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LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #1 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Khufu

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 1

1. ﺧﻮﻓﻮ

2.اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﺬاﻟﺔ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﻪ و ﻣﻊ أﺳﺮﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ. اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮدﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﺘﻜﺎر ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ و ﺗﻌﺰو ﻗﺴﻮﺗﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻻﺣﺒﺎط اﻟﺬي ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺘﻪ ﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ و أوﻻده.

3.واﻟﺪا ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن ﺳﻨﻴﻔﻴﺮو و اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺐ ﺣﺮس اﻷوﻟﻰ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﺗﺨﺬ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ زوﺟﺎت، وأﻧﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺑﻨﺎء و ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ اﺑﻨﺔ. ﺧﻠﻔﻪ اﺑﻨﻪ دﺟﻴﺪﻳﻔﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮش. وأﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﻪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺐ ﺣﺮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ.

4.ﻋﺮف ﺧﻮﻓﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺸﻴﻮﺑﺲ أو ﺳﻮﻓﻴﺲ. اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺧﻨﻢ-ﺧﻮﻓﻮ و اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "أﻳﻪ اﻹﻟﻪ ﺧﻨﻢ اﺣﻤﻴﻨﻲ".

5.ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪة ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺪال واﺳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ 23 ﻋﺎم، ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ 50 أو ﺣﺘﻰ 63 ﺳﻨﺔ. ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄن ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ، و ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺎم 2589 اﻟﻰ 2566 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد.

6.ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻫﺮم اﻟﺠﻴﺰة اﻷﻛﺒﺮ، وﻫﻲ أﺣﺪ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ. اﻟﻬﺮم اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ﻫﻮ أﻗﺪم ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ، واﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ.ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻤﺪة 3800 ﻋﺎم أﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺮح ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. اﻟﻬﺮم اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺮة اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة. اﻧﻪ اﻷﻗﺪم و اﻷﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻫﺮام اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺒﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 2 1. Pharaoh Khufu is known as being a very mean, cruel ruler toward both his kingdom and his large family. Stories found on documents such as the Westcar Papyrus reflect Khufu in this negative light and attribute his cruelty to frustration at trying to prolong the reign of himself and his sons.

2. Khufu’s parents were Pharaoh Sneferu and Queen Hetepheres I. He is believed to have had four wives, nine sons, and fifteen daughters. His son Djedefra succeeded his throne. One of his daughters became Queen Hetepheres II.

3. Khufu was also known as Cheops or Suphis. His complete name was actually Khnum- Khufu, which means “the god Khnum protects me.”

4. The length of Khufu's reign is greatly debated by different sources. Some sources claim that he ruled for 23 years, while other sources claim 50 or even 63 years. We do know that Khufu was part of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. He was the 2nd pharaoh of the 4th dynasty, and he reigned from roughly 2589 to 2566 BC.

5. Khufu is most well-known for building the Great Pyramid of Giza, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and, surprisingly, the most well preserved. For a period of 3,800 years, it was the highest man-made edifice in the world. The Great Pyramid is part of the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest and largest of three pyramids located in the Giza Necropolis.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender illegal adjective male ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ dynasty ﺳﻼﻟﺔ protect noun female ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 3 positive اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ bardi papyrus noun Male ﺑﺮدى thought ﻓﻜﺮة throne ﻋﺮش waṯāʾiq Documents noun Feminine*Plural وﺛﺎﺋﻖ

Rumors اﺷﺎﻋﺎت qāsī Cruel noun Male ﻗﺎﺳﻲ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﺑﻨﺎء ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ أي ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻋﺪة

أﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. زوﺟﺎت، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻦ Building a dynasty within any industry ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ذﻟﻚ. It is illegal in most places to have multiple requires a strong familial grip on the wives, but that doesn't stop some men business. from trying.

ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ و ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ أب و أم أن ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ

اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ. ﻃﻔﻠﻪ. Every parent should feel the need to It is important to look at both the positive protect their child. and negative sides of every issue.

ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻧﺠﺎب اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺪﻣﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن اﻟﺒﺮدي ﻛﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ

اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻦ و اﻟﺒﻨﺎت. اﻟﻮرق Ancient Egyptians used papyrus as a form Some men can't stand the thought of of paper. having many daughters and no sons.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 4 ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺜﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ، ﻳﻜﻮن اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب ﻣﻦ laqad ʿaṯarnā ʿalā waṯāʾiqin hāmma اﻟﻌﺮش أﻣﺮ ﻣﺨﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا For a commoner, approaching the throne We have found important documents. can be very terrifying.

اﻷب ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺠﺎه أوﻻده. ﻋﻠﻴﻚ أن ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدرك ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺼﺪق ʾal-ʾabbu qāsun tiǧāh ʾawlādah ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺷﺎﻋﺎت. You've got to check out the source before The father is cruel to his children. believing some rumors.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Cultural Insight: Comic book superhero Hawkman of DC Comics is a reincarnation of Khufu. He originally appeared in Flash Comics in the 1940s as Carter Hall. Carter Hall discovered a ninth metal that could counteract gravity and give him the ability to fly. Hall was an archaeologist by day, and he used weaponry from the museum where he worked in his battles. Khufu also appears in a graphic novel based on the television series Heroes. In this story Khufu is ascribed the ability of levitation. Khufu also appears in the video game Civilization Revolution under the name of Cheops.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #2 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Hatshepsut

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 2

1. ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت

2.ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺑﺄن ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻷﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ. اﻋﺘﻠﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت زوﺟﻬﺎ و أﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ. ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮة اﻷﻃﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺮات اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ " اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺒﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻃﻼق".

3.ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت و زوﺟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ، ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ زوﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻟﻤﺪة 22 ﻋﺎم، رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ. ﺗﻨﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﺪة 21 ﻋﺎم و ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ. ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻬﺎ، أﻧﻬﺎ أﻋﺎدت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺣﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻜﺴﻮس ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ. وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻼد ﺑﻨﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ.

4.اﺷﺘﻬﺮت أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. ﻓﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ﻛُﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ، وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺗﻬﺎ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ أن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﺎوﻟﻮا ﻧﺴﺐ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﻢ.

5.ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻦ ، رﻏﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻮت. ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻠﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ أﺟﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺟﺮاء ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮ وأن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌﻈﺎم.

ENGLISH

1. Hatshepsut

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 2 2. Most archeologists who specialize in Egyptian history agree that Hatshepsut was one of the most successful pharaohs in the nation’s ancient history. She ascended to the throne after the death of her husband and half-brother, Thutmose II. She was the longest reigning female pharaoh of any Egyptian dynasty that came from within the country itself. Her name certainly does seem fitting, as it means “foremost of noble ladies” in English.

3. The policies Hatshepsut and her husband were very similar, so many historians believe she heavily influenced her husband while he was pharaoh. Most experts believe that she reigned for 22 years, although the exact beginning of her reign is not known precisely. Some sources state that she only reigned for 21 years and nine months. Among her accomplishments, she reconnected a number of trade routes that had been cut when the Hyksos occupied her country. She also paid for a trip to the Land of Punt so that they could bring back some important trade goods.

4. She was also known as one of the most successful builders in ancient Egypt. Almost every museum in the world has a statute that was commissioned during her reign, simply because there were so many. She was so successful in building that a few pharaohs who came after her attempted to take credit for her work.

5. Hatshepsut died in her 50s, although no cause of death has been recorded. A more recent forensic examination of her body suggests that she did suffer from diabetes and that the cause of her death was actually bone cancer.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender taʾṯīr influence noun Male ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ

Accomplishment ʿinǧazāt s noun Male*plural إﺗﺠﺎزات muʿānāh Suffering ﻣﻌﺎﺗﺎه yataḫaṣṣaṣ to specialize Verb male ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺺ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 3 tanoṣṣ To state verb Female ﺗﻨﺺ bannāʾ builder noun Male ﺑﻨﺎء

ʾistiʿādah Restore noun Female إﺳﺘﻌﺎدة siyāsah Policy noun Feminine ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ faḥṣ examination noun male ﻓﺤﺺ yaʿtalī To ascend Verb Male ﻳﻌﺘﻠﻲ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻦ إﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻪ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن واﻟﺪه ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. laqad kāna wālidahu šadī d-al-taʾṯīri ʿalaihi taḥaddaṯ ʾal-mohandis ʿan ʾinǧāzātih

He was highly influenced by his father. The engineer talked about his accomplishments.

ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻦ. اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎرة ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎه ﻛﺒﻴﺮة. ʾassafar fī sayyāra muʿānāh kabīrah yataḫaṣṣaṣ hāḏal tālib fil fann

Traveling in a car is great suffering. This student specializes in art.

اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء ﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺎة اﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت. اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ. ʾarissālah tanoṣṣ ʿan ʾaḥdāṯil-maʿrakh al-miṣriyun al-aqudamaaʾ hum bunaẗu al-

ʾahramaat. The message states the events of the battle. The ancient Egyptians were the builders of the Pyramids.

اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﺳﺎس دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة. ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة ﻟﻘﺐ اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟﺔ. tamakkan ʾal-mulākim min ʾistiʿādat laqab-al- ʾal-siyāsal-ʿādilah ʾasāsu dawlatun mustaqirah

buṭulah. Fair Policy is the base of a stable state. The boxer was able to restore the championship title.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 4 إﻋﺘﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺮش. ﻟﻘﺪ أﺟﺮى ﻓﺤﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪه. laqad ʾaǧrā faḥs ʿalā asadih. ʾiʿtalā ʾal-malik ʾal-ʿarš

He made an examination on his body. The king ascended the throne.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

There has apparently been much dispute about the reigns of Hatshepsut, her husband, and their son. There are indications that her name has been removed from royal monuments listing the names of the pharaohs. A number of the statues she commissioned were destroyed or disfigured. Experts say that all of this happened during the reign of her stepson, and some say he did it because he resented his stepmother because he had to serve as co-regent during her reign. However, other authors have suggested that toward the end of Thutmose II’s reign he decided to make his stepmother be remembered as a co-regent rather than a pharaoh because it was very unusual for women to hold the title.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #3 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Thutmose III

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 3

1. ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

2.ﻳﻌﺮف ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﻘﺮي اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي. ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺆوﻻ ﻋﻦ اﻧﺸﺎء اﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺪﺑﻴﺮ 16 ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻼل 20 ﻋﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ. اﺣﺘﻞ 350 ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ، ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ وﺻﻮﻻ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻼل اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﺑﺎ.

3.اﻋﺘﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻌﺮش و ﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﺟﺪا. ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﺎت أﺑﻮه، ﻛﺎن ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺻﻐﻴﺮا ﺟﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻋﺘﻠﺖ زوﺟﺔ اﺑﻴﻪ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت اﻟﻌﺮش. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ، أﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت. اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت ﻧﺼﺒﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻗﺎﺋﺪا ﻟﺠﻴﻮﺷﻬﺎ ، ﺣﻴﺚ أﻇﻬﺮ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ. ﺣﻜﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﺪة 22 ﻋﺎم.

4.ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت، ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻤﺪة 32 ﻋﺎم أﺧﺮى. اﻣﺘﺪت ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ 1479 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد اﻟﻰ 1425 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ﺧﻼل اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ. اﻧﻀﻢ اﻟﻴﻪ اﺑﻨﻪ أﻣﻴﻨﺤﻮﺗﺐ ﻛﻤﻌﺎون ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﻦ اﻷﺧﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻪ.

5.اﺗﺨﺬ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺪة زوﺟﺎت، ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ أو رﺑﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ زوﺟﺎت. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﺑﺄن ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰوج ﻣﻦ أﺧﺘﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ، ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺮوري، وأﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أم أﻛﺒﺮ أﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ . ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺮوري ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﺑﻨﺔ زوﺟﺔ أﺑﻴﻪ، اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت. ﻻ وﺟﻮد ﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺄن ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ و ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺮوري ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰوﺟﺎ. ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ ﺑﺄن اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ، ﺳﺎﺗﻴﺎ، ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ أم اﺑﻨﻪ اﻷول ، أﻣﻨﻤﺤﺎت.

6.اﻻﺑﻦ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﺘﻤﺲ ، أﻣﻨﻤﺤﺎت، ﻣﺎت و ﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ. اﻋﺘﻠﻰ أﻣﻨﻤﺤﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮش ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮت ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ.

ENGLISH

1. Thutmose III

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #3 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : THUTMOS E I I I 2 2. Thutmose III is historically known as a military genius. He was responsible for the creation of Egypt's largest empire, orchestrating 16 military campaign raids in only twenty years. He conquered 350 cities, encompassing areas from Niya in northern Syria all the way to the fourth waterfall of the Nile in Nubia.

3. Thutmose III came to the throne very young. When his father died, Thutmose III was too young to rule, so his stepmother, Queen Hatshepsut, took the throne. After a time, Thutmose III became co-ruler with Hatshepsut. Queen Hatshepsut made Thutmose III head of her armies, where he experienced great military success. They ruled together for twenty-two years.

4. After the death of Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III reigned for another thirty-two years. His total reign encompassed the years of 1479 B.C. to 1425 B.C. during the eighteenth Dynasty. His son, Amenhotep II, joined him as co-ruler during the last two years of his reign.

5. Thutmose III had many wives; there were six or possibly seven. Some scholars believe that Thutmose III may have married his half-sister, Neferure, and that she was the mother of his oldest son. Neferure was the daughter of his stepmother, Queen Hatshepsut .There is no conclusive evidence as to whether Thutmose III and Neferure were married. Most reports indicate that Thutmose III's first wife, Satiah, was actually the mother of his first born son, Amenemhat.

6. Thutmose's oldest son, Amenemhat, died fairly young. Amenemhat II took the throne upon the death of Thutmose III.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender military اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ

ʿabqarī Genius noun Masculine ﻋﺒﻘﺮي

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #3 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : THUTMOS E I I I 3 conclusive ﻗﺎﻃﻊ eventually ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ

Reign ﺣﻜﻢ

Evidence دﻟﻴﻞ

Complicated ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ waterfall noun masculine ﺷﻼل frequently ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر

masculine*Plura taqarīr Reports noun l ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﺒﻘﺮي. ﺗﻜﻠﻒ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﺴﻼم و ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ hāḏa ʾal-walad ʿabqarei اﻟﺸﻌﺐ The military is charged with keeping the That boy is a genius. peace and protecting the people.

اﻟﻤﻮت ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف. ﺗﺒﺪو اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺎت أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ. Sometimes it seems like the answer is Death will eventually come to us all. simply not conclusive.

اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺬب. اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻫﻮ داﺋﻤﺎ أﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﻮد ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ. Choosing how to reign is always up to the The evidence in a case doesn't lie. monarch.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #3 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : THUTMOS E I I I 4 ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺸﻼﻻت أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺰداد اﻷﺳﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن

ﻗﻀﺎء اﺟﺎزاﺗﻬﻢ. ﻟﻚ أخ أو أﺧﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ. Families can get complicated when you Many people like to see a waterfall as part have a half-sister and half-brother. of their vacation.

ﺗﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ. اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻰ ﻣﺪن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر ﺧﻼل tafaḥaṣ ʾal-mudīr ʾal-taqarīr ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ .The manager checked the reports اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺎت. Moving to various cities frequently during childhood can make it hard to keep friends.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Stolen Egyptian Thrones

For many years, scholars believed that Queen Hatshepsut stole the throne from Thutmose III upon the death of his father and that Thutmose never forgave her for that. After the death of Queen Hatshepsut, many of her monuments were defaced and destroyed. It has been commonly believed that this was the work of Thutmose III in an attempt to condemn and erase evidence of Queen Hatshepsut from history. Recently this account has come into question because Queen Hatshepsut did, in fact, give military control to Thutmose III. Scholars question why Queen Hatshepsut would give so much power to Thutmose III if, in fact, there was bad blood between them.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #3 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : THUTMOS E I I I 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #4 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Akhenaten

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 4

1. أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن

2.أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻋﻮن اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ادﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي اﻟﻤﺼﺮي. ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن ﻳﻤﺎرﺳﻮن اﻻﺷﺮاك، وﻫﻮ اﻹﻳﻤﺎن ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ إﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ. أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن أدﺧﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻻﻳﻤﺎن ﺑﺈﻟﻪ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻮل اﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﺟﻮد اﻵﻟﻬﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى . رﻛﺰت ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺗﻮن ، وﻫﻮ ﻗﺮص اﻟﺸﻤﺲ.

3.ﻋُﺮِف أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ أﻣﻴﻨﺤﻮﺗﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ. ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺄﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻤﻜﻪ. ﺣﻜﻢ اأﺳﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ ﻟﻤﺪة 17 ﻋﺎﻣﺎ، وﻣﺎت إﻣﺎ 1336 أو 1334 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ، رﻓﺾ اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ و ﻋﺎدوا ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﻋﺎداﺗﻬﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ. ﺣﺘﻰ إن اﻟﺴﺠﻼت ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﺑﺄﻧﻪ "اﻟﻌﺪو"

4.ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ، ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎرﻧﺎ، وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺐ أﺛﺮي، اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﻴﺘﺎﺗﻮن اﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ . أﺧﻴﺘﺎﺗﻮن ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺼﺮي ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻟﻺﻟﻪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻪ، أﺗﻮن.

5.ﺗﺰوج أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺮﺗﻴﺘﻲ. رزﻗﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ ﺑﻨﺎت . اﺗﺨﺬ أﻳﻀﺎ زوﺟﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔاﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻛﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﺠﺒﺖ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ اﻣﻮن، و رﻓﻴﻘﺘﻴﻦ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺄن أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﻗﺪ اﺗﺨﺬ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﻪ رﻓﻴﻘﺎت ﻟﻪ.

6.أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺳﻤﻨﺨﻜﻴﺮ، وﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪاه، رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪون ﺑﺄن ﺳﻤﻨﺨﻜﻴﺮ ﻛﺎن واﻟﺪ أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﺑﺄن ﺳﻤﻨﺨﻜﻴﺮ ﻛﺎن ﺣﺒﻴﺐ أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن.

ENGLISH

1. Akhenaten

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #4 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : AKHENATEN 2 2. Akhenaten is a pharaoh who was most well-known historically for introducing a change to traditional Egyptian religion. Egyptians subscribed to a practice of polytheism, which is the belief in multiple gods and goddesses, each of whom has their own set of myths. Akhenaten introduced henotheism, which is the worship of a single god, while also accepting the possibility of the existence of other gods and goddesses. Akhenaten's practice focused on the Aten, which is the disk of the sun.

3. Akhenaten was originally known as Amenhotep IV. He became known as Akhenaten in the fifth year of his reign. He ruled during the 18th Dynasty of Egypt for 17 years, dying in either 1336 or 1334 BC. Following his death, leaders rejected his shift from polytheism to henotheism and returned to their previous practices. Records even refer to Akhenaten as “the enemy.”

4. In the 19th century, at the Amarna, an archaeological dig site, scientists discovered the ancient city of Akhetaten. Akhetaten is the ancient Egyptian name for the city that Akhenaten built for his god, Aten.

5. Akhenaten was married to Queen Nefertiti. They had six daughters together. He also had a secondary wife, Kiya,who gave birth to Tutankhamen and two other consorts. It is also believed that Akhenaten may have taken some of his daughters as consorts.

6. Akhenaten was succeeded by Smenkhkare. It is unknown who the parents of Smenkhkare were, although many scholars believe that Akhenaten was his father. Some scholars believe that Smenkhkare was also Akhenaten's lover.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

ǧidāl debate noun male ﺟﺪال

ʾustuurah myth noun Feminine أﺳﻄﻮرة tadmīr Destroy noun male ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #4 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : AKHENATEN 3 yaʿtaqid To Believe Verb male ﻳﻐﺘﻘﺪ wuǧuud Existence noun Male وﺟﻮد

ʾal-mumārasah Practice noun Female اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ nuqṭah Point noun Female ﻧﻘﻄﺔ tušiʿʿ To shine verb female ﺗﺸﻊ tawattur Stress noun male ﺗﻮﺗﺮ taqlīdī Traditional noun Masculine ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي

SAMPLE SENTENCES

آﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺟﺪال ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. ʾal-dīn hua qaī iyatu ǧidālun fī ʾanḥāʾ ʾal-ʿālam āman al-nās bil-ʾasāṭīr fil ʿuṣuur ʾalqadīmah

Religion is a matter of much debate all People believed in myths in the ancient over the world. times.

ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺄن ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺳﻴﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺰواج ʾittiḫaḏ ḥabīb sayuʾ addī ʾ lā tadmīr ḥayatak اﻟﻤﻮت. yaʿtaqid baʿdal-nās bi ʾan kull šaiʾ yatawaqqaf baʿd- Taking a lover will destroy your marriage. almaut

Some people believe that everything just stops after death.

اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﺗﺆدي ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷوﻗﺎت. وﺟﻮدﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﻫﻮ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮر -ʾal-mumāeasah tuʾadd ī lil-kamāl fī muʿḏam ʾal اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻮر. ʾwqāt wuǧuduna ʿal-al-ʾard hua qaṣ īr dimnʾal-tawattorr ʾal-wāsiʿ lil-ʾomuur Practice makes perfect most of the time. Our existence on Earth is rather short in the grand scheme of things.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #4 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : AKHENATEN 4 اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﺸﻊ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ. ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻪ أﻋﺪاء ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ. kullu-šaḫsun lahu ʾaʿdāʾun fī nuqṭaẗin mā fī ʾal-šamsu tušiʿʿul-ḍauʾ ʿalal-kaukab biʾkmalih

ḥayaātih. The sun shines light on the entire planet. Everyone has an enemy at some point in their lives.

اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻮﻧﻮ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺰي اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن. اﻧﺠﺎب اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ʾal-kimono hual-zei ʾal-taqlīdei fī l-yābān اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ʾinǧāb-al-kaṯīr min ʾal-ʾaṭfāl marrat wāidat yusabbib The kimono is the traditional dress in ʾal-tawattur ʾalnafsei Japan. Having multiple children all at once is very stressful.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Pharaohs are typically portrayed in art as being of very athletic build. However, Akhenaten was portrayed very differently. Depictions of Akhenaten show him with very heavy thighs, a large stomach and breasts but a long, thin face. Because of this, some researchers believe that Akhenaten may have had some kind of disease or genetic abnormality. Because of his more feminine appearance, some scientists believe that Akhenaten may have had Froelich's Syndrome. This claim is disputed, however, because it causes sterility. Other researchers believe that it is more likely that Akhenaten had Marfan's syndrome, a genetic disorder with symptoms that were present in both Akhenaten and his children.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #4 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : AKHENATEN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #5 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Tutankhamen

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 5

1.ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ اﻣﻮن

2.ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ اﻣﻮن ﻫﻮ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ. اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻗﺒﺮ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮظ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ راﺋﻊ ﻋﺎم 1922 أﺛﺎر اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺪدا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي و اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ. ﻗﻨﺎﻋﻪ اﻟﺬي دﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ.

3.اﻋﺘﻠﻰ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن اﻟﻌﺮش ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ 1333 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت واﻟﺪه أﺧﻨﺎﺗﻮن. ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻼل اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻤﺪة ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮات ، وﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ وﻫﻮ 18 ﻋﺎﻣﺎً.

4.أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻢ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻧﻘﻼﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎدة أﺑﻴﻪ ﻟﻺﻟﻪ أﺗﻮن . ﻋﺎد اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺗﻮت اﻟﻰ ﻋﺒﺎدة اﻹﻟﻪ أﻣﻮن.

5.ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻮت ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺪل ﻛﺒﻴﺮ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺄن ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ أن واﻟﺪاه ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﻦ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﺤﻨﻚ اﻟﻤﺸﻘﻮق اﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت أﺧﺮى. ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼرﻳﺎ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ.

6.ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط، ﺑﺄن ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻏﺘﻴﺎﻟﻪ و ﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ رأﺳﻪ . اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺣﺪث ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺣﺎل. ﻗﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﺟﺮاء ﻣﺴﻮﺣﺎت أﺷﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎﺋﻪ و اﻟﺘﻲ أﺷﺎرت ﺑﺄن ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻗﺪ ﻛﺴﺮ رﺟﻠﻪ وأﺻﻴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ. ﺗﺮاﻓﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ أﻣﺮاﺿﻪ اﻟﺠﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ.

7.زوﺟﺔ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن ﻋﻨﺨﻴﺴﻴﻨﺎﻣﻮن. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻷﺧﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن، و ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎوات أﻃﻔﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻀﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺮ ﺗﻮت ﻋﻨﺦ آﻣﻮن.

ENGLISH

1. Tutankhamen

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #5 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : TUTANKHAMEN 2 2. Tutankhamen is one of the most well-known of Egyptian Pharaohs. The discovery of Tutankhamen's remarkably well-preserved tomb in 1922 brought about a renewed interest in Egyptian history and the Pharaohs. His burial mask is easily recognized across the world.

3. Tutankhamen took the throne at the age of only nine or ten in 1333 BC following the death of his father, Akhenaten. He reigned during the 18th Dynasty in the New Kingdom for about ten years, dying at the young age of 18.

4. One of the most significant acts of Tutankhamen's reign was his reversal of his father's worship of the god Aten. King Tut returned to the worship of the god Amun.

5. The cause of Tutankhamen's death is greatly debated. Many scientists believe that Tutankhamen had some type of genetic abnormality due to the fact that his parents were brother and sister. It is believed that he had a cleft palate, among other problems. He is known to have suffered from malaria at several points during his life as well.

6. At one point, researchers believed that Tutankhamen was assassinated and died from a blow to the head. More recent information contradicts that, however. Scientists have performed CT scans which indicate that Tutankhamen broke his leg and developed an infection shortly before his death. This event coupled with any genetic diseases he was facing most likely caused his death.

7. Tutankhamen's wife was Ankhesenamun. She is believed to be Tutankhamen's half- sister, and the mummies of their two stillborn children were found in Tutankhamen's tomb.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

ʾaqniʿah masks noun Male*plural أﻗﻨﻌﺔ

ʾiltihāb Infection noun Male إﻟﺘﻬﺎب

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #5 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : TUTANKHAMEN 3 ǧīnāt genetics noun Male*plural ﺟﻴﻨﺎت

ḥanak Palate noun Male ﺣﻨﻚ bāḥiṯīn researchers noun Male*plural ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ dimāġ Brain noun Male دﻣﺎغ našiṭ Active noun Male ﻧﺸﻂ

ʾiġtiāl Assassinate noun male إﻏﺘﻴﺎل murwi ʿ Macabre noun Male ﻣﺮوع malḥuḏ Significant noun Male ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻹﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا أﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻷذن. ﻳﺮﺗﺪي اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻷﻗﻨﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﺎط ʾal-ʾinfluenza ʾaṣābathu biʾiltihāb fil-uḏun ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ. yartadī ʾal-ʿadīd minal-nās ʾal-ʾaqniʿah fī niqāṭin The flu gave him an ear infection. muḫtalifah min ḥayātihim

Many people wear masks at different points in life.

ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﺒﻮﻇﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ أﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻨﻜﻚ. ﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﻲء ﻟﻴﻘﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ اﻣﺘﻼك اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﺠﻴﻨﺎت tanāul ʾal-buuḏah bisorʿatin qad yusabbib ʾalaminn راﺋﻌﺔ. fī ḥanakik hunāka šaiʾin liuqāl ʿind ʾimtilāk al-insān liǧīnātin rāʾiʿah Eating ice cream too quickly can cause There is something to be said for having pain in your palate. incredible genetics.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #5 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : TUTANKHAMEN 4 اﻟﺮأس ﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ. ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ʾarraʾsu hua ḥaiṯu yuǧad-al-dimāġ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ iyatim tauḏīf al-bāḥiṯīn lil-naḏar fil-ʿadīd min ʾal- The head is where the brain is housed. mawaḍīʿ al-muḫtalifah

Researchers are hired to look into many different topics.

ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻏﺘﻴﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﻼرﻳﺎ ﻣﺮض ﻧﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﺨﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮق اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﻢ. -māzālat ʾal-malāria maraḍun našiṭ fil-duwal ʾal nāmīa qilla min ʾal-qādah fil ʿālam qad tamm ʾiġtiyālihim bisababb nuḫbah min firaqal-ʾamn ʾal-ḫāṣṣah Malaria is still an active disease in bihim. developing countries. Few leaders in the world are assassinated because of their elite security teams.

ﻫﻨﺎك إرﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﺪﻓﻨﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻣﺮوﻋﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ أﻣﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. ﺿﺮوري. ʾal-taḫṭīṭ musabbaqan lidafnik qad yabdu murwi ʿan hunāk ʾirtifāʿun malḥuḏ fī nisbat-il-baṭāla fil-ʿālam. lakinnahu ʾamrun daruurei There's a significant raise in Planning ahead for your burial seems unemployment around the globe. macabre but is necessary.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Tutankhamen's mummy is now on display in an underground tomb at Luxor, a city at the site of the ancient city of Thebes. The area in which Tutankhamen was buried is known as the Valley of the Kings because tombs were constructed for Pharaohs in that location for over 500 years. In order to slow decomposition, the mummy was removed from its sarcophagus and placed in a climate-controlled glass case. Visitors can take a tour and go into the tomb and see the sarcophagus. Tutankhamen's mummy is over 3,300 years old.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #5 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : TUTANKHAMEN 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #6 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Rameses II

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 6

1.رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ

2.رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ، اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺮﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ، ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ . ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه 14 ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻋﻴﻨﻪ واﻟﺪه ﺳﻴﺘﻲ اﻷول وﺻﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺮش. أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ 1279 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 65 ﻋﺎم.

3.اﻛﺘﺴﺐ رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ اﺳﻤﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ اﻋﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﻮة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ دوﻟﺘﻪ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺎﺋﺪا ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎ، ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﻌﺎد اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻨﻌﺎن و أﺧﺬ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﻼت ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ و ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ. ﻗﺎد أﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻼت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ.

4.اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي اﻟﺜﺮي اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺮﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ، ﻗﺎم أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﻼد. ﻣﺂﺛﺮه اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﻤﻌﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﻣﺴﻴﻮم. ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت 1500 ﻋﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ، و ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء أي ﺷﻲء ﺑﺮوﻋﺘﻬﺎ و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ - ﺣﺘﻰ ﺟﺎء رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ.

5.رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻌﻮد ﻟﻪ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻷﻗﺼﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻲ-رﻋﻤﺴﻮ ، وﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺌﻮي ﻋﺪد ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ و ﻗﺼﺮ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، وﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﻧﺠﺐ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 100 اﺑﻦ و اﺗﺨﺬ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت، أﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﻴﺮﺗﻴﺘﻲ.

6.ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺄن رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻋﻮن اﻟﺨﺮوج اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺠﻴﻞ، ﺗﻢ اﺑﺘﻜﺎر اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻼم و اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﺪة أﻓﻼم ﺣﻮل ﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﺨﺮوج و ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء، اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺮﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﻠﻌﻮن، ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ آن راﻳﺲ 1989.

ENGLISH

1. Rameses II

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #6 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMES ES I I 2 2. Rameses II, also known as Rameses the Great, ruled in the 19th dynasty of Egypt. When he was just 14 years old, his father, Seti I, appointed him Prince Regent. He became pharaoh in 1279 BC, ruling for more than 65 years.

3. Rameses the Great earned his name because among the Egyptian people, he is viewed as the most powerful pharaoh in their country’s history. He was a great military commander, regaining control over Canaan and also taking his army south for successful campaigns in Nubia and Libya. He also led numerous successful military campaigns in Syria.

4. In addition to the rich military history which surrounds Rameses II, he also built many monuments and commissioned statues throughout the country. His incredible building feats started with the temple Ramesseum. The Pyramids were built 1500 years before his time, and nothing on such a grand scale had been built since then—until Rameses II came along.

5. Rameses II is also credited with moving Egypt’s capital from the city of Thebes to the new city of Pi-Ramessu, a city he built to be home to numerous massive temples and a new residential palace, which even had its own zoo. He is believed to have had more than 100 children with his many wives, the most famous of whom is Nefertari.

6. Egyptologists believe Rameses II was the pharaoh mentioned in Exodus in the Bible, and several movies and books have created stories around his life, including several films about the Exodus story and even The Mummy, also known as Ramses the Damned, a 1989 book by Anne Rice.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

ʾinǧīliyyah Bibilical Adjective Masculine اﻧﺠﻴﻠﻴﺔ

ʾal-ḫurūǧ Exodus noun Masculine اﻟﺨﺮوج

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #6 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMES ES I I 3 masculine*Plura أﻫﺮاﻣﺎت ʾahrāmāt pyramids noun l

ġādara To Leave Verb Masculine ﻏﺎدر maʿ bad Temple noun masculine ﻣﻌﺒﺪ

manṭiqa sakaniyyah Residential Area noun Feminine ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ

ʾal-kaṯīr great deal noun Masculine اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ qāʾid Commander noun Masculine ﻗﺎﺋﺪ

ḍaḫm Massive noun Masculine ﺿﺨﻢ

ḥaḍīqaẗ ʾal- ḥayawān Zoo noun Feminine ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮان

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻳﺴﺮد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺨﺮوج ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗﺼﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻟﻰ اﻷزﻣﺎن و ﺑﻨﻲ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺮﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن. اﻻﻧﺠﻴﻠﻴﺔ و ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ hunāka qiṣaṣ ʿan miṣriyyīn taʿūd ʾilal-ʾazmān ʾal- yasrid kitābul-ḫurūǧ tafāṣīla qiṣṣaẗ sayyidnā mūsā ʾinǧīliyyah wa qabl ḏālik. wa banī ʾisrāʾīl ʿinda hurūbihim min ʾal-firʿawn.

There are stories of the Egyptian people The book of Exodus details the story of dating back to Biblical times and before. Moses and the Israelites as they escaped from the pharaoh.

ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻏﺎدر ﺷﻌﺐ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ، ذﻫﺒﻮا اﻟﻰ اﻷﻫﺮاﻣﺎت ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ. ʾal-ʾahrāmāt hiya ʾiḥdā ʿaǧāʾib-al-dduniyā. أرض ﻛﻨﻌﺎن baʿ d ʾan ġādara šaʿbu ʾisrāʾīl miṣr, ḏahabū ʾilā ʾardi The Pyramids are among the great kanʿān. wonders of the world. After they left Egypt, the people of Israel went to the land of Canaan.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #6 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMES ES I I 4 ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﻫﺎدﺋﺔ و ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺮان اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة. اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ. tamm bināʾ ʾal-maʿābid min ʾagl ʾal-ʿadīd min-al- yaǧib ʾan takūn ʾal-manātiq ʾal-sakaniyyah hādiʾah ʾālihah ʿabr ʾal-tārīḫ wa malīʾah bilǧīrān al-laḏin yuqaddimūn ʾal-

musāʿadah. Temples have been built to various gods throughout history. Residential areas should be quiet and full of helpful neighbors.

أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﺋﺪا ﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﻴﺎة. ʿallamna l-tārīḫu ʾl-kaṯīr ḥawl ʾal-ḥayāh. ﻋﻠﻰ رؤوس ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ʾan takūnu qāʾidan li-firqaẗin ṣaġīraẗin yakfī likai History has taught us a great deal about tusayṭir ʿalā ruʾūs baʿd al-riǧāl. life. Being commander of a small force is enough to go to some men's heads.

ﻗﺪﻳﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮان. إن أﺑﻮ اﻟﻬﻮل ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ﺿﺨﻢ. ʾinna abul-hawl timṯālan ḍaḫm. qadaitu yawmī fī ḥadīqatil ḥayawān.

The Sphinx is a massive statue. I spent my day at the Zoo.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Rameses II may be one of the only people on earth to legally be issued a passport after his death. When Egyptologists were studying his mummy in 1974, they noticed that it was deteriorating very quickly. They flew his body to Paris so they could examine it, and in order to get his mummy out of the country, Egyptian officials issued him a passport. On that passport, his occupation was listed as "King (deceased)". When he arrived in Paris, his mummy was received with full military honors. His mummy now "resides" in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, and it is one of the most well-preserved mummies ever found.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #6 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMES ES I I 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #7 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Ramses III

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 7

1.رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ

2.ﻓﺮﻋﻮن ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة، ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﺄن رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻛﺎن آﺧﺮ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ. ﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﺘﻨﺨﻴﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش و ﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب ﺛﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﻋﺎم. ﺗﻤﻴﺰت ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺑﺤﺪوث اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت و اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮت رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ، ﻓﻘﺪت اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﻌﺸﺮون ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ و دﺧﻠﺖ ﻓﺘﺮﺗﻬﺎاﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ، و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻴﺰت ﺑﻌﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار و اﻟﺸﻜﻮﻛﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ.

3.ﻫﺰم رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺷﻌﻮب اﻟﺒﺤﺎر، اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻐﺰون ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺤﺮا و ﺑﺮا، و ادﻋﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻛﻨﻌﺎن. اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎرك ﺿﺪ اﻟﻠﻴﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ دﻟﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ، و ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﺮوب اﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﻌﻮب اﻟﺒﺤﺎر، أدت اﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ . ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ، اﻧﺨﻔﻀﺖ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ آﺳﻴﺎ.

4.ﺗﺄﺛﺮ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ. اﻧﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻫﻴﻜﻼ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ 1000 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ و ﻗﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ. ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﻟﻤﺪة ﻋﻘﺪﻳﻦ، واﺷﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺄن ﺛﻮران ﻫﻴﻜﻼ 3 و اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺨﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ أدت اﻟﻰ اﺿﺮاب اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ "ﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻋﺖ ﺣِﻴﺮ اﻣﻨﺘﻲ واﺻﻴﺖ" (أي اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ دﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ). اﺿﺮاب ﻣﺼﺮ اﻷول ﻛﺎن ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر و اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم. أﺛﺮ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﺤﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ و ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ. ﻣﺎت رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ و اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ، و ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮرﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﺮش اﻟﻰ اﺑﻨﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ، رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ.

ENGLISH

1. RAMSES III

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMS ES I I I 2 2. A pharaoh during the New Kingdom, Ramses III is often thought to be the last great pharaoh of that time period. He succeeded Setnakhte to the throne and ruled for just over thirty years. His reign was marked by turmoil and change in Egypt, including an environmental disaster. Not long after Ramses III, the Twentieth Dynasty lost its grip on power and Egypt entered its Third Intermediate Period, which was marked by instability and political uncertainty.

3. Ramses III defeated the Sea Peoples, who had been invading and attacking Egypt on both sea and land, and he claimed to have relocated them to southern Canaan. He also ended up in battles against Libyans in the Nile Delta region, and these wars, along with those against the Sea Peoples, severely strained Egypt’s financial resources. Consequently, Egyptian power and holdings in Asia declined.

4. Egypt’s precarious financial situation was affected by an environmental disaster. A volcano, Hekla, in Iceland exploded in around 1000 BC, causing cooling and reduced sunlight in some parts of the globe. Tree growth was affected for two decades, and it has been suspected that the Hekla 3 eruption and the low treasury funds are what precipitated a labor strike in the village of Set Maat her imenty Waset (modern-day Deir el Medina). Egypt’s first strike was due to absent food rations for tomb artisans and builders. Inflation affected the grain prices for both the end of Ramses III’s reign and his successor’s reign. Ramses III died in the 32nd year of his reign; his throne passed to his fifth son, Ramses IV.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender firʿawn Pharaoh noun Masculine ﻓﺮﻋﻮن yaġzū To invade Verb Masculine ﻳﻐﺰو

ʾal-ḥubūb Grain noun Feminine*Plural اﻟﺤﺒﻮب mašhūr popular adjective masculine ﻣﺸﻬﻮر māliyyah Financial Adjective Masculine ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMS ES I I I 3 ʾiʿādaẗ taṣnīʿ Recycle noun Feminine إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ

ʾiǧhād Strain noun Masculine إﺟﻬﺎد

šakk Uncertainty noun Masculine ﺷﻚ

ʿāhil Monarch noun Masculine ﻋﺎﻫﻞ tabrīd Cooling Adjective Masculine ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻳﺤﺎول اﻟﻌﺪو ﻏﺰو أرﺿﻨﺎ. ﻣﺼﺮ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ اﺳﻢ yuḥāwil ul-ʿadiww ġazw ʾardanā "ﻓﺮﻋﻮن" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ miṣru hiya-l-dawla al-waḥīdah allatī kānat tuṭliqa The enemy is trying to invade our land. ʾisma firʿawn ʿalā ḥukkāmiha

Egypt was the only country to call its rulers "pharaohs."

ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﺷﺨﺺ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻃﻔﻼ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﻣﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب ﻫﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻏﺬاﺋﻲ ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ .Not everyone can be the popular kid اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات. maḥāṣīl ul-ḥubūbi hiya ʾistiqrārun ġiḏāʾiyyun limuʿẓam al-ḥaḍārāt.

Grain is a food stable for most cultures.

ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻨﻊ أو ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺪﻋﻴﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ. ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ. ʾan takūna mašhūran liʿuqūdan huwa ʾamrun qad yaʿmal ʾal-ḫubarāʾ al-māliyyūn ʿalā ṣunʿ ʾaw yumkina ʾan yaddaʿīh qillah min al-fannānīn tadmīr ḥisābāt il-taqāʿud al-ḫāṣṣaẗi bik.

Being popular for decades is something a Financial experts can make or break your minority of artists can claim. retirement accounts.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMS ES I I I 4 اﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ذوات اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﺆدي ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻗﻞ إرﺿﺎﺋﺎ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻳﺒﺤﺜﻮن ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮق ﻻﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ʾal-ʿadīdu min-al-nāsi ḏawāt-ittafkīr al-muwaǧǧah ʾal-šuʿūr bil-ʾiǧhād wal tawattur ʾal-nafsey qad naḥw al-bīʾah yabḥaṯūn ʿan ṭuruqun lʾiʿādaẗ il- yaǧʿalak tuʾaddī ʿamalk bišakllin ʾaqall ʾirḍāʾan. taṣnīʿ. Feeling strained can cause you to perform Many people who are environmentally in a less than satisfactory manner. minded look for ways to recycle.

إن ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻮاﻫﻞ ﻣﺠﺮد رﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺸﻚ ﻓﻲ أي أﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا. اﻻﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ. muwāǧahaẗu-l-šakki fī ʾayy ʾamrin yusabbib-ul-kaṯīra ʾinna mulku-l-ʿawāhil muǧarrad ramziyyah fī baʿd il- min al-ʾiǧhād ʾal-nafeyy. ʾamākin fī yawminā hāḏa.

Facing uncertainty in anything causes a lot The reign of monarchs today is just of stress. symbolic in some places.

ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻌﺼﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﻘﺪم ﺷﻬﻴﺎ. yaḥtāǧ al-ʿaṣīru ʾilā baʿḍun min al-tabrīd liyuqaddam šahiyyan.

The juice needs some cooling to be served delicious.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Another first from Ramses III's rule is the existing documentation of a palace murder plot against the pharaoh. Two of his wives, Tey and Iset Ta-Hemdjert, plotted to murder the king and install their own son on the throne. The plot was discovered and all those who partook were taken to trial. The trial transcripts show that the conspiracy was far-reaching, including butlers, scribes, standard bearers, treasury overseers, judiciary members, and even the servant of the pharaoh's food and drink. Ramses III died during the trial, so it is unknown whether the conspirators succeeded or not. The throne of Upper and Lower Egypt passed on to his intended successor, Ramses IV.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #7 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : RAMS ES I I I 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #8 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Darius

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 8

1. دارا اﻷول

2.أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻮك اﻟﻔﺮس اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﺒﻮا "ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ"،دارا اﻷول ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻜﻢ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺳﺴﻬﺎ ﻛﻮرش اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ 550 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد. ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﻜﻮرش، ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ ﺿﻤﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻮك اﻷﺧﻤﻴﻨﻴﻴﻦ. ﺣﻜﻢ ﻛﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻠﻮك (ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻨﺸﺎه) ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻌﺪ اﺑﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﻮرش ﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﻤﺒﻴﺰ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺮدﻳﺎ.

3.أﺻﻮل دارا ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻘﺎل ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺔ ﺟﺪا و ﺑﺮز ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺮﻣﺎح اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﻗﻤﺒﻴﺰ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ. وﺻﻞ دارا اﻷول اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش ﻓﻲ 522 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد و ﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻤﺪة 36 ﻋﺎم. اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺑﻼد ﻓﺎرس ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﻤﻠﺖ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ ، ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ، ﺑﻮﻟﺸﺴﺘﺎن( ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺴﺘﻨﺎن ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ) و أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎن. أﺿﺎف دارا اﻷول ﻣﺎﻗﺪوﻧﻴﺎ و ﺗﺮاﻗﻴﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ و ﻗﺎم ﺑﻤﻬﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﺜﻴﺎ.

4.ﺷﻤﻠﺖ إﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻪ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻴﺔ. وازدﻫﺮت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ، و ﻗﺎم ﺑﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ، اﻟﺸﺤﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري ، واﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪي ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة. ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ أدى اﻟﻰ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟﺒﻨﻮك اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﻘﺮوض و اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻧﺎت. ان ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺮي و اﻟﻄﺮق. ﻗﺎم ﺑﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ و اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ و اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ.

5.رﻏﻢ أﻧﻪ زرداﺷﺘﻲ، اﺳﺘﻤﺮ دارا اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻛﻮرش اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ، وﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﻮب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪﻫﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ، ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ، و أﺻﻠﺢ أﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ و راﻗﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﻘﻮﺳﻬﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ.

ENGLISH

1. DARIUS I

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #8 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : DARI US 2 2. One of the three Persian kings with the title “The Great,” Darius I was the fourth king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. He was not a direct relation of Cyrus’, but he did belong to the same tribe, so he is grouped in with the Achaemenid kings. He ruled as king of kings (shahenshah) in Persia after the two sons of Cyrus, Cambyses II and Bardiya.

3. Darius I’s origins are not fully known, but it has been said that he came from humble circumstances and rose to become King Cambyses II’s personal lancer. Darius I came to the throne in 522 BC and ruled for 36 years. The Persian Empire covered not only Persia, but also Egypt, Kurdistan, Baluchistan (part of present-day Pakistan) and parts of Greece. Darius I added Macedon and Thrace to the empire and attacked Scythia.

4. His economical reforms included the development of a universal currency that was used in and out of the Persian Empire. International trade bloomed as a result, and he built highways, commercial shipping, and a postal system to further encourage trade. He established a new tax system that led to the creation of banks that provided credit and loans. The influx of government funds enabled him to improve infrastructure including irrigation and roads. He built a canal linking the Red Sea to the Nile and between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.

5. Although a Zoroastrian, Darius II continued Cyrus II’s policy of religious tolerance and not only allowed conquered peoples to worship freely, he also gave them occasional grants, restored their holy places and observed some of their religious rites.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

ʿ abr Throughout noun Masculine ﻋﺒﺮ

ʾimbrāṭūriyyah Empire noun Feminine إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ

ʿilāqah relation noun Feminine ﻋﻼﻗﺔ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #8 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : DARI US 3 Rites of masculine*Plura ﻃﻘﻮس اﻟﻌﺒﻮر ṭuqūs al-ʿubūr Passage noun l tiǧārah Trade noun Feminine ﺗﺠﺎرة

ʾaṣl origin noun Masculine أﺻﻞ

masculine*Plura muʿ taqadāt Beliefs noun l ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪات

ʾal-tadayyun Being religious noun Masculine اﻟﺘﺪﻳﻦ tasāmuḥ Tolerance noun Masculine ﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ qabīlah tribe noun Feminine ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻠﻮك ﺟﻴﺪﻳﻦ و ﻣﻠﻮك ﺳﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ إﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮريm ﻳﻮﻣﺎ. اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ. kāna hunāk mulūkan ǧayyidīn wa mulūkan kānat ʾal-ʾimbrāṭūriyyah al-rūmāniyyah ʾaʿ ẓam sayyiʾīn ʿabr al-tārīḫ. ʾimbrāṭūriyya yawman.

There have been both good and bad kings The Roman empire was once the greatest throughout history. empire.

ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻘﻮس اﻟﻌﺒﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﻢ. اﻟﻤﺮور ﺑﻬﺎ lā yaʿrif al-ǧamīʿu fī yawminā hāḏa mā hiyā ʿilāqātihim. hunāk ul-ʿadīd min ṭuqūs il-ʿubūr ʾallatyī yanbaġī ʿalainā al-murūru bihā. Today not everyone knows what their relations are. There are many rites of passage we must go through.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #8 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : DARI US 4 أﺻﻮل اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﺎش ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء. ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة درس إﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل taʿallumu kaifiyyaẗ il-tiǧārah darsun ʾibtidāʾiy ʾuṣūl ul-zamani hiya mawdūʿ niqāšun kabīrun bain lilʾaṭfāl. al-ḫubarāʾi.

Learning how to trade is an elementary The origins of time are greatly debated lesson for children. among experts.

اﻟﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ إﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ. ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ʾal-tadayyunu lā yaʿnī ʾinnaka satadḫul al-ǧannah. ﺑﺤﻖ. hunāk ul-kaṯīru min al-muʿtaqadāt allatī tuʿtabar Being religious does not mean you will go ʿālamiyya biḥaqq. to heaven. There are few beliefs that are truly universal.

إن ﺷﻴﺦ اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ اﻷب اﻟﺮوﺣﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ. راﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎ. ʾal-tasāmuḥu yusāʿidu fī ǧaʿl makān il-ʿamal bīʾaẗin ʾinna šaiḫ al-qabīlaẗi bimaṯābaẗ il-ʾabb ul-rawḥei li- rāʾiʿaẗin likullin minnā. kulli ʾafrād il-qabīlah.

Tolerance helps make the work place a The tribe chieftain is like a godfather to all great environment for everyone. members of a tribe.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Drawing its name from its prophet Zoroaster, the Zoroastrian faith was born in Persia in just before the 6th century BC. Unique for its time in the ancient world where polytheist faiths were prevalent, Zoroastrianism is a faith with only one god, Ahura Mazda who represents the forces of goodness and light. Juxtaposed to Ahura Mazda are darkness, chaos, and evil, coalesced in the form of Angra Mainyu. They viewed the world between these two opposites and strived for truth and order over chaos and falsehood. Once one of the world's foremost religions, Zoroastrianism was the practiced religion of Iranian peoples for hundreds of years. The movement of Islam into Persia greatly reduced the number of followers, and small communities of adherents migrated to India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Australia, and North America.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #8 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : DARI US 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #9 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Ptolemy I

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 9

1. ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮس اﻷول

2.ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﺜﻘﺔ و اﻟﺤﺮاس اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻼﺳﻜﻨﺪر اﻟﻤﻘﺪوﻧﻲ. ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮس اﻷول ﺳﻮﺗﺮ ، ﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺪوﻧﻲ أﺳﺲ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ. ﺣﻴﺚ أﺳﺲ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ و اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ 305 اﻟﻰ 30 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد. آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ روﻣﺎ، وﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮس ﻗﻴﺼﺮ و ﻣﺎرك أﻧﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻤﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 30 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، ﺧﺴﺮت ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺿﺪ روﻣﺎ و ﺗﻢ ﺿﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ.

3.اﻗﺘﺤﻢ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪر اﻟﻤﻘﺪوﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ 356 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، و ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه اﺣﺘﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻧﺘﺸﺮت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻤﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﻳﻮﻧﻲ. ﻓﻲ 323 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، ﻣﺎت اﻷﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ و أﻗﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﺤﺮوب اﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ارﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻷن ﺧﻠﻔﺎؤه ( اﻟﺪﻳﺎدوﺷﻲ) ﺗﺼﺎرﻋﻮا ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ. ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ، ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻰ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة: ﻣﺼﺮ ، آﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى ، اﻟﺸﺮق و ﻣﻘﺪوﻧﻴﺎ. ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻚ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎدﺗﻪ و ﺣﻜﻤﻮا ﺑﺤﻘﻬﻢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﻦ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷدﻧﻰ، اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺎﺿﻮل ( آﺳﻴﺔ ا ﻟﺼﻐﺮى) ، اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻷﻧﺘﺠﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪوﻧﻴﺎ، وﺳﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ.

4.ﺗﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮس ﻟﻘﺐ "ﻓﺮﻋﻮن" ، وﺗﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ زوﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ و ﺗﺰوج ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ، و أﺳﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرﻳﺔ. ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺆوﻻ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد و ﺑﻨﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ و اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ. ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﻤﺔ، اﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎر اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ دﻟﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ.

ENGLISH

1. PTOLEMY I

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #9 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : PTOLEMY I 2 2. One of the trusted generals and personal bodyguards to Alexander of Macedon, Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian who established a Greek dynasty in Egypt. He established the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which ruled Upper and Lower Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC. The last of his dynasty to rule Egypt was Cleopatra VII, renowned for her famous political and personal connections with Rome, the superpower in the ancient world at the time. Cleopatra used her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to protect Egypt from Rome’s ambitions. In 30 BC, Egypt lost its fight against Rome and was absorbed into the Roman Empire.

3. Alexander of Macedon stormed onto the ancient scene in 356 BC, and by age 30 he had conquered his way to an empire that spread from the Himalayas to the Ionian Sea. In 323 BC, Alexander died in Babylon and his vast kingdom was beset by civil war for over forty years as his successors (the Diadochi) battled with one another for control. In the end, the empire was divided into four stable areas: Egypt, Asia Minor, The East, and Macedon. Four of his generals took control of the kingdoms and ruled in their own right, establishing the Seleucid Empire in the Near East, Attalid Dynasty in Anatolia (Asia Minor), the Antigonid Dynasty in Macedonia, and the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt.

4. Ptolemy adopted the title of “pharaoh,” put aside his Greek wife and married an Egyptian one, and founded the fabled Library of Alexandria. He was a keen administrator, improving the economy and building many temples and other building projects throughout Egypt. With the Ptolemies, Greek became the official language of communication for the palace and many Greek traders settled in the Nile Delta region.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender tāǧir trader noun Masculine ﺗﺎﺟﺮ tabannā To adopt Verb Masculine ﺗﺒﻨﻰ

ṣaʿb Tough noun Masculine ﺻﻌﺐ madanī Civil Adjective Masculine ﻣﺪﻧﻲ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #9 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : PTOLEMY I 3 ʾizdihār wa- إزدﻫﺎر و اﻧﻬﻴﺮ nhiyār Rise and Fall noun Masculine mustaqirrah Stable noun Feminine ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة

ʾal-kuraẗ ul- ʾarḍiyyah earth noun Feminine اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ yuʿ zā To credit Verb Masculine ﻳﻌﺰي yataʿārak To fight Verb Masculine ﻳﺘﻌﺎرك

ḥāriṯ šaḫsī Bodyguard noun Masculine ﺣﺎرس ﺷﺨﺼﻲ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﺗﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ. ﺳﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻴﺒﻴﻊ tabannā al-raǧul al-walad ul-yatīm. ﺑﻀﺎﺋﻌﻪ. sāfar ʾal-tāǧir ilā al-madīnaẗ il-muǧāwirah liyabīʿ The man adopted the orphan child. baḍāʾiʿah.

The trader traveled to the next town to sell his goods.

ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ أن ﺗﺤﺎول أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺎ. ﻣﺪﻳﺮة اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻌﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻬﺎ mudīraẗ ul-midrasaẗi ladaihā ʿamalun ṣaʿbun baina min al-ṣaʿbi ʾaḥyānan ʾan tuḥāwilu ʾan takūnu yadaihā. madaniyyan.

The school administrator has a tough job Trying to be civil is difficult sometimes. on her hands.

ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﻻﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ إزدﻫﺮت اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻚ و اﻧﻬﺎرت ﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ. ʾizdaharat ul-mamālik wa ʾinhārat fī ʾawqātin muḫtalifah. kullu šaḫṣun biḥāǧaẗin ʾilā ʿilāqātin mustaqirraẗin li- ʾibqāʾih ʿala-masār il-ṣaḥīḥ. Kingdoms have risen and fallen at various times. Everyone needs stable relationships to keep them on track.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #9 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : PTOLEMY I 4 ﻳﻌﺰى ﻟﻠﻘﺎدة ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﺑﺄن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ أي ﺷﺨﺼﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ. yaʿtaqidu baʿd ul-ḫubarāʾ biʾanna hunāk ʿilāqātun yuʿ zā lilqādaẗi ʿabr al-tārīḫi faḍlu taġyīru šakl ul- qalīlaẗun baina ʾayy šaḫṣsain fil-kuraẗ ul-ʾarḍiyyah. ʿālam.

Some experts think there are as few as Generals throughout history are credited two connections between any two people with changing the shape of the world. on earth.

اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻷﺛﺮﻳﺎء و أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﺠﺪون اﻷوﻻد ﻋﺎدة ﻳﺘﻌﺎرﻛﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ. ʾal-ʾaṭfālu ʿādatan yataʿārakūn fil madrasah. أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺎرس ﺷﺨﺼﻲ. ʾal-ʾašḫāṣ ʾal-ʾaṯriyāʾu wa ʾaṣḥāb ul-taʾṯīr yaǧidūn Boys often get into fights at school. ʾanfusahum ʾaḥyānan biḥāǧaẗin ʾilā ḥāriṯin šaḫsī.

Rich and influential people sometimes find themselves in need of a bodyguard.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

It was Macedonian tradition for a new king to bury their predecessor. This cemented their claim to the throne and acted as a ritual for transference of power. Alexander had named no clear successors, so his generals battled it out for the four decades after his death before the empire was divided into four stable kingdoms. Just after Alexander died, Ptolemy I spirited Alexander's body away during the funeral procession and took it to Memphis in Egypt. It remained there for generations and was desecrated intentionally and accidentally by famous visitors. It was closed to the public by the Roman Emperor Caracalla, and its location is now lost.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #9 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : PTOLEMY I 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #10 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Cleopatra VII

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 10

1. ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ

2.اﻷﻣﻴﺮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻠﻘﺐ، ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ. ﺗﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻴﻜﺴﺒﻴﺮ، رﻳﻤﺒﺮاﻧﺪﻳﺖ، روﺑﻴﻨﺰ و ﻋﺪد ﻻ ﻳﺤﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ إﻳﻠﻴﺰاﺑﻴﺚ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮر، ﻛﻠﻮدﻳﺖ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺮت، و ﺻﻮﻓﻴﺎ ﻟﻮرﻳﻦ. ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﻏﺮاء أﻛﺜﺮ رﺟﻠﻴﻦ ﻗﻮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ زﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﺪ ذﻛﺮاﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻏﺮاء اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺰازي. ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻢ اﺑﺘﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻓﺒﺮﻫﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻨﻜﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ.

3.اﺑﻨﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻳﻮﻟﻴﺘﻴﺲ ، ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ أﺳﺮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ. اﻟﺴﻼﺳﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ أﺑﻘﺖ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ و ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﺘﺮث أي أﺣﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢ. ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﺎت واﻟﺪﻫﺎ ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻣﻊ وﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ أﺧﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺸﺮة ﺳﻨﻮات. ﻓﻲ 48 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد، ﻗﺎم أﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺪام ﺑﻮﻣﺒﺎي اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ أﺛﺎر ﻏﻀﺐ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن، و اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ و اﺣﺘﻞ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ. ﺣﻮﻟﺖ روﻣﺎ اﻵن اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺼﺮ، وﻫﻲ ﺳﻠﺔ ﺧﺒﺰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ، و ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﻊ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻏﺮاء ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮس ﻗﻴﺼﺮ. أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺧﻠﻴﻠﺘﻪ و أﻧﺠﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ وﻟﺪ، ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﺲ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ، اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺴﺮﻳﻮن. ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺰﻳﺎرة روﻣﺎ و ﺳﺒﺒﺖ ﻓﻀﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺰوج ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ.

4.ﺑﻌﺪ اﻏﺘﻴﺎل ﻗﻴﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ 44 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد ، أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﺎرك أﻧﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ 41 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد و ﺗﺰوﺟﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ. اﻟﺨﻼف اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ و اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻧﺴﻜﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ روﻣﺎ اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ، ووﺟﺪ ﻣﺎرك أﻧﺘﻮﻧﻲ و ﻛﻠﻴﻮﺑﺘﺮا ﻧﻔﺴﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺮاع ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﺣﻜﻤﺘﺎ روﻣﺎ ﻛﺜﻼﺛﻲ ( ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻣﺎرك أﻧﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ). ﺧﺴﺮا ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ أﻛﺘﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد و اﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﻛﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ. ﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺿﻤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻻﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ، ﺣﻴﺚ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ إﻳﺠﻴﺒﺘﻮس.

ENGLISH

1. CLEOPATRA VII

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #10 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : CLEOPATRA VI I 2 2. The seventh Ptolemaic princess to carry that name, Cleopatra VII is an epic historical figure. She has been immortalized by William Shakespeare, Rembrandt, Rubens, and by countless stars including Elizabeth Taylor, Claudette Cobert, and Sophia Loren. Her seduction of the two most powerful men in the ancient world at her time has her remembered for her provocative allure. That she did it to protect her country from being swallowed by a superpower demonstrates her political savvy.

3. Daughter of the Ptolemaic pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was the only member of her family to speak Egyptian. The Greek Dynasty that ruled Egypt kept Greek as their official language and no one, until Cleopatra, had bothered to learn the language of the people they ruled over. She became queen at 18 when her father died and ruled with her 10 year old brother as her co-regent. In 48 BC, the execution of Pompey the Great by Cleopatra's estranged brother provoked the Romans, and Caesar stormed into Egypt and captured Alexandria. Rome now turned her attention to Egypt, breadbasket of the ancient world, and Cleopatra quelled the Roman advance by seducing Julius Caesar. She became his mistress and bore him a son, Ptolemy Caesar, also known as Caesarion. She even visited Rome and caused a scandal with her open affair with the already-married Caesar.

4. After the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, Cleopatra became lovers with Mark Antony in 41 BC and married him the next year. Political discord and power struggles from Rome spilled into Egypt and Mark Antony and Cleopatra found themselves battling with the two triumvirs who ruled Rome as a trio (Mark Antony being the third triumvir). They lost at the Battle of Actium in 30 BC and both committed suicide separately. Egypt was then absorbed into the Roman Empire, becoming the province of Aegyptus.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender luġah Language noun feminine ﻟﻐﺔ

ṯulāṯī Trio Adjective Masculine ﺛﻼﺛﻲ

ʾattarīḫ ul-qadīm Ancient history noun Masculine اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #10 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : CLEOPATRA VI I 3 ʾintiḥār Suicide noun Masculine إﻧﺘﺤﺎر

ġāʾim Cloudy adjective Masculine ﻏﺎﺋﻢ

ʾiġtiyāl Assassination noun Masculine إﻏﺘﻴﺎل quwwah Power noun Feminine ﻗﻮة nizāʿ Discord noun Masculine ﻧِﺰاع siyāsī Political Adjective Masculine ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ

ʾiġrāʾ Seduction noun Feminine إﻏﺮاء

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﺒﺮ إن ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎ و ﻣﺘﻌﺔ. اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ʾinna taʿalluma luġaẗun ʾuḫrā qad yakūnu taḥaddiyan wa mutʿah. laqad kāna hunāk ul-qalīla min ṯūlaṯiyāt il-ġināʾ ʿabr al-zamani. Learning another language can be challenging and fun. There have been a few famous singing trios throughout time.

اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎر ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺄﺳﺎوﻳﺔ ﻻﻧﻬﺎء اﻟﺤﻴﺎة. اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﻤﺘﻊ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ. attārīḫ ul-qadīm masārun mumtiʿ lil-dirāsah. ʾal-ʾintiḥāru ṭarīqaẗun maʾsāwiyyah liʾinhāʾ il-ḥayāh.

Ancient history is an interesting course of Committing suicide is a very tragic way to study. end life.

أن ﺗﺸﻬﺪ اﻏﺘﻴﺎﻻ ﺳﻴﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺑﺪ. اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻻ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻏﺎﺋﻤﺔ ʾan tašhad iġtiyālan sayuġayyiru ḥayātak lil ʾabad. ﺟﺪا. ʾal-nuǧumu lā taḫruǧu lailan ʿindamā takūn ul- Witnessing an assassination will change samāʾi ġāʾimaẗan ǧiddan. your life forever. The stars don't come out on nights when it's too cloudy.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #10 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : CLEOPATRA VI I 4 إن اﻷﺣﺬاب اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ داﺋﻤﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻧﺰاع. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ أن ﺗﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻰ ﻋﻘﺎر ʾinn al-ʾaḥḏāb al-siyāsiyyah dāʾiman fī niḏāʿ. ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺮاﻋﺔ. min al-mumkin ʾaḥyānan ʾan tataḥawwal ʾal- Political parties are always in discord. quwwah ʾilā ʿaqār li-ʾulāʾik allaḏīn yastaḫdimūnahā bibarāʿ ah.

Sometimes power can become like a drug to those who wield it.

إن اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻏﺮاءات. ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﻮن ﺟﺪا ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻛﻼﻣﻬﻢ ʾinn al-ḥayāẗa malīʾaẗun bil-ʾiġrāʾāt. و ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻬﻢ. baʿd ul-nāsi siyāsiyyūn ǧiddan ḥattā bi ṭarīqit Life is full of seductions. kalāmihim wa taṣarrufihim.

Some people are just too political in the way they speak and act.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Established by Ptolemy I Soter, the founder of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in the 3rd century BCE, the Ancient Library of Alexandria was the most important library in the ancient world. It held the largest repository of many of the ancient scrolls and tablets and was the first library to collect from sources outside of its kingdom. While other kingdoms had libraries with just their people's writings, Alexandria boasted scrolls from far and wide. They built their collection from attending ancient book fairs in Athens and Rhodes and by confiscating, copying, and returning books from every ship that docked in their port. World renowned scholars flocked to the library and enjoyed patronage from the royal family. There are a number of theories behind the destruction of the library, and one of them involves Julius Caesar. It has been said that he accidentally or deliberately set fire to the library when he conquered Alexandria. It has also been said that Cleopatra, seeing the flames in her beloved library, rushed into the burning building to save as many scrolls as she could. 400,000 priceless scrolls were lost forever. We have the titles of some of the scrolls from Alexandria, but no extant copies have been found.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #10 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : CLEOPATRA VI I 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #11 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Amr Diab

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 11

1. ﻋﻤﺮو دﻳﺎب

2.اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻋﻤﺮو دﻳﺎب ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ. اﻟﺒﻮب أو ﻧﻮع اﻟﺮوك ﻳﻌﺮف ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ب "ﺟﻴﻞ". ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻼت ﻋﻤﺮو دﻳﺎب ﻫﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب . ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ، ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻤﺮو دﻳﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ أرﺑﻊ ﻣﺮات ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ. ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮه اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮون ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﺳﻄﻮرة ﺣﻴﺔ. ﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻷب اﻟﺮوﺣﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻟﺤﺎن اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ و اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ.

3.ﻟﻌﺐ واﻟﺪ دﻳﺎب دورا رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﺪﺋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ. ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه 6 ﺳﻨﻮات ﻓﻘﻂ، ﻏﻨﻰ دﻳﺎب ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮرﺳﻌﻴﺪ. و ﻣﻨﺤﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺟﻴﺘﺎرا ﻟﻘﺎء ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ.

4.أﻟﺒﻮﻣﻪ اﻷول ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻳﺎﻃﺮﻳﻖ، وﺧﺮج ﻋﺎم 1983 ﻟﻴﺤﺪث ﺿﺠﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻴﻦ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎت، اﺑﺘﻜﺮ ﻋﻤﺮو دﻳﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮاي ، اﻟﻔﻼﻣﻨﻜﻮ ، و ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻮب اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺻﻮات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ. واﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ إﻃﻼق أﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺻﺨﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى أﻋﻮام، و ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1992 أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ اﻷول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ. أﻟﺒﻮﻣﻪ ﻋﺎم 1996 ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻧﻮر اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺮ اﺳﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ و أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ.

5.ﻇﻬﺮ دﻳﺎب أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻼم ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻔﺎرﻳﺖ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ. ﺷﺎرك أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ آﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﻴﻢ، اﻟﻀﺤﻚ و اﻟﻤﺮح، رﻏﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺑﺄﻓﻼم ﻣﻨﺬ 1993.

ENGLISH

1. Amr Diab

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #11 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: AMR DIAB 2 2. Egyptian musician Amr Diab is the current face of pop music in Egypt. The pop or rock genre is known as geel in Egypt. Of all Arab recording artists, Diab has sold the most records. In fact, he is a four-time recipient of the World Music Award for Best Selling Middle Eastern Artist. Many people in the Middle East consider him to be a living legend. He is also known as the Father of Mediterranean music, which blends the rhythms of Egypt with Western styles of music.

3. Diab’s father played a major role in turning him onto music starting at an early age. When he was just 6 years old, Diab performed at a festival in Port Said. The governor awarded him a guitar for his talent at that time.

4. His first studio album was called Ya Tareeq, and it came out in 1983 to a lot of fanfare. After just a handful of albums, he had created his own genre of music by mixing rai, flamenco, and Western pop music with more traditional Arabic sounds. He continued to release smash hit albums through the years, and in 1992 he became the first musician in the Arab world to begin creating music videos that were very high tech. His 1996 album Nour El Ain brought his name to the attention of the rest of the world, and he’s been a top selling artist ever since.

5. Diab has also appeared in a handful of films, including El Afareet, in which he played himself. He also starred in Ice Cream in Gleam and Laughter and Fun, although he has not made any films since 1993.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender tasǧīl Record noun Masculine ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ mihraǧān Festival noun Masculine ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن fannān artist noun masculine ﻓﻨﺎن tafarqa ʿt pop noun Feminine ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻌﺖ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #11 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: AMR DIAB 3 mūsīqā music noun feminine ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ aflam movies / films noun masculine أﻓﻼم

ġarbī Western Adjective Masculine ﻏﺮﺑﻲ maraḥ Fun noun Masculine ﻣﺮح

ḍaḥik Laughter noun Masculine ﺿﺤﻚ mazǧ To mix Verb Masculine ﻣﺰج

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ااﻟﻤﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﺨﺮاط ﻓﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺧﺘﻔﺖ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼت، رﻏﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ و اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺔ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ أﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ -ʾal-mihraǧānu yušakkilu furṣaẗan kabīraẗan fil ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ.. muǧtamaʿi wa-l-tasliyaẗi. laqad ʾiḫtafat ʾal-tasǧīlāt, raġma ḏālik yastamirr ʾal- kaṯīru min ʾal-nās fil-taʿbīri ʿan ʾalbūmāt al-musīqā A festival is a great chance to get out into mustaḫdimīn ḏālik al-muṣṭalaḥ. the community and have fun. Records have disappeared, although many people continue to refer to music albums by the term

ﻳﺤﻠﻢ أﻃﻔﺎل ﻛﺜﻴﺮون ﺑﺄن ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ. اﻟﻤﻬﺮﺟﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻮف ﻳﺬاع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز yaḥlamu ʾṭfālun kaṯīrūn biʾan yakūnū fannānīn. اﻟﻠﻠﻴﻠﺔ al-mahrǧān al-sīnimāʾī sawfa yuḏāʿ ʿalā al-tilfāz al- Being an artist is something many kids laylah dream of. The film festival will be aired on television tonight.

ﺳﺘﻔﺮﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ. اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺻﻮرة ʾlfannān yarsim ṣūraː satufarqaʿ ul-bāllūnāt fī nihāyaẗul-ʾamr.

The artist draws a picture. Balloons will eventually pop.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #11 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: AMR DIAB 4 اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ. ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ yumkin ʾan tuʿabbir al-musīqā ʿan ʿawāṭif ʾlmar'aː tastamiʿ ʿilā ʾlmusīqā. muḫtalifah. The woman listens to music. Music can express a variety of different emotions.

أﺣﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻷﻓﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ إﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ اﻷﻓﻼم ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﺔ و أﻳﻀﺎ ﻻﺻﺪار ʾḥibbu mušāhadat al-ʾflām fī al-sīnimā اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ʾistuḫdimat al-ʾflām lil-tasliyaẗi wa ʾaiḍan liʾiṣḍār il- I love watching movies at the theater. bayānāt ḥawl al-masāʾil il-ʾiǧtimāʿiyyah.

Films have been used to entertain and also make statements about social issues.

ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻘﺴﻢ وﻗﺘﻚ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺪ و اﻟﻤﺮح. ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮا ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة أوﻟﺌﻚ ﻓﻲ -yaǧibu ʾan tuqassima waqtaka bain al-ǧaddi wal اﻟﺸﺮق maraḥi. taḫtilf ul-ḥayāẗ ul-ġarbiyya kaṯīran ʿan ḥayāẗ ʾulāʾika fil-šarqi. You have to manage your time between Western life is quite a bit different from the fun and work. lives of those in the East.

ﻳﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻌﺠﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﺰج اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء. ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺬل ﺟﻬﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﻀﺤﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم. ʿala al-ǧamīʿi baḏlu ǧuhdihim lil-ḍaḥiki kulli yawm. yuṣnaʿ ul-ʿaǧīn bimazǧ il-daqīq biqalīlin min al-māʾ

Everyone should strive to experience Dough is made of mixing flour with a small laughter every day. amount of water.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Amr Diab appeared in a Pepsi commercial that has played in various markets all over the world. In addition to Diab, the commercial included singers Pink, Britney Spears, Beyonce Knowles, and Jennifer Lopez. For the American version of the commercial, Diab was replaced by Enrique Iglesias. Diab also had roles in other Pepsi commercials that featured some of his songs. Additionally, he was paired with Jennifer Lopez for a commercial in which they were singing the Troggs' "Wild Thing" together. Pepsi dropped him as a spokesperson in

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #11 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: AMR DIAB 5 2009, and a year later he was picked up by Hayat, a company which makes bottled water.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #11 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: AMR DIAB 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #12 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Fairouz

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 12

1. ﻓﻴﺮوز

2.اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺮوز اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻷﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎزاﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة. ﺣﺘﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﺮدون ﻟﻠﻘﻮل ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ أﺣﺪ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷوﻗﺎت. ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﻮن ﺷﻌﻮرا ﻛﺒﻴﺮا ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ، و وﻳﺘﻢ ﺳﻤﺎع أﻏﻨﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد.

3.إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﺳﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﺮوز، ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ "ﺟﺎرة اﻟﻘﻤﺮ" أو "اﻟﺴﻔﻴﺮة اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم". اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﻻدة ﻛﺎن ﻧﻬﺎد ودﻳﻊ ﺣﺪاد ، ووﻟﺪت ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻋﺎم 1935. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﺠﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻔﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ، رﻏﻢ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺻﻮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ.

4.ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻴﺔ، وﺟﺬب ﺻﻮﺗﻬﺎ اﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﻠﻴﻔﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪرس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ و اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻛﻮن اﺳﻢ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ. ﺗﺒﻨﻰ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺘﻬﺎ و درﺑﻬﺎ. أﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺒﻬﺎ ، ﺳﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻬﺎ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ راﺷﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ، وﺗﻨﺒﻪ ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ ﻧﻮع ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﻮت ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻜﻼ أﺳﻠﻮﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ و اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ. ﻳﻌﻮد اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﺮوﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ.

5.ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ ﻓﻴﺮوز ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻲ اﻟﺮﺣﺒﺎﻧﻲ، اﻟﺬي اﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻹذاﻋﺔ. ﺑﺪأت ﻛﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ﻓﻨﻴﺔ و ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺰواج ﻋﺎم 1955. اﻧﺠﺒﺎ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﺑﻨﺎء ، ﺣﻴﺚ أﺻﺒﺢ أﺣﺪﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺑﺪأ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺮة.

ENGLISH

1. Fairouz

2. Some consider Lebanese musician Fairouz to be the most well-known Arabic singer currently alive. Fans even go so far to say that she is one of the most well-known Arabic musicians of all time. The Lebanese derive great pride from her work, and her songs receive much airplay throughout the country.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #12 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: FAI ROUZ 2 3. In addition to her stage name Fairouz, she is also known by many fans as the “Neighbor to the Moon” or “Ambassador to the Stars.” Her birth name is Nouhad Wadi Haddad, and she was born in Lebanon in 1935. Surprisingly, she was very shy as a child, although she was already receiving attention for her incredible voice by the time she was ten years old.

4. She sang often for school shows, and her voice caught the attention of Mohammed Fleyfel, who taught at the Lebanese Conservatory and had already made a big name for himself as a musician. He took her under her wing and trained her. While he was training her, Lebanese Ration Station head Halim el Roumi had the chance to hear her voice and noted how unique it was because it lent itself well to both Eastern and Western music styles. El Roumi is credited with selecting the singer’s stage name.

5. Fairouz married Assi Rahbani, who she met while working at the radio station. It started as an artistic chemistry and moved into marriage in 1955. They had four sons, one of whom became her new composer after she split artistically with Assi shortly after he began having serious health problems.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

ṣiḥḥa Health noun Feminine ﺻﺤﺔ mulaḥḥin composer noun masculine ﻣﻠﺤﻦ

ʾimtinān Thankful noun Masculine إﻣﺘﻨﺎن tadarrub Training noun Masculine ﺗﺪرب zawāǧ Marriage noun Masculine زواج

ṣawt Voice noun Masculine ﺻﻮت

ḫaǧal Shy Adjective Masculine ﺧﺠﻞ tulhim To inspire Verb Feminine ﺗﻠﻬﻢ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #12 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: FAI ROUZ 3 waṭanī Patriot noun Masculine وﻃﻨﻲ al-kimiyāʾ chemistry noun Feminine اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻏﻴﺮوا اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻚ. ʾal-ġiḏāʾ ul-mutawāzin mufīdun li-ṣiḥḥatik. اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ. Balanced diet is good for your health. There have been many composers who changed the way we see music.

اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إن ﺑﻴﺘﻬﻮﻓﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن. ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﻟﺤﻮادث -ʾinna bithūfin min ʾašhar al-mulaḥḥinīn ʿabr al zamān. ﻣﺆذﻳﺔ. Beethoven is one of the most famous ʾal-ʿadīdu min al-nāsi yašʿurūn bil-ʾimtinān bisabab composers through time. baqāʾihim ʿalā qaid il-ḥayāh baʿd taʿarruḍihim liḥawādiṯ muʾḏiyyah.

Many people are thankful to be alive after traumatic incidents.

اﻟﺰواج ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎة ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس. اﻟﺘﺪرب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ رﺣﻠﺔ ʾal-zawāǧu yušakkilu naqlaẗan kabīraẗan fī ḥayāẗi اﺳﺘﻠﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ. muʿẓam il-nās. ʾal-tadarrub ʿala mā tuḥibb ul-qiyāama bihi ʿubāraẗun ʿan riḥlaẗun ʾistilhāmiyyah. Getting married marks a major milestone Going through training for what you love to in the lives of most people. do is an inspiring journey.

اﻟﺨﺠﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ أي ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﺼﻮت اﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﻫﺮ lā yamtalik ʾayy šaḫṣ al-ṣawt al-ġināʾei al-bāhir. اﻟﻄﻼب. ʾal-ḫaǧal yumkin ʾan yuzīdu min ṣuʿūbaẗ il-ḥayāh Not everyone has an amazing singing ʿala al-ṭullāb. voice. Being shy can make life difficult for students.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #12 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: FAI ROUZ 4 ﺣﺐ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻷﺳﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ أذﻫﺎن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺗﻠﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﻴﻦ. ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ. ʾal-musīqā tulhim ul-ʿadīda min al-ašḫaṣ lil-qiyāmi ḥubb ul-waṭan huwā al-fikrah al-asmā fī ʾaḏhān bil-ʾumūr il-ʿaẓīmah. baʿḍ al-waṭaniyīn.

Music inspires many people to do great Love of country is uppermost in the minds things. of some patriots.

ﻫﻲ ﺗﺪرس اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء. اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ hiya tudarris al-kiimiyaa'. اﻟﻄﻼب. ʾal-kimiyāʾ mawḍūʿun muṯīrun lil-ʾihtiām nil-nisbaẗi li- She teaches Chemistry. baʿd ul-ṭullābi.

Chemistry is an interesting subject for some students.

أﻧﺎ أدرس اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء 'anaa 'adrus al-kiimiyaa'

I study Chemistry.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

For her first major concert, Fairouz was paid only one Lebanese pound. The concert was part of the lineup for the Baalbeck International Festival, and she sang while the Ballet Rambert performed. After Fairouz has been popular for many years, refused to sing at a private concert for President Houari Boumedienne, the leader of Algeria. She said that her music was for the public and not just for one individual's enjoyment. Her fans loved her even more after that, and she has continued to make this same point throughout the course of her very successful career.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #12 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: FAI ROUZ 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #13 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Ilham al-Madfai

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 13

1. إﻟﻬﺎم اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻲ

2.ﻳﻌﺮف ب "ﺑﻴﺘﻴﻞ ﺑﻐﺪاد" ، ﻓﺈﻟﻬﺎم اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﻤﺰﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻴﺘﺎر و اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ دوﻟﺘﻪ اﻷم اﻟﻌﺮاق. إﻧﻪ ﻋﺎزف ﺟﻴﺘﺎر ، ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ، و ﻣﻐﻨﻲ ، ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ إﻃﻼق أﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﺎم 1999. وﻇﻬﻮره اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﺤﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﻼﺗﻴﻦ.

3.ﺑﺪأ ﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه. ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺰف اﻟﺠﻴﺘﺎر ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮه 12 ﺳﻨﺔ، و ﻛﻮن ﻋﺎم 1961 اول ﻓﺮﻗﺔ روك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق، اﻟﺘﻮﻳﺴﺘﺮز . ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ، اﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮا اﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ، ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ذﻫﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻲ اﻟﻰ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة.

4.أﺛﻨﺎء دراﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺪن، اﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻄﻮرة اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ دوﻧﻮﻓﺎن، ﺑﻮل ﻣﻜﺎرﺗﻨﻲ، و ﺟﻮرد ﻓﺎﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻐﺪاد، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ زﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺮددﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. ﻋﺎد اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮاق ﻋﺎم 1967 و ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب و اﻟﺸﺮق.

5.ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻋﺎم 1979، ﻏﺎدر اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻲ اﻟﻌﺮاق، وﻋﻠﻖ ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ وﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ. ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺮب اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻄﻮﻳﻞ، ﻋﺎد اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮاق، ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت ﻫﻨﺎك أﻣﺮﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺪم ﻣﻐﺎدرﺗﻬﺎ.

6.ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻵن ﻓﻲ اﻷردن، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت. ﻣﻨﺤﻪ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ اﻷردﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ و اﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. ﻣﺎ زال اﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ. ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 2010، أﻋﻠﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻨﺎن اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺪن.

ENGLISH

1. Ilham al-Madfai

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #13 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: I LHAM AL-MADFAI 2 2. Known as the “Baghdad Beatle,” Ilham al-Madfai is known for his blending of guitar and traditional music from his native country of Iraq. He is a guitarist, composer, and singer, and he began releasing albums in 1999. His self-titled debut actually went platinum.

3. Al-Madfai’s love for music started relatively early in life. He first started to play the guitar when he was 12 years old, and he started the first rock band in Iraq, the Twisters, in 1961. Shortly after the group formed, they moved to Kuwait for a few years, and then Al- Madfai went to study architectural engineering in the United Kingdom.

4. While studying in London, he ended up meeting musical legends Donovan, Paul McCartney, and Georgie Fame at the Baghdad Café, where he was a frequent customer. He went back to Iraq in 1967 and started to experiment with mixing different styles, especially those from both the West and the East.

5. When Saddam Hussein came into power in 1979, he left Iraq and put his successful music career on hold while he worked for construction companies in other areas around the Persian Gulf. Not long before the First Gulf War, he went back to Iraq, but authorities there ordered him not to leave the country again.

6. He now lives in Jordan, where he emigrated to in the early 90s. King Hussein made him a citizen of the country because of his incredible musical talent and his many achievements in that area. Today he is still a very well-known and loved Middle Eastern musician. In 2010 a prom in London featured him as the artist of the night.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

Noun ʿāzif al-ǧītār Guitarist (compound) Masculine ﻋﺎزف اﻟﺠﻴﺘﺎر mawhibah Talent noun Feminine ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ

ʾal-hiǧrah emigration noun Feminine اﻟﻬِﺠﺮة

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #13 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: I LHAM AL-MADFAI 3 rāʾiʿ Incredible noun Masculine راﺋﻊ

ʾiʿṣār Twister noun Masculine إﻋﺼﺎر

ḥafl taḫarruǧ Prom noun Masculine ﺣﻔﻞ ﺗﺨﺮج miʿmārī Architectural Adjective Masculine ﻣﻌﻤﺎري mihnah career noun feminine ﻣﻬﻨﺔ

ʾal-blātīn Platinum noun Masculine اﻟﺒﻼﺗﻴﻦ sulṭāt Authorities noun Feminine*Plural ﺳﻠﻄﺎت

SAMPLE SENTENCES

أﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻪ اﻟﺸﻌﺮﻳﺔ. ﻋﺎزف اﻟﺠﻴﺘﺎر ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ذا اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ʾẓhar ul-waladu mawhibaẗah fī qiṭʿaẗih il-šiʿriyyah. اﻷﻗﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ. ʿāzif ul-ǧītār huwa al-šaḫṣ ḏa-l-šaḫṣiyyah al-ʾaqwā The boy showed his talent in his piece of fil-firqaẗ il-mūsīqiyyah. poem. The guitarist is usually the one in the group who has the most personality.

ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺪرك ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ و اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﺠﺮة اﻟﻰ دوﻟﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻗﺮار ﺻﻌﺐ. ʾiḫtiyār ul-hiǧraẗi ʾilā dawlaẗin ʾuḫā qarārun ṣaʿbun. اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎ. naḥnu nudriku kulla yawm al-mazīd wal-mazīd ʿan Choosing to emigrate to another country is il-ʾumūr il-rāʾiʿaẗi fī ʿālaminā. a difficult decision. Every day we become aware of more and more incredible things in our world.

اﻟﺬﻫﺎب إاﻟﻰ ﺣﻔﻞ اﻟﺘﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﻃﻘﻮس اﻟﻌﺒﻮر ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور ﺑﺈﻋﺼﺎر أﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﺴﺎه ﻟﻄﻼب اﻟﺘﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ. أﺣﺪ. taǧrubaẗ ul-murūr bi-ʾiʿṣārin ʾamrun lā yumkinu ʾan ʾal-ḏihābu ʾilā ḥafl ul-taḫarruǧi min ṭuqūs il-ʿubūr li- yansāhu ʾaḥad. ṭullāb al-ṯānawiyyah al-ʿāmmah.

Living through a twister is something Going to the prom is a rite of passage for people never forget. high school students.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #13 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: I LHAM AL-MADFAI 4 ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﻤﺎرس ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ أي ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ. ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ yumkinuk ʾan tumāris taqrīban ʾayy mihnaẗan turīd. اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ، ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺧﺘﺮاع اﻵﻻت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ. kāna hunāk baʿd al-maʿālim al-miʿmāriyyah ʿabr al- You can have almost any career you want. tarīḫ, ḥattā qabl ʾiḫtirāʿ il-ʾālāt il-ḥadīṯah.

Throughout history there have been some incredible architectural feats, even before modern machinery.

ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻠﻮك أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﺒﻼﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺪرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. ʾal-blātīn min al-maʿādin al-ʾakṯar nudraẗin fil-ʿālam. اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. kān al-mulūk ʾaṣḥāb al-sulṭāt fil-ʿuṣūr il-qadīmah. Platinum is one of the rarest metals in the world. Kings were the ones who had authorities in the ancient times.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Ilham al-Madfai faced an uphill battle for much of his life, starting with pressure from his family to drop the idea of being a musician and pursue a career that was more befitting to someone of his wealth and influence. He brought the electric guitar and other electric instruments into the music of his country, which greatly upset traditionalists in the Middle East. Al Madfai's fans have really connected with him and the message he brought to his music along with his innovations. Many of his fans see him as a true hero, both because of how he changed Arabic music and also the way he has lived his life thus far.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #13 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: I LHAM AL-MADFAI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #14 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Magida El Roumi

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 14

1. ﻣﺎﺟﺪة اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ

2.اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺪة اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﻮت اﻷﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺪأت ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﺎزت ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻫﺐ ﺳﺘﺪﻳﻮ اﻟﻔﻦ. ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ 16 ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ، وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ أﺣﺪ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺎت. ﺗﺮﻋﺮت ﻣﺎﺟﺪة اﻟﺮوﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺰل ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻮاﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺎ ، وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ وﻗﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﺎ.

3.ﺗﻌﺮف ﻣﺎﺟﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮب و اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ، رﻏﻢ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻏﻨﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﺎﻟﺖ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ. ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻠﺪﻫﺎ اﻷم ﻟﺒﻨﺎن و أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ واﻟﺪﻫﺎ . أﻃﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ و ﻏﻨﺖ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺣﻮل ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺮأة.

4.ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻣﺎﺟﺪة ﻛﺜﻴﺮا ﺧﻼل ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ. ﺗﺄﻟﻒ أﻟﺒﻮﻣﻬﺎ اﻻول ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻮب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻳﺎم اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻴﻨﺎت. اﺗﺠﻬﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1996 ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ إدﺧﺎل اﻷوﺑﺮا و اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ. اﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة 10 ﺳﻨﻮات ﺑﻌﺪ وﻓﺎة أﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن. ﻋﻮدﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪاﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮوان ﺧﻮري ، ﻛﻠﻮد ﺷﻠﻬﻮب و ﺟﻴﻦ ﻣﺎري رﻳﺎﺷﻲ.

5.ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻏﻨﺎء اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس، ﺣﻴﺚ اﺗﺠﻬﺖ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر اﺻﻐﺮ ﺳﻨﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻨﻀﺎل ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﺮﻗﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ.

ENGLISH

1. Magida El Roumi

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #14 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MAGI DA EL ROUMI 2 2. Lebanese singer Magida El-Roumi is a soprano whose career started when she won the gold medal on the talent show Studio El Fan. She was just 16 years old at that time, and since then she has become one of the most well-known Arabic singers. Magida grew up in a very artistic household. Her father was a musician, and many important cultural figures of the Middle East spent much time at her home.

3. Magida is known for combining classical music from the West with classical music from the Middle East, although most of her early hits were actually more Oriental. Each one of her albums typically includes some patriotic numbers about her native country of Lebanon and also some songs written by her father. She has released several religious albums and also has sung on some important cultural topics, like the empowerment of women.

4. Through the course of her career, Magida’s music has varied quite a bit. Her debut album was composed of traditional Arabic pop from the 1970s, By 1996, she was heading toward classical music and also incorporating more opera and Eastern European music. She took a break from secular music for about 10 years after her sister’s death from cancer. When she did step back into the secular world, it was with artists who were newer to the music scene, like Marwan Khouri, Claude Chalhoub, and Jean-Marie Riachi.

5. Today she continues to make songs that speak to people, now turning to more of a younger audience as she continues striving to make a difference in the world.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender mūsīqī Musician noun Masculine ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ

ʿalmānī Secular Adjective Masculine ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ

ǧumhūr Audience noun Masculine ﺟﻤﻬﻮر dīnī Religious Adjective Masculine دﻳﻨﻲ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #14 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MAGI DA EL ROUMI 3 daʿm Empowerment noun Masculine دﻋﻢ murāhaqah Teenage noun Feminine ﻣﺮاﻋﻘﺔ

ʾal-saraṭān Cancer noun Masculine اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن

Masculine*Plura ābāʾ fathers noun l آﺑﺎء

ʾistirǧāʿ Relive noun Masculine اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع

ʿalmānī Secular Adjective Masculine ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ

ʾal-šarq ʾal- ʾawsaṭ Middle East phrase Masculine اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺤﺎز ﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻵﺑﺎء ﻻ ﻳﻮاﻓﻘﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺼﺒﺢ أﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ. ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﻮن ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮوﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻣﺪرة ﻟﻠﻤﺎل. muʿẓam ʾal-ʾābāʾ lā yuwāfiqūn ʿalā ʾan yuṣbiḥ ʾal-dawlaẗ ul-ʿalmāniyya hiyā tilk allatī lā tanḥāz li- ʾabnāʾhum mūsīqiyūn liʾannahum lā yaʿtabirūnahā dīn lil-tašrīʿ

furṣaẗan mudirraẗan lil-māli. A secular state is that that doesnt bias Most parents don't approve of their religion for enactment. children trying to be a musician because they don't see it as a money making opportunity.

ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﻴﺎة دﻳﻨﻴﺔ. ﻫﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺤﺮارة. hataf al-ǧumhūr lil-muġannī biḥarārah. lā yaʿīš ul-ǧamīʿ ḥayāẗan dīniyaẗan.

The audience cheered the singer warmly. Not everyone leads a religious lifestyle.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #14 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MAGI DA EL ROUMI 4 اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺟﺰء رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺎم ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ. ʾal-daʿm hāmmun lil-ǧamīʿ اﻟﻤﺮاﻫﻘﺔ. ʾal-istimāʿ ʾila al-mūsīqā ǧuzʾun raʾīsī fī ḥayāẗ il- Empowerment is important for everyone. murāhaqah.

Listening to music is a major part of teenage life.

اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺠﻠﻮن آﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ و ﻳﺤﺘﺮﻣﻮﻧﻬﻢ. اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﻣﺮاض ﺗﺮوﻳﻌﺎً. ʾalsaraṭān ʾaḥad ʾakṯar ul-ʾamrāḍ tarwīʿan. ʾal-ʿadīdu min al-nāsi yaǧillūn ʾābāʾahum wa

yaḥtarimūnahum. Cancer is one of the most terrifying diseases of all. Many people look up to and respect their fathers.

اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺤﺎز ﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻷﻟﺒﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ. اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ. ʾal-ʾalbūmāt ʾal-fūtūġrāfiyyah tusāʿidu fī ʾistirǧāʿ il- ʾal-dawlaẗ ul-ʿalmāniyya hiyā tilk allatī lā tanḥāz li- ḏikrayāt il-hāmmah min al-māḍī dīn lil-tašrīʿ

Photo albums help to relive important A secular state is that that doesnt bias memories of the past. religion for enactment.

ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ. yatimm al-taḥadduṯ bil-luġaẗ il-ʿarabiyyah fil-šarq il-ʾawsaṭ

The Arabic language is spoken in the Middle East.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Magida El Roumi has made her view on various issues very clear. Most of her songs are very patriotic in nature, and she works as an activist for world hunger. She was appointed to be an ambassador for the United Nations in 2001 for World Food Day, and she has also taken part in quite a few roundtable discussions about world hunger with the United Nations ambassadors. Additionally, she is credited with starting Agricultural Week in Lebanon. She also dedicated the Food and Agriculture Organization's book during the 60th anniversary of World Food Day in 2001.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #14 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MAGI DA EL ROUMI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #15 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Mohamed Abdel Wahab

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 6 Cultural Insight

# 15

1.ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب

2.ﻣﻄﺮب و ﻋﺎزف ﻋﻮد ﻣﺼﺮي ، ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﺎﺑﺘﻜﺎراﺗﻪ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ.

3.وﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﻋﺎم 1907، ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺰف و ﻳﻐﻨﻲ و ﻳﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ، وﻟﻜﻨﻪ اﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻼم اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

4.ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ إدﺧﺎل اﻷﻟﺤﺎن اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ و واﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷداء و اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه.

5.ﺗﻌﺮض ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ادﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻐﻤﺎت و اﻷﻟﺤﺎن اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ، ﻟﻜﻦ أﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ و اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ إﺛﺮاء اﻷدوار اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺆدﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.

6.ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ أي أﺳﻠﻮب، وﺑﺄذﻧﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺎدرا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺰج ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ و اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ و اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.

7.ﻓﻲ 1941، دﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﺎﻟﺲ ﻓﻲ أﻏﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻧﺪول و أدﺧﻞ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﺮوك و اﻟﺮول اﻟﻰ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ.

8.ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ دﻣﺞ أﻟﺤﺎن اﻟﻤﺎﻣﺒﻮ، اﻟﺮوﻣﺒﺎ، اﻟﺘﺎﻧﺠﻮ، و اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺒﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻠﺪي و ﻣﻘﺴﻮم.

9.أدﺧﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻷدوات اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻻورﻛﺴﺘﺮا اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻛﻮردﻳﻮن، اﻟﺠﻴﺘﺎر، اﻟﺒﺎس، اﻷرﻏﻦ واﻟﺴِﻨﺜﺴَﻴﺰر.

1.ﺑﺪأ ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ اﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ، ﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺑﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ آﻻف اﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎت و ﻏﻨﻰ 0 ﻣﺌﺎت اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #15 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB 2 1.ﺣﺘﻰ إﻧﻪ أﻟﻒ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ "ﻳﺎ ﺑﻼدي". 1

1.ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻸﻓﻼم اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ، ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ 2 اﻟﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء.

1.ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم، و ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ 3 ﻣﺮاد ﻓﻲ أﻓﻼﻣﻪ.

1.ﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه ﺟﺮاء أزﻣﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﻴﺔ، و ﺗﻌﺮض ﻣﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة. 4

1.ﻳﻘﻒ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻪ اﻵن ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎب ﺷﻌﻴﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ. 5

ENGLISH

1. MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB

2. An accomplished Egyptian singer and oud player, Mohamed Abdel Wahab is known for his innovations and exquisite musical compositions. Born in Caro in 1907, he not only played, sang, and composed; he also acted in a few Egyptian movies. A pioneer, he incorporated Western rhythms into Arab music and continued to perform and compose towards the end of his life when he was in his 80s.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #15 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB 3 3. Abdel Wahab was criticized for his introduction of Western beats and rhythms, but his style of blending Eastern and Western styles of music has contributed to a richer repertoire in Arab music. He shied away from no style, and with a keen ear was able to blend established and emerging music trends into Arab music. In 1941he merged the waltz into the song Al Gondol and incorporated rock and roll rhythms into Ya Albi Ya Khali for the singer Abdel Halim Hafez. Abdel Wahab easily merged mambo, rumba, tango, and samba rhythms with traditional Arab styles like the baladi and maqsoum. He also incorporated Western instruments into his orchestras like the accordion, guitar, bass, organ and synthesizer. Beginning his professional singing career at the age of 13, Mohamed Abdel Wahab composed thousands of songs and sang hundreds himself. He even composed the national anthem of the Kingdom of Libya, “Ya Beladi” (Oh My Country).

4. He worked as an actor from the silent-era of Egyptian movies, but left in the 1950s to focus on his singing career. He wrote ten songs for the Queen of Egyptian music, Umm Kulthum; and he introduced singers like Leila Mourad in his films. He died in his eighties from a heart attack, and his belongings are featured in Cairo in the Music Institute. A statue now stands in the Bab El-Sheriya Square in honor of him.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender našīd waṭanī national anthem noun masculine ﻧﺸﻴﺪ وﻃﻨﻲ yantaqid Criticize Verb Masculine ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺪ takrīm Honor Adverb Masculine ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻢ yuʾaddī To perform Verb Masculine ﻳﺄدي mazǧ To Blend Verb Masculine ﻣﺰج muḥtarif Professional Adjective Masculine ﻣﺤﺘﺮف muqaddimah Introduction noun Feminine ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #15 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB 4 ʾallaf composed verb (past tense) Masculine أﻟّﻒ mihnah career noun feminine ﻣﻬﻨﺔ rāʾid Pioneer noun Masculine راﺋﺪ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﺗﺤﺮك اﻷﻧﺎﺷﻴﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ

داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس. اﻟﺨﺎص tuḥarrik ul-ʾanāšīd ul-waṭaniyyah ʾal-mašāʿir al- Every country of the world has its own waṭaniyyah dāḫil al-nās. anthem. National anthems move the patriotic feelings inside people.

ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺘﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﻢ. ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺘﻘﺎد اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻦ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﻢ. yatimm ʾintiqād al-siyāsiyyīn dāʾiman ʿalā yatimmu takrīm ul-qalīl min al-nās bitimṯāl fī ʾaʿmālihim. ḥayātihim.

Politicians are always criticized for their Few people are honored with a statue in actions. their lifetime.

اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰج اﻻﺷﻴﺎء ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺑﺘﻜﺎر ﺟﻮدة أداء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺬﻫﻼ. ǧaudaẗu ʾadāʾi baʿḍ ul-nās qad yakūn muḏhilan. اﺷﻴﺎءٍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة al-qudrah ʿalaā maziǧi al-ʾašyaāʾi tusaāʿudunaā It is incredible how well some people can ʿalaā ʾibtikaāri ʾašīāʾin ǧadiydah perform. Being able to blend things together allows you to come up with something new.

اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﻫﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺮﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت. ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﻴﻦ. lā yamtalik ul-ǧamīʿ al-mawhibaẗ allatī taǧʿalahum ʾal-ʾaḫḏu bil-muqaddimaẗi fī ayy mawḍūʿ yumkin ʾan muṭribīn muḥtarifīn. yufīd fī taʿallum al-ʾāsasiyyāt.

Not everyone has the talent to be a Taking an introduction to any subject can professional singer. be helpful in learning the basics.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #15 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB 5 ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﻤﺎرس ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ أي ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ. أﻟﻔﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ yumkinuk ʾan tumāris taqrīban ʾayy mihnaẗan turīd. اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ. ʾullifat al-ʿadīd min al-ʾaʿmāl il-fanniyyaẗi min qibal You can have almost any career you want. muḫtalaf al-šaḫṣiyyati ʿabr al-tārīḫ.

Many works of art have been composed by various people throughout history.

ﻛﻮﻧﻚ راﺋﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ﺗﻘﻮد اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎ أو ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة. kawnuk rāʾidun yaʿnī ʾan taqūd al-ṭarīq fī ṣināʿaẗin mā ʾaw ṭarīqaẗin lilḥayah.

Being a pioneer means leading the way in some industry or way of life.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The Kingdom of Libya, for which Mohamed Abdel Wahab composed the national anthem, lasted less than twenty years, from 1951 to 1969. Libya was occupied by the Italians from 1934 to 1943. During the war, the Allied forces defeated Italian and German forces in Libya, and Great Britain and France stepped into Libya as occupiers. It wasn't until 1951 that Libya gained her independence through the United Nations and a monarchy was set up with Idris as-Senussi, the Libyan representative to the UN, as the king. He was deposed in a coup d'état in September of 1969 by Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi, and the Libyan Arab Republic was established.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #15 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED ABDEL WAHAB 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #16 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Mohamed Al-Qasabji

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 16

1. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ

2.ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ، ﻛﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﺑﻤﻬﺎرﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﺎة ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺑﺘﻜﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮد.

3.ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺲ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﻓﻲ ﻓﻦ ﻋﺰف اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻨﻴﺎت و أﻟﻒ أﻏﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮرة أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم.

4.وﻟﺪ ﻋﺎم 1892 ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة، ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ ﻋﺰف اﻟﻌﻮد ﻣﻦ واﻟﺪه.

5.اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ 19 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ.

6.ﻛﺤﺎل ﺳﻴﺪ دروﻳﺶ و ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب، أدﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻷﻟﺤﺎن و اﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ و أدﺧﻞ اﻷدوات اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻷورﻛﺴﺘﺮا اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ.

7.ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎره ﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﻮد ، ﻗﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻟﻸﻓﻼم و اﻟﻤﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎت.

8.ﻳﻌﺮف ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ ﺑﻌﺎزف اﻟﻌﻮد ﻷم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم، وﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أﻧﻪ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻌﻬﺎ و أﻟﻒ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻏﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ، ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ زﻛﻲ ﻣﺮاد و ﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻄﻲ.

9.اﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﺄم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻓﻲ 1924 ، وﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ أﻟﻒ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﺟﺎت.

1.ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ، ﺗﻐﻴﺮ أﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ و أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻔﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ 0 اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

1.اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺷﺠﻊ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮادي اﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ﺣﻴﺚ 1 ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎﻫﺎ و اﺣﺘﺮاﻣﻬﺎ.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #16 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED AL-QAS ABJI 2 1.ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔ—ﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاق أﻋﻴﻦ، ذﻛﺮﻳﺎت، ﻳﺎ ﻃﻴﻮر، و ﻳﺎ ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﺨﻴﺮ. 2

1.ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ ﻋﺎم 1966 ، وﺗﺨﻠﻴﺪا ﻟﺬﻛﺮاه ، أﺑﻘﺖ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻛﺮﺳﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺸﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح 3 أﺛﻨﺎء ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ

ENGLISH

1. Mohamed Al-Qasabji

2. Numbered in the top five of Egyptian music composers in the 20th century, Mohamed Al- Qasabji was known for his exquisite skill in creating pieces and for his oud playing. He instructed the great Mohamed Abdel Wahab in the art of playing the oud in the early 1920s and composed songs for the renowned singer, Umm Kulthum.

3. Born in 1892 in Cairo, Mohamed Al-Qasabji learned to play the oud from his father. He later moved into the music profession by the age of 19 when he began writing for other young singers. Like Sayed Darwish and his student Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Al-Qasabji also incorporated western melodies and rhythms with classical Arabic styles and included western instruments in his orchestra. Considered the master of the oud, Mohamed Al-Qasabji also composed music for movies and plays.

4. In some circles, Mohamed Al-Qasabji is primarily known as Umm Kulthum’s oud player, and while he did perform with her often and compose many of her songs, he also worked with other Egyptian greats like Zaki Mourad and Sayed Al-Safti. He met Umm Kulthum in 1924 and initially he composed national songs and monologues. Over time, his style for her changed to long poetry and these songs have become masterpieces of Egyptian music. It was Al-Qasabji who encouraged Umm Kulthum to move from singing at nightclubs to the theatre where she helped to raise the profile and respectability of her music. Some of his best loved works include—Leit lilburak a’yna, Zikrayat, Ya tuyour, and Ya sabah el kheir. Mohamed Al-Qasabji passed away in 1966 and in memoriam, Umm Kulthum continued to keep his chair on stage during her performance.

VOCABULARY

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #16 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED AL-QAS ABJI 3 Arabic Romanization English Class Gender

noun performance (compound) masculine آداء ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻲ poetry noun masculine اﻟﺸﻌﺮ writing noun feminine اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ

(instruments noun feminine (plural آﻻت rhythm noun masculine إﻳﻘﺎع monologue noun masculine ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮج mulaḥḥin composer noun masculine ﻣﻠﺤﻦ

player (of c aazif instruments) noun masculine ﻋﺎزف

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻟﻴﺲ أي ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺗﺪور اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷداء اﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﻮل .Not everyone understands poetry اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎن و اﻷﺿﻮاء Many performances are all about glitz and glam.

ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻵﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﺎرة ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪﻫﺎ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ

اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮدون اﻟﻌﺰف ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ. ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. Writing is a skill that has its uses in every industry. There are so many instruments most people can find one they like to play.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #16 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED AL-QAS ABJI 4 ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻧﻮﻟﻮﺟﺎت. ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت اﻹﻳﻘﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ، ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻐﻤﺎت .Monologues can be boring to listen to اﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﺮﺧﻴﻤﺔ Rhythms vary widely, from the average four beats in a measure, all the way to complicated syncopated styles.

إن ﺑﻴﺘﻬﻮﻓﻦ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن. ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻏﻴﺮوا -ʾinna bithūfin min ʾašhar al-mulaḥḥinīn ʿabr al اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ. zamān. There have been many composers who Beethoven is one of the most famous changed the way we see music. composers through time.

ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﺎزﻓﺎ ﻷدوات ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ Becoming a player of various instruments can be difficult.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The instrument played by the master musician Mohamed Al-Qasabji was the oud. It is commonly used in Middle Eastern and North African music and is related to the European lute. The oud however has no frets and has a smaller neck. Legend has it that the oud was invented by the sixth grandson of Adam, named Lamech. Evidence in the historical record for the oud shows that it was in use in ancient Mesopotamia over 5000 years ago. Many other ancient civilizations had their forms of the lute including the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Armenians, Persians, Jews, and Kurds.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #16 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: MOHAMED AL-QAS ABJI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #17 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Riyad Al-Sunbati

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 17

1.رﻳﺎض اﻟﺴﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ

2.اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي رﻳﺎض اﻟﺴﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻟﻤﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮد ، وﻫﻲ أﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ وﺗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ، اﻟﺸﺮق أوﺳﻄﻴﺔ و اﻟﺸﻤﺎل إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ.

3.ﻛﺎن اﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ و ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﺧﻮات أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﺎ.

4.واﻟﺪه ﻛﺎن ﻋﺎزف ﻋﻮد ذا ﺷﻬﺮة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة، ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ رﻳﺎض اﻟﻌﺰف و اﻟﻐﻨﺎء.

5.ﻛﺎن واﻟﺪه ﻳﺄﺧﺬه أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻔﻼت و ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻴﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺧﺎص.

6.ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﺮوﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﺰﻓﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮد.

7.ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺮت ﺷﻬﺮﺗﻪ، أﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ "ﻛﻨﺎري اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة".

8.اﻟﺘﻘﻰ رﻳﺎض ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرﻳﺔ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻋﺎم 1922 و ﻛﺘﺐ أﻏﻨﻴﺘﻪ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺘﺔ أﻋﻮام.

9.اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ.

1.ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ و ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ أﻏﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ، واﻟﻐﻨﺎء و اﻟﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮد. 0

1.ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1935، ﻛﺎن رﻳﺎض ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ، وﻛﺘﺐ أﺣﺪ أﺷﻬﺮ أﻏﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﺧﺬﻧﻲ 1 اﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻚ، ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ.

1.ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎه ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺰﻳﺠﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﺼﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ 2 اﻟﺰﻣﻦ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺎﻧﺠﻮ ، اﻟﺮوﻣﺒﺎ و ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺮو ﻓﺎﻟﺲ.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #17 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: RI YAD AL-S UNBATI 2 1.اﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻮد، ﻋﺰف أﻳﻀﺎ اﻷﻛﻮردﻳﻮن، اﻟﻤﺎﻧﺪوﻟﻴﻦ ، و اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻮ. 3

1.ﻳﻌﺮف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي أﺿﻔﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ 4 اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ.

1.ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺪ ذﻛﺮى أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻷﺟﻴﺎل اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ. 5

ENGLISH

1. Riyad Al-Sunbati

2. Egyptian musician Riad Al-Sunbati was known for his incredible talent on the oud, a stringed instrument similar to the lute that was traditionally used in Egyptian, Middle Eastern, and North African music. He was his parents’ first son, and he had eight older sisters.

3. His father was a very famous oud player, so he taught Riyad how to play and sing. His father often took him to concerts and later set him up with a private instructor. He was known to skip school just so he could see others play the oud. When his fame became widespread, he was called “the Canary of Mansoura.”

4. Riyad met the legendary singer Oum Kalthoum in 1922 and wrote his first song six years later. Then he moved to Cairo and became an oud instructor at a school for musicians. He went on to become the arts director at the school and began to record his own songs, singing and playing the oud.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #17 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: RI YAD AL-S UNBATI 3 5. By 1935 he was at the forefront of Egyptian music, and he wrote one of his most famous songs for the movie Take Me to Your City, My Love. His music was a combination of several styles that went along with several popular dances of the day, including the Tango, the Rumba, and the Bolero Waltz.

6. In addition to the oud, he also played accordion, mandolin, and piano. He is known in Egyptian history as bringing new life into traditional Egyptian music styles. His work will be remembered for generations to come.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender lute noun masculine ﻋﻮد sing verb masculine ﻳﻐﻨﻲ instructor noun masculine ﻣﻌﻠﻢ taste noun masculine ذوق tango noun masculine اﻟﺘﺎﻧﺠﻮ madrasah school noun feminine ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ

stringed instrument noun feminine آﻟﺔ وﺗﺮﻳﺔ accordion noun masculine أﻛﻮردﻳﻮن

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﺷﺨﺺ أن ﻳﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻴﻮم ﻳﻌﺰﻓﻮن اﻟﻌﻮد There are not too many people today who Not everyone can sing beautifully. play the lute.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #17 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: RI YAD AL-S UNBATI 4 اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻬﻢ أذواق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ، و ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻣﺮ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺻﺒﻮر ﺟﺪا ﻟﻜﻲ

اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ أﺑﺪا ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ It takes a very patient person to be a good Everyone has different tastes in music, instructor. and some don't like music at all.

اﻟﺬﻫﺎب اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺐ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل آداء اﻟﺘﺎﻧﺠﻮ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت اﻷرﺟﻞ

ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة. اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ al-ḏahābu ʾilā al-madrasah mutaṭallabun ʾasāsī Performing the Tango takes a lot of fancy lilʾaṭfal- fī al-wilāyāt al-muttaḥidah. footwork. Going to school is required of children in the United States.

اﻟﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﻮردﻳﻮن ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ اﻟﻌﻮد ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ

ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى. اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺗﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى The oud has been around much longer Playing the accordion is unlike playing than other stringed instruments. most other instruments.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The oud is similar to other stringed instruments, although it does differ in several ways. The most notable difference is the lack of frets, which are a major feature of most other stringed instruments. The lack of frets makes it possible to create the unique sounds that are common within Arabic music. Historically, the oud was believed to have been invented by Adam's sixth grandson, Lamech. According to the myth, Lamech's son died, and he hung his body in a trea. Supposedly, the inspiration for the shape of the oud was taken from the shape of the skeleton left behind.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #17 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: RI YAD AL-S UNBATI 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #18 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Sayed Darwish

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 18

1. ﺳﻴﺪ دروﻳﺶ

2.وﻟﺪ ﻋﺎم 1892 ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ، ﺳﻴﺪ دروﻳﺶ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﺎر ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ واﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أب اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ.

3.اﺑﺘﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻘﻰ اﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي "ﺑﻼدي ، ﺑﻼدي ، ﺑﻼدي".

4.ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺎب أﻟﻘﺎه اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻂ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ و اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ.

5.أﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب 260 أﻏﻨﻴﺔ و 26 ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ .

6.اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻘﻮي اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮر ﺧﻼل أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮاﺟﻬﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ.

7.ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد وﻻدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ اﻵن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ.

8.ﻗﺒﻞ ذﻟﻚ، ﺗﺄﺛﺮت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺨﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ.

9.وﺟﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﺎم 1919 ﻓﻲ ﺧﻀﻢ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻜﻼ ﻣﺼﺮ واﻟﺴﻮدان، ﻣﻨﺢ دروﻳﺶ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ و رﻏﺒﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ.

1.ﺷﻤﻠﺖ أﻏﺎﻧﻲ دروﻳﺶ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻼت ﻣﺜﻞ "اﻟﺤﻠﻮة دي" ، "أﻧﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ" ، "ﻗﻮم ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺮي"، و "ﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺎ 0 ﺳﻼﻣﺔ".

1.أدﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ و اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻰ ﻛﻼ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ و أداء اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ. 1

1.ﻣﺎت دروﻳﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة 31 ﻋﺎم 1923 ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ. 2

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #18 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: S AYED DARWI S H 2 1.ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ أزﻣﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺎت ﺗﺤﻮم ﺣﻮل ﺳﺒﺐ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺒﻴﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻋﺔ 3 اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺎﺋﻴﻦ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ.

1.ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1962، أﻋﻴﺪ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ دار أوﺑﺮا اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة اﻟﻰ "ﻣﺴﺮح ﺳﻴﺪ دروﻳﺶ" ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻤﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ 4 اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي.

1.ﻋﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻫﻤﺎل ، وﻓﻖ ﻋﺎم 2000 ﺗﻢ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪه، ﺣﻴﺚ اﻛﺘﻤﻞ 5ﻋﺎم 2004. اﻟﻤﺴﺮح اﻟﺬي ﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﺎم 1921 اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻮ اﺑﺮاز اﻟﻤﻮاﻫﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ و اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮوض اﻟﺴﻴﻤﻔﻮﻧﻴﺎت، اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ، اﻷوﺑﺮا ، اﻟﻤﻬﺮﺟﺎﻧﺎت ، واﻟﺮﻗﺺ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء ﻣﺼﺮ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ.

ENGLISH

1. Sayed Darwish

2. Born in 1892 in Alexandria, Sayed Darwish was one of the great Egyptian composers and musicians who is often referred to as the father of popular Egyptian music. He created the music for the Egyptian national anthem, “Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.” The words for the anthem were modified from a speech by the national activist and lawyer Mustafa Kamil. In his lifetime he composed close to 260 songs and 26 musicals and a strong and repetitive theme that ribbon through his work is the challenges faced by the working class in Egypt. He led the birth of what can be described as Egyptian music for the Egyptians. Prior to that, music had been largely influenced by the Ottomans and was elitist in nature. Caught up in the 1919 Egyptian Revolution against the British occupation of both Egypt and Sudan, Darwish gave voice to the common people and their desire for freedom.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #18 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: S AYED DARWI S H 3 3. Darwish’s songs include favorites like “El Hilwadi (The Beautiful One),” “Ana Haweit (I Fell in Love),” “Oum Ya Masry (Rise, You Egyptian)”, and the oft-covered “Salma Ya Salama (Salma or Peace).” He incorporated more Western instruments and techniques into both writing and performing Egyptian music. Darwish died at the young age of 31 in 1923 in Alexandria. He suffered a heart attack, but rumors abound as to the cause of the heart attack, ranging from a cocaine overdose to a poisoning.

4. In 1962, The Cairo Opera House was renamed the “Sayed Darwish Theatre” in honor of this leading Egyptian musician. Over time the building suffered from neglect, and in 2000 a project was undertaken to renovate it, which was completed in 2004. Built in 1921, the theatre was intended to showcase both Egyptian and international talent, which it continues to do today with performances from symphonies, ballets, operas, ensembles, festivals, recitals, and modern dance theatre from all over Egypt and the world.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender occupation noun feminine ﻣﻬﻨﺔ elitist noun masculine ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ

TV Series noun masculine ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ dance noun masculine اﻟﺮﻗﺺ influenced verb masculine اﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ freedom noun feminine اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ mašhūr popular adjective masculine ﻣﺸﻬﻮر našīd waṭanī national anthem noun masculine ﻧﺸﻴﺪ وﻃﻨﻲ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #18 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: S AYED DARWI S H 4 ﻛﻮﻧﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل Being an elitist just makes you seem stuck ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻬﻢ Many people define themselves by their up. occupation.

ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس أﺧﺮق ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮا ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﺺ اﻧﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﺑﺘﻜﺎر ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ They are in the middle of creating a new Some people are too clumsy to learn how TV series. to dance.

اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺪون ﻗﺘﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻚ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺬرا ﺣﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ. You must be careful about who you are Freedom is not something that comes influenced by. about without a fight.

أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺪﻋﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷي ﺷﺨﺺ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻃﻔﻼ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرا ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ. .Not everyone can be the popular kid ʾan takūna mašhūran liʿuqūdan huwa ʾamrun yumkina ʾan yaddaʿīh qillah min al-fannānīn

Being popular for decades is something a minority of artists can claim.

ﺗﺤﺮك اﻷﻧﺎﺷﻴﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Darwish's famous song "Salma Ya Salama (Salma or Peace)" was composed in 1919 for a play, with lyrics composed by the poet Badi' Khairi. A song steeped in evocative national identity, "Salma Ya Salma" has been sung in its native Egyptian Arabic, French, Italian,

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #18 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: S AYED DARWI S H 5 German, and Spanish. It has been performed by a whole host of international singers, including Chantal Chamandy, Krum, Jean Michel Jarre, Alabina, Miro, and Ziynet Sali. It has also been featured on the soundtrack of the French film, Pédale douce, released in 1996 and starring Patrick Timsit, Fanny Ardent, Richard Berry, Michèle Laroque and Jacques Gamblin.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #18 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: S AYED DARWI S H 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #19 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Umm Kulthum

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 19

1. أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم

2.ﻣﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻼ ﻧﺰاع ، أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم اﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔ و اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺒﺔ ﻛﺄﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ و أﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﻤﻴﺰا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ.

3.ﻏﻨﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮك و اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎدت ﺗﻬﻤﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻜﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ، اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس.

4.أﺳﻠﻮﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ و ﻣﺪة اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻣﻴﺰﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻬﺎ، و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻧﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻨﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ.

5.ﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﺪر إﻟﻬﺎم ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ و زﻣﻼؤﻫﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ، وﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻔﺰت اﻳﻀﺎ ﺧﺎرج ﺣﺪود ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ وﺣﻈﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ.

6.وﻟﺪت ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ دﻟﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ.

7.ﺑﺪأت أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻣﺘﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﻛﺼﺒﻲ.

8.واﻟﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن إﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺗﻼوة اﻟﻘﺮآن، و ﻓﻲ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﻨﺎء ﻣﺮﺗﺪﻳﺔ زي ﺻﺒﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ.

9.ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ، اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎران اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺮان زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ و أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﻼ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ.

1.ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﺐ ﻟﺪﻋﻮﺗﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات و ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ. 0

1.ﻋﻈﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺒﻮا ﻷم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺑﺠﻲ، اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎم 1ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اورﻛﺴﺘﺮا ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻷﺟﻠﻬﺎ و ﺧﺪم ﻛﻌﺎزف اﻟﻌﻮد اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺎ.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #19 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: UMM KULTHUM 2 1.أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﻮت اﻷول اﻟﺬي ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻪ ﻋﺎم 1934 ، 2 وأداﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺪوم ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت.

1.ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎدة اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻟﺴﻄﻮر ﺑﻨﻐﻤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﺪو أي ﺳﻄﺮ ﺗﻐﻨﻴﻪ 3 ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ أﺑﺪا.

1.ﻣﺰاﺟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﺠﺎل و أﻏﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪوم ﻣﻦ 45 دﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ. 4

1.ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﺪم ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ أول ﺧﻤﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﻏﻨﺎؤﻫﺎ، و ﺷﻮارع اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ 5اﻟﻤﺪن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻬﻔﻮن داﺧﻼ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ.

1.ﻣﺎﺗﺖ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﻋﺎم 1975 ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪات أﺻﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ. 6

1.ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ 4 ﻣﻼﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺎزﺗﻬﺎ. 7

ENGLISH

1. Umm Kulthum

2. The undisputed and absolute queen of Egyptian music, Umm Kulthum was loved and heralded as the greatest and most distinguished Arab singer in the 20th century. She performed for kings and diplomats but led the charge in bringing music from the elitist parlors of Egypt to the open spaces full of common people. Her unique style and duration of singing sets her apart easily from her contemporaries, and she was only one of five women in the world who could sing all of the scales in Arabic music. She inspired not only her countrymen and fellow artists, but also reached out past national boundaries and had admirers and fans around the world.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #19 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: UMM KULTHUM 3 3. Born in the late 19th or early 20th century in the Nile Delta region of Egypt, Umm Kulthum began her singing career disguised as a boy. Her father, an imam, taught her to recite the Qur’an, and at the age of 12 he took her to perform, dressed as a boy, with a small troupe that he directed. At 16 Umm Kulthum was discovered by the famous musician Zakariyya Ahmad and Abol-Ela Mohamed. She didn’t respond to their invitations to sing in Cairo until three years later, at the age of 19. The musical greats of 20th century Egypt all wrote for Umm Kulthum, including Mohamed El-Qasabji, who assembled a small orchestra for her and served as her oud player.

4. Umm Kulthum was the first voice who sang on Egypt radio when it was inaugurated in 1934 and her live performances were electric, lasting hours. She had the distinct habit of repeating lines with different intonations so that every line she sang never sounded the same. Her mood dictated her improvisations and her songs onstage could easily last anywhere from 45 minutes to an hour. She gave a monthly concert on the first Thursday of each month during her performance season, and the streets in many cities would be ghost towns as avid listeners rushed indoors to turn on their radios. Umm Kulthum passed away in Cairo in 1975 due to complications with nephritis; over 4 million ardent fans attended her funeral.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender countrymen noun masculine أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﻃﻦ diplomat noun masculine دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ

masculine (voices noun (plural أﺻﻮات orchestra noun feminine أورﻛﺴﺘﺮا

masculine (geniuses noun (plural ﻋﺒﺎﻗﺮة radio noun feminine اﻹذاﻋﺔ

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #19 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: UMM KULTHUM 4 nisaa' women noun feminine ﻧﺴﺎء al-ʿalam the world noun masculine اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻟﺪﻳﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮن ﻳﺨﺪﻣﻮن أوﻃﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻓﺨﺮ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮوﻳﻴﻦ Most people feel some connection with Diplomats serve their countries with pride. their countrymen.

اﻟﻌﺰف ﻓﻲ اﻷورﻛﺴﺘﺮا ﻫﻮ ﻧﺸﺎط ﻻﻣﻨﻬﺠﻲ راﺋﻊ ﺳﻤﺎع اﻷﺻﻮات ﻫﻮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻫﻘﻴﻦ. .Hearing voices is a sign of insanity Playing in the orchestra is a great extracurricular activity for teens.

ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﺑﺄن اﻹذاﻋﺔ ﺳﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻫﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﻗﺮة ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺤﻖ Few people are true musical geniuses. Some experts think the radio will disappear altogether.

اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء. ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻳﻘﻤﻦ ﺑﻮزن أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان al-ǧamalu ṣifaẗu alnisāʾ. ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ. baʿḍu al-nisāʾi yaqumna biwazni ʾanfusihinna ʿalā Beauty is meant for women. al-mīzān yawmiyyan.

Some women weigh themselves on the scales every day.

ﺳﻮف أﻗﻮم ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﺪو أﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻐﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮم. al-ʿal-am yabdū ʾannahu yaṣġuru yawman baʿda saūfa ʾaqūmu biriḥlaẗin ḥawla al-ʿalam.

yawm. I will go on a trip around the world. The world seems like it is getting smaller each day.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #19 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: UMM KULTHUM 5 Umm Kulthum was banned from performing on Egyptian radio for a period after the Second Egyptian Revolution in 1952. The first revolution was against the British colonial occupation of Egypt and the monarchy of King Farouk was established. In 1952 Farouk was deposed and replaced first by President Muhammad Naguib and then President Gamel Abdel Nasser. The Musicians' Guild of Egypt rejected Umm Kulthum as a member because she had performed for the deposed king and she was unable to sing on the radio as a result. A great fan of hers, when Nasser found out that her songs were banned from being aired he was shocked. His influence helped Umm Kulthum to return to the airwaves and reach out to her beleaguered fans.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #19 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: UMM KULTHUM 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #20 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Zakariyya Ahmad

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 20

1. زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ

2.وﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ أب ﻣﺼﺮي و أم ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﻋﺎم 1896 ، ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ أﺣﺪ ﻧﺠﻮم اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

3.اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻛﻤﺆﻟﻒ ، ﻳﻌﺮف أﺣﻤﺪ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎه.

4.وﻟﺪ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﻲ 1896 ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺤﺐ واﻟﺪه ﻟﻸﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ، اﻧﻀﻢ اﻟﻰ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺻﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺳﻜﺮ و ﺷﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻤﻮد.

5.اﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ دﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻏﻨﺎء اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺮﺳﺔ ﷲ.

6.أﺣﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﺪارس أداء اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد، ﺣﻴﺚ أﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ دراﺳﺔ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ وﻏﻨﺎؤه.

7.ﻧﺠﺢ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ، ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ درس ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷزﻫﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﻘﺔ، ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ

8.اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷداء اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ 1919 و 1922، و ﺧﻼل ﻣﻬﻨﺘﻪ أﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ، ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻷﻓﻼم، اﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺎت ﻟﻜﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ أم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم.

9.ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻬﺎ 60 أﻏﻨﻴﺔ وﺑﺪأ ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ ﻋﺎم

1925.1. ﻋﻤﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ و اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﻴﺮم اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ. 0

1.ﺗﻢ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺷﻌﺎره. 1

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #20 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: ZAKARI YYA AHMAD 2 1.أﻗﺎم أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ و ﺗﻮﻧﺲ، ورﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﺎم 1919، 2 ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺪه ﺣﺘﻰ 1938.

1.ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺎد اﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ أﺣﻤﺪ 3

1.. ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1961. 4

ENGLISH

1. Zakariyya Ahmad

2. Born to an Egyptian father and Turkish mother in Cairo in 1896, Zakarriya Ahmad is considered one of the luminaries of Egyptian music. Famed as a composer, Ahmad was known for his use of traditional Egyptian folk styles in his music.

3. Zakariyya Ahmad was born in 1896 in Egypt and influenced by his father's love for Arab songs; he joined the hymn troupes of Ismail Sukkar and Sheikh Ali Mahmoud. The hymn troupes were religious in nature in that they sang songs of devotion to God. One of the great schools of hymn performance was that of Sheikh Ali Mahmoud, under whom Zakariyya Ahmad studied and performed. This worked well for Ahmad, as prior to joining the troupes he had studied at the prestigious Al-Azhar University, mastering in the recitation of the Muslim holy text, the Qur'an.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #20 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: ZAKARI YYA AHMAD 3 4. He moved from hymnal performance to musical composition somewhere between 1919 and 1922, and in his career he composed a variety of pieces, from theatre to film soundtracks, to pieces for great singers like Umm Kulthum. He wrote 60 songs just for her, and their professional collaboration began in 1925. He also worked with the master and nationalistic poet, Mahmud Bayram el-Tunsi. El-Tunsi was exiled from Egypt during British colonial rule because of the nationalistic rhetoric evident in his poetry. During his exile he lived in France and Tunisia, and although the First Egyptian Revolution happened in 1919, he didn't return to the country of his birth until 1938. It was when he returned to Egypt that he began a working relationship with Zakariyya Ahmad. He passed away in 1961.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender troupe noun feminine ﻓﺮﻗﺔ

masculine (hymns noun (plural ﺗﺮاﺗﻴﻞ folk noun masculine ﻓﻠﻜﻠﻮر devotion noun feminine ﻋﺒﺎدة soundtrack noun masculine ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ variety noun feminine ﻣﻨﻮﻋﺎت exile verb masculine ﻧﻔﻲ ab father noun masculine' أب

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #20 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: ZAKARI YYA AHMAD 4 ﻳﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺘﺮاﺗﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﺮق اﻟﻜﺸﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﻴﺎت ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ راﺋﻌﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ

ﻟﻠﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺎت Girl Scout troupes are a great way for girls Many people love the traditional hymns of to make friends. the church.

ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات ﻫﻲ أﻣﺮ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻳﻨﻮن ﻳﺒﺪو أن ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻧﺪﺛﺎر ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ Folk music seems to be dying out in popularity. Reading devotions is something religious people do every day.

إن اﻟﻤﻨﻮﻋﺎت ﻫﻲ ﻧﻜﻬﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ راﺋﻊ Not every film has an incredible Variety is the spice of life according to soundtrack to go with it. some people.

ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ أن ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮا اﺣﺘﺮام أﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ أﻳﺎﻣﻨﺎ

آﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻫﺬه You don't hear much about people living Some people can't learn to respect their in exile today. fathers.

اﻷب ﻳﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ʾlʾbb yaʿūd ʾilā ʾlmanzil

The father returns home.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The university attended by Zakariyya Ahmad, Al-Azhar has been marked as the second oldest surviving degree granting university in the world. Founded around 970 during the Fatimid Dynasty of Egypt, it began as a Muslim religious school and has become the main global centre of Islamic Learning and Arabic Literature. It included non-religious subjects in its curriculum in 1961 and has a world-renowned library. A project began in 2005 to preserve, catalogue, and publish the Al-Azhar scripts online. The Jewish philosopher Maimonides presented lectures at the University during the time of Saladin. The university has spread and

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #20 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: ZAKARI YYA AHMAD 5 has set up two additional campuses, one in Doha, Qatar and the other in Gaza, Palestine.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #20 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MUSI CI ANS: ZAKARI YYA AHMAD 6 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #21 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Al-Ard (The Land)

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 21

1. اﻷرض

2.ﻣﻦ إﺧﺮاج ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ، ﺗﻢ إﻃﻼق ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻷرض ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1969 و ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ.

3.ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﺎوي اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺮت ﻓﻲ 1954.

4.ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺒﺮز ﻣﻮاﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﻤﺪي أﺣﻤﺪ، ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ، ﻋﺰت اﻟﻌﻼﻳﻠﻲ ، ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ

5.اﻟﺪﻳﻜﻦ ، ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﻴﻠﻴﺠﻲ، ﺻﻼح اﻟﺴﻌﺪﻧﻲ ، ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ، و ﻧﺠﻮى اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ.

6.أﻳﺎم اﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أوﻗﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ و ﻓﺤﺺ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر و اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ و اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻧﻌﻜﺎس ﻟﺬﻟﻚ. اﻷرض ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻹﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻷراﺿﻲ و اﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﻦ.

7.وﻳﻌﺮض أﻳﺎم اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻨﻴﺎت ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻹﺣﺒﺎط اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ و اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.

8.اﻟﻘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺠﻮﻫﺮي ، وﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻋﺎم 1970 ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ.

9.اﻟﻤﺨﺮج ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ، ﻛﺎن ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺎ.

1.رﻏﻢ أن ﻛﻼ واﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻧﻲ، إﻻ أن ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ وﻟﺪ و ﺗﺮﻋﺮع ﻻﺣﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ. 0

1.ﻛﺎن ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد و ﻫﺰﻳﻤﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ، أو ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻣﺮأة 1 ﻣﻨﻬﺎرة ﻛﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #21 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-ARD (THE LAND) 2 1.ﺻﻨﻊ أﻳﻀﺎ أﻓﻼﻣﺎ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻮاﺿﻴﻊ اﻟﺸﺬوذ و ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ ، و أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﺨﻼف. 2

1.ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺨﺮج اﻟﺬي أﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ. 3

1.ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة إﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎم 1997. 4

1.""اﻷرض"" ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻠﻤﻪ اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ و ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺮاج أرﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ. 5

1.ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 2008 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻧﺰﻳﻒ دﻣﺎﻏﻲ." 6

ENGLISH

1. Al-Ard (The Land)

2. Directed by Youssef Shahine, Al-Ard was released in 1969 and is considered a great Egyptian classic. It was based on a novel written by Abdel Rahman al-Sharqawi which was published in 1954. It featured the talents of Hamdy Ahmed, Yehia Chahine, Ezzat El Alaili, Tewfik El Dekn, Mahmoud El-Meliguy, Salah El-Saadany, Ali El Scherif, and Nagwa Ibrahim. The 1960s were a time of change and introspection for Egypt and her cinema reflects that. Al-Ard is a social commentary on the relationships in feudal Egypt between landlords and peasants. Set in the 1930s, it also incorporates the frustrations of common Egyptians in dealing with the Royal House of Egypt and the English colonial authorities. The oppression experienced by workers is a central theme, and this film was nominated in the 1970 Cannes Film Festival.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #21 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-ARD (THE LAND) 3 3. The director, Youssef Shahine, was a quintessential Egyptian director. Although both his parents were of Lebanese origin, Shahine was born and later raised in Egypt. He was a director who would take on controversial topics such as corruption and Egyptian military defeat, or the portrayal of a 'fallen' woman as a sympathetic character. He also made films with gay and bisexual themes and his own sexuality has been disputed. He was the director responsible for launching the career of internationally-known Omar Sharif.

4. He received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Cannes Film Festival in 1997. Al-Ard was his twenty third film and he went on to direct over forty films. He passed away in 2008 from a cerebral hemorrhage.

VOCABULARY

Arabic English common ﻋﺎﻣﺔ oppression اﻹﺿﻄﻬﺎد hemorrhage ﻧﺰﻳﻒ اﻟﺪم achievements إﻧﺠﺎزات frustration إﺣﺒﺎط corruption ﻓﺴﺎد commentary ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ incorporate دﻣﺞ

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #21 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-ARD (THE LAND) 4 اﻹﺿﻄﻬﺎد ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول ﺣﻮل ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ "ﻋﺎﻣﺔ

اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. اﻟﻨﺎس" Most people don't want to be considered Oppression still exists in countries around as "common." the globe.

أن ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻳﻒ اﻟﺪم

اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺳﻴﻘﻮدك إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﻴﺎع. ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻔﻘﺪوﻧﻬﺎ. Many people do not survive a hemorrhage Living off your past achievements will get because of how much blood they loose. you nowhere in life.

اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻳﺘﻔﺸﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ. اﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻹﺣﺒﺎﻃﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن .Corruption runs rampant in politics ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن Living through frustrations is more than some people can bear.

اﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ دﻣﺞ اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﺎة دوران اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ رأﺳﻚ ﺳﻴﻮرﻃﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ. ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎ. Sometimes having a running commentary in your head will get you in trouble. Being able to incorporate various activities into life can be challenging.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Egypt has suffered from countless conquering nations that have wanted to take advantage of its strategic location and its natural resources. From the ancient Romans who depended on Egypt as the ancient world's bread basket, to the English who colonized it in the 20th century. The last monarchy in Egypt ended in 1965, after which Egypt became a republic. Overthrown in the Egyptian Revolution in 1952, King Farouk was of Egyptian, Albanian, and Turkish descent. He was despised for his exorbitant lifestyle and greed. His Egyptian citizenship was revoked and his friendship with Prince Ranier of Monaco enabled him to gain Monagasque citizenship.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #21 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-ARD (THE LAND) 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #22 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Al- Haraam

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 22

1. اﻟﺤﺮام

2.ﻣﻦ إﺧﺮاج ﻫﻴﻨﺮي ﺑﺮﻛﺎت ، اﻟﺤﺮام ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﺼﺮي دراﻣﻲ أﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻲ 1965.

3.اﻗﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ادرﻳﺲ و ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﺑﺮي اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ.

4.ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎره ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺼﺮي ، ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﺮام ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﻮاء اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻘﺔ و اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ.

5.ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ و اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺔ ، زﻛﻲ رﺳﺘﻢ و ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﻏﻴﺚ.

6.ﺗﻘﻮم ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺪور اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮة ﻋﺰﻳﺰة.

7.ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺮض زوﺟﻬﺎ، ﻓﺎن ﻋﺰﻳﺰة ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ زراﻋﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺎ ﻹﻋﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺮة.

8.ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﻮم و اﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎب ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺎرس و ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﻠﻬﺎ.

9.ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻲ أﺳﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻠﻊ ، ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﺰﻳﺰة ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺔ و ﺗﺨﻔﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﻤﻠﻬﺎ.

1.ﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮدﻫﺎ، ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺨﻨﻘﻪ و ﺗﻤﻮت ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﻴﺮة. 0

1.ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻤﻮﺗﻬﺎ رﻣﺰا ﻟﻠﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﻤﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل و اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ. 1

1.اﻟﻤﻠﺼﻖ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﺤﺮام ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻇﻼل رﺟﻞ ﻣﺨﻴﻒ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻴﺾ و اﻷﺳﻮد ﻳﻘﻒ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻣﺮأة 2 ﺟﻤﻴﻠﺔ ذات ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮات وﺟﻬﻴﺔ ﺣﺰﻳﻨﺔ.

1.اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮان و ﺗﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺰﻫﻮر ﺑﺸﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺎج. 3

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #22 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-HARAAM 2 1.ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺔ ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﺎد و اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮن ﻧﺠﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ، ﻫﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ 4اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻴﻦ و ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺨﺎذ اﻷدوار اﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﺠﺪل.

1.ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن زوﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ. 5

1.ﻋﻤﻼ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪة أﻓﻼم ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ (أرض اﻟﺴﻼم، ﺳﻴﺪة اﻟﻘﺼﺮ ، ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﺤﺐ، ﻻ أﻧﺎم، وأﻳﺎﻣﻨﺎ 6 اﻟﺤﻠﻮة).

ENGLISH

1. Al-Haraam

2. Directed by Henry Barakat, Al Haram is a dramatic Egyptian film released in 1965. It was based on a novel by the author Yusuf Idris and was nominated at the Cannes Film Festival that year for the Prix International award. Considered an Egyptian classic, Al Haram takes a look at social miasmas and mores. Starring Faten Hamama, Zaki Rostom, and Abdallah Gheith, the film is poignant and moving.

3. Faten Hamama plays a poor peasant woman Azizah. With an ill husband, Azizah is responsible for harvesting potatoes for the family. In the field she is attacked and raped by a guard and ends up pregnant. Protecting her family from the horror, Azizah keeps quiet and hides the pregnancy. When the baby is born, she strangles it and dies shortly after her child. In her death she becomes a symbol for the oppressed workers in the fields and the conditions they have been subjected to.

4. The original movie poster for Al-Haram featured a shadowy menacing man sketched in black and white behind a beautiful woman wearing a grave expression. The woman is depicted in color, and flowers encircle her hair in a crown.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #22 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-HARAAM 3 5. Considered the Egyptian Star of the Century by Egyptian writers and critics; Faten Hamama is a much-admired actress and producer who is known for taking on controversial roles. She was married to well-known actor Omar Sharif who was her second husband. They made a number of popular films together including Ardh Al- Salam (Land of Peace), Sayyidat Al-Qasr (Lady of the Palace), Nahr Al-Hob (The River of Love), La Anam (Sleepless) and Ayyamna Al-Holwa (Our Sweet Days).

VOCABULARY

Arabic English Class Gender have a child verb masculine إﻧﺠﺎب ﻃﻔﻞ shadowy adjective feminine ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ controversial adjective masculine ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل horror films noun masculine أﻓﻼم اﻟﺮﻋﺐ grave noun masculine ﻗﺒﺮ expression noun masculine ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ classic adjective masculine ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪي conditions noun masculine ﺷﺮوط

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻣﺨﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻟﻤﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس. إﻧﺠﺎب ﻃﻔﻞ ﻫﻮ رﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻷي زوﺟﻴﻦ. Having a child is an exciting journey for Shadowy images are quite frightening for any couple. most people.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #22 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-HARAAM 4 أﻓﻼم اﻟﻌﺮب ﻫﻲ أﺳﺎس أﻓﻼم ﻣﻮاﺳﻢ ﻫﺎﻟﻮوﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ أي ﺗﺼﺮف ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﻴﺮا Horror films are a staple of the Halloween ﻟﻠﺠﺪل. Almost any political action can be season. controversial.

ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ وﺟﻬﻚ أن ﺗﻘﻮل ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺰﻳﺎرة ﻟﻘﺒﻮر أﺣﺒﺎﻫﻢ ﻛﻄﺮﻳﺔ

ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت. ﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ أﻳﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺎ. Some people visit the graves of loved An expression can tell what you are ones as a way to remember their time thinking in ways words cannot. together.

ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﺎدة ﺷﺮوط ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﺮأ ﻋﺎدة ﻃﻼب اﻟﻤﺪارس اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ

ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ. دروس اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ. School children often read classic books Often there are several conditions that in their English classes. must be adhered to in certain cases.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Yusuf Idris was a famous Egyptian writer known for his novels, short stories and plays. He nominated for multiple Nobel Prizes for Literature, which he unfortunately did not win. He was also a journalist and considered a literary equal of Nobel Prize winner Naghib Mahfouz. The most famous of Idris' short story collection is Arkhas Layali (Cheapest Nights). His works have been translated into 24 languages and admired world-wide. His plays include Towards an Arabic Dream, The Critical Moment, The Third Sex, and Earthly Comedy. His novels and novellas include The Sin, The Disgrace, Farhat's Republic, and Men and Bulls.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #22 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-HARAAM 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #23 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Al- Mummia (The Night of Counting the Years or the Mummy)

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 23

1. اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء

2.ﺗﻢ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﺘﻄﻮري، اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء ، ﻋﺎم 1969 و ﻣﺎزال ﻳﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﺎد اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻓﻼم اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق.

3.اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ إﺧﺮاج ﺷﺎدي ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ، و ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ أﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﻋﻲ، أﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺠﺎزي، زو زو ﺣﻤﺪي اﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ، و ﻧﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻄﻔﻲ.

4.اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻷﺣﻮال أﻳﺎم 1881 ، ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﺼﺮ ، وﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺔ واﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺸﻴﺮة ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل.

5.ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﺸﻴﺮة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎﺋﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺮ ﻗﺮب ﻗﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﺔ و ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ.

6.ﻋﺸﻴﺮة ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺣﻮرﺑﺎت، اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﻨﻬﺐ اﻟﻘﺒﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي.

7.ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺸﻮب ﻧﺰاع ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺸﻴﺮة، ﻳﺬﻫﺐ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت و ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ داﺋﺮة اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎﺋﺎت.

8.ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ أن اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة، ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻗﻮي ﻣﻔﻌﻢ ذا رﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ.

9.اﻟﺤﻮار اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ و ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎه اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ، إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻟﻘﻄﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮا اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺤﻠﻢ ، ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺛﻴﺮي ﻟﻠﻔﻴﻠﻢ.

1.ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ، ﻳﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺐ و 0 اﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎب و اﻟﻐﺰو.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #23 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-MUMMIA (THE NIGHT OF COUNTI NG THE YEARS OR THE 2 MUMMY) 1.اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ و اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ و اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻮاﻃﺆ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ 1ﺟﺰئ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

1.ﺗﻢ إﻃﻼق ﻓﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻨﻴﺎت ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻴﻪ 2ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم 2009 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺎرﺗﻦ ﺳﻜﻮرﺳﻴﺰي ﺑﺈﺻﻼﺣﻪ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻮزارة اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

ENGLISH

1. Al-Mummia (The Night of Counting the Years or the Mummy)

2. A seminal Egyptian film, Al-Mummia was released in Egypt in 1969 and it is still credited by Egyptian critics as one of the best ever Egyptian films. Directed by Shadi Abdel Salam, the movie stars Ahmed Marei, Ahmad Hegazi, Zouzou Hamdy El-Hakim, and Nadia Lufti.

3. Set in 1881, during British rule in Egypt, Al-Mummia is based on the real-life story of the clan of Abd el-Rasuls. This clan was responsible for the theft and illegal sales of mummies discovered in a tomb by the village of Kurna. The Abd el-Rasuls clan is actually based on the exploits of the Horbat tribe, who were looting tombs at Deir al- Bahari. Eventually, fighting against the clan, one member goes to the authorities and aids the Antiquities department of the government in finding the mummies.

4. While this film may seem like a straightforward heroic piece, it is a strong movie replete with important symbolism for Egyptians. The entire dialogue of the movie takes place in classical Arabic and the eerie music and dreamlike camera shots contribute to the ethereal quality of the movie. For Egyptians, Al-Mummia explores the search for an Egyptian identity that has been usurped, conquered, and colonized. The rural and urban conflicts and the probe into collusion with foreigners and colonizers are part of the queries about Egyptian identity.

CONT'D OVER

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #23 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-MUMMIA (THE NIGHT OF COUNTI NG THE YEARS OR THE 3 MUMMY) 5. Released in the early 70s to international audiences, Al-Mummia has been largely inaccessible until the 2009 restoration of the film by Martin Scorsese's World Cinema Foundation with the support of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender international adjective feminine ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ

department store noun masculine ﻣﺘﺠﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ heroic adjective masculine ﺑﻄﻮﻟﻲ mummy noun feminine ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎء hkoomah government noun feminine ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ straightforward noun masculine ﺻﺮﻳﺢ

masculine (foreigners noun (plural أﺟﺎﻧﺐ aflam movies / films noun masculine أﻓﻼم

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻟﺬﻫﺎب اﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺠﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪول ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﻮة

اﻷوﻗﺎت ﻣﺆﺷﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﺮوة. رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ. Taking a country international is a major Going to the department store was once step. an indication of being wealthy.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #23 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-MUMMIA (THE NIGHT OF COUNTI NG THE YEARS OR THE 4 MUMMY) رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎء ﻫﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺎدرة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻳﺎم. اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻒ Heroic acts are few and far between these days. Seeing a mummy is one of the most memorable experiences some children have at museums.

اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪى ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺪودﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن. al hkoomah fi baladi kawiah The government sometimes oversteps its bounds. The government in my country is strong.

ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول ﻻ ﺗﺤﺐ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ، ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻧﻬﻢ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻞّ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ أن ﺗﻜﻮن

دول أﺧﺮى ﺑﺼﺪر رﺣﺐ. ﺻﺮﻳﺤﺎً Sometimes being straightforward is the Some countries do not like foreigners, only answer to a problem. while others embrace them readily.

Films have been used to entertain and also make statements about social issues.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

While today mummies are prized for the historical knowledge that they provide us with, during the Victorian era, mummies were used and abused by a mesmerized English public. Mummy unwrapping parties were held, were guests would avidly watch thousands of year old human remains be slowly unwrapped from their bindings and exposed for the titillated guests. The desecrated body was then tossed out with the garbage. Even less fortunate mummies became paper products or burned as railroad fuel in the United States. There were even medicines that called for the use of ground up mummy matter as an active ingredient.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #23 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : AL-MUMMIA (THE NIGHT OF COUNTI NG THE YEARS OR THE 5 MUMMY) LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #24 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Bab El- Hadid (The Iron Gate)

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 24

1. ﺑﺎب اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ

2.ﻣﻦ إﺧﺮاج اﻟﻤﺨﺮج اﻟﻼﻣﻊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ، ﺑﺎب اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺤﻔﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

3.ﻣﻨﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻤﺪة 12 ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﺞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺰازي و اﻟﻤﺤﺮم ﻟﻠﻬﻮس اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ.

4.ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ، واﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﺎم 1958 ، ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺮج ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻫﻨﺪ رﺳﺘﻢ و ﻓﺎرس ﺷﻮﻗﻲ.

5.ﺗﺠﺮي أﺣﺪاث اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﺧﻼل ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ دور ﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ اﻷﻃﻮار و اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺞ ﻗﻨﺎوي.

6.ﺗﻘﻮم رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﺪور ﺣﻨﻮﻣﺔ ، وﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوﺑﺎت ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﻳﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة ﻣﻦ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ.

7.ﺣﻨﻮﻣﺔ ذات ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺟﺬاﺑﺔ ﻓﺘﻠﻔﺖ اﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻗﻨﺎوي ذا اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺻﺪﺗﻴﻦ.

8.ﺗﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺷﻮﻗﻲ، أﺑﻮ ﺻﺮب، وﺟﻬﻮده ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﺎر.

9.أﺑﻮ ﺻﺮب ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺣﻨﻮﻣﺔ و ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺎرض ﺗﺎم ﻟﻠﻜﺌﻴﺐ ﻗﻨﺎوي.

1.ﺗﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺣﻨﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻗﻨﺎوي دون أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ أدﻧﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻮوس ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺎ. 0

ﻻ1. ﻳﻔﻬﻢ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻠﻤﺤﻪ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر، وﻫﻲ أن ﻗﻨﺎوي ﻳﻤﻀﻲ أﻳﺎﻣﻪ 1ﻣﺤﺪﻗﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻷزﻳﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﺼﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪران ﻛﻮﺧﻪ و ﻳﺒﺘﻬﺞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻛﺎﻷﺧﺮق ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺟﺰء ﻋﺬب ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﺪ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﻨﺎه.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #24 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BAB EL-HADID (THE I RON GATE) 2 1.اﺳﺘﻔﺰاز و ﺳﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻨﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺤﻮل ﻫﻮس ﻗﻨﺎوي اﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن وﻳﻌﺘﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﺎردﺗﻬﺎ و ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪي 2 ﺟﻨﺴﻲ .

1.ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ اﺑﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻼم اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ. 3

1.ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة، ﻓﺎن ﺑﺎب اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻘﺪم واﻗﻊ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ و ﻗﺬر ﻻ ﻳﻮد 4أي أﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ أو إﻇﻬﺎره ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ، وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮض ﺣﺘﻰ 1987.

1.ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺤﻪ ﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﺪب اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎم 1958. 5

ENGLISH

1. Bab El-Hadid (The Iron Gate)

2. Directed by the illustrious Youssef Shahine (sometimes spelled as Chahine), Bab El- Hadid is another masterpiece of Egyptian cinema. Banned for 12 years in Egypt, this film tackled the provocative and taboo topic of sexual obsession. Also titled as Cairo Station, it was released in 1958 and starred the director, Youssef Shahine as the main character along with Hind Rostom and Faris Shawqi.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #24 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BAB EL-HADID (THE I RON GATE) 3 3. The film takes place over single day in the central Cairo train station with Shahine playing the weird and disturbing Qinawi, a newspaper vendor at the station. Rostom plays the role of Hanouma, an illegal soft drinks vendor who is routinely harassed by police. An attractive character, she draws the attention of beady-eyed Qinawi. Their twisted relationship is set against the backdrop of Shawqi's character, Abu Serib, and his efforts to form a union at the train station. Abu Serib is Hanouma's fiancé and he is diametrically opposed to the solemn Qinawi. Hanouma toys with Qinawi's feelings and has little idea that he is a sexually obsessed individual. None of the other characters fathom what the audience is able to glimpse, that Qinawi spends his days staring at pin- up models on the walls of his shack and gawks incessantly at any tantalizing part of a woman that he can feast his eyes upon. The goading and taunting of Hanouma causes Qinawi's obsession to spiral into madness and he takes to stalking her and becomes a full-fledged sexual predator.

4. Shahine's film was a departure from the usual types of films produced in Egypt at the time. Instead of happy, feel-good pieces, Bab El-Hadid presented a dark and sordid reality that not everyone wished to discuss or showcase in Egypt; hence the ban until 1978. It was nominated for The Golden Bear Award at the 1958 Berlin Film Festival.

VOCABULARY

Arabic English Class Gender newspaper noun feminine ﺟﺮﻳﺪة weird adjective masculine ﻏﺮﻳﺐ اﻷﻃﻮار disturbing adjective masculine ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻺﺿﻄﺮاب obsession noun masculine ﻫﻮس madness noun masculine ﺟﻨﻮن predator noun masculine ﻣﻔﺘﺮس union noun masculine إﺗﺤﺎد

SAMPLE SENTENCES

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #24 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BAB EL-HADID (THE I RON GATE) 4 ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻲ اﻷﻃﻮار ﻓﻌﻼ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﺪ ﺗﺒﺪو ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺪﺛﺮ ﻟﻺﻋﻼم The newspaper seems to be a dying form Some people are just plain weird. of media.

اﻟﻬﻮس ﺑﺸﻲء أو ﻫﻮاﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ أﻣﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪا ﻣﺜﻴﺮة Having an obsession for any object or ﻟﻼﺿﻄﺮاب Some events throughout history have hobby is usually not healthy. been especially disturbing.

داﺋﺮة اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ، ﻳﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻃﻮال اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﺆدي اﻟﻰ اﻧﺤﺪار ﻧﺤﻮ

ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ دور اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ. اﻟﺠﻨﻮن. Working all the time results in a descent The circle of life is made up of many into madness. animals, some of whom play the role of predator to others.

اﻻﺗﺤﺎد ﻣﻦ أي ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻚ أﻗﻮى ﻷﻧﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻮد وﺣﻴﺪا ﺑﻌﺪ اﻵن. A union of any kind means you are stronger because you are no longer alone.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

While this movie brought to light the distressing situation of sexual obsession and associated violence to Egyptian audiences fifty years ago, it is a piece that still resonates deeply and reflects some facets of current Egyptian society. Sexual harassment is still rampant and is on the increase according to a BBC report in July of 2008. The Egyptian Centre for Women's Rights reported that 98% of foreign women and 83% of Egyptian women experienced harassment. Provocative attire and a "blame the victim" attitude is rampant at all levels of society with 53% of Egyptian men blaming women for their need to harass them. The majority of Egyptian women harassed were dressed conservatively and carried themselves in a reserved manner. Awareness has been growing and there are more and more articles lambasting the sexist attitudes and questioning how to promote societal change to rid Egyptian society of this raging problem.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #24 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BAB EL-HADID (THE I RON GATE) 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #25 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Bidaya wa Nihaya (A Beginning and an End)

CONTENTS

2 Arabic 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight

# 25

1. ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ

،2. ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﻧﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ.

3.ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻷول اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺎﻛﻲ أﺣﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ و ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺤﻪ ﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة ﺑﺮي اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﻋﺎم 1961 ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ.

4.اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ إﺧﺮاج ﺻﻼح أﺑﻮ ﺳﻴﻒ، ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ، ﺳﻨﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻞ، ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ، أﻣﻴﻨﺔ رزق ، ﺻﻼح ﻣﻨﺼﻮر و أﻣﻞ زاﻳﺪ.

5.ﻓﺎزت ﺳﻨﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ داﻋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎم 1961.

6.ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎة أﺳﺮة ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ وﻓﺎة رب اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺬي ﺧﻠﻒ اﻷﺧﻮة اﻟﺜﻼث ، أﺧﺘﻬﻢ و أﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﺄﻗﻠﻤﻮا ﺑﻔﻘﺪاﻧﻪ.

7.ﻳﺘﺤﻮل أﺣﺪ اﻷﺧﻮة إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺮم، و ﻳﻐﺎدر اﻵﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ أﺧﺮى .

8.أﻣﺎ اﻷخ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻓﻴﻜﺒﺪ أﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻠﻤﻪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ.

9.ﺗﻘﻴﻢ اﻷﺧﺖ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺨﻀﺎر و وﺗﻨﺤﺪر اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮة ﺑﺸﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ أن ﻳﺘﺰوﺟﻬﺎ.

1.ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﺄﺳﺎة ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺤﺎر اﻷﺧﺖ و اﻷخ اﻟﻤﺠﺮم ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ. 0

1.ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء، ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ و ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﻮر ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻴﺾ و اﻷﺳﻮد. 1

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #25 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BIDAYA WA NIHAYA (A BEGI NNING AND AN END) 2 1.ﻧﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ، ﺣﻴﺚ أﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ 50 رواﻳﺔ و 350 2 ﻗﺼﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة.

1.ﻗﺎم أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻧﺼﻮص ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎت و أﻓﻼم وﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ أﻓﻼم ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت 3 اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ و اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ.

1.اﻟﻤﺨﺮج، ﺻﻼح أﺑﻮ ﺳﻴﻒ، ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷوﻗﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ. 4

1.ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻓﻼﻣﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﻮق 40 ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ، ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ و ﻗﺎدت ﺟﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ. 5

1.اﺧﺘﺎر أن ﻳﻘﺘﺒﺲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ و اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة و ﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ 6ﻟﺠﻮاﺋﺰ ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ، ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ، ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺎن ﺑﻴﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ، و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻼم اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ.

ENGLISH

1. Bidaya wa Nihaya (A Beginning and an End)

2. An Egyptian film release in 1960, Bidaya wa Nihaya is based on the novel by Nobel Prize winning writer Naguib Mahfouz. It was the first film adapted to one of his books and it was nominated for the Grand Prix award at the 1961 Moscow Film Festival. Directed by Salah Abouseif, it stars Omar Sharif, Sanaa Gamil, Farid Shawki, Amina Rizk, Salah Mansour, and Amal Zayed. Sanaa Gamil won for best supporting actress at the 1961 Moscow Film Festival.

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ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #25 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BIDAYA WA NIHAYA (A BEGI NNING AND AN END) 3 3. Bidaya wa Nihaya looks at the lives of an Egyptian family in Cairo after the death of the family patriarch. Three brothers, their sister and mother and the ones left behind to cope. One brother becomes a criminal, another leaves to work in another city and the youngest causes his family financial problems as he pursues his dream of becoming a police officer. The sister has an affair with the grocer`s son and she is pushed into prostitution when he refuses to marry her. The film ends in tragedy with the sister and criminal brother both committing suicide in the Nile. Also known as Dead Among the Living, Bidaya wa Nihaya was shot in black and white.

4. Considered one of Egypt's best writers, the author Naguib Mahfouz has written over 50 novels and 350 short stories. He has also composed plays and movie scripts and his work has been turned into films at both the local and international levels. The director, Salah Abouseif, is considered an all-time great of Egyptian cinemas. Most of his over 40 movies are considered classics and he led the genre of realistic cinema in Egypt. He opted to base many of his films on Egyptian novels and short stories and his work was nominated at the Cannes Film Festival, Moscow Film Festival, Berlin Film Festival, and Egyptian Film Association awards.

VOCABULARY

Arabic Romanization English Class Gender cope verb masculine اﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ death noun masculine ﻣﻮت prostitution noun feminine دﻋﺎرة mokhreg director noun masculine ﻣﺨﺮج author noun masculine ﻣﺆﻟﻒ addiction noun masculine إدﻣﺎن

(plays noun feminine (plural ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎت

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #25 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BIDAYA WA NIHAYA (A BEGI NNING AND AN END) 4 tragedy noun feminine ﻣﺄﺳﺂه

SAMPLE SENTENCES

اﻟﻤﺮور ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻮت اﻷﺣﺒﺎء ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺴﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن Going through the death of a loved one is ﻳﻜﻮن ذا ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻖ Trying to cope with loss can be very difficult. overwhelming.

ﻛﻮﻧﻚ ﻣﺨﺮج ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻮﻟﻴﻮود اﻟﺪﻋﺎرة ﻫﻮ أﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮأة. Prostitution is little more than slavery for Being a director is a major Hollywood women. milestone.

ﻗﺪ ﻳﺠﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﺮج ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻋﺒﻘﺮي ! muḫriǧ hāḏā al-fīlm ʿabqarī ﻧﻮع ادﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ. The director of this movie is a genius! Choosing a genre to write in can be difficult for some authors.

اﻟﻤﺴﺮﺣﻴﺎت ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﻓﻦ راﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻷﻓﻼم ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ إدﻣﺎن Watching movies can become an Plays are still an incredible art form in addiction. America.

ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﺤﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺂﺳﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺳﻠﻮﻛﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ Supporting loved ones through tragedies should come naturally to all of us.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

A famous Egyptian actor, Omar Sharif is known for his pivotal roles in a number of classic Hollywood pictures, including Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago and Funny Girl with Barbra Streisand. He has been nominated for an Oscar and has won three Golden Globe awards. Born into a Catholic family, Sharif fell in love with his first wife, Egyptian actress Faten

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #25 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BIDAYA WA NIHAYA (A BEGI NNING AND AN END) 5 Hamama and converted to Islam. They remained married for twenty years and divorced amicably in 1974 because Sharif chose to spend more and more time in Europe and out of Egypt. He never remarried and has remained a bachelor.

ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #25 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN MOVI ES : BIDAYA WA NIHAYA (A BEGI NNING AND AN END) 6 Intro 13 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Ilham al-Madfai 1 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Khufu 14 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Magida El Roumi 2 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Hatshepsut 15 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Mohamed Abdel Wahab 3 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Thutmose III 16 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Mohamed Al-Qasabji 4 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Akhenaten 17 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Riyad Al-Sunbati 5 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Tutankhamen 18 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Sayed Darwish 6 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Rameses II 19 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Umm Kulthum 7 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Ramses III 20 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Zakariyya Ahmad 8 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Darius 21 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: The Land 9 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Ptolemy I 22 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: Al- Haraam 10 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Cleopatra VII 23 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: The Night of Counting the 11 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Amr Diab Years or the Mummy 12 Top 10 Egyptian Musicians: Fairouz 24 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: The Iron Gate 25 Top 10 Egyptian Movies: A Beginning and an End