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Report to the Council on the Work of the Eighteenth Session

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Report to the Council on the Work of the Eighteenth Session [Communicated to the Council Official No.: C. 256. M. 105. 1934.XI. and the Members of the League.] " j-q q i 552(1) ] Geneva, June 9th, 1934. LEAGUE OF NATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS REPORT TO THE COUNCIL ON THE WORK OF THE EIGHTEENTH SESSION Held at Geneva from May i8th to June 2nd, 19)4 CONTENTS. P age I. Appointment of Assessors .............................................................................................. 2 II. Principal Aspects of the Present S itu a tio n ................................................... 2 III. Ratification of the C on ven tions ......................................................................... 3 IV. Examination of Annual Reports ................................................................................. 3 (а) Situation as regards Manufactured D r u g s ............................................. 3 (б) Situation in Particular Co u n tr ie s................................................................ 5 V. New Form of Annual R e p o r t s ......................................................................... 7 VI. Raw Opium S itu a tio n ........................................................................................... 7 VII. Hungarian Method of extracting Morphine from the Dry Poppy Plant . 8 VIII. Situation regarding Indian H e m p ..................................................................... 8 IX. Illicit T r a f f ic ............................................................................................................. 9 (а) Situation in Bulgaria ............................................................................ 9 (б) Situation in C hina............................................................................................. 9 (c) Report of the Sub-Committee on Seizures ................................ 13 X. Draft Convention for the Suppression of Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs . 24 XL Recommendation X of the Final Act of the Bangkok Conference regarding Scientific Research of the Opium-smoking P r o b le m ........................ 24 XII. Campaign against the Spread of Drug A d d ic tio n ...................................... 24 XI11. Miscellaneous Questions .................................................................................................. 25 A n n ex es....................................................................................................................... 29 The Advisory Committee has the honour to present to the Council the following report on the work of the eighteenth session, which was held at Geneva from May 18th to June 2nd, 1934. All Governments members of the Committee were represented, with the exception of Germany and Bolivia. The Committee was happy to welcome for the first time the representatives of the four new countries members of the Committee — namely, Colonel Ch. H. L. Sharman, Chief of the Narcotics Division, Department of Pensions and National Hygiene, representative of Canada ; M- Y ram Pilossian, Director-General of the Persian Opium Monopoly, representative of Persia ; Major Hugo von Heidenstam, of the Swedish Royal Corps of Engineers, M.Inst.C.E. former Engineer-in-chief of the Whangpoo Conservancy Board at Shanghai, representative 01 Sweden ; and His Excellency Cemal Hiisnü Bey, Turkish Minister at Berne, representative of Turkey. Series of League of Nations Publications XI. OPIUM AND OTHER S- d. N. 1.155 (F.) 1.325 (A.) 8/34. Imp. Granchamp. DANGEROUS DRUGS 1934. XI. 1. The Committee, while regretting the departure of M. Barrera-Guerra, representative of Mexico, was happy to welcome his successor, M. Tello, Consul at Geneva. The Minister of Afghanistan in London, His Excellency M. Ali Mohammad, who had asked to take part in the Advisory Committee’s work, was present, at the Committee’s invitation, during the discussion on several items of the agenda which the Committee thought might be of special interest to his country. M. Baranyai, Counsellor of the Hungarian Legation at Geneva, was invited to take part in the Committee’s discussion on the new method of extracting morphine from the straw of the poppy plant. At the request of the Committee, M. Mikoff, Bulgarian Chargé d’Affaires at Berne, was present during the discussion on the situation in Bulgaria. I. APPOINTMENT OF THE COMMITTEE’S ASSESSORS. The question of the appointment of the assessors to the Committee has already been considered by the Council at its seventy-ninth session. The Council, on the proposal of the Committee, decided to re-nominate Mr. L. A. Lyall as assessor for a further year and to leave over for the moment the question of the nomination of a successor to M. A. H. Sirks, who, to the regret of the Committee, has resigned. The Committee expressed to him its cordial appreciation of the valuable services he had rendered as assessor and of the competent way in which he had dealt with illicit traffic questions. Before the end of its session, the Committee took up for discussion the question of the appointment of a successor to M. Sirks. The Committee decided that it was not necessary to appoint a person with police experience, as such experience was now well represented upon the Committee in the persons of several of its present members. It was felt that it would be very desirable in the present state of its work to appoint an expert in pharmacology. It was unanimously decided, on the proposal of the representative of Belgium, to suggest to the Council the appointment of M. de Myttenaere, Inspector-General of Pharmacies in Belgium, as assessor to the Committee, in view of his competence in this field and of the valuable contribution which he has already made at previous conferences to the work of the League of Nations in the campaign against narcotic drugs. II. PRINCIPAL ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT SITUATION. As the mass of detail with which the Committee has to deal year by year is constantly increasing, it is important that the main lines of the situation should be kept clearly in mind. The chief characteristics of the situation which the Committee has had to examine this year — as last year — may be summed up as follows. On the one hand, the progressive shrinkage in the volume of the legitimate trade in opium, coca leaves and manufactured drugs, as indicated by the statistics of the amounts of these substances reported for the year 1932, still continues. This shrinkage may be due in part to a decline in the licit consumption of some of the substances as well as to a closer adjustment between the amounts legally manufactured and exported and the legitimate requirements of the world. On the other hand, supplies for the illicit traffic are, in the case of manufactured drugs, more and more being drawn from clandestine manufacture, which, on the evidence before the Committee, continues to increase, especially in the countries where raw materials are produced and control is difficult. The Committee is thus pursuing a two-fold objective — on the one hand, confining production and manufacture of the substances to the amounts required for legitimate needs and ensuring, through the strict application of the Conventions, that the amounts so produced and manufactured in the legitimate trade do not escape into the illicit traffic ; 011 the other hand, combating with all the means at its disposal the illicit traffic. As supplies for the illicit traffic are becoming more and more drawn from clandestine sources, the task of the Committee and of the Governments in combating this traffic becomes increasingly difficult. The Committee hopes that further strengthening of the legislative and administrative provisions to deal with the illicit traffic will soon be realised through the adoption of the draft Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic, which will now be circulated to Governments in a revised form with a view to holding a conference next year. Among the outstanding points which the Committee has had to consider at this session is the emergence of an entirely new raw material for the manufacture of morphine — namely, the straw of the opium poppy, which has hitherto been a mere agricultural waste product, but which, as has now been demonstrated, can be used for the extraction of morphine under conditions which should enable morphine manufactured from this straw to compete on favourable terms with that manufactured from opium. An important point which was of considerable interest to the Committee with regard to the whole problem of clandestine manufacture was the movement of a chemical, acid acetic anhydride, which, according to statements made by the American representative, is in practice almost indispensable for the manufacture of heroin and has only limited use for other industrial purposes. The Committee hopes that the supply by Governments of statistics of the movement of this substance and the uses to which it is put may provide a new clue with regard to the clandestine manufacture of heroin. One aspect of the problem which appears to have increased considerably in im p ortan ce in recent years is the use made of Indian hemp as a drug of addiction, and the C om m ittee therefore gave special attention to this question at its present session. — 3 — In addition to the aspects of the problem referred to above, the Committee carried out its normal routine work of examining the annual reports and the seizure reports received from Governments. It also dealt with a number of other questions, which are referred to in detail in various sections of the report.
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