1878 . 44 Neptune, 1900 . 46 Ohioan, 1936 . 48 Parallel, 1887 . 50 Reporter, 1902 . 52 Robert Henderson, 1850 . 54 W. H. Gawley, 1880 . 55 William L. Beebe, 1884 . 56 William Frederick, 1887 ............., . 57 Yosemite, 1926 . 58 VESSEL LOSSES, LAND'S END WRECKS Caroline Amelia, 1850 . 61 Coos Bay, 1927 . 61 Elko, 1881 . 63 Frank H. Buck, 1937 . 65 Frank Jones, 1877 . 66 George Lou is, 1882 . 68 Java, 1854 . 68 Lyman A. Stewart, 1922 . 69 Unnamed Scow, 1892 . 70 Schah Jehan. 1867 . 70 Trifolicum, 1914 . 71 Viscata, 1868 . 71 VESSEL LOSSES, FORT POINT TO FORT MASON, AND ALCATRAZ ISLAND Aberdeen, 1853 . 75 Chateau Palmer, 1856 . 76 City of Chester, 1886 . 76 City of Rio de Janeiro, 1901 . 78 General Cushing, 1858 . 80 Golden Fleece, 1854 . 81 Granada, 1860 . 83 Isaac Jeanes, 1876 . 84 Ol iver Cutts, 1868 . 84 Samoset, 1852 . 85 VESSEL LOSSES, LIME POINT TO POINT BONITA H. L. Tiernan, 1882 . 87 Lime Point, 1878 . 87 Pathfinder, 1900 . 88 VESSEL LOSSES, POINT BONITA TO TENNESSEE POINT City of New York, 1893 . 91 Daisy Rowe, 1900 . ..