The Advent of Ottoman Gunpowder Technology in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
MILITARY VEHICLES MILITARY VEHICLES Aitegrn N Al Approach
anNTE I GRAL APPROACH MILITARY VEHICLES MILITARY VEHICLES AI N NTEGRal APPROACH A CASE IN POINT THE CV9035NL INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE At TNO, we are well aware of the difficulties − Protection: mine protection qualification connected with the acquisition of advanced test for accurate assessment of the load military systems. By this we mean any on the human body in case of a mine system, like the next generation Infantry attack. Fighting Vehicles. For one thing, this will − Firepower: target definition, munitions require you to look ahead, sometimes for lethality analysis, munitions develop- the next three or more decades. Which is, ment, and firing doctrine determination TNO.NL of course, a complicated matter. TNO has in connection with the gun system At TNO Defence, Safety and A military vehicle is always a compromise. been acting as a strategic partner to the calibre. Security more than 1,000 scientific A few extra inches of armour will provide Netherlands MoD for many years now. This − Mobility: operational analysis of mobility TNO researchers, engineers, IT and more safety. But it also means more weight is one of the reasons why we are confident requirements to support tracked or TNO is an independent innovation organisa- and less mobility. The ideal military vehicle operations research specialists and that we will be able to help you solve any wheeled solutions. tion that connects people and knowledge should always be custom-made for its problem in connection with protection, − Command & Control: 10 years of in order to create the innovations that countless other experts daily work anticipated mission. -
ASTRA MILITARUM SOLDIERS of the IMPERIUM These Datasheets Allow You to Fight Apocalypse Battles with Your Astra Militarum Miniatures
ASTRA MILITARUM SOLDIERS OF THE IMPERIUM These datasheets allow you to fight Apocalypse battles with your Astra Militarum miniatures. Each datasheet includes the characteristics profiles of the unit it describes, as well as any wargear and special abilities it may have. KEYWORDS Throughout these datasheets you will come across the <Regiment> keyword. This is shorthand for a keyword of your choosing, as described below. <REGIMENT> Most Astra Militarum units are drawn from a regiment. Some datasheets specify which regiment the unit is drawn from (e.g. Mukaali Riders have the Tallarn keyword, so are drawn from the Tallarn Regiment), but where a datasheet does not, it will have the <Regiment> keyword. When you include such a unit in your army, you must nominate which regiment that unit is from. You then simply replace the <Regiment> keyword in every instance on that unit’s datasheet with the name of your chosen regiment. For example, if you were to include an Atlas Recovery Tank in your army, and you decided it was from Vostroya, its <Regiment> Faction keyword is changed to Vostroyan and its Recovery Vehicle ability would then read: ‘At the end of the Action phase, this unit can to repair one friendly Vostroyan Vehicle unit in base contact with it. If it does, remove one damage marker from that Vehicle unit. Only one attempt to repair each unit can be made each turn.’ ATLAS RECOVERY TANK 5 An Atlas Recovery Tank is a unit that contains 1 model. It is equipped with: Heavy Bolter; Armoured Hull. M WS BS A W Ld Sv Atlas Recovery Tank 12" 6+ 4+ 1 2 5 6+ WEAPON TYPE RANGE A SAP SAT ABILITIES Heavy Bolter Heavy 36" 1 7+ 9+ - Heavy Stubber Heavy 36" 1 8+ 10+ - Storm Bolter Small Arms 24" 1 9+ 10+ Rapid Fire Armoured Hull Melee Melee User 10+ 10+ - WARGEAR OPTIONS • This unit can also be equipped with one of the following (Power Rating +1): 1 Heavy Stubber; 1 Storm Bolter. -
Gunpowder on MYSTARA Unpowder-Using Siege Weapons-Is a Novelty in the Known World Since 1014 AC
Gunpowder on MYSTARA unpowder-using siege weapons-is a novelty in the Known World since 1014 AC. An obscure Cleric from the Heldannic Order, Brother Berthold Schwartz of Freiburg (now deceased), claimed to be the inventor of gunpowder. That can’t be Gprov ed since it appeared in various areas almost at the same time. Of course, this is reason enough for the kindly Heldannic bunch to feel that all the other nations have no right to use this holy weapon sent by Vanya. It would seem that gunpowder is a byproduct of the Great War between Thyatis and Alphatia. he nations that have access to gunpowder could be Thyatis, Karameikos, the Heldannic Knights, Darokin, Rockhome, and faraway Ochalea. Glantri, of course, would probably seek to have every speck of this despicable, non-magical (as Tthey see it) filth scoured from the surface of Mystara (“Peh! There isn’t enough of this evil powder in King Stefen’s Mad Mary to rival our Glantrian fireballs!“). Between these two extremes lie the “have-nots.” Some don’t really care or aren’t wealthy enough for this kind of novelty (like Ierendi, Minrothad Guilds, Aengmor, Five Shires, Ethengar, Northern Reaches, Ylaruam, and Wendar), but might be able to acquire it if needed. A host of others are frothing at the mouth for the skills and secrets necessary to create the precious gunpowder and the weapons that utilize it. In the latter group would fall all Humanoids, Hule, and most of the Isle of Dawn nations. None of them would be above kidnapping, blackmail, and other treachery to acquire what they want. -
Conquering the Conqueror at Belgrade (1456) and Rhodes (1480
Conquering the conqueror at Belgrade (1456) and Rhodes (1480): irregular soldiers for an uncommon defense Autor(es): De Vries, Kelly Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/41538 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_30_13 Accessed : 5-Oct-2021 13:38:47 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Kelly DeVries Revista de Historia das Ideias Vol. 30 (2009) CONQUERING THE CONQUEROR AT BELGRADE (1456) AND RHODES (1480): IRREGULAR SOLDIERS FOR AN UNCOMMON DEFENSE(1) Describing Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II's military goals in the mid- -fifteenth century, contemporary Ibn Kemal writes: "Like the world-illuminating sun he succumbed to the desire for world conquest and it was his plan to burn with overpowering fire the agricultural lands of the rebellious rulers who were in the provinces of the land of Rüm [the Byzantine Empire!. -
Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan
Christian Allies of the Ottoman Empire by Emrah Safa Gürkan The relationship between the Ottomans and the Christians did not evolve around continuous hostility and conflict, as is generally assumed. The Ottomans employed Christians extensively, used Western know-how and technology, and en- couraged European merchants to trade in the Levant. On the state level, too, what dictated international diplomacy was not the religious factors, but rather rational strategies that were the results of carefully calculated priorities, for in- stance, several alliances between the Ottomans and the Christian states. All this cooperation blurred the cultural bound- aries and facilitated the flow of people, ideas, technologies and goods from one civilization to another. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Christians in the Service of the Ottomans 3. Ottoman Alliances with the Christian States 4. Conclusion 5. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Citation Introduction Cooperation between the Ottomans and various Christian groups and individuals started as early as the beginning of the 14th century, when the Ottoman state itself emerged. The Ottomans, although a Muslim polity, did not hesitate to cooperate with Christians for practical reasons. Nevertheless, the misreading of the Ghaza (Holy War) literature1 and the consequent romanticization of the Ottomans' struggle in carrying the banner of Islam conceal the true nature of rela- tions between Muslims and Christians. Rather than an inevitable conflict, what prevailed was cooperation in which cul- tural, ethnic, and religious boundaries seemed to disappear. Ÿ1 The Ottomans came into contact and allied themselves with Christians on two levels. Firstly, Christian allies of the Ot- tomans were individuals; the Ottomans employed a number of Christians in their service, mostly, but not always, after they had converted. -
Civilians in Cyberwarfare: Conscripts
Civilians in Cyberwarfare: Conscripts Susan W. Brenner* with Leo L. Clarke** ABSTRACT Civilian-owned and -operated entities will almost certainly be a target in cyberwarfare because cyberattackers are likely to be more focused on undermining the viability of the targeted state than on invading its territory. Cyberattackers will probably target military computer systems, at least to some extent, but in a departure from traditional warfare, they will also target companies that operate aspects of the victim nation’s infrastructure. Cyberwarfare, in other words, will penetrate the territorial borders of the attacked state and target high-value civilian businesses. Nation-states will therefore need to integrate the civilian employees of these (and perhaps other) companies into their cyberwarfare response structures if a state is to be able to respond effectively to cyberattacks. While many companies may voluntarily elect to participate in such an effort, others may decline to do so, which creates a need, in effect, to conscript companies for this purpose. This Article explores how the U.S. government can go about compelling civilian cooperation in cyberwarfare without violating constitutional guarantees and limitations on the power of the Legislature and the Executive. * NCR Distinguished Professor of Law and Technology, University of Dayton School of Law. ** Associate, Drew, Cooper & Anding, P.C., Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1011 1012 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law [Vol. 43:1011 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................. -
From Jerusalem to Malta: the Hospital's Character and Evolution1 from Peregrinationes, a Publication of the Accademia Internazionale Melitense
From Jerusalem to Malta: the Hospital's character and evolution1 From Peregrinationes, a publication of the Accademia Internazionale Melitense Anthony Luttrell The origins of the Order of St. John remain somewhat obscure, and the homelands of the founder Girardus, perhaps an Italian, and of the first Master Fr. Raymond de Podio, possibly French or Provençal, are unknown. The emergence of the Hospital was an aspect of the profound religious revival in the West which generated a reformed papacy, monastic renewal based on Cluny, lay movements for the support of charity and hospitals, and the first crusade. Probably in about 1070 various merchants from Amalfi, and perhaps from elsewhere in Southern Italy, founded a hospice for Latin pilgrims in Jerusalem which was attached to the Benedictine house of Sancta Maria Latina; subsequently a second house was established for women. These hospices were for pilgrims and especially for the poor rather than for the medically sick. Their staff may have been lay brethren under some vow of obedience. The hospices seem not to have had their own incomes or endowments, their resources coming from the Amalfitans and the Benedictines and perhaps also from pilgrims and other visitors2. The crusaders' conquest of 1099 brought fundamental change to Jerusalem which became a Christian city. The number of Latin pilgrims and poor increased, the Holy Sepulchre was occupied by Latin canons and the Greek Patriarch was replaced by a Latin one. The Benedictines of Sancta Maria Latina lost their predominance in Jerusalem. The Latin hospice survived under its competent leader Girardus; it was detached from Sancta Maria Latina and was somehow associated with the Holy Sepulchre nearby. -
Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 1
Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 1 Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Artillery Through the Ages A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America Author: Albert Manucy Release Date: January 30, 2007 [EBook #20483] Language: English Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 2 Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Christine P. Travers and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Conrad L. Wirth, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. -- Price 35 cents (Cover) FRENCH 12-POUNDER FIELD GUN (1700-1750) ARTILLERY THROUGH THE AGES A Short Illustrated History of Cannon, Emphasizing Types Used in America Artillery Through the Ages, by Albert Manucy 3 by ALBERT MANUCY Historian Southeastern National Monuments Drawings by Author Technical Review by Harold L. Peterson National Park Service Interpretive Series History No. 3 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1949 (Reprint 1956) Many of the types of cannon described in this booklet may be seen in areas of the National Park System throughout the country. -
The Transfer of Military Technology and Tactics Between Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire, C
COLIN IMBER THE TRANSFER OF MILITARY TECHNOLOGY AND TACTICS BETWEEN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, C. 1400-C. 1600 It was once common for European historians to describe the Ottomans as inherently incompetent in military as much as in governmental and cultural matters, and to attribute Ottoman success in war to the employ- ment of European “renegades.” While this view is now largely discred- ited, it still exercises a lingering influence and still tempts historians to take an oversimplified view of intellectual, technical and cultural exchanges between Europe and the Ottoman Empire. It also conceals a problem with the notion of “Europe” itself. Historians generally use the term to refer specifically to western and central Europe, but even accepting this definition, “Europe” was not a homogeneous entity and so to refer simply to “European” influences on the Ottoman Empire is largely meaningless. It is necessary rather to establish where in Europe the influences were coming from. Another tendency has been to regard cases where the Ottomans did not adopt European technologies or prac- tices as examples of Ottoman “failure,” without considering the context. In the military sphere, for example, the Ottomans before 1600 “failed” to adopt the tactic of deploying disciplined battlefield formations of pike- men and arquebusiers which had proved effective in Western Europe. In reality, however, this formation would have been useless for warfare in the mountains and desert fringes on the Ottoman eastern and southern My thanks to Professor Daniel Szechi for his invaluable comments on the first draft of this article. Turcica, 51, 2020, p. -
Downloaded License
Journal of early modern history (2021) 1-36 brill.com/jemh Lepanto in the Americas: Global Storytelling and Mediterranean History Stefan Hanß | ORCID: 0000-0002-7597-6599 The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK [email protected] Abstract This paper reveals the voices, logics, and consequences of sixteenth-century American storytelling about the Battle of Lepanto; an approach that decenters our perspective on the history of that battle. Central and South American storytelling about Lepanto, I argue, should prompt a reconsideration of historians’ Mediterranean-centered sto- rytelling about Lepanto—the event—by studying the social dynamics of its event- making in light of early modern global connections. Studying the circulation of news, the symbolic power of festivities, indigenous responses to Lepanto, and the autobi- ographical storytelling of global protagonists participating at that battle, this paper reveals how storytelling about Lepanto burgeoned in the Spanish overseas territories. Keywords Battle of Lepanto – connected histories – production of history – global history – Mediterranean – Ottoman Empire – Spanish Empire – storytelling Connecting Lepanto On October 7, 1571, an allied Spanish, Papal, and Venetian fleet—supported by several smaller Catholic principalities and military entrepreneurs—achieved a major victory over the Ottoman navy in the Ionian Sea. Between four hundred and five hundred galleys and up to 140,000 people were involved in one of the largest naval battles in history, fighting each other on the west coast of Greece.1 1 Alessandro Barbero, Lepanto: la battaglia dei tre imperi, 3rd ed. (Rome, 2010), 623-634; Hugh Bicheno, Crescent and Cross: the Battle of Lepanto 1571 (London, 2003), 300-318; Peter Pierson, © Stefan Hanss, 2021 | doi:10.1163/15700658-bja10039 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license. -
Fall of Constantinople] Pmunc 2018 Contents
[FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 CONTENTS Letter from the Chair and CD………....…………………………………………....[3] Committee Description…………………………………………………………….[4] The Siege of Constantinople: Introduction………………………………………………………….……. [5] Sailing to Byzantium: A Brief History……...………....……………………...[6] Current Status………………………………………………………………[9] Keywords………………………………………………………………….[12] Questions for Consideration……………………………………………….[14] Character List…………………...………………………………………….[15] Citations……..…………………...………………………………………...[23] 2 [FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Dear delegates, Welcome to PMUNC! My name is Atakan Baltaci, and I’m super excited to conquer a city! I will be your chair for the Fall of Constantinople Committee at PMUNC 2018. We have gathered the mightiest commanders, the most cunning statesmen and the most renowned scholars the Ottoman Empire has ever seen to achieve the toughest of goals: conquering Constantinople. This Sultan is clever and more than eager, but he is also young and wants your advice. Let’s see what comes of this! Sincerely, Atakan Baltaci Dear delegates, Hello and welcome to PMUNC! I am Kris Hristov and I will be your crisis director for the siege of Constantinople. I am pleased to say this will not be your typical committee as we will focus more on enacting more small directives, building up to the siege of Constantinople, which will require military mobilization, finding the funds for an invasion and the political will on the part of all delegates.. Sincerely, Kris Hristov 3 [FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE] PMUNC 2018 COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION The year is 1451, and a 19 year old has re-ascended to the throne of the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed II is now assembling his Imperial Court for the grandest city of all: Constantinople! The Fall of Constantinople (affectionately called the Conquest of Istanbul by the Turks) was the capture of the Byzantine Empire's capital by the Ottoman Empire. -
Great Siege of Malta: the Christian Defenders
Great Siege of Malta: The Christian Defenders Army Commander (40pts) Roll a D6 (1-Ld 7, 2-4 Ld 8, 5-6-Ld9) Infantry Commander – 40 pts, Ld 8 Cavalry Commander – 40 pts, Ld 8 Army Special Rules • At least one-third of the units must be Maltese (any mix Nobles, Horsemen and Militia) • Any Horse or Foot units in the army can be downgraded to ‘Small’ at -6 Points each Siege Equipment • Up to a quarter of all infantry units may be given incendiary weapons – opposing units are at -1 to hit and reduce their morale save by 1 (+6 pts per unit). The Horse Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Knights Heavy Lance, 9 0 3+ 4 Heavy 70pts Hospitallers Cavalry Sword Cavalry+1, Elite 4+ Fanatic Maximum 1 unit Unit Unit Weapons Hand to Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type Hand Value Value Value Maltese Heavy Lance, 8 0 4+ 4 Heavy 53pts Nobles Cavalry Sword Cavalry+1 Maximum 1 unit – may only be fielded if the Knights of St John are also fielded. Unit Unit Type Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points to Value Value Hand Value Maltese Light Light 6 1 5+ 3 36pts Horsemen Skirmisher Lance, Horse Sword, Pistol Maximum 2 units (Light Lance – enemy units, horse or foot, are at-1morale if charged) Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Mounted Cavalry Arquebus 7 1 4+ 3 Caracole 39pts Arquebusiers Maximum 1 unit in the army The Foot Unit Unit Weapons Hand Shooting Morale Stamina Special Points Type to Value Value Hand Value Knights Foot