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Integrating Linux Systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools

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Integrating Linux Systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SCALE 15x Dmitri Pal Engineering Director, Red Hat, Inc. 03-06-2017 Agenda ● Problem statement ● Aspects of integration ● Integration options ● Recommendations 2 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Problem Statement and Aspects of Integration Problem Statement ● For most companies AD is the central hub of the user identity management inside the enterprise ● All systems that AD users can access (including Linux) need (in some way, i.e. directly or indirectly) to have access to AD to perform authentication and identity lookups ● In some cases the AD is the only allowed central authentication server due to compliance requirements ● In some cases DNS is tightly controlled by the Windows side of the enterprise and non Windows systems need to adapt to this 4 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Integration Aspects Main aspects ● Identities ○ Where are my users stored? What properties do they have? How is this data made available to systems and applications? How this data is delivered to the right endpoints? Is it cached and how it is refreshed? ● Authentication ○ What credentials do my users use to authenticate? Passwords? Smart Cards? Special devices? Is there SSO? How can the same user access file stores and web applications without requiring re-authentication? 5 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Integration Aspects Main aspects, continued ● Access control ○ Which users have access to which systems, services, applications? What commands can they run on those systems? What SELinux context is a user is mapped to? ● Policies ○ What is the type and strength of the credential? What are the SSO ticket/assertion policies? How to express what is allowed and what not in my environment to be compliant with known regulations (PCI, STIG, etc.)? 6 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Integration Options Integration options Direct Integration Indirect Integration Central Active Active Identity Directory Directory Server Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux Linux system system system system system system 8 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Integration options Direct Integration Active Directory Linux Linux Linux system system system 9 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Direct Integration Options ● 3rd party ● Legacy (pam_krb5, pam_ldap, nss_ldap, nslcd) ● Traditional – winbind ● Contemporary – SSSD (with realmd) 10 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Third Party Direct Integration 3rd Party Plugin ID mapping is implementation specific Policies via GPO or uses SFU/IMU extensions in AD Active Directory Linux System DNS LDAP KDC rd 3 party client Policies Authentication sudo Identities HBAC automount Client may use native AD protocols Name Resolution selinux Authentication can be LDAP or Kerberos ssh keys 11 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Third Party Direct Integration Pros and Cons ● Pros ● Everything is managed in one place including policies ● SSO can be accomplished via Kerberos ● Cons ● Requires third party vendor ● Extra cost per system (adds up) ● Limits UNIX/Linux environment independence ● Requires software on AD side ● Policies are not managed or require extra addons 12 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Legacy Direct Integration ID mapping SFU/IMU extensions are in AD Policies are delivered via configuration files and managed locally or via a config server like Ansible AD can be extended to serve basic sudo or Puppet. and automount Active Directory Linux System DNS LDAP KDC LDAP/Kerberos Policies Authentication sudo Identities HBAC automount Name Resolution selinux Authentication can be LDAP or Kerberos ssh keys 13 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Legacy Direct Integration Pros and Cons ● Pros: ● Free ● No third party vendor is needed ● Intuitive ● LDAP OTP authentication in Azure (have not tried) ● Available on UNIXes ● Cons: ● Requires SFU/IMU AD extension (which are deprecated as of fall 2014) ● Policies are not centrally managed ● Hard to configure securely ● No SSO with OTP 14 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Traditional Direct Integration AD can be extended to serve basic sudo and automount Policies are delivered via configuration files and Can map AD SID to POSIX attributes or use SFU/IMU managed locally or via a config server like Ansible Can join system into AD domain (net join or realmd) or Puppet. Leverages native AD protocols and LDAP/Kerberos Active Directory Linux System DNS LDAP KDC Samba Winbind Policies Authentication sudo Identities HBAC automount Name Resolution selinux Authentication can be LDAP, Kerberos or NTLM ssh keys 15 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Traditional Direct Integration Pros and Cons ● Pros: ● Well known ● Does not require third party ● Does not require SFU/IMU but can use them ● Supports trusted forests ● Supports NTLM fallback ● Cons: ● Can connect only to AD and very MSFT focused ● Policies are not centrally managed ● No OTP support 16 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Introduction ● SSSD = System Security Services Daemon ● SSSD is a service used to retrieve information from a central identity management system. ● SSSD connects a Linux system to a central identity store: ● Active Directory ● FreeIPA ● Any other directory server ● Provides authentication and access control ● Top technology in the evolution chain of the client side IdM components 17 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Capabilities ● Multiple parallel sources of identity and authentication – domains ● All information is cached locally for offline use ● Remote data center use case ● Laptop or branch office system use case ● Advanced features for: ● FreeIPA integration ● AD integration 18 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Architecture Simplified SSSD Identity Server Client PAM Responer Identity Provider Client Cache Domain Provider Authentication Provider Authentication NSS Responer Client Server 19 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Why? ● Supports everything that previous UNIX solutions support and more ● Brings architecture to the next level ● Supports multiple sources – domains ● Supports IdM specific features ● Supports trusts between AD and IdM ● Has a feature parity with winbind in core areas and surpasses in some 20 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Realmd Couple words ● Component of Linux ● Main goal is to detect domain environment using DNS (detection) ○ AD ○ FreeIPA ○ Kerberos ● Join system to the domain (using SSSD or Winbind) ● Do it in one command or click ● Availability: command line, D-BUS interface, system installer, desktop 21 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Based Direct Integration AD can be extended to serve basic sudo and automount GPO support for HBAC is available Can map AD SID to POSIX attributes or use SFU/IMU Other policies are delivered via configuration files Can join system into AD domain (realmd) and managed locally or via a config server like Leverages native AD protocols and LDAP/Kerberos Satellite or Puppet. Active Directory Linux System DNS LDAP KDC SSSD Policies Authentication sudo Identities HBAC automount Name Resolution selinux Authentication can be LDAP or Kerberos ssh keys 22 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools SSSD Based Direct Integration Pros and Cons ● Pros: ● Does not require SFU/IMU but can use them ● Can be used with different identity sources ● Support transitive trusts in AD domains and trusts with FreeIPA ● Supports CIFS client and Samba FS integration ● GPO for Windows based HBAC ● Well known now? ● Cons: ● No NTLM support, no support for AD forest trusts ● No SSO with OTP ● Not all policies are centrally managed 23 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Direct Integration Option Summary ● Use SSSD - it provides good enough integration out of box, free and well supported ● Use Winbind if you have special cases when NTLM or cross forest trusts are needed (*) ● Use 3rd party if you want super advanced functionality and have extra money ● Do not use legacy setup 24 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Direct Integration More information ● Please read my blog :-) ○ http://rhelblog.redhat.com/author/dpalsecam/ ● Comparison: ○ http://rhelblog.redhat.com/2015/02/04/overview-of-direct-integration-options/ ○ It is 2 years old but gives a good foundation 25 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools Direct Integration Issues ● Policy management is still not fully central ● Might require deprecated extensions on the AD side ● Per system CALs add to cost ● Linux/UNIX administrators do not have control over the environment 26 Integrating Linux systems with Active Directory Using Open Source Tools FreeIPA/IdM FreeIPA/IdM Introduction ● IdM – Identity Management in Red Hat Enterprise Linux ● Based on FreeIPA open source technology ● IPA stands for Identity, Policy, Audit ● So far we have focused on identities
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