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Military Transformation on the Korean Peninsula: Technology Versus Geography
THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Military Transformation on the Korean Peninsula: Technology Versus Geography Being a Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy At the University of Hull By Soon Ho Lee BA, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea, 2004 MA, The University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2005 MRes, King’s College London, United Kingdom, 2006 1 Acknowledgement I am the most grateful to my Supervisor Dr. David Lonsdale for his valuable academic advice and support during the long PhD journey. To reach this stage, I have had invaluable support from my family back in Korea and my dear wife Jin Heon. I would also like to thank my family for being so patient while I was researching. During this journey, I have obtained a precious jewel in my daughter, Da Hyeon. I will pray for you all my life. I would like to give special thanks to my late grandfather who gave me the greatest love, and taught me the importance of family. 2 Thesis Summary This thesis provides an explanation of one RMA issue: the effectiveness of contemporary military technology against tough geography, based upon case studies in the Korean peninsula. The originality of the thesis is that it will provide a sound insight for potential foes’ approach to the dominant US military power (superior technology and sustenance of war). The North Korean defence strategy – using their edge in geography and skill – tried to protect themselves from the dominant US power, but it may be impossible to deter or defeat them with technological superiority alone. -
Korean Conversation FOUNDATION 76 Location 01
Contents 01 03 ABOUT 08 Pyeongtaek at a glance TOURISM 42 Tourist Attractions PYEONGTAEK 09 History of Pyeongtaek PYEONGTAEK 10 Origin of Pyeongtaek / City Environment 10 Location / Climate 04 12 Population / Friendship Cities / Origin of Osan Air Base CULTURAL HERITAGES 50 Cultural Heritage of Pyeongtaek 13 Origin of Camp Humphreys AND HISTORIC SITES 55 Historic Sites of Pyeongtaek 14 City Symbols / Regional product 02 05 GUIDE TO LIVING IN 18 Transportation FESTIVALS AND 60 Festivals PYEONGTAEK 22 Waste EVENTS 64 Good Neighbor Program for USFK and their families 24 Housing 25 Health Insurance 26 Medical Service 06 28 Free Medical Examination for Foreigners KEY 68 Multicultural Support Website 28 Bank Transactions CONTACT SITES 68 Emergency Calls 30 Mobile Phone / Telephone Service 70 Information Calls and Websites 31 High-Speed Internet / Postal Service 71 Useful Applications 32 Electricity / Gas / Water 32 Facilities / Shopping 07 34 Restaurants / Hotels PYEONGTAEK 74 Pyeongtaek International Exchange Foundation 35 Taxes / Keeping public order INTERNATIONAL 75 Our Programs EXCHANGE 36 Let's learn everyday - Korean conversation FOUNDATION 76 Location 01 ABOUT PYEONGTAEK Pyeongtaek at a glance History of Pyeongtaek Origin of Pyeongtaek / City Environment Location / Climate Population / Friendship Cities / Origin of Osan Air Base Origin of Camp Humphreys City Symbols / Regional product 01 ABOUT PYEONGTAEK 01 About Pyeongtaek History of Pyeongtaek The first human presence on Pyeongtaek region can be traced back as far as the Paleolithic Age. By examining other remains of the Paleolithic Age(such as the hunting stones) collected in areas known today as Wonjeong-Ri and the new urban development areas of Cheongbuk-Myeon, it appears that people were present in Pyeongtaek area by the late Paleolithic Age. -
Joint Crisis Committee: the Empire of Japan Shumun Xvii
JOINT CRISIS COMMITTEE: THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN SHUMUN XVII Topic 1: Russo-Japanese War Topic 2: The Development of the Protectorate of Korea Topic 1: Russo-Japanese War Assessment of the region Currently, there are three major powers standing in the way of our nation’s expansion. China has been overrun by western powers and thus provides a toehold for these powers in the region. France, Germany, and Russia all have made agreements to control railroads and other infrastructure in China. Furthermore, our nation has been embarrassed on the world stage despite our military victories in China (Koda 15). Positions of other nations in the region In 1895, we won the Liaotung Peninsula, Formosa (now Taiwan) by defeating China. However, the European powers of Germany, France and Russia have conspired against us and forced us to return the Peninsula to the Chinese. Today, this strategically important peninsula is leased to the Russians and they have established a railroad branch at its tip. This is unacceptable considering the cost in Japanese blood to win the peninsula (Koda 15). Now, Russia is again threatening our interests on the Manchurian Peninsula. Today, they have a naval base at Port Arthur, a Russian port in China, and they refuse to recognize our interests in Korea. Furthermore, since 1900, Russia has kept thousands of troops on the Manchurian Peninsula, ostensibly to protect its interests in China. Manchuria is dangerously close to Korea, a small nation which cannot defend itself from both Chinese and Russian aggression. Our foreign policy In 1898, our policy decision making group, the Genro, decided that we would remain neutral in foreign affairs since our nation does not have the power to battle with Russia, Germany, or France. -
Bridled Tigers: the Military at Korea's Northern Border, 1800–1863
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863 Alexander Thomas Martin University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons Recommended Citation Martin, Alexander Thomas, "Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3499. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3499 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3499 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bridled Tigers: The Military At Korea’s Northern Border, 1800–1863 Abstract The border, in late Chosŏn rhetoric, was an area of pernicious wickedness; living near the border made the people susceptible to corruption and violence. For Chosŏn ministers in the nineteenth century, despite two hundred years of peace, the threat remained. At the same time, the military institutions created to contain it were failing. For much of the late Chosŏn the site of greatest concern was the northern border in P’yŏngan and Hamgyŏng provinces, as this area was the site of the largest rebellion and most foreign incursions in the first half of the nineteenth century. This study takes the northern border as the most fruitful area for an inquiry into the Chosŏn dynasty’s conceptions of and efforts at border defense. Using government records, reports from local officials, literati writings, and local gazetteers, this study provides a multifaceted image of the border and Chosŏn policies to control it. This study reveals that Chosŏn Korea’s concept of border defense prioritized containment over confrontation, and that their policies were successful in managing the border until the arrival of Western imperial powers whose invasions upended Chosŏn leaders’ notions of national defense. -
The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592–98
CAM198cover.qxd:Layout 1 25/3/08 13:41 Page 1 CAMPAIGN • 198 Accounts of history’s greatest conflicts, detailing the command strategies, tactics and battle experiences of the opposing forces throughout the crucial stages of each campaign 198 • CAMPAIGN THE SAMURAI INVASION OF KOREA THE SAMURAI INVASION 1592–98 OF KOREA 1592–98 OF KOREA 1592–98 THE SAMURAI INVASION The invasions of Korea launched by the dictator Toyotomi Hideyoshi are unique in Japanese history for being the only time that the samurai assaulted a foreign country. Hideyoshi planned to invade and conquer China, ruled at the time by the Ming dynasty, and when the Korean court refused to allow his troops to cross their country, Korea became the first step in this ambitious plan of conquest. Though ultimately ending in failure and retreat, the Japanese armies initially drove the Koreans all the way to China before the decisive victories of Admiral Yi Sunsin and the Korean navy disrupted the Japanese supply routes whilst Chinese armies harried them by land. This book describes the region’s first ‘world war’ that caused a degree of devastation in Korea itself that was unmatched until the Korean War of the 1950s. Full colour battlescenes Illustrations 3-dimensional ‘bird’s-eye-views’ Maps STEPHEN TURNBULL US $19.95 / CAN $22.95 ISBN 978-1-84603-254-7 OSPREY 51995 PUBLISHING 9 781846 032547 O SPREY WWW.OSPREYPUBLISHING.COM STEPHEN TURNBULL ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAM198title.qxd:Layout 1 25/3/08 10:41 Page 1 CAMPAIGN • 198 THE SAMURAI INVASION OF KOREA 1592–98 STEPHEN TURNBULL ILLUSTRATED BY PETER DENNIS Series editors Marcus Cowper and Nikolai Bogdanovic © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CAM198 Korea final.qxd:Layout 1 25/3/08 13:53 Page 2 First published in Great Britain in 2008 by Osprey Publishing, DEDICATION Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 0PH, UK 443 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016, USA To Richard and Helen on the occasion of their wedding, 23 August 2008. -
Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions
NHBB Nationals Bee 2015-2016 Bee Final Round Bee Final Round Regulation Questions (1) The short silent film The Last Cartridges depicts an incident in this battle in which Arsene Lambert's men defended a retreat from within a house in Bazeilles [bah-zay]. In this battle, Alexandre (+) Ducrot [do-crow] took over command from the injured Marshal MacMahon. Having lost this battle, the Army of Ch^alons [sha-lone] was prevented from relieving the Siege of (*) Metz and the losing emperor was captured. Helmuth von Moltke led the victorious army in, for the point, what decisive battle in which Napoleon III was captured and his Second French Empire was overthrown? ANSWER: Battle of Sedan (2) Descriptive answer acceptable. One particularly grisly victim of this event had her contact lenses fused to her eyeballs, forcing her to get a double enucleation. A preliminary \test run" before this event was carried out using a modified (+) refrigerator truck. After this event, a government crackdown on the group that carried it out led it to be reorganized into the group Aleph. This event was masterminded by blind apocalyptic (*) prophet Shoko Asahara and was triggered when five men used sharpened umbrella tips to puncture plastic bags during morning rush hour. For the point, name this deadly poison gas attack committed by Aum Shinrikyo in 1995. ANSWER: Aum Shinrikyo's sarin attack on the Tokyo subway system (accept anything that contains two out of the three underlined words; prompt on partial answers) (3) From 1927 to 1930, this position was held by Charles Lindbergh's father-in-law, who had a nickname referring to his frequent breakfast conversations. -
Or Yi Sun-Sin) a Brief Insight Into the Man and the Turtle Boat by Rosemary Pettit 2 Dan
Yi Soon – Sin (or Yi Sun-Sin) A brief insight into the Man and the Turtle Boat By Rosemary Pettit 2 Dan Born 28 April 1545 – Died in battle 16 December 1598 Who was he? We first hear the name Yi Soon–Sin in the pattern meaning of Choong – Moo Choong-Moo was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Lee Dynasty. He is reputed to have invented the first armored battleship (Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor to the present day submarine. The reason this pattern ends in a left handed attack is to symbolize his regrettable death, having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the King. International Taekwon Do 1st Gup pattern He was one of the great Korean Naval Commanders and helped redesign the Turtle Boat. He was a great strategist and had many victories. He has been likened to Admiral Horatio Nelson for his undefeated record against seemingly insurmountable odds. Interesting he had no formal naval training. Early Life Yi, Soon-Sin was born in Geoncheon-dong, Hanseong which is now known as Seoul on the 28th April 1545. His family was part of the Korean Deoksu Yi clan. His grandfather Yi Baeg-nok retired from politics when the neo confusian reformer Jo Gwang-jo was executed in the Third Literati Purge in 1519. His father who was also disillusioned with the politics of the time did not enter government service. This was expected of him as he was from a noble family. -
Analysing the Changing Trajectory of South Korea's ICT Business
Analysing the Changing Trajectory of South Korea’s ICT Business Environment Nigel Callinan Thesis presented for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Bernadette Andreosso & Dr. Mikael Fernström University of Limerick Submitted to the University of Limerick November 2014 Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Doctor of Philosophy is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: ___________________________________ I.D No: 10142886 Date: Monday 10th November 2014 2 Abstract This thesis aims to provide a new perspective on the development of South Korea’s Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Business Environment by taking a cross-disciplinary look at the area. Most studies on this subject have tended to remain within the boundaries of a single discipline. In this study, an interdisciplinary approach is taken to trace more of the paths that have influenced the development. This will provide a better understanding of the area and this insight should make it easier for any prospective organisation hoping to enter the Korean market to be successful. In little over two generations, South Korea has transformed from being one of the poorest countries in the world into a global business leader. Currently, Information Technology products are at the forefront of exports from the country and the world’s largest electronics company hails from a city just south of Seoul. -
Imjin Namhaeng Illok 壬辰南行日錄 (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592)
Imjin namhaeng illok (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592) O Hŭimun ( 1539–1613), Michael C. E. Finch Acta Koreana, Volume 22, Number 2, December 2019, pp. 369-398 (Article) Published by Keimyung University, Academia Koreana For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/756395 [ Access provided at 25 Sep 2021 17:10 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] ACTA KOREANA Vol. 22, No. 2, December 2019: 369–398 Imjin namhaeng illok 壬辰南行日錄 (Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592) By O HŬIMUN (吳希文 1539–1613) Translated, annotated, and introduced by MICHAEL C. E. FINCH O Hŭimun (吳希文 1539–1613), the author of “Daily Record of a Journey South in 1592” (Imjin namhaeng illok 壬辰南行日錄), was a scion of the Haeju O ssi (descent group) and his gravesite can be found today at Osan-li, Mohyŏn-myŏn, Yongin, Kyŏnggi Province. Although O Hŭimun never rose to political prominence or even passed the civil service examination, he was the father of O Yun’gyŏm (吳允謙 1559–1636), who acted as Korea’s “communication envoy” (t’ongsinsa 通信使) to Japan in 1617 some twenty years after the conclusion of the Japanese invasions of Korea at the end of the sixteenth century. O Yun’gyŏm eventually rose to the position of chief state councilor (yŏngŭijŏng 領議政) in the reign of King Injo (r. 1623–1649). O Hŭimun was also the grandfather of O Talche (吳達濟1609–1637), who as one of the “three learned gentlemen” (samhaksa 三學士) was executed at the age of twenty-eight for his opposition to Chosŏn’s peace negotiations with the invading Manchu forces in 1636 (Pyŏngja horan 丙子胡亂).1 Although finally attaining the junior ninth rank post of supervisor in the office of carpentry and works (sŏn’gonggam kamyŏk 繕工監監役) through the influence of his son O Yun’gyŏm at court, O Hŭimun has earned his place in the history of the Chosŏn era as one of the pre-eminent diarists of the Imjin War (1592–1598) period. -
Lunar New Year Macarthur, General Douglas
894 Lunar New Year The lunar New Year, known as 561, W6ndan, W6ni! or Cbongch '0, is one of the most important holidays in Korea. During this holiday, there are traffic jams throughout the country as people rush to see their family and relatives. On the morning of Lunar New Year, people don traditional dress (hanbok). Various foods and wine are prepared, and then set in front of an ancestral tablet. The table is meticulously arranged according to Confucian tradition; however, many families also have their own traditions governing details of the arrangement. In general, fish is put on the east, meat on the west, fruit in front, rice and soup behind and liquor on the front table. A ceremony is then held during which the male family members pay respect to their deceased ancestors up to the fourth generation by making three full bows. Family members also visit the graves of their deceased ancestors. On this holiday, after cutting the grass from around the grave, they make a simple offering and then bow three times. In addition to paying respect to the deceased, each family member is expected to make two formal bows to his or her elders. According to custom, the elders then give the person a gift of money, particularly if the person is a child. Special foods are prepared for this holiday. In particular, rice-cake soup is typically served instead ofrice. For this reason, the question 'How many bowls of rice-cake soup have you eaten?' is sometimes used to ask one's age. In North Korea and China, mandu (dumpling) soup is often eaten instead. -
War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin (Republic of Korea) 2012-60 1
International Memory of the World Register Nanjung Ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin (Republic of Korea) 2012-60 1. Summary • Nanjung Ilgi (War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin) is the journal of Yi Sun-sin (1545–1598), one of the most revered heroes of the Korean people, written during the Japanese invasions of 1592–1598. The diary consists of seven volumes of notes written almost daily from January 1592 through November 1598, until days before Yi was killed, on the cusp of a decisive victory, in the last sea battle of the war. • The seven-year war, also known as the Hideyoshi invasions, was triggered by Japanese ambitions to challenge Ming Dynasty China, and advance into the Asian continent. Mass produced armaments were introduced by Japan and China and Korea built the world’s first armor-plated warships. There is evidence that Southeast Asian and European mercenaries participated in the war. • The war diary is without equal in world history as a commander’s battlefield accounts. Written as a personal journal, it describes in detail the daily combat situations, the admiral’s personal views and feelings, observations on the weather, topographical features of battlefields, and the lives of common people. The style is simple and elegant. The diary contains a number of poems, recited by Koreans to this day, heightening its literary value. 2. Nominator 2-1 Name of nominator (person or organization) Cultural Heritage Administration, Republic of Korea 2-2 Relationship to the nominated documentary heritage The government agency responsible for the management of cultural heritage in the Republic of Korea 2-3 Contact person(s) (to provide information on nomination) Yi Kyung-hoon, director of the International Affairs Division, Cultural Heritage Administration 1 2-4 Contact details Name : Yi Kyung-hoon, Director Address : International Affairs Division, Cultural Heritage Administration Daejeon Government Complex Building 1 189 Cheongsa-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-701, Republic of Korea Telephone : +82-42-481-4730 | Facsimile : +82-42-481-4759 Email : [email protected] 3. -
887 © the Author(S) 2019 Kim Dae-Jung, Conscience in Action, NUMBERS and SYMBOLS
INDEX1 NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS 1987 Revolution, 329–340, 862 2nd Marine Division, 98 June Uprising, 329–340 See also Blue Dragon Division See also June 29 Declaration, 862 3-step reunification plan, 166, 381, 1992 Agreed Framework, 661 408, 426, 612 See also Agreement on 3-term constitutional amendment, Reconciliation, Non- 144, 158, 741 Aggression, and Exchanges 3-way South Korea-United States- and Cooperation Between Japan cooperation, 634 South and North 5-year Economic Development Plan, 1992 Agreement, 637–639, 643 78, 80, 85, 238, 239 1993 U.S.-DPRK Joint Communiqué, 9th Infantry Division (White Horse 543, 640, 662 Division), 98 1994 Agreed Framework, 9/11 terrorist attack, 710 541, 735, 837 See also September 11 Attack See also 1994 Geneva Agreed The 21st Century and East Asia, 826 Framework Between the 21st Century Committee, The, 600 United States of America 38th Parallel, 19, 26, and the Democratic People’s 627, 664 Republic of Korea; 1994 55th UN Plenary Session, 660 U.S.-North Korean Agreed 100 Most Influential People, 863 Framework 1Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ denote notes. © The Author(s) 2019 887 Kim Dae-jung, Conscience in Action, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7623-7 888 INDEX 1994 Geneva Agreed Framework Agreement on Reconciliation, Between the United States of Non-Aggression, and Exchanges America and the Democratic and Cooperation Between South People’s Republic of Korea, 637 and North, 632 See also 1994 Agreed Framework; See also 1992 Agreed Framework 1994 U.S.-North Korean Ahn, Byung Mu, 219, 220, 287, Agreed