FACTORY FARMING from a Report by Michael W
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Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Production and Harvest of Lettuce and Leafy Greens
1 2 3 4 5 6 COMMODITY SPECIFIC FOOD SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR THE 7 PRODUCTION AND HARVEST OF LETTUCE AND LEAFY GREENS 8 VERSION 11 - ARIZONA 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 SEPTEMBER 14, 2018 38 39 Authors Note: This document reflects Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the 40 Production and Harvest of Leafy Greens for Arizona. It is based on the Commodity 41 Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Production and Harvest of Leafy Greens 42 accepted for use by the California Leafy Greens Handler Marketing Agreement and 43 contains minor, non-substantive modifications recommended by the Arizona Leafy 44 Greens Marketing Committee. Arizona law supersedes any requirements in this 45 document that may be in conflict. 46 Table of Contents 47 48 Glossary 3 49 Acronyms and Abbreviations 9 50 List of Appendices 10 51 Introduction 11 52 Scope 12 53 1. Purpose 15 54 2. Issue: General Requirements 15 55 3. Issue: Records 15 56 4. Issue: Personnel Qualifications and training 16 57 5. Issue: Environmental Assessments 18 58 6. Issue: Water 19 59 7. Issue: Water Usage to Prevent Product Dehydration 21 60 8. Issue: Soil Amendments 29 61 9. Issue: Nonsynthetic Crop Treatments 38 62 10. Issue: Harvest Equipment, Packing Materials, and Buildings 42 63 11. Issue: Harvest Personnel - Direct Contact with Soil and Contaminants 64 during Harvest 45 65 12. Issue: Field and Harvest Personnel - Transfer of Human Pathogens by 66 Workers 45 67 13. -
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P. -
Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland
energies Article Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland Mariusz Ta´nczuk 1,*, Robert Junga 1, Alicja Kolasa-Wi˛ecek 2 and Patrycja Niemiec 1 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland; [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (P.N.) 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, 45-047 Opole, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-664-475-355 Received: 2 January 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 1 April 2019 Abstract: Animal waste, including chicken manure, is a category of biomass considered for application in the energy industry. Poland is leading poultry producer in Europe, with a chicken population assessed at over 176 million animals. This paper aims to determine the theoretical and technical energy potential of chicken manure in Poland. The volume of chicken manure was assessed as 4.49 million tons per year considering three particular poultry rearing systems. The physicochemical properties of examined manure specimens indicate considerable conformity with the data reported in the literature. The results of proximate and ultimate analyses confirm a considerable effect of the rearing system on the energy parameters of the manure. The heating value of the chicken manure was calculated for the high moisture material in the condition as received from the farms. The value of annual theoretical energy potential in Poland was found to be equal to around 40.38 PJ. Annual technical potential of chicken biomass determined for four different energy conversion paths occurred significantly smaller then theoretical and has the value from 9.01 PJ to 27.3 PJ. -
Identifying the Sustainable Niche for Anaerobic Digestion in a Low Carbon Future
Identifying the Sustainable Niche for Anaerobic Digestion in a Low Carbon Future David Styles1,2, Jalil Yesufu1, Prysor Williams1, Martin Bowman3 & Karen Luyckx3 Bangor University & Feedback Global Affiliations: 1School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales; 2University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; 3Feedback Global, London. Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 Circularity & climate stabilisation ....................................................................................................... 3 Food waste .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Anaerobic digestion ............................................................................................................................ 4 Low carbon energy .............................................................................................................................. 5 Assessing environmental sustainability .............................................................................................. 5 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8 Goal and scope .................................................................................................................................... 8 Impact categories ............................................................................................................................... -
Backyard Farming and Slaughtering 2 Keeping Tradition Safe
Backyard farming and slaughtering 2 Keeping tradition safe FOOD SAFETY TECHNICAL TOOLKIT FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Backyard farming and slaughtering – Keeping tradition safe Backyard farming and slaughtering 2 Keeping tradition safe FOOD SAFETY TECHNICAL TOOLKIT FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Bangkok, 2021 FAO. 2021. Backyard farming and slaughtering – Keeping tradition safe. Food safety technical toolkit for Asia and the Pacific No. 2. Bangkok. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. © FAO, 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this license, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non- commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. -
Free-Range Environment
The requirements listed in this document pertain to shell egg labels that contain the USDA grademark, only. MANDATORY LABELING REQUIREMENTS • It is strongly recommended that you verify applicable State requirements before submitting labels for Federal approval. • FDA = The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA); the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA); and the regulations promulgated under these acts (21 CFR). • USDA = 7 CFR Part 56; AMS 56 Principal Display Panel (PDP): • The term principal display panel means the part of a label that is most likely to be displayed, presented, shown, or examined under customary conditions of display for retail sale. • The principal display panel shall be large enough to accommodate all the mandatory label information required to be placed on the container with clarity and conspicuousness and without obscuring design, vignettes, or crowding. • The Producer, Distributor, or Carton Manufacturer must declare the PDP or alternate PDP’s prior to issuance of a USDA approval number. Contact this office to further discuss the selection of the PDP. PDP = Top View, only. Back Hinge PDP Front Lip PDP = Top View and Front Lip (Alternate Display Panels) Back Hinge PDP Front Lip • If the Top View and Front Lip are selected as the PDP’s, all required mandatory information must be placed on both panels (Top View and Front Lip). • Overwrapped, Sleeved, or Case containers: All mandatory labeling information must be placed on the top panel or information panel. No mandatory labeling requirements may be placed on the bottom panel. Page 1 08/22/2016 Information Panel: • The information panel as it applies to packaged food means that part of the label immediately contiguous and to the right of the principal display panel (PDP) as observed by an individual facing the principal display panel. -
Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-Range an Ethical, Profitable Approach | the Weekly Times
1/22/2018 Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach | The Weekly Times Menu Digital Print Edition Subscribe Login NEWS AGRIBUSINESS DAIRY LIVESTOCK CROPPING PROPERTY Hen haven: Ian Littleton at Clarendon Farm Eggs at Gulgong in NSW, where he runs hens at 1500 a hectare under his Humane Choice’s Free Range Project. ON FARM Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach SARAH HUDSON, The Weekly Times January 9, 2018 12:00am Subscriber only IN THE poultry industry, you’d be hard-pressed to find anyone more knowledgeable about hen farming than Ian Littleton. The 66-year-old runs a 120ha poultry farm at Gulgong in NSW, called Clarendon Farm Eggs, stocking 6000 free-range Lowman chooks, and selling 1500 dozen eggs a week through wholesale and retail markets in Sydney. http://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/on-farm/clarendon-farm-eggs-freerange-an-ethical-profitable-approach/news-story/0dae808c575… 1/5 1/22/2018 Clarendon Farm Eggs: Free-range an ethical, profitable approach | The Weekly Times But the property is more of a semi-retirement project, following a six-decade career Menu Digital Print Edition Subscribe Login in the poultry industry, from which his accumulated knowledge has led to best- practice innovation across all farm productions. IAN LITTLETON GULGONG, NSW STNEWSOCKS 6 00AGRIBUSINESS0 free-range Lowm aDAIRYn chooks oLIVESTOCKn 120ha farm CROPPING PROPERTY HAS 14 mobile chook homes SELLS 1500 dozen eggs a week through wholesale and retail markets in Sydney ACCREDITED with Humane Choice’s Free Range Project Ian grew up on a poultry farm near Toowoomba in Queensland, and, after his father passed away and the farm was sold, studied an agricultural degree at Queensland Agricultural College, specialising in poultry production. -
100% Natural! the Fastest Growing Category in Cat and Small Animal Litter & Bedding
100% Natural! The fastest growing category in cat and small animal litter & bedding. GOING NATURAL is important… Important to: Your bottom line. Category growth. Your customer. Their pets and our planet. Equustock, LLC Natural Cat Litter and Small Animal Litter and Bedding With the recent transition of the Feline Pine cat litter pellet brand, we have experienced incredible interest in our natural line of litters and bedding. Large Retailers , US Distributors and International Distributors had begun to take notice of the natural litter trend, but with the legitimizing recognition from a traditional clay litter manufacturer the activity has exploded. The natural litter industry is still relatively young. Local and regional producers of materials that appear suitable for animal applications have surfaced as the industry begins to consolidate. Unfortunately, these single source producers can be damaging to the industry as a whole because of their lack of understanding of the category and the quality controls and processes necessary for animal litter applications. Equustock, LLC has been producing pine pellets, pine shavings and custom product blends for large animal use for over a decade and during this time we have produced product at several of our N. American plants as private label for other small animal product brands. We are armed with the manufacturing expertise to understand natural feedstock materials, regional variations of raw materials and the equipment necessary to produce the most consistent product possible throughout the country. With multiple plant locations, we are positioned to offer the lowest nationwide average of per bag cost of delivery. Our retailers and distributors can be very competitive and at the same time, offer the consumer a price point that will be necessary to sustain natural product interest during this current and likely long term economic environment. -
Religious and Non-Religious Slaughter
Religious and Non-Religious Slaughter Joe M. Regenstein Professor of Food Science Head: Cornell Kosher and Halal Food Initiative Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA [email protected] American Meat Institute Animal Welfare Conference March 26, 2010 Kansas City, MO Dialog on Religious Slaughter A European Union project of the Health and Consumer Policy Commission The Importance of Religious Slaughter Obtaining meat by means of religious slaughter is an integral part of being an observant Jew or Muslim for many practitioners of these religions. Although some Jews and Muslims may opt for a vegetarian diet, and some are observant of food laws to varying degrees, major religious events and many other meals often center around a meal involving meat. The loss of the right to slaughter meat is viewed as a direct attack on the religion –as highlighted by Nazi Germany’s first restrictions on Jews being the prohibition of religious slaughter. Responsibilities The scientific/engineering community needs to work together with the Jewish and Muslim Communities to make sure that the animal welfare during religious slaughter is done in the best possible way consistent with religious requirements as determined by the local religious leadership. Religious diversity both within a religious community and of other religious communities deserves to be respected as their needs are protected by the European Union. The religious community needs to organize themselves and then take on responsibility for assuring the best possible religious slaughter procedures are used. The Bottom Line 1. The animal welfare of religious slaughter needs to be improved consistent with and respectful of all religious rules. -
Article on ILD from Terraviva, 2008
www.ipsterraviva.net World Conservation Congress, Barcelona, 5 - 14 October, 2008 Oct 8, 20083 II needneed YourYour Money…!Money…! Hilmi Toros Those were the questions a select group of ministers, NGO leaders, corporate chiefs, international organisations and the Since climate change is now a demonstrated fact, rather than a academia divulged into on Tuesday in a closed session at make-believe worst- selling fiction of a few years back, money the IUCN World Conservation Congress at Barcelona. IPS is needed to forestall it and cure its ills. Terraviva gained entry into the private powwow on the under- Lots of money - an estimated $250 billion a year is needed standing that participants will not be identified or quoted, so as for both adaptation and mitigation. It is a figure which is more to allow them to speak their minds freely more as individuals than ten times the available as well as the spent amount. than big wigs with long and impressive titles. Will it come? If yes, from where? And who to whose coffers? Continued on Back Page For full coverage of the IUCN World Conservation Congress, visit www.ipsterraviva.net By Ramesh Jaura Senior Correspondent Globalisation is killing languages Armies That Don‘t Kill? Future is drawing the fo- cus at the IUCN World Con- servation Congress. So, why not visualise a world in which the armies of the world do not kill for a regime change here, and for a wealth of resources there, but protect planet earth from man-made and natural disasters? Believe me. This is pre- By Zoltán Dujisin language, and the culture it repre- A keen audience asked whether cisely what a blue-ribbon sents, becomes endangered. -
Business Guide to Managing Biosecurity Risks of Food Recycling
BUSINESS GUIDE TO MANAGING BIOSECURITY RISKS OF FOOD RECYCLING IN AUSTRALIA Consumer demand and a sense of corporate responsibility have seen several food retailers and restaurants develop programs designed to minimise WHAT IS SWILL FEEDING? food waste. These programs sometimes include food recycling, or farmer programs, where food waste is provided to farmers for stock feed or composting. Swill, the traditional name for all prohibited The reduction of food waste is important for pig feed, is food waste containing meat or environmental, sustainability and other reasons, but any other mammalian products or by- this must be balanced with the potential risks to animal products, excluding Australian milk. This health posed by recycling certain types of food. also includes imported dairy products and any foods that have been in contact with Why do food retailers and restaurants meat. need to manage risks around food Swill feeding is the practise of feeding swill recycling and disposal? to pigs, including small ‘backyard’ pig herds Certain foods sourced through recycling programs can or pet pigs. pose a risk of the introduction of certain emergency Swill feeding is illegal in Australia as it can animal diseases (EADs). EADs such as foot-and-mouth cause outbreaks of serious animal diseases. disease (FMD) and classical and African swine fever The national ban on swill feeding to pigs is a are not presently found in Australia. Some recycled vital measure to prevent potentially foods could be a source of EADs if fed to pigs or contaminated swill from being eaten by ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats and deer). -
Poultry Litter/Manure Management Practices in Intensively Managed Poultry Farms in Portharcourt
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 8, Issue 3 Ver. II (Mar. 2015), PP 53-58 www.iosrjournals.org Poultry Litter/Manure Management Practices in Intensively Managed Poultry Farms in Portharcourt Ekenma Kalu Department Of Veterinary Public Health And Preventive Medicine. Micheal Okpara University Of Agriculture, Umudike. Abstract: The investigation to determine the different litter/manure management practices of poultry farmers was carried out in Port Harcourt urban area. A well structured questionnaire was administered to 30 randomly selected poultry farmers in the study area by one on one interview and observation of the environment. The results revealed that poultry farming is on the increase. Majority of these farmer’s management practices showed that they have little knowledge about proper disposal of litter/manure resulting from their farm operations. 53.3% sell their waste immediately after clearing their farms while 43.3% store them for later use and 3.4% applied theirs directly to nearby farm lands. During the period of study, 96.7 % of the farmers had not heard of manure treatment before disposal while 3.3% have heard of it but did not practice it. It was also noted that improper handling of poultry production from start to finish could lead to environmental hazards. Keywords: Intensively managed, Poultry farms, Litter/manure, Port Harcourt. I. Introduction Poultry is one of the most developed animal industries in Nigeria. Historically, the growth of poultry industry began as a result of its high level of energy and protein, rapid turnover rate and short incubation period (i.e.