LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #1 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Khufu CONTENTS 2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight # 1 COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ARABIC 1. ﺧﻮﻓﻮ 2.اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﺬاﻟﺔ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﻪ و ﻣﻊ أﺳﺮﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ. اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮدﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﺘﻜﺎر ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ و ﺗﻌﺰو ﻗﺴﻮﺗﻪ اﻟﻰ اﻻﺣﺒﺎط اﻟﺬي ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺘﻪ ﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ و أوﻻده. 3.واﻟﺪا ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن ﺳﻨﻴﻔﻴﺮو و اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺐ ﺣﺮس اﻷوﻟﻰ. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﺗﺨﺬ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ زوﺟﺎت، وأﻧﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺑﻨﺎء و ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ اﺑﻨﺔ. ﺧﻠﻔﻪ اﺑﻨﻪ دﺟﻴﺪﻳﻔﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮش. وأﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﻪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﺐ ﺣﺮس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ. 4.ﻋﺮف ﺧﻮﻓﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺸﻴﻮﺑﺲ أو ﺳﻮﻓﻴﺲ. اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺧﻨﻢ-ﺧﻮﻓﻮ و اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ "أﻳﻪ اﻹﻟﻪ ﺧﻨﻢ اﺣﻤﻴﻨﻲ". 5.ﻃﻮل ﻣﺪة ﺣﻜﻢ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺪال واﺳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ 23 ﻋﺎم، ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ 50 أو ﺣﺘﻰ 63 ﺳﻨﺔ. ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄن ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ، و ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﺎم 2589 اﻟﻰ 2566 ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﻼد. 6.ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺧﻮﻓﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻫﺮم اﻟﺠﻴﺰة اﻷﻛﺒﺮ، وﻫﻲ أﺣﺪ ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ. اﻟﻬﺮم اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ﻫﻮ أﻗﺪم ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ، واﻟﻤﺜﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ.ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻤﺪة 3800 ﻋﺎم أﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺮح ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. اﻟﻬﺮم اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺮة اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة. اﻧﻪ اﻷﻗﺪم و اﻷﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻫﺮام اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺒﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة. ENGLISH CONT'D OVER ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 2 1. Pharaoh Khufu is known as being a very mean, cruel ruler toward both his kingdom and his large family. Stories found on documents such as the Westcar Papyrus reflect Khufu in this negative light and attribute his cruelty to frustration at trying to prolong the reign of himself and his sons. 2. Khufu’s parents were Pharaoh Sneferu and Queen Hetepheres I. He is believed to have had four wives, nine sons, and fifteen daughters. His son Djedefra succeeded his throne. One of his daughters became Queen Hetepheres II. 3. Khufu was also known as Cheops or Suphis. His complete name was actually Khnum- Khufu, which means “the god Khnum protects me.” 4. The length of Khufu's reign is greatly debated by different sources. Some sources claim that he ruled for 23 years, while other sources claim 50 or even 63 years. We do know that Khufu was part of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. He was the 2nd pharaoh of the 4th dynasty, and he reigned from roughly 2589 to 2566 BC. 5. Khufu is most well-known for building the Great Pyramid of Giza, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and, surprisingly, the most well preserved. For a period of 3,800 years, it was the highest man-made edifice in the world. The Great Pyramid is part of the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest and largest of three pyramids located in the Giza Necropolis. VOCABULARY Arabic Romanization English Class Gender illegal adjective male ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ dynasty ﺳﻼﻟﺔ protect noun female ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 3 positive اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ bardi papyrus noun Male ﺑﺮدى thought ﻓﻜﺮة throne ﻋﺮش waṯāʾiq Documents noun Feminine*Plural وﺛﺎﺋﻖ Rumors اﺷﺎﻋﺎت qāsī Cruel noun Male ﻗﺎﺳﻲ SAMPLE SENTENCES ﺑﻨﺎء ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ أي ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻋﺪة أﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. زوﺟﺎت، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ذﻟﻚ. Building a dynasty within any industry It is illegal in most places to have multiple requires a strong familial grip on the wives, but that doesn't stop some men business. from trying. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻛﻼ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ اﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ و ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ أب و أم أن ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ. ﻃﻔﻠﻪ. Every parent should feel the need to It is important to look at both the positive protect their child. and negative sides of every issue. ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻧﺠﺎب اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﺪﻣﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻮن اﻟﺒﺮدي ﻛﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻦ و اﻟﺒﻨﺎت. اﻟﻮرق Ancient Egyptians used papyrus as a form Some men can't stand the thought of of paper. having many daughters and no sons. ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 4 ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺜﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ. ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ، ﻳﻜﻮن اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب ﻣﻦ laqad ʿaṯarnā ʿalā waṯāʾiqin hāmma اﻟﻌﺮش أﻣﺮ ﻣﺨﻴﻒ ﺟﺪا For a commoner, approaching the throne We have found important documents. can be very terrifying. اﻷب ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺠﺎه أوﻻده. ﻋﻠﻴﻚ أن ﺗﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدرك ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺼﺪق ʾal-ʾabbu qāsun tiǧāh ʾawlādah ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺷﺎﻋﺎت. You've got to check out the source before The father is cruel to his children. believing some rumors. CULTURAL INSIGHT Cultural Insight: Comic book superhero Hawkman of DC Comics is a reincarnation of Khufu. He originally appeared in Flash Comics in the 1940s as Carter Hall. Carter Hall discovered a ninth metal that could counteract gravity and give him the ability to fly. Hall was an archaeologist by day, and he used weaponry from the museum where he worked in his battles. Khufu also appears in a graphic novel based on the television series Heroes. In this story Khufu is ascribed the ability of levitation. Khufu also appears in the video game Civilization Revolution under the name of Cheops. ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #1 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : KHUFU 5 LESSON NOTES Advanced Audio Blog S2 #2 Top 10 Egyptian Leaders: Hatshepsut CONTENTS 2 Arabic 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Cultural Insight # 2 COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ARABIC 1. ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت 2.ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺑﺄن ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻷﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ. اﻋﺘﻠﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮت زوﺟﻬﺎ و أﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﺤﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ. ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮة اﻷﻃﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺮات اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﺒﺪو ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ، ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ " اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺒﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻃﻼق". 3.ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت و زوﺟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ، ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ زوﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻫﻮ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن. ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻟﻤﺪة 22 ﻋﺎم، رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ. ﺗﻨﺺ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻤﺪة 21 ﻋﺎم و ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ. ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻬﺎ، أﻧﻬﺎ أﻋﺎدت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺣﺘﻞ اﻟﻬﻜﺴﻮس ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ. وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺑﻼد ﺑﻨﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ. 4.اﺷﺘﻬﺮت أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ. ﻓﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ﻛُﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ، وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺗﻬﺎ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ أن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﺮاﻋﻨﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﺎوﻟﻮا ﻧﺴﺐ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﻬﻢ. 5.ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺣﺘﺸﺒﺴﻮت ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻦ ، رﻏﻢ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻮت. ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻠﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ أﺟﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺟﺮاء ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮ وأن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌﻈﺎم. ENGLISH 1. Hatshepsut CONT'D OVER ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 2 2. Most archeologists who specialize in Egyptian history agree that Hatshepsut was one of the most successful pharaohs in the nation’s ancient history. She ascended to the throne after the death of her husband and half-brother, Thutmose II. She was the longest reigning female pharaoh of any Egyptian dynasty that came from within the country itself. Her name certainly does seem fitting, as it means “foremost of noble ladies” in English. 3. The policies Hatshepsut and her husband were very similar, so many historians believe she heavily influenced her husband while he was pharaoh. Most experts believe that she reigned for 22 years, although the exact beginning of her reign is not known precisely. Some sources state that she only reigned for 21 years and nine months. Among her accomplishments, she reconnected a number of trade routes that had been cut when the Hyksos occupied her country. She also paid for a trip to the Land of Punt so that they could bring back some important trade goods. 4. She was also known as one of the most successful builders in ancient Egypt. Almost every museum in the world has a statute that was commissioned during her reign, simply because there were so many. She was so successful in building that a few pharaohs who came after her attempted to take credit for her work. 5. Hatshepsut died in her 50s, although no cause of death has been recorded. A more recent forensic examination of her body suggests that she did suffer from diabetes and that the cause of her death was actually bone cancer. VOCABULARY Arabic Romanization English Class Gender taʾṯīr influence noun Male ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ Accomplishment ʿinǧazāt s noun Male*plural إﺗﺠﺎزات muʿānāh Suffering ﻣﻌﺎﺗﺎه yataḫaṣṣaṣ to specialize Verb male ﻳﺘﺨﺼﺺ ARABICPOD101.COM ADVANCED AUDIO BLOG S 2 #2 - TOP 10 EGYPTI AN LEADERS : HATS HEPS UT 3 tanoṣṣ To state verb Female ﺗﻨﺺ bannāʾ builder noun Male ﺑﻨﺎء ʾistiʿādah Restore noun Female إﺳﺘﻌﺎدة siyāsah Policy noun Feminine ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ faḥṣ examination noun male ﻓﺤﺺ yaʿtalī To ascend Verb Male ﻳﻌﺘﻠﻲ SAMPLE SENTENCES ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس ﻋﻦ إﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﻪ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن واﻟﺪه ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. laqad kāna wālidahu šadī d-al-taʾṯīri ʿalaihi taḥaddaṯ ʾal-mohandis ʿan ʾinǧāzātih He was highly influenced by his father.