DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissociation of Cyanogen Halides in Shock Waves A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissociation of Cyanogen Halides in Shock Waves A I DISSOCIATION OF CYANOGEN HALIDES IN SHOCK WAVES A Thesis presented by PETER JOHN KAYES in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Chemistry Cellge of Science .:.rd Techn.ology j,..21y 1972 2 ABSTRACT In this thesis, an investigation of the decomposition of cyanogen bromide and cyanogen chloride is reported. The light emitted from the CN radical behind incident shocks is used to monitor the kinetics and mathematical modelling techniques are used to simulate the observed intensity profiles, so that the reaction mechanism can be elucidated and rate constants for the important elementary steps determined. In Chapter I, the background theory to reaction rates and shock tube operation is described. The experimental methods employed throughout this work are presented in Chapter II. 4n introduction to the theories of luminous systems and the use of intensity measurements in kinetic studies is given in Chapter III. The absolute calibration, using the light emitted from shock heated sulphur dioxide as an intermediate. standard, is also reported in this chapter.- The numerical methods, used in the simulation of the experimental intensity profiles, are discussed in Chapter IV. In Chapter V, a review of the kinetics and emission from CN containing systems is presented. The experimental results for the decomposition of cyanogen bromide and cyanogen chloride are reported in terms of an apparent rate of reaction in Chanters VI and M. The simulation of the apnarent rate and the detailed intensity profiles, using the mathematical modelling techniques described in Chanter IV, are also discussed. In all four separate mechanisms for the decompositions are described: classical chain kinetics and more unconventional energy chain mechanisms involving vibrationally excited species are discussed. In Chapter VIII a separate study of the ecuilibrium emission from shock heated sulphur dioxide/argon mixtures (some dosed with oxygen) 3 is presented and discussed in terms of the 0 + SO chemiluminescence. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMMTS It is my pleasure to thank Dr. Bryan P. Levitt for his guidance, supervision and unfailing encouragement during the course of this work. I am indebted to Professor R.M. Barrer, F.R.S. for providing the research facilities in the Department of Chemistry at Imperial College. I thank the Science Research Council for my Research Studentship. I particularly thank Mr. J. Bilton for conducting the mass spectroscopic analysis of the gas samples; Mr. H. Cobley (and the Workshop staff), Mr. A. Madell (and the staff of the Glass-blowing section) and Mr. D. Alger (and the staff of the Instrument section) for their help in maintaining and improving the shock tube and associated equipment. I thank the University of London Computing Centre for the use of the CDC 6600 computer and Imperial College Computing Centre for the use of their IBM 7090/4 and CDC 6400 computers. I also wish to thank the staff of the Program Advisory Service at Imperial College for their help and suggestions in developing the program PROFIL. Finally, it is my privilege to thank my parents for their continued interest and support in the completion of this work. 5 PREFACE The contents of this thesis are divided into three parts. In part I, the general theory underlying the determination of reaction kinetics and the application of shock tube methods are outlined. The experimental methods, which are common to the kinetic investigations reported later in the thesis, are also given. In Part II, the experimental results and discussion of the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the cyanogen halides, BrCN and C1CN , are presented. A separate kinetic investigation of the equilibrium emission obtained behind incident shocks into sulphur dioxide/argon mixtures, is reported in Part III. It is worthwhile commenting that the SO 2 work was conducted first and arose out of the absolute calibration procedure reported in Part I. The study of the pyrolysis of cyanogen bromide followed this and represents the bulk of the work undertaken. The final brief investigation of the pyrolysis of cyanogen chloride is closely related to the cyanogen bromide work, both in experimental technique and analysis. 6 CONTENTS PART I THE INTRODUCTION ArD THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SHOCK TUBE TECHNIQUES PAGE CHAPTER I GAS PHASE KINETICS 1:1 Introduction 14 1:2 The Reaction Rate Constant 14 1:3 Theoretical Considerations 14 1:3:1 Dissociation and detailed rate theory 16 1:3:2 Concluding remarks 22 1:4 The Shock Tube Applied to the Investigation of Reaction Kinetics 23 1:5 Shock Wave Formation and Propagation 24 1:6 Shock Tube Coordinates and Nomenclature 15 1:7 Time Scales 26 1:8 Processes Occurring Behind Incident Shock Waves 28 1:9 Boundary Layer Formation 29 CHAPTER II EXPERIMENTAL =HODS 2:1 Introduction 34 2:2 The Shock Tube 34 2:2:1 The driver section 34 2:2:2 The test section 36 2:2:3 The dump tank 37 2:2:4 The windows 38 7 PAGE 2:3 The Glass Vacuum Line 38 2:3:1 The gas handling limb 40 2:3:2 The pressure measuring limb 40 2:4. The Pumping System 41 2:5 Leak Detection 44 2:6 Diaphragms 45 2:7 Gas Preparation 46 2:8 Gas Purification 47 2:9 The Instrumentation 48 2:9:1 The optical system 50 2:9:2 The monochromators 50 2:9:3 The electronics 52 2:9:4. The timer photomultipliers 52 2:9:5 The pulse shaper 53 2:9:6 Signal matching 53 2:9:7 The quantitative photomultipliers 54 2:9:8 The oscilloscopes 55 2:9:9 The overall rise—time 55 CHAPTER III EMISSION FROM SHOCK HEATED GASES 3:1 Introduction 56 3:2 Thermal ?mission 57 3:2:1 Quenching probabilities 58 3:3 Chemiluminescence 62 3:4. The Absolute Calibration Using the Thermal Emission from Shock 64 Heated Sulphur Dioxide as an Intermediate Standard 3:4:1 Procedure 67 8 PART II - THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF THE CYANOGEN HALIDES: BrCN AND C1CN PAGE CHAPTF12 IV COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES 4:1 Introduction 72 4:1:1 Machine methods 74 4:2 The Program (FROFIL) Description 76 4:2:1 Input 77 4:2:2 Preliminary calculations 78 a) Shock front b) Equilibrium 9) The rate constants d) Experimental data 202:3 Integration 81 4:2:4 Integration control 83 4:2:5 Diagnostic information 84 4:3 Flow Corrections 86 4:4 The Analysis 87 4:4:1 The preliminary analysis - The apparent rate 87 constant (Ke) )+:4:2 Detailed fitting - The simulated profiles 91 CHAPTER V CN Ca1TAINT7G SYSTEMS 5:1 The Kinetics of CKX Systems 94 9 PAGE 5:1:1 Previous investigations 94 5:1:2 Theoretical calculations 100 5:1:3 The thermochemistry of the CN radical 102 5:2 Emission from Systems Containing Carbon and Nitrogen 107 5:2:1 Previous investigations 107 5:2:2 Equilibrium populations of the electronic states of CN 110 5:2:3 The AV = Al band of the CN violet (B2E 7(22:) 112 emission 5:2:k Impurities 112 5:3 The Emissivity of the CN Molecule 114 5:3:1 Experimental 116 5:3:2 Results 116 CHAPTER VI THE PYROLYSIS OF CYANOGEN BROMIDE 6:1 Introduction 120 6:2 Results 120 6:2:1 The emission profiles at A = 11 21.5nm 120 a) Lean mixtures b) Rich mixtures 6:2:2 The rate of rise of emission at 421.5 nm 125 a) Lean mixtures b) Rich mixtures c) Intermediate mixtures d.) Time resolution e) Optical thickness 6:2:3 The alnarent seconi order rate comtant (Ka) 137 6:2:4 Errors 142 6:3 Schere - A 'Simple' Dissociation lechanism 143 10 PAGE 6:3:1 Discussion — The computer predictions for scheme I 143 a) Rich mixtures b) Lean mixtures 6:4 Scheme II — A Simple Chain Mechanism 147 a) Initial estimates for the rate constants 6:4:1 Discussion — The computer simulations for scheme II 156 a) Rich mixtures b) Lean mixtures 6:1+:2 Conclusions from scheme II simulations — Comparison of 170 computer and experimental profiles 6:4:3 Possible modifications to scheme II 178 a) Possible effects due to contamination 6:5 Scheme III — An Energy Chain Branching Mechanism 180 a) General considerations 6:5:1 A + BC ---*— ABv° + C reactions 182 a) Energy chains — Previous investigations b) Reactions involving vibrationally excited cyanogen c) The degree cf vibrational excitation (a 0) for the vo reaction: BrCN + CN --4— C N + Br 2 2 6:5:2 The thermodynamics of C2'N 2 v, 193 6:5:3 Estimates for the rate constants 196 6:5:4. Discussion — The computer simulations for Scheme III 198 a) Lean mixtures b) Rich mixtures 6:5:5 Conclusions from scheme III simulations 206 a) Lean mixtures — 3000 to 4300K b) Lean mixtures — less than 3000K c) Rich mixtures /, a) The significance of the best fit values of ' '12 and 1;13 11 PAGE 6:6 The Comparison of Results from Schemes II and III 218 6:6:1 The comparison with the predictions of Keck and Kalelkar 222 6:6:2 Uncertainties in the rate constants as determined from 223 the computer modelling 6:7 Scheme IV - The Solution by Iteration of the Average Energy of 223 Excitation (Ev) at the Moment of Dissociation a) Assumptions b) The rate constants c) The computation 6:7:1 Discussion - The computer predictions of from scheme IV 226 6:8 Concluding Remarks 230 6:9 Recommendations for Future Work 233. CHAPTER VII THE PYROLYSIS OF CYANMEN CHLORIDE 7:1 IntrodUction 232 7:2 Results 232 7:2:1 The emission profiles at X = 421 5 nm 232 7:2:2 The apparent rate constant (Ka) 232 7:3 Discussion and Comparison with the Computer Predictions 236 7:4 Conclusion 244 7:4:1 An energy chain mechanism 244 7:4.:2 Lean mixtures: 'Shuffle' mechanism 246 7:4:3 Rich mixtures and Lean mixtures at high temperatures 247 7:5 Recommendations for Future Work 248 PART.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiocyanate In
    Investigative Forensic Sciences © All rights are reserved by Buddha D. Paul and Thomas Research Article Open Access Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiocyanate in Human Saliva by a Unique Iodine-Azide-Chromogenic Substrate Reaction and its Application in Distinguishing Tobacco Smokers from Non-Smokers† Buddha D. Paul and Thomas Bosy Division of Forensic Toxicology, Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, Dover AFB, Delaware, USA. Abstract A method to detect thiocyanate (SCN) in human saliva is presented. Thiocyanate concentrations appear to be diagnostic when classifying smokers or non-smokers, and in determining some clinical conditions. The method involves the reaction of SCN with excess iodine and azide, and spectroscopic detection of unreacted iodine by a chromogenic substrate, ABTS. The calibration was linear over the range of 12.5-150 µmol/L (slope = 0.0086 delta-Abs/SCN µmol/L, intercept = -0.0160 delta-Abs, R2 0.9998). The method was applied to analyze 29 saliva specimens. The results were similar to those obtained from a gas chromatography-mass 2 spectrometry method (slope = 0.9595, R 0.9790). Based on Grubbs equation applied to specimens from non-smoking subjects, a threshold concentration of 1100 µmol/L for SCN was determined to distinguish smokers from the non-smokers. The SCN concentrations in 18 out of 20 saliva specimens collected from 2 smokers were above this threshold. The specimens from smokers were also examined for nicotine and cotinine by a GCMS method. While nicotine concentrations were found to vary, the cotinine concentrations remained stable, 134+29 ng/mL. Generally, the presence of nicotine/cotinine in specimens only indicates exposure to tobacco products, but the presence of any of these compounds with elevated SCN, is an indication of smoking.
    [Show full text]
  • Calarp) Program
    California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program Administering Agency Guidance January 31, 2005 Preface This document provides general guidance to help Administering Agencies (AAs) implement and enforce the California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program. The intent is to identify the elements of the Program applicable to each regulated business, and assist AAs with oversight of the CalARP Program statutes and regulations. This document is not a substitute for the CalARP Program regulations; it does not impose legally binding requirements. About This Document This document follows the format of the California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 2, Chapter 4.5: California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Program. The regulatory sections are presented in parentheses for ease of reference. Acknowledgements The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) would like to thank the following people for their valuable assistance in the preparation of this document: Howard Wines, Hazardous Materials Specialist, City of Bakersfield Fire Department Robert Distaso P.E., Fire Safety Engineer, Orange County Fire Authority Randall L. Sawyer, Supervisor, Accidental Release Prevention Programs, Contra Costa County Health Services Department Beronia Beniamine, Senior Hazardous Materials Specialist, Stanislaus County Environmental Resources Department Angie Proboszcz, Risk Management Program Coordinator, USEPA Region 9 Jon Christenson, Senior Environmental Health Specialist, Merced County Department of Public Health Teresa
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop
    Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop February 6-8, 2008 Orlando, Florida Edited by Andrew W. Bruckner Glynnis G. Roberts U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-40 August 2008 This publication should be cited as: Bruckner, A.W. and G. Roberts (editors). 2008. Proceedings of the International Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-40, Silver Spring, MD 164 pp. Signifi cant support for the development of this document was provided by NOAA Fisheries, Offi ce of Habitat Conservation, and NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program. The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and the participants of the workshop, and do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial views or policies of the U.S. Government, NOAA or DOS. Front Cover Images: (Top) James Cervino – A fi sher uses cyanide to catch marine ornamental fi sh; (Bottom) Stephen Why – Pens used in Micronesia to hold live reef food fi sh. Additional copies of this publication may be requested from: John Foulks National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Offi ce of Habitat Conservation 1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 [email protected] Proceedings of the Cyanide Detection Testing Workshop Edited by Andrew W. Bruckner and Glynnis G. Roberts Offi ce of Habitat Conservation Ecosystem Assessment Division NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-40 August 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Vice Admiral Conrad C.
    [Show full text]
  • Solubility and Solution-Phase Chemistry of Isocyanic Acid, Methyl Isocyanate, 2 and Cyanogen Halides 3 4 5 6 James M
    Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1160 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 9 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Solubility and Solution-phase Chemistry of Isocyanic Acid, Methyl Isocyanate, 2 and Cyanogen Halides 3 4 5 6 James M. Roberts1, and Yong Liu2 7 8 1. NOAA/ESRL Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, 80305 9 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80217 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1160 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 9 November 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 52 Abstract 53 54 Condensed phase uptake and reaction are important atmospheric removal processes for reduced nitrogen 55 species, isocyanic acid (HNCO), methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) and cyanogen halides (XCN, X =Cl, Br, I), yet many 56 of the fundamental quantities that govern this chemistry have not been measured or are understudied. Solubilities 57 and first-order reaction rates of these species were measured for a variety of solutions using a bubble flow reactor 58 method with total reactive nitrogen (Nr) detection. The aqueous solubility of HNCO was measured as a function of 59 pH, and exhibited the classic behavior of a weak acid, with an intrinsic Henry’s law solubility of 20 (±2) M/atm, and -4 60 a Ka of 2.0 (±0.28) ×10 M (which corresponds to pKa = 3.7 ±0.06) at 298K.
    [Show full text]
  • War Gases .Pdf
    yh&% .*i From the collection of the m Prejinger h v Jjibrary San Francisco, California 2007 THE WAR GASES WAR GASES Their Identification and Decontamination BY MORRIS B. JACOBS, Ph.D. Food, Drug and Insecticide Admin. U. S. Dept. of Agr. 1927 Chemist Department of Health, City of New York, 1928. Formerly, Lt. U. S. Chemical Warfare Service Reserve INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. NEW YORK, N. Y.-1942 Copyright, 1942, by INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC. 215 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Printed in U. S. A. by WAVERLY PRESS, BALTIMORE, MD. PREFACE Relatively little has been written in the United States of America on the subject of passive defense, or as we would put it, civilian defense against poison gas. One of the very first steps in defense of this nature is a system for the detection, the sampling and the identification of the chemical war- fare agents, and the decontamination of areas and materials polluted by them. It is the aim of this book to present these subjects so that the informa- tion given will be useful to the gas identification officer, the war gas chemist, the decontamination officer, and the health officer. While this book was written primarily for the aforementioned officers, Chapters I, II, III, part of IV and VII should prove of value to the air raid warden and, in general, to all persons dealing with the above mentioned phases of gas defense. It is written so that it can be used for the training of gas identifi- cation officers, as a manual by chemists and decontamination officers, and as a source of information on the analytical chemistry of the war gases.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Extremely Hazardous Substances
    Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Facility Reporting Compliance Manual List of Extremely Hazardous Substances Threshold Threshold Quantity (TQ) Reportable Planning (pounds) Quantity Quantity (Industry Use (pounds) (pounds) CAS # Chemical Name Only) (Spill/Release) (LEPC Use Only) 75-86-5 Acetone Cyanohydrin 500 10 1,000 1752-30-3 Acetone Thiosemicarbazide 500/500 1,000 1,000/10,000 107-02-8 Acrolein 500 1 500 79-06-1 Acrylamide 500/500 5,000 1,000/10,000 107-13-1 Acrylonitrile 500 100 10,000 814-68-6 Acrylyl Chloride 100 100 100 111-69-3 Adiponitrile 500 1,000 1,000 116-06-3 Aldicarb 100/500 1 100/10,000 309-00-2 Aldrin 500/500 1 500/10,000 107-18-6 Allyl Alcohol 500 100 1,000 107-11-9 Allylamine 500 500 500 20859-73-8 Aluminum Phosphide 500 100 500 54-62-6 Aminopterin 500/500 500 500/10,000 78-53-5 Amiton 500 500 500 3734-97-2 Amiton Oxalate 100/500 100 100/10,000 7664-41-7 Ammonia 500 100 500 300-62-9 Amphetamine 500 1,000 1,000 62-53-3 Aniline 500 5,000 1,000 88-05-1 Aniline, 2,4,6-trimethyl- 500 500 500 7783-70-2 Antimony pentafluoride 500 500 500 1397-94-0 Antimycin A 500/500 1,000 1,000/10,000 86-88-4 ANTU 500/500 100 500/10,000 1303-28-2 Arsenic pentoxide 100/500 1 100/10,000 1327-53-3 Arsenous oxide 100/500 1 100/10,000 7784-34-1 Arsenous trichloride 500 1 500 7784-42-1 Arsine 100 100 100 2642-71-9 Azinphos-Ethyl 100/500 100 100/10,000 86-50-0 Azinphos-Methyl 10/500 1 10/10,000 98-87-3 Benzal Chloride 500 5,000 500 98-16-8 Benzenamine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)- 500 500 500 100-14-1 Benzene, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-nitro- 500/500
    [Show full text]
  • On the Cyanogen Halides by P
    ON THE CYANOGEN HALIDES BY P. KAILASAM (From the Chemistry Department, Madras Christian College) Received July 31, 1941 (Communicated by Sir C. V. Raman, xt., F.R.S., NN.L.) I. Action of Halogens on Cyanogen Halides No observations appear to have been recorded on the action of halogens on cyanogen halides except that of chlorine on cyanogen chloride (Wurtz, 1851; Naumann and Vogt, 1870) and bromine on cyanogen bromide in ether (Poonamarew, 1885) which polymerise them to cyanuric chloride and cyanuric bromide respectively. The object of the present investigation is to study the possible displacement reactions with the cyanogen halides. The action of chlorine gas on cyanogen iodide and the action of bromine on cyanogen chloride were first studied. It was expected that chlorine would displace iodine from cyanogen iodide forming cyanogen chloride, but it was found that cyanogen iodide was not affected by dry chlorine. Dry cyanogen iodide, prepared by warming an intimate mixture of one part of iodine and two parts of AgCN, at about 40°, was sublimed into a narrow tube which could be heated in a water-bath. Dry chlorine was passed through the tube for nearly two hours. No immediate reaction occurred, and even after leaving for a week at room temperature (30°) the white needles of cyanogen iodide remained unchanged. The tube was then slowly heated, but no reaction occurred up to the sublimation temperature of cyanogen iodide (about 40°). It was found that cyanogen iodide could be sublimed unchanged in an atmosphere of dry chlorine. Since chlorine does not displace iodine from cyanogen iodide, it was thought that bromine might displace chlorine from cyanogen chloride form- ing cyanogen bromide.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Lists
    United States Office of Solid Waste EPA 550-B-10-001 Environmental Protection and Emergency Response May 2010 Agency www.epa.gov/emergencies LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right- To-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act • EPCRA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances • CERCLA Hazardous Substances • EPCRA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals • CAA 112(r) Regulated Chemicals For Accidental Release Prevention Office of Emergency Management This page intentionally left blank. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction................................................................................................................................................ i List of Lists – Conslidated List of Chemicals (by CAS #) Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act ................................................. 1 Appendix A: Alphabetical Listing of Consolidated List ..................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Radionuclides Listed Under CERCLA .......................................................................... B-1 Appendix C: RCRA Waste Streams and Unlisted Hazardous Wastes................................................ C-1 This page intentionally left blank. LIST OF LISTS Consolidated List of Chemicals
    [Show full text]
  • Manual 13 Health Aspects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Hazards
    Australian Disaster Resilience Handbook Collection MANUAL 13 Health Aspects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Hazards AUSTRALIAN DISASTER RESILIENCE HANDBOOK COLLECTION Health Aspects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Hazards Manual 13 Attorney-General’s Department Emergency Management Australia © Commonwealth of Australia 2000 Attribution Edited and published by the Australian Institute Where material from this publication is used for any for Disaster Resilience, on behalf of the Australian purpose, it is to be attributed as follows: Government Attorney-General’s Department. Typeset by Director Defence Publishing Service, Source: Australian Disaster Resilience Handbook 3: Department of Defence Health Aspects of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Hazards, 2000, Australian Institute for Disaster Printed in Australia by National Capital Printing Resilience CC BY-NC Copyright Using the Commonwealth Coat of Arms The Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience The terms of use for the Coat of Arms are available from encourages the dissemination and exchange of the It’s an Honour website (http://www.dpmc.gov.au/ information provided in this publication. government/its-honour). The Commonwealth of Australia owns the copyright in all material contained in this publication unless otherwise Contact noted. Enquiries regarding the content, licence and any use of Where this publication includes material whose copyright this document are welcome at: is owned by third parties, the Australian Institute for The Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience Disaster Resilience has made all reasonable efforts to: 370 Albert St • clearly label material where the copyright is owned by East Melbourne Vic 3002 a third party Telephone +61 (0) 3 9419 2388 • ensure that the copyright owner has consented to www.aidr.org.au this material being presented in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Hygiene Plan Ii Revised 03/2021 Table of Contents
    MAR 2021 Office of Environmental Health and Safety Principal Author/Editor: David Webber, PhD/Chemical Hygiene Officer Contributing Authors/Editors: Nikolai Evdokimov, PhD, James Gibson, PhD, Tania Guardado, PhD, Amanda Jevons, Deona Willes, MPH Graphics/Design: Alfred M. Bouziane, MS, Brent Pantell USC Chemical Hygiene Plan ii Revised 03/2021 Table of Contents i.0 2021 Revision Summary Section 3.0 vi Section 4.0 vi Section 5.0 vii Section 7.0 vii Section 8.0 viii Section 10.0 x Appendix D x Appendix G x 1.0 Introduction Purpose and Scope 1.1 Sources of Safety Information 1.2 2.0 Regulatory Requirements 3.0 Roles and Responsibilities Research Safety Oversight Committee (RSOC) 3.1 Campus-Wide Chemical Safety Committee (CCSC) 3.1 Other Safety Committees 3.2 Office of Environmental Health & Safety 3.2 Principal Investigator (PI) 3.3 Training Requirements 3.5 4.0 Basics of Laboratory Safety Hazard, Risk, and Safety Management 4.1 Hierarchy of Safety Controls 4.1 Group Safety Management and Safety Culture 4.4 USC Chemical Hygiene Plan iii Revised 03/2021 Basics of Lab Facilities, Equipment, and Emergency Supplies 4.7 Emergency Equipment and Supplies 4.15 Open Flames 4.20 5.0 Hazard Communication Labeling and Signage Systems 5.2 Labelling and Signage in the Lab: What You Need to Do 5.5 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs): What Are They? 5.7 SDSs in The Lab: What You Need to Do 5.8 6.0 Hazardous Chemicals and Hazard Classification Introduction 6.1 Health-Hazardous Chemicals: Routes of Exposure 6.2 Particularly Hazardous Substances (PHS) 6.16 7.0 Chemical
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Cyanide Silver-Plating Solutions
    RP384 THE ANALYSIS OF CYANIDE SILVER-PLATING SOLUTIONS By R. M. Wick ABSTRACT Methods for the analysis of cyanide silver-plating solutions were studied, including the determination of free cyanide, total cyanide, carbonate, chloride, ammonia, silver, iron, copper, and mercury. Electrometric titrations showed that the Liebig method for alkali cyanide is correct to better than 0.2 per cent. Addition of iodide makes the method still more accurate and overcomes the effects of impurities on the titration. The nonagreement of the Liebig and Hannay methods was studied by electro- metric titrations, which showed that the visual Hannay method gives high results although the electrometric Hannay titration is accurate. The determination of total cyanide was accomplished by distillation with sulphuric acid, and of total effective cyanide by titration with iodine. Silver may be separated as silver sulphide, by precipitation with zinc, or by decomposition with acid, after which a determination by any standard method is applicable. Carbonate may be determined by precipitating and filtering out barium car- bonate and titrating it with acid or by titrating a sample with acid after adding silver nitrate to combine with the free cyanide. The usual method for the determination of chloride involves prolonged treat- ment with nitric acid, which converts the precipitated silver cyanide to silver chloride. A new method for separating chloride was investigated in which the silver is precipitated as sulphide and the iron is removed by precipitation as manganous ferrocyanide. The chloride in the filtrate can be determined by the usual methods. Iron and copper can be determined by the regular analytical methods after decomposition of the plating solution with sulphuric acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material List
    SUBPART P: MASSACHUSETTS OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LIST TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 1 - MASSACHUSETTS OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LIST (ALPHABETICAL LISTING) TABLE 2 - MASSACHUSETTS OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LIST (BY CAS NUMBER ORDER) NOTES: The Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Materials List (MOHML) contains oils and hazardous materials subject to 310 CMR 40.0000 and their reportable quantities (RQs) and reportable concentrations (RCs). These values are referred to in the notification requirements (310 CMR 40.0300). This list is provided both alphabetically in Table 1 and by Chemical Abstracts Service Number (CAS Number) in Table 2. The CAS number is a unique number assigned to a substance. Both tables identify other lists on which a substance appears by using name source codes. These codes are as follows: Name Source 1 - The Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Materials List (49 CFR Part 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table) Name Source 2 - The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Appendix VIII List (40 CFR Part 261 - Appendix VIII Hazardous Constituents) Name Source 3 - The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Hazardous Substance and Waste Stream Lists (40 CFR Part 302 - Table 302.4) Name Source 4 - The Extremely Hazardous Substance List as mandated by Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Title III, Section 302 (40 CFR Part 355 Appendices A and B) Name Source 5 - DEP Allowable Ambient Limits (AALs) and Drinking Water Guidelines Name Source 6 - The Massachusetts Substance List (MSL)(105 CMR 670.000: “Right to Know” Appendix A) Name Source 7 - The Chemical Abstracts name, 9th collective period, 1972-1976 Name Source 8 - The EPA Right to Know list, Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 (40 CFR Part 372.65).
    [Show full text]