DOCSLIB.ORG

Summary of Wastewater Land Application in Kewaunee County

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Summary of Wastewater Land Application in Kewaunee County Summary of Wastewater Land Application in Kewaunee County Wastewater includes industrial wastes, municipal waste/sludge, and septage waste. Applicable administrative codes: Chapter NR 113, SERVICING SEPTIC OR HOLDING TANKS, PUMPING CHAMBERS, GREASE INTERCEPTORS, SEEPAGE BEDS, SEEPAGE PITS, SEEPAGE TRENCHES, PRIVIES, OR PORTABLE RESTROOMS. Chapter NR 204, DOMESTIC SEWAGE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT. Chapter NR 214, LAND TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTES, BY−PRODUCT SOLIDS AND SLUDGES. Definition of terms: Industrial waste (per NR 214.03): . “By−product solids” means waste materials from the animal product or food processing industry including, but not limited to: remains of butchered animals, paunch manure and vegetable waste materials such as leaves, cuttings, peelings and actively fermenting sweet corn silage. “Liquid waste” means process wastewater and waste liquid products, including silage leachate, whey, whey permeate, whey filtrate, contact cooling water, cooling or boiler water containing water treatment additives, and wash water generated in industrial, commercial and agricultural operations which result in a point source discharge to a land treatment system. “Sludge” means the accumulated solids generated during the biological, physical or chemical treatment, coagulation or sedimentation of water or wastewater. Municipal waste (per NR 204.03): . “Sewage sludge” or “sludge” or “biosolids” means the solid, semi−solid or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Sewage sludge includes scum or solids removed in primary, secondary or advanced wastewater treatment processes and material derived from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge does not include ash generated during the firing of a sewage sludge incinerator or grit and screenings generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Note: All 3 terms defined here are interchangeable and recognized by the department, as they are all in common use. Septage (per NR 113.03): . “Septage” means the wastewater or contents of septic or holding tanks, dosing chambers, grease interceptors, seepage beds, seepage pits, seepage trenches, privies or portable restrooms. Current approved acreage by waste type: Industrial = 13,944.1 Municipal = 1,983.3 Septage = 1,631.3 Total = 17,558.7 acres 13.5% of 130,000 acres of agricultural land available in Kewaunee County Industrial facilities = 10 Municipal facilities = 7 Septage businesses = 2 Industrial Municipal Septage Table 1. List of facilities/businesses that are approved to land apply industrial, municipal, and septage waste in Kewaunee County. Facilities Included in this Facility/Business Location Approved Land Application Waste Type Summary Based in Kewaunee County Sites* in Kewaunee County Agropur Inc Luxemburg Industrial ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No BelGioioso Cheese Inc Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Denmark BelGioioso Cheese Inc Langes Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Corner Dominion Energy Kewaunee, Industrial ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Inc JBS Green Bay Inc Lime Kiln Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Land O Lakes Inc Denmark Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No NEW Organic Digestion LLC Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Packerland Whey Products Inc Industrial ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Sanimax USA LLC Industrial ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Thiry Daems Cheese Factory Industrial ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Inc Algoma WWTF Municipal ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Appleton WWTF Municipal ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Casco WWTF Municipal ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Denmark WWTF Municipal ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Kewaunee WWTF Municipal ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Luxemburg WWT Municipal ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Sturgeon Bay Utilities WWTF Municipal ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Pelishek Sanitation Septage ☒ Yes ☐ No ☒ Yes ☐ No Renier Sanitation Service Septage ☐ Yes ☒ No ☒ Yes ☐ No * Includes manure storage structures approved for industrial waste storage. Table 2. Total amount of acres in Kewaunee County used for land application of wastewater by the facilities identified in Table 1, 2010-2014. Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Acres Land Applied 2,484.4 2,158.1 1,272 759.2 705.5 ADDITIONAL NOTES: This information was compiled on August 25, 2015, and is subject to change based on permittee operations/activities within the parameters and requirements of their WPDES permits. Permittees with land application outfalls may change their approved sites at any time, which includes applying for new sites and/or abandoning sites that they no longer use. The total acreage approved for land application only represents what is available for land application, not what is used every year for land application of wastewater. Facilities are able choose which sites from their approved list to use for land application during a crop year. This decision is usually affected by proximity of sites, availability of sites/crop rotation, and volume of wastewater produced. Some facilities reserve certain sites for only emergency usage, which means that those sites are only used when the usual sites or disposal methods are not available. Once land application sites are reviewed and approved by DNR, the facilities can manage those sites according to their needs as long as all WPDES permit and administrative code requirements are met at all times. Land application is a complex process to manage for facilities and can become more of a logistical burden than a benefit (cost, equipment, availability of acreage, site management, employee/hauler management), which results in reducing land application activity. Table 2 shows that the total amount of acreage in Kewaunee County used for land application of wastewater has steadily decreased over the past 5 years. This is due, in part, to one of the major industrial land applicators in Kewaunee County (Agropur Luxemburg) undergoing a wastewater treatment plant upgrade in 2013 and essentially eliminating land application as a disposal method. According to wastewater program records, the following manure pits are approved for industrial waste acceptance in Kewaunee County: o Deer Run Dairy pit; located in the Town of Franklin; approved for less than 10% industrial wastewater from JBS. o 3 pits owned by Gerald Stahl; located in the Town of Luxemburg; approved for industrial sludge from Sanimax. Wastewater Storage Options 1. Industrial Wastes: a. Liquid wastewater i. Chapter NR 214.17(1): Exemption for less than 10% industrial waste in manure pits. 1. Industrial liquid wastes mixed into liquid manure at a volume less than 10% of the volume of the mixture at the time it is landspread may be exempted in writing by the department on a case−by−case basis from the requirements of s. NR 214.17 (2), (3), (4) and (7) if the liquid waste mixture has beneficial properties as a soil conditioner or fertilizer, is applied in accordance with accepted agricultural practices and does not cause detrimental effects. a. Manure/industrial waste mixture is land applied to fields owned/operated by the manure pit owner and is regulated as animal waste. b. Land application sites for this manure/industrial waste mixture are not required to be reviewed and approved for industrial waste application. c. Industrial waste generator is required per WPDES permit requirements to keep records of the waste volume disposed of in manure pits and the hauling schedule of the pit to ensure the less than 10% waste volume requirement is met at all times. i. This information is reported to DNR via annual reports. d. Industrial waste disposed of in manure pits through this exemption should be accounted for in the nutrient management plan for the farm that owns/operates the manure pit. ii. This exemption is available only for liquid industrial waste/wastewater. It is not available for industrial sludge or by-product solids. b. Liquid wastewater >10%, industrial sludge, and by-product solids. i. Chapter NR 213 – LINING OF INDUSTRIAL LAGOONS AND DESIGN OF STORAGE STRUCTURES. 1. Industrial wastewater storage greater than 10% allowed in NR 214.17(1) = 100% waste storage and requires review and approval in accordance with NR 213 standards. a. Any waste mixture containing greater than 10% liquid industrial waste volume is managed as industrial waste and all WPDES permit requirements of the waste generator and NR 214 apply for the monitoring and disposal of that waste. 2. Any volume of industrial sludge and by-product solids proposed for storage requires review and approval in accordance with NR 213 requirements. a. Fields identified for land application of this waste are required to be reviewed and approved in accordance with NR 214 and the waste generator’s WPDES permit. All permit and code requirements apply at all times. 3. Industrial waste generator is required per WPDES permit requirements to keep records of the sampling/monitoring, waste volume disposed of in manure pits/storage facilities, the approved sites used for disposal, and the application rate for each site. a. This information is reported to DNR via annual reports. 2. Municipal waste/sludge. a. Chapter NR 110.26 – SEWERAGE SYTEMS: Sludge handling, storage and disposal. b. Chapter NR 204.10: Storage facilities. i. Any volume of municipal waste/sludge proposed for storage requires review and approval in accordance with NR 110 and NR 204 requirements. ii. All requirements of the waste generator’s WPDES permit and NR 110 & 204 apply at all times. 3. Septage waste. a. Chapter 113.12: Septage storage facilities. i. Small storage facilities – capacity of less than 25,000 gallons of waste storage. 1. Allowed if the storage facility has been previously approved under ch. SPS 383 or meet the standards in NR 110 and DNR is notified of the activity via Form 3400- 137, Septage Storage Facility Permit Application. 2. Permits are not usually issued for small facilities but can be on a case-by-case basis. 3. Waste cannot be stored for longer than 2 years. 4. Waste disposal must follow all requirements of NR 113. a. Disposal volumes reported to DNR via annual reports. ii. Large storage facilities – capacity of greater than 25,000 gallons of waste storage. 1. Specific WPDES permit required.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Production and Harvest of Lettuce and Leafy Greens
    1 2 3 4 5 6 COMMODITY SPECIFIC FOOD SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR THE 7 PRODUCTION AND HARVEST OF LETTUCE AND LEAFY GREENS 8 VERSION 11 - ARIZONA 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 SEPTEMBER 14, 2018 38 39 Authors Note: This document reflects Commodity Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the 40 Production and Harvest of Leafy Greens for Arizona. It is based on the Commodity 41 Specific Food Safety Guidelines for the Production and Harvest of Leafy Greens 42 accepted for use by the California Leafy Greens Handler Marketing Agreement and 43 contains minor, non-substantive modifications recommended by the Arizona Leafy 44 Greens Marketing Committee. Arizona law supersedes any requirements in this 45 document that may be in conflict. 46 Table of Contents 47 48 Glossary 3 49 Acronyms and Abbreviations 9 50 List of Appendices 10 51 Introduction 11 52 Scope 12 53 1. Purpose 15 54 2. Issue: General Requirements 15 55 3. Issue: Records 15 56 4. Issue: Personnel Qualifications and training 16 57 5. Issue: Environmental Assessments 18 58 6. Issue: Water 19 59 7. Issue: Water Usage to Prevent Product Dehydration 21 60 8. Issue: Soil Amendments 29 61 9. Issue: Nonsynthetic Crop Treatments 38 62 10. Issue: Harvest Equipment, Packing Materials, and Buildings 42 63 11. Issue: Harvest Personnel - Direct Contact with Soil and Contaminants 64 during Harvest 45 65 12. Issue: Field and Harvest Personnel - Transfer of Human Pathogens by 66 Workers 45 67 13.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Sustainable Niche for Anaerobic Digestion in a Low Carbon Future
    Identifying the Sustainable Niche for Anaerobic Digestion in a Low Carbon Future David Styles1,2, Jalil Yesufu1, Prysor Williams1, Martin Bowman3 & Karen Luyckx3 Bangor University & Feedback Global Affiliations: 1School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales; 2University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; 3Feedback Global, London. Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 Circularity & climate stabilisation ....................................................................................................... 3 Food waste .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Anaerobic digestion ............................................................................................................................ 4 Low carbon energy .............................................................................................................................. 5 Assessing environmental sustainability .............................................................................................. 5 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8 Goal and scope .................................................................................................................................... 8 Impact categories ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 100% Natural! the Fastest Growing Category in Cat and Small Animal Litter & Bedding
    100% Natural! The fastest growing category in cat and small animal litter & bedding. GOING NATURAL is important… Important to: Your bottom line. Category growth. Your customer. Their pets and our planet. Equustock, LLC Natural Cat Litter and Small Animal Litter and Bedding With the recent transition of the Feline Pine cat litter pellet brand, we have experienced incredible interest in our natural line of litters and bedding. Large Retailers , US Distributors and International Distributors had begun to take notice of the natural litter trend, but with the legitimizing recognition from a traditional clay litter manufacturer the activity has exploded. The natural litter industry is still relatively young. Local and regional producers of materials that appear suitable for animal applications have surfaced as the industry begins to consolidate. Unfortunately, these single source producers can be damaging to the industry as a whole because of their lack of understanding of the category and the quality controls and processes necessary for animal litter applications. Equustock, LLC has been producing pine pellets, pine shavings and custom product blends for large animal use for over a decade and during this time we have produced product at several of our N. American plants as private label for other small animal product brands. We are armed with the manufacturing expertise to understand natural feedstock materials, regional variations of raw materials and the equipment necessary to produce the most consistent product possible throughout the country. With multiple plant locations, we are positioned to offer the lowest nationwide average of per bag cost of delivery. Our retailers and distributors can be very competitive and at the same time, offer the consumer a price point that will be necessary to sustain natural product interest during this current and likely long term economic environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Guide to Managing Biosecurity Risks of Food Recycling
    BUSINESS GUIDE TO MANAGING BIOSECURITY RISKS OF FOOD RECYCLING IN AUSTRALIA Consumer demand and a sense of corporate responsibility have seen several food retailers and restaurants develop programs designed to minimise WHAT IS SWILL FEEDING? food waste. These programs sometimes include food recycling, or farmer programs, where food waste is provided to farmers for stock feed or composting. Swill, the traditional name for all prohibited The reduction of food waste is important for pig feed, is food waste containing meat or environmental, sustainability and other reasons, but any other mammalian products or by- this must be balanced with the potential risks to animal products, excluding Australian milk. This health posed by recycling certain types of food. also includes imported dairy products and any foods that have been in contact with Why do food retailers and restaurants meat. need to manage risks around food Swill feeding is the practise of feeding swill recycling and disposal? to pigs, including small ‘backyard’ pig herds Certain foods sourced through recycling programs can or pet pigs. pose a risk of the introduction of certain emergency Swill feeding is illegal in Australia as it can animal diseases (EADs). EADs such as foot-and-mouth cause outbreaks of serious animal diseases. disease (FMD) and classical and African swine fever The national ban on swill feeding to pigs is a are not presently found in Australia. Some recycled vital measure to prevent potentially foods could be a source of EADs if fed to pigs or contaminated swill from being eaten by ruminants (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats and deer).
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Waste Reduction
    AGRICULTURAL WASTE REDUCTION Thurston County Solid Waste Waste reduction, the combination of waste prevention and recycling efforts, makes good financial sense. In addition to financial advantages, waste prevention benefits the environment, benefits society, and your company establishes itself as a good community citizen, providing immeasurable, lasting rewards. Agricultural Waste Reduction Agricultural Waste Reduction TIPS FROM THURSTON COUNTY SOLID WASTE Waste reduction begins by understanding what is being purchased, how goods are used. It is then put to use by finding ways to eliminate, reduce, reuse, and recycle materials. A good strategy is to target the largest components in the waste stream, and implement the easy waste reduction steps first. Below are some ideas to help you identify waste reduction opportunities at your business. WASTE PREVENTION • Purchase items with recycled-content or refurbished parts. Pay attention to items used regularly like crates, cartons, bags, Gaylords and Gaylord liners, office and janitorial supplies. Many European and domestic plastics manufacturers are offering recycled- content crates. Ask vendors what they carry. • Use re-refined petroleum products. These products are less harmful for the environment. • Investigate using lube and hydraulic oils made from rapeseed oil and 100% vegetable oil; these products are often made in Sweden for the forest industry. They are biodegradable, non-toxic and have a higher rating for temperature and viscosity than petroleum products. • Use food by-products as an animal feed (check with local authorities to see if a permit is required). • Arrange for cooperative buying whenever possible. • Request recycled-content corrugated cardboard that delivers excellent wet strength performance. Often packaging products with higher recycled content aren’t as white, however purchasing them helps to assure that there will be a market for the cardboard that you recycle! • Evaluate your bottling operations for opportunities to reduce bottle waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3 United States Department of Agriculture Recycling Material Exemption
    $SSHQGL[ 8QLWHG6WDWHV'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH5HF\FOLQJ0DWHULDO([HPSWLRQ USDA APHIS Recycling Material Exemption APHIS regulated garbage is unconsumed fresh fruit, vegetables, and meats, or other plant or animal (including poultry) material, and other refuse of any character whatsoever that has been associated with any such material. The following items, if offloaded from a conveyance as part of its waste stream, may be recycled under conditions as specified below and would not have to be handled as APHIS regulated garbage. Note that neither separation nor sorting of regulated garbage and recyclable material is allowed outside the conveyance. Also cans or containers commingled with or visibly contaminated with APHIS regulated garbage will be handled as regulated garbage. Cans, glass, and plastic containers (as long as they never held milk or other dairy products), if stored separately from food waste or other APHIS regulated garbage and are not required to be incinerated or sterilized. Bottles, including bottles with processed fruit or vegetables. Note that bottles containing fresh fruit may not be recycled, except beer and other drink bottles containing small pieces of fruit. Baled, clean, cardboard boxes or paper that are not contaminated with animal material and that are not meat, egg, or poultry containers if stored separately from APHIS regulated garbage. Boxes that are not recycled must be incinerated or sterilized. Cardboard boxes that have held fresh fruits or vegetables, which have been stored separately from APHIS regulated garbage. Boxes that are not recycled must be incinerated or sterilized. Outer boxes, such as those that contained plastic milk jugs, are unrestricted and are not required to be incinerated or sterilized.
    [Show full text]
  • Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock
    TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH LIVESTOCK A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF EMISSIONS AND MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES NGE THROUGH LIVESTOCK A TE CH A CKLING CLIM Ta TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH LIVESTOCK A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF EMISSIONS AND mitigation OPPortunitieS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2013 Recommended citation Gerber, P.J., Steinfeld, H., Henderson, B., Mottet, A., Opio, C., Dijkman, J., Falcucci, A. & Tempio, G. 2013. Tackling climate change through livestock – A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome. Photo credits Cover and page 15: @SIE-Masterfile Page 1: @FAO/Giulio Napolitano Page 5: @FAO/Noah Seelam Page 23: @FAO/Giulio Napolitano, Vasily Maximov, Jim Holmes, Florita Botts, Tariq Tinazay Page 45: @iStockphoto.com/Kickers Page 59: @FAO/Ishara Kodikara Page 83: @International Telecommunication Union The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • FMD Response Plan: the Red Book (Updated October 2020) Reflects Knowledge and Lessons Learned During These Activities
    adose October 2020 USDA APHIS, Veterinary Services National Preparedness and Incident Coordination Center By the end 2015, the United States experienced its largest Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) outbreak—highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)—in history. Subsequent to the 2015 HPAI outbreak, APHIS has tested its response capabilities with FAD outbreaks in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, as well as the planning and execution of the 2018 ARMAR (Agriculture Response Management and Resources foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) functional exercise. This version of the USDA APHIS FMD Response Plan: The Red Book (Updated October 2020) reflects knowledge and lessons learned during these activities. Additionally, this version incorporates changes made in related Foreign Animal Disease Preparedness and Response Plan (FAD PReP) materials. The following list highlights important revisions that were made to this version of the FMD Response Plan. • Reflects policy that explicitly recognizes vaccine as a likely response tool in an FMD outbreak. • Reflects the new National Response Framework, released June 2019. • References and includes the latest text of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code. • Includes new surveillance sections, revised by the Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health. • Provides revised templates for epidemiology questionnaires and State FMD vaccine planning. • Streamlines content into four chapters specific to FMD: 1) general information; 2) national roles, responsibilities, and authorities; 3) response goals and strategy; and 4) critical response activities. • Includes critical activity “Essentials” sidebars, highlighting available training resources and often overlooked planning considerations. • Incorporates policy guidance prepared for ARMAR on managing a National movement standstill. • Corrects comments made on, and any errors identified in, the prior version.
    [Show full text]
  • The Animal Industry and Animal Uses
    The Animal Industry and Animal Uses OR YEARS, animals have affected how humans live. Animals have versatile usesF in our society. They provide com- panionship, food, and clothing. Animals are vital to all of us, no matter where we live in the country. The animal industry is not only important but also large and thriving. Objectives: þ 1. Define the animal industry and its important areas. 2. Describe uses of animals. Key Terms: Ñ animal industry animal supplies livestock animal marketing beef mutton animal processing companion animals pork animal production draft animals poultry animal services lamb veal The Animal Industry and Its Important Areas In response to public demand, many products and services have emerged to assure that ani- mals receive the care that promotes their well-being and livelihood. Whether raising an animal to maturity for its meat value or caring for a pet, we must recognize that animals are unique and require a great deal of care and assistance for optimal health and value. The animal industry is all the activities in producing animals and their products or benefits to meet the needs of people. These industry activities strive to catalyze animal production for maximum E-unit: The Animal Industry and Animal Uses Page 1 u AgEdLibrary.com Copyright © by CAERT, Inc. — Reproduction by subscription only. 020062 human benefit. With these activities, the animal industry has expanded to become very broad as well as vast. The animal industry is broken down into three major areas: production, sup- plies and services, and marketing and processing. PRODUCTION The animal production area of the animal industry primarily produces animals for food and other uses.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective—The Case of Pigs and Poultry
    sustainability Article Bridging Gaps in the Agricultural Phosphorus Cycle from an Animal Husbandry Perspective—The Case of Pigs and Poultry Michael Oster 1, Henry Reyer 1, Elizabeth Ball 2, Dario Fornara 2 ID , John McKillen 2, Kristina Ulrich Sørensen 3, Hanne Damgaard Poulsen 3, Kim Andersson 4, Daniel Ddiba 4, Arno Rosemarin 4, Linda Arata 5 ID , Paolo Sckokai 5 ID , Elizabeth Magowan 2 and Klaus Wimmers 1,6,* ID 1 Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (H.R.) 2 Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, Co Down BT26 6DR, UK; [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (D.F.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (E.M.) 3 Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; [email protected] (K.U.S.); [email protected] (H.D.P.) 4 Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, 10451 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] (K.A.); [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (A.R.) 5 Dipartimento di Economia agro-alimentare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; [email protected] (L.A.); [email protected] (P.S.) 6 Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 8, 18059 Rostock, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-38208-68-600 Received: 15 April 2018 ; Accepted: 29 May 2018 ; Published: 1 June 2018 Abstract: Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Solid Waste Management and the Environment
    Background Information An Introduction to Solid Waste Management and the Environment Humans have always produced trash and have always disposed of it in some way, so solid waste management is not a new issue. What has changed are the types and amounts of waste produced, the methods of disposal, and the human values and perceptions of what should be done with it. In the past, refuse was typically discarded in the most convenient manner possible with little regard to its effects on human health or the environment. Before modern notions of hygiene developed, city streets were typically open sewers that bred diseases such as cholera and dysentery. Even until the middle of the twentieth century, household trash was commonly disposed of and burned in open dumps that were neighborhood eyesores, emitted offensive odors, and attracted rats and other vermin. Chemical wastes were often haphazardly stored in on-site industrial piles or treatment ponds. Particularly noxious waste might be buried, but few controls existed to keep the toxic substances in them from seeping into nearby surface water or contaminating groundwater. Over the past few decades, Americans have become increasingly concerned about not only the management and disposal of waste but also the difficulty of balancing the benefits of a healthy environment with the economic costs of achieving those benefits. Conflict often arises over what disposal methods should be used, whether costs of certain disposal methods outweigh benefits (or vice versa), and who should bear the economic burden. Many factors must be considered when discussing the topic of waste management: Economic, political, environmental, personal, and ethical issues all play major roles in the decision-making process.
    [Show full text]
  • MEETING DATE: 05/06/2021 ITEM: 4 ADDENDUM TOWN of LOS GATOS GENERAL PLAN UPDATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT REPORT DATE: Ma
    TOWN OF LOS GATOS MEETING DATE: 05/06/2021 ITEM: 4 GENERAL PLAN UPDATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ADDENDUM REPORT REPORT DATE: May 5, 2021 TO: General Plan Update Advisory Committee FROM: Joel Paulson, Community Development Director SUBJECT: Forward a Recommendation to the Planning Commission and Town Council for Adoption of the Draft 2040 General Plan. REMARKS: Attachment 4 contains comments from Committee Members. Attachment 5 contains public comments received after the completion of the Staff Report. ATTACHMENTS: Attachments previously received with the May 6, 2021 Staff Report: 1. Draft 2040 General Plan 2. GPAC Revised Vision and Guiding Principles 3. Committee Member Comments Attachments received with this Addendum: 4. Committee Member Comments 5. Public Comment PREPARED BY: JENNIFER ARMER, AICP Senior Planner 110 E. Main Street Los Gatos, CA 95030 ● 408-354-6832 www.losgatosca.gov This Page Intentionally Left Blank From: Todd Jarvis Sent: Saturday, May 1, 2021 8:37 AM To: Alexa Nolder Cc: Jennifer Armer; Joel Paulson; Sally Zarnowitz; Jocelyn Fong Subject: RE: Guidance from Chair--finishing the work of the GPAC Importance: High Dear Committee: After careful review of the Public Facilities, Services, and Infrastructure Element, I found the chapter including all subsections to be consistent with the Vision and Guiding Principles. Element 6 is well done and complete in my opinion. Beyond the scope of this review were two small things that I want to note. On page 2 of element six, the definition of aquifer refers to “a usable supply for people’s uses.” Although technically correct, the word people may not conform to customary uses of water relating to an aquifer.
    [Show full text]