DOCSLIB.ORG

RENEWAL and CONDEMNATION 1. Pius

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CHAPTER FOUR RENEWAL AND CONDEMNATION 1. Pius XII: A New Dawn The years ranging from 1935 to 1959 constitute the period that immedi- ately preceded the Second Vatican Council. Many of the issues raised and developed during that council can only be fully understood against the background of this period. However, historically seen, the developments that occurred from 1935 onward deserve attention in their own right, and not merely as a prelude to Vatican II. In fact, precisely in this era the full impact of Vatican I was felt at various church levels. In a first section, we consider the church historical developments, the period substantially coinciding with the duration of the pontificate of Pope Pius XII (1939– 58). In a second part, we look at the various theological movements that emerged during this period. Before presenting a few central elements of the pontificate of Pope Pius XII, we briefly discuss the pre-papal career of Eugenio Pacelli. We cannot but begin, however, with his election as pope.1 After the death of Pius XI in February 1939, the conclave gathered to elect a new pope. A multitude of factors played a role, and for certain, the need was expressed to have a skilled diplomat as the future pope, needed against the world political background on the eve of the Second World War. On March 2 of that year Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli—with but a minor challenge from other cardinals such as Luigi Maglione and Elia Angelo Dalla Costa—turned out to be the major candidate.2 After three ballots, the choice went to Eugenio Pacelli, who, neglecting the proposition to adopt the name Euge- nius, would take the name of Pius XII, as a clear expression of gratitude for Pius XI, who had strongly supported Pacelli as a possible successor. The 1 On Pope Pius XII, see, among others, the excellent biography by Philippe Chenaux, Pie XII: Diplomate et Pasteur [Histoire—Biographie] (Paris, 2003); Andrea Tornielli, Pio XII: Eugenio Pacelli: Un uomo sul trono di Pietro, (Milan, 2007); Margherita Marchione, Pope Pius XII: History and Hagiography (Vatican City, 2010). 2 On this conclave, see the notes found in the diary of Cardinal Baudrillart, Les carnets du cardinal Baudrillart, 1935–1939, ed. Paul Christophe [L’histoire à vif] (Paris, 1996), there pp. 973–7. Baudrillart noted without reservations that “dès le début le card. Pacelli prend une grande avance.” 102 chapter four reign of Pius XII would be a long pontificate and would only end in 1958, spanning World War Two and the first decade of the Cold War. Up until the present day, this pontificate has raised debate and even controversy, most of it surrounding the (non-)actions of Pius XII on behalf of Jewish people during the Second World War.3 The fact that the sections in the Vatican archives for the era of Pius XII, in this regard, have only been opened partially, simply adds more fuel to the fires of this controversy. In many studies on Pius XII, the authors tend to limit all attention to the “Jewish Problem” and read the entire pontificate—and occasionally his entire life—through this single perspective. Such a unilateral approach, as proposed for instance in John Cornwell’s book Hitler’s Pope, holds risks of its own. In order to understand the role played by Pius XII, one must take into account his earlier career. At the age of 27, in 1903, Pacelli was appointed as a minutante at the Holy See’s Secretariat of State. That appointment would be the first step in a long diplomatic career under the reigns of sev- eral Popes. From the next year onward, he would assist Cardinal Gasparri in his codification of Canon Law, within the Congregation for Extraor- dinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, of which he would become the secretary in 1914. Therefore, already during World War One, Pacelli had became thor- oughly acquainted with Vatican diplomacy and gained the confidence of Benedict XV. The latter would serve as Pius XII’s model for the role of the Roman Pontiff in a situation of global crisis and war. It is Benedict XV who sent Pacelli on a peace mission to negotiate with the Austrian emperor in 1915; and in 1917 he had appointed Pacelli as nuncio in Munich, in Bavaria. In this diplomatic post, Pacelli was responsible both for the entire Ger- man speaking region during the war and conveyed the pope’s peace sug- gestions to the German emperor Wilhelm II. He witnessed first hand, after 1918, the devastating effects of the Versailles Treaty on German society, an experience that led him to declare that the treaty was “an international absurdity.” Pacelli had been reconfirmed in his opinion that the neutral position taken by Benedict XV (even while not respected by the Allied 3 See, for example these critics of Pius XII: John Cornwell, Hitler’s Pope: The Secret His- tory of Pius XII (London, 1999); Daniel Goldhagen, A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Cath- olic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair (New York, 2003); and Dirk Verhofstadt, Pius XII en de vernietiging van de joden (Antwerpen and Amsterdam, 2008). As “pro-Pius XII” we note for example David G. Dalin, The Myth of Hitler’s Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis (Washington, 2005); Ronald Rychlak, Hitler, the War and the Pope (Huntington, 2000); and Hans Jansen, De zwijgende paus? Het protest van Pius XII en zijn medewerkers tegen de jodenvervolging in Europa (Kampen, 2000)..
Recommended publications
  • Pope Paul VI (1897 –1978)

    Pope Paul VI (1897 –1978)

    LITURGICAL PIONEERS Pope Paul VI (1897 –1978) Born September 26, 1897, “Praise be to God that the liturgical movement, Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio taken up and advanced by the Council, has Maria Montini grew up in Brescia, Lombardy, in a household of spread throughout the Church and entered into wealth and nobility. the awareness of clergy and people. The choral Giovanni Montini was prayer of the Mystical Body...is reaching and ordained in 1920, and that same year he obtained a doctorate in stirring the people of God, who are consciously Mengeling Photo ©Bishop Carl F. canon law. At age twenty-five, becoming a community and experiencing an Montini was assigned to the During his fifteen-year increase in faith and grace.” Secretariat of State in the Holy papacy (1963 –1978), Paul VI See, with Poland as his first and (Address by Pope Paul VI, September 3, 1969, DOL 47) issued seven encyclicals, among only foreign diplomatic mission. them: Populorum Progressio Because of the winter weather’s effect on his health — which had (March 26, 1967) in which he reaffirmed Catholic social teach- long been a struggle — Montini returned to Rome, where he ing on economic justice; Sacerdotalis Caelibatus (June 24, 1967) would continue to work in the Department of State for the next in which he upheld the discipline of celibacy for priests; and the thirty years. During this time, he developed a close friendship controversial Humanae Vitae (July 25, 1968) in which he con- and a trustworthy working relationship with Pope Pius XII. demned the use of artificial birth control and limited sexual In January 1955, as the new archbishop of Milan, activity to the confines of marriage.
  • Document Confirms Pope Pius XII's Efforts to Save Jews, Expert Says

    Document Confirms Pope Pius XII's Efforts to Save Jews, Expert Says

    Document confirms Pope Pius XII’s efforts to save Jews, expert says VATICAN CITY – A document found in a Rome convent confirms that Pope Pius XII quietly ordered church institutions to open their doors to Jews fleeing Nazi arrest and deportation, a church expert said. “The Holy Father wants to save his children, including the Jews, and orders that hospitality be shown to these persecuted people in the convents,” said a note found in the historical journal of the Augustinian Community of Santi Quattro Coronati. The note, written by one of the nuns and dated November 1943, had an appendix with the names of 24 people, including Jews, who were hidden by the sisters of the cloistered convent, located near the Colosseum. Nazi soldiers began rounding up thousands of Jews in Rome and shipping them to death camps in October 1943. One of the accusations against Pope Pius XII, repeated in a number of books in recent years, was that he did little or nothing to stop the deportations. Jesuit Father Peter Gumpel, the “relator” or investigating judge of the sainthood cause of Pope Pius, found the document and spoke about it with Vatican Radio March 4. He said it was an important written confirmation of the many oral reports of Pope Pius’ concern for the Jews and his unpublicized efforts to help them. “The saving efforts of Pius XII, which have also been verified by many Jewish sources, were carried out through personal messengers – priests – who were sent to various Catholic institutions and houses here in Rome,” Father Gumpel said.
  • Pius XII on Trial

    Pius XII on Trial

    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Pius XII on Trial Katherine M. Campbell University of Maine - Main, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Katherine M., "Pius XII on Trial" (2014). Honors College. 159. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/159 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PIUS XII ON TRIAL by Katherine M. Campbell A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology and Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Henry Munson, Professor of Anthropology Alexander Grab, Professor of History Mark D. Brewer, Associate Professor of Political Science Richard J. Powell, Associate Professor of Political Science, Leadership Studies Sol Goldman, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Political Science Copyright 2014 Katherine M. Campbell Abstract: Scholars have debated Pope Pius XII’s role in the Holocaust since the 1960s. Did he do everything he could and should have done to save Jews? His critics say no because of antisemitism rooted in the traditional Catholic views. His defenders say yes and deny that he was an antisemite. In my thesis, I shall assess the arguments on both sides in terms of the available evidence. I shall focus both on what Pius XII did do and what he did not do and on the degree to which he can be held responsible for the actions of low-level clergy.
  • American Catholicism and the Political Origins of the Cold War/ Thomas M

    American Catholicism and the Political Origins of the Cold War/ Thomas M

    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1991 American Catholicism and the political origins of the Cold War/ Thomas M. Moriarty University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Moriarty, Thomas M., "American Catholicism and the political origins of the Cold War/" (1991). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1812. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1812 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICAN CATHOLICISM AND THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR A Thesis Presented by THOMAS M. MORI ARTY Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 1991 Department of History AMERICAN CATHOLICISM AND THE POLITICAL ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR A Thesis Presented by THOMAS M. MORIARTY Approved as to style and content by Loren Baritz, Chair Milton Cantor, Member Bruce Laurie, Member Robert Jones, Department Head Department of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. "SATAN AND LUCIFER 2. "HE HASN'T TALKED ABOUT ANYTHING BUT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM" 25 3. "MARX AMONG THE AZTECS" 37 4. A COMMUNIST IN WASHINGTON'S CHAIR 48 5. "...THE LOSS OF EVERY CATHOLIC VOTE..." 72 6. PAPA ANGEL I CUS 88 7. "NOW COMES THIS RUSSIAN DIVERSION" 102 8. "THE DEVIL IS A COMMUNIST" 112 9.
  • FORUM Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate

    FORUM Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate

    Central European History 50 (2017), 375–403. © Central European History Society of the American Historical Association, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0008938917000826 FORUM Holocaust Scholarship and Politics in the Public Sphere: Reexamining the Causes, Consequences, and Controversy of the Historikerstreit and the Goldhagen Debate A Forum with Gerrit Dworok, Richard J. Evans, Mary Fulbrook, Wendy Lower, A. Dirk Moses, Jeffrey K. Olick, and Timothy D. Snyder Annotated and with an Introduction by Andrew I. Port AST year marked the thirtieth anniversary of the so-called Historikerstreit (historians’ quarrel), as well as the twentieth anniversary of the lively debate sparked by the pub- Llication in 1996 of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. To mark the occasion, Central European History (CEH) has invited a group of seven specialists from Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States to comment on the nature, stakes, and legacies of the two controversies, which attracted a great deal of both scholarly and popular attention at the time. To set the stage, the following introduction provides a brief overview of the two debates, followed by some personal reflections. But first a few words about the participants in the forum, who are, in alphabetical order: Gerrit Dworok, a young German scholar who has recently published a book-length study titled “Historikerstreit” und Nationswerdung: Ursprünge und Deutung eines bundesrepublika- nischen Konflikts (2015); Richard J. Evans, a foremost scholar
  • TESI Lucacon Margini

    TESI Lucacon Margini

    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SALERNO DIPARTIMENTO DI TEORIA E STORIA DELLE ISTITUZIONI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN TEORIA E STORIA DELLE ISTITUZIONI (IX Ciclo) Tesi di Dottorato Verso il disgelo: Stati Uniti e Santa Sede, 1914-1940 Coordinatore Ch.mo Prof. Antonio Scocozza Tutor Dottorando Ch.mo Prof. Luigino Rossi Luca Castagna Anno Accademico 2009/2010 A Walter, Silvana, Francesco e Rossella … la mia storia. Indice Introduzione I Capitolo Primo 1 Universalismi incompatibili (1914-1920) 1. Neutrali, ma non imparziali 1 1.1 La Santa Sede 1 1.2 Gli Stati Uniti 7 2. Alle origini del “problema” 13 2.1 I rapporti politico-diplomatici 13 2.2 Al limite dell’eresia: Santa Sede e Chiesa statunitense tra fine Ottocento e Grande 23 guerra 23 3. 1916-’18: vani tentativi di dialogo 34 3.1 Wilson, Bonzano e Gibbons 34 3.2 Gli Stati Uniti e la Nota di Benedetto XV 40 4. L’irraggiungibile Versailles 55 5. Un’occasione mancata? 61 Capitolo Secondo 64 Una transizione difficile (1920-1932) 1. Gli Stati Uniti dopo la Grande guerra: il “normale” anti-papismo 64 2. La Chiesa cattolica statunitense tra Benedetto XV e Pio XI: un passaggio tormentato 77 3. Timidi segnali di convergenza lungo l’“asse” Harding-Bonzano 93 4. «Per la S. Sede è opportuno aspettare»: Fumasoni Biondi conosce Washington 108 5. Due “investimenti a medio termine” 121 5.1 Le elezioni presidenziali del 1928 121 5.2 I Patti Lateranensi 127 Capitolo Terzo 134 Una missione comune (1933-1940) 1. Il “nuovo corso” 134 1.1 Roosevelt: l’“apostolo” del riscatto 141 2.
  • The Stones Will Cry Out. (Luke.19.40) on the Canonical Status of the Roman Rite (Revised February 11, 2000) by Dr

    The Stones Will Cry Out. (Luke.19.40) on the Canonical Status of the Roman Rite (Revised February 11, 2000) by Dr

    The stones will cry out. (Luke.19.40) On the Canonical Status of the Roman Rite (Revised February 11, 2000) By Dr. M. J. Ferrari (Canon Lawyer, Ottawa, Canada) Contents 1. Foreword 2. Acknowledgments 3. Introduction 4. Background 5. History of the Liturgy or Rite of the Mass known as `Tridentine' 6. Regional Differences in Rites 7. The Council of Trent, 1545-1563 8. The Role of Pope St. Pius V 9. The Role of Pope Pius XII 10. Pope John XXIII and the Second Vatican Council 11. The Role of Pope John Paul II 12. Anglican View 13. Canonical Implications 14. Immemorial Custom 15. Revising the Roman Rite 16. The Essence of the Roman Rite 17. Discipline 18. Conclusion 19. Endnotes Foreword For as long as I can remember, the Mass has been the focus of my life. No need to specify which Mass: there was only one, the Mass that has been handed down through the centuries, by faithful Bishops to their successors, the priests whom they themselves ordained to say it. When I was about 12 years old, I remember walking, with my younger sister and her friend, along a railroad track into the next town to attend Mass on the first Friday of the month. My parents had sent me to supervise the group at a summer camp, and there was no Church in the area. So three of us set out early in the morning on a beautiful summer day to go to Mass and receive Christ in the Blessed Sacrament. The area was new to us, we probably did not walk fast enough - for whatever reason - Mass was just finishing as we arrived.
  • The Historian As Judge", a Review of Daniel J

    The Historian As Judge", a Review of Daniel J

    Fairfield University DigitalCommons@Fairfield History Faculty Publications History Department Spring 2004 "The Historian as Judge", A Review of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s A Moral Reckoning Gavriel D. Rosenfeld [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/history-facultypubs Copyright 2004 University of Pennsylvania Press, The Jewish Quarterly Review. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of scholarly citation, none of this work may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. For information address the University of Pennsylvania Press, 3905 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112. Peer Reviewed Repository Citation Rosenfeld, Gavriel D., ""The Historian as Judge", A Review of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s A Moral Reckoning" (2004). History Faculty Publications. 40. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/history-facultypubs/40 Published Citation Rosenfeld, G. (2004) "The Historian as Judge: A Review of Daniel J. Goldhagen’s A Moral Reckoning," The Jewish Quarterly, The Jewish Quarterly Review, Spring, 2004, 94(2) pp. 376-385. This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself.
  • The Catholic Church in the Czech Lands During the Nazi

    The Catholic Church in the Czech Lands During the Nazi

    STUDIA HUMANITATIS JOURNAL, 2021, 1 (1), pp. 192-208 ISSN: 2792-3967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53701/shj.v1i1.22 Artículo / Article THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE CZECH LANDS DURING THE NAZI OCCUPATION IN 1939–1945 AND AFTER1 LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA EN LOS TERRITORIOS CHECOS DURANTE LA OCUPACIÓN NAZI ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1939–1945 Y DESPUÉS Marek Smid Charles University, Czech Republic ORCID: 0000-0001-8613-8673 [email protected] | Abstract | This study addresses the religious persecution in the Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia) during World War II, when these territories were part of the Bohemian and Moravian Protectorate being occupied by Nazi Germany. Its aim is to demonstrate how the Catholic Church, its hierarchy and its priests acted as relevant patriots who did not hesitate to stand up to the occupying forces and express their rejection of their procedures. Both the domestic Catholic camp and the ties abroad towards the Holy See and its representation will be analysed. There will also be presented the personalities of priests, who became the victims of the Nazi rampage in the Czech lands at the end of the study. The basic method consists of a descriptive analysis that takes into account the comparative approach of the spiritual life before and after the occupation. Furthermore, the analytical-synthetic method will be used, combined with the subsequent interpretation of the findings. An additional method, not always easy to apply, is hermeneutics, i.e., the interpretation of socio-historical phenomena in an effort to reveal the uniqueness of the analysed texts and sources and emphasize their singularity in the cultural and spiritual development of Czech Church history in the first half of the 20th century.
  • Vatican Secret Diplomacy This Page Intentionally Left Blank Charles R

    Vatican Secret Diplomacy This Page Intentionally Left Blank Charles R

    vatican secret diplomacy This page intentionally left blank charles r. gallagher, s.j. Vatican Secret Diplomacy joseph p. hurley and pope pius xii yale university press new haven & london Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Copyright © 2008 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Scala and Scala Sans by Duke & Company, Devon, Pennsylvania. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gallagher, Charles R., 1965– Vatican secret diplomacy : Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII / Charles R. Gallagher. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-12134-6 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Hurley, Joseph P. 2. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958. 3. World War, 1939–1945— Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 4. Catholic Church—Foreign relations. I. Title. BX4705.H873G35 2008 282.092—dc22 [B] 2007043743 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Com- mittee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my father and in loving memory of my mother This page intentionally left blank contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 A Priest in the Family 8 2 Diplomatic Observer: India and Japan, 1927–1934 29 3 Silencing Charlie: The Rev.
  • The Holy See

    The Holy See

    The Holy See HOLY MASS TO COMMEMORATE THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF THE SERVANT OF GOD POPE PIUS XII HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI St Peter's Basilica Thursday, 9 October 2008 Your Eminences, Venerable Brothers in the Episcopate and in the Priesthood, Dear Brothers and Sisters, The passage from the Book of Sirach and the Prologue to St Peter's First Letter, proclaimed as the First and Second Readings, offer us important ideas for reflection at this Eucharistic celebration during which we are commemorating my Venerable Predecessor, the Servant of God Pius XII. Exactly 50 years have passed since his death in the early hours of 9 October 1958. Sirach, as we have heard, reminded whomever intended to follow the Lord that they must prepare themselves to face trials, difficulties and suffering. He recommended that in order not to succumb to them they needed an upright and steadfast heart, patience and fidelity to God as well as firm determination in pursuing the path of good. Suffering refines the heart of the Lord's disciple, just as gold is purified in the crucible: "Accept whatever is brought upon you", the sacred author writes, "and in changes that humble you be patient. For gold is tested in the fire, and acceptable men in the furnace of humiliation" (2: 4-5). In the passage that has been presented to us, St Peter, for his part, goes further when he asked Christians of the communities of Asia Minor, which were being "afflicted by various trials", to "rejoice" in spite of all (1 Pt 1: 6).
  • VENERABLE POPE PIUS XII and the 1954 MARIAN YEAR: a STUDY of HIS WRITINGS WITHIN the CONTEXT of the MARIAN DEVOTION and MARIOLOGY in the 1950S

    VENERABLE POPE PIUS XII and the 1954 MARIAN YEAR: a STUDY of HIS WRITINGS WITHIN the CONTEXT of the MARIAN DEVOTION and MARIOLOGY in the 1950S

    INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO In affiliation with the PONTIFICAL FACULTY OF THEOLOGY "MARIANUM" The Very Rev. Canon Matthew Rocco Mauriello VENERABLE POPE PIUS XII AND THE 1954 MARIAN YEAR: A STUDY OF HIS WRITINGS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE MARIAN DEVOTION AND MARIOLOGY IN THE 1950s A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Licentiate of Sacred Theology with Specialization in Mariology Director: The Rev. Thomas A. Thompson, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University ofDayton 300 College Park Dayton OH 45469-1390 2010 To The Blessed Virgin Mary, with filial love and deep gratitude for her maternal protection in my priesthood and studies. MATER MEA, FIDUCIA MEA! My Mother, my Confidence ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincerest gratitude to all who have helped me by their prayers and support during this project: To my parents, Anthony and Susan Mauriello and my family for their encouragement and support throughout my studies. To the Rev. Thomas Thompson, S.M. and the Rev. Johann Roten, S.M. of the International Marian Research Institute for their guidance. To the Rev. James Manning and the staff and people of St. Albert the Great Parish in Kettering, Ohio for their hospitality. To all the friends and parishioners who have prayed for me and in particular for perseverance in this project. iii Goal of the Research The year 1954 was very significant in the history of devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. A Marian Year was proclaimed by Pope Pius XII by means of the 1 encyclical Fulgens Corona , dated September 8, 1953.