DOCSLIB.ORG

Interagency Ecological Site

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Interagency Ecological Site Interagency Ecological Site Handbook for Rangelands January 2013 Authors Dan Caudle Homer Sanchez Rangeland Management Specialist Rangeland Management Specialist (retired) Natural Resources Conservation Service Natural Resources Conservation Service Fort Worth, TX Fort Worth, TX Curtis Talbot Jeff DiBenedetto Rangeland Management Specialist Ecologist Natural Resources Conservation Service Forest Service Lincoln, NE Billings, MT Michael “Sherm” Karl Inventory and Monitoring Specialist/Rangeland Ecologist Bureau of Land Management Denver, CO January 2013 Page 1 Table of Contents SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 6 A. Purpose of Handbook ............................................................................................................. 6 B. Legal Authorities, Agency Policy, and Technical Guidance ............................................... 6 1. Bureau of Land Management (BLM)………………………………………………………..6 2. Forest Service (FS) ................................................................................................................. 7 3. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) .................................................................. 8 C. Interagency Uses of Ecological Sites...................................................................................... 8 D. Interagency Coordination ...................................................................................................... 9 SECTION 1.1 ECOLOGICAL SITE RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING HIERARCHIES .................................................................................................................... 10 SECTION 2.0 ECOLOGICAL SITE CLASSIFICATION CONCEPTS .............................................. 12 A. Background............................................................................................................................ 12 B. Defining the Site Concept ..................................................................................................... 12 C. Interpreting Ecological Dynamics of the Site ..................................................................... 14 1. Components of a State-and-Transition Model .......................................................................... 15 2. General Considerations in Producing State-and-Transition Models ........................................ 19 D. State Change versus Change in Ecological Site .................................................................. 20 SECTION 3.0 CLASSIFICATION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICAL SITES .............................................................................................................................. 21 A. Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 21 B. Classification and Differentiation of an Ecological Site ..................................................... 21 SECTION 3.1 STEPS FOR CLASSIFICATION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF ECOLOGICAL SITES .............................................................................................................................. 23 Establish Local Work Groups ................................................................................................... 23 SECTION 3.1.1 PRELIMINARY STAGES ......................................................................................... 23 A. Define Geographic/Ecological Extent ................................................................................... 23 B. Gather Background Information .......................................................................................... 24 January 2013 Page 2 C. Evaluate Existing Data .......................................................................................................... 24 D. Conduct Reconnaissance—Low Intensity Traverses.......................................................... 25 E. Develop State-and-Transition Model Concepts ................................................................... 25 F. Develop Sampling Strategy .................................................................................................... 26 G. Select Sampling Methods ...................................................................................................... 26 SECTION 3.1.2 ITERATIVE STAGES ................................................................................................ 27 A. Data Collection—Medium Intensity Sampling ................................................................... 27 B. Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 28 C. Define Differentiating Characteristics of Ecological Sites ................................................. 28 D. Field Test the Classification .................................................................................................. 28 SECTION 3.1.3 FINAL STAGE ............................................................................................................ 29 A. Data Collection—High Intensity Sampling ......................................................................... 29 B. Develop Management Interpretations .................................................................................. 30 C. Correlation .............................................................................................................................. 30 D. Quality Control and Assurance ............................................................................................ 30 1. Quality Control ......................................................................................................................... 30 2. Quality Assurance ..................................................................................................................... 30 E. Certification ............................................................................................................................ 31 F. Publish the Ecological Site Description ................................................................................ 31 SECTION 3.2 ECOLOGICAL SITE KEY ............................................................................................. 32 SECTION 3.3 DESCRIBING STATES AND COMMUNITY PHASES OF ECOLOGICAL SITES ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 SECTION 3.4 DATA STORAGE .......................................................................................................... 34 SECTION 3.5 ECOLOGICAL SITE NAMING CONVENTION ......................................................... 34 SECTION 3.5.1 COMMUNITY PHASE NAMING CONVENTION ................................................. 35 January 2013 Page 3 SECTION 3.6 REVISION OF ECOLOGICAL SITE DESCRIPTIONS ............................................. 35 SECTION 4.0 DELINEATION AND MAPPING OF ECOLOGICAL SITES ................................... 36 SECTION 4.1 ECOLOGICAL SITES AND ECOLOGICAL UNIT HIERARCHY MAPPING ........ 37 SECTION 5.0 CONTENTS OF ECOLOGICAL SITE DESCRIPTIONS .......................................... 38 A. Ecological Site Characteristics .............................................................................................. 38 1. Site Name: ................................................................................................................................. 38 2. Site ID: ...................................................................................................................................... 39 3. Hierarchical Classification Relationships ................................................................................. 39 B. Physiographic Features.......................................................................................................... 39 C. Climatic Features ................................................................................................................... 39 D. Influencing Water Features .................................................................................................. 40 E. Representative Soil Features ................................................................................................. 40 F. States and Community Phases .............................................................................................. 40 1. Ecological Dynamics of the Site: .............................................................................................. 40 2. State-and-Transition Diagram: .................................................................................................. 41 3. Photos:....................................................................................................................................... 41 4. Narrative: .................................................................................................................................. 41 5. Supporting Community Phase Documentation:........................................................................ 42 6. Community Phase Composition: .............................................................................................. 42 7. Annual Production: ..................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1
    ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico ______________________________________________________________________________ 2003 A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1 Esteban Muldavin, Paul Neville, Paul Arbetan, Yvonne Chauvin, Amanda Browder, and Teri Neville2 ABSTRACT A vegetation classification and high resolution vegetation map was developed for Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico to support natural resources management, particularly fire management and rare species habitat analysis. The classification and map were based on 400 field plots collected between 1999 and 2002. The vegetation communities of Carlsbad Caverns NP are diverse. They range from desert shrublands and semi-grasslands of the lowland basins and foothills up through montane grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands of the highest elevations. Using various multivariate statistical tools, we identified 85 plant associations for the park, many of them unique in the Southwest. The vegetation map was developed using a combination of automated digital processing (supervised classifications) and direct image interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and IKONOS). The map is composed of 34 map units derived from the vegetation classification, and is designed to facilitate ecologically based natural resources management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5 ha minimum map unit size (NPS national standard). Along with an overview of the vegetation ecology of the park in the context of the classification, descriptions of the composition and distribution of each map unit are provided. The map was delivered both in hard copy and in digital form as part of a geographic information system (GIS) compatible with that used in the park.
    [Show full text]
  • Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona
    Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, and J. Malusa. 2014. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A flora of southwestern Arizona. Part 6. Poaceae – grass family. Phytoneuron 2014-35: 1–139. Published 17 March 2014. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA Part 6. POACEAE – GRASS FAMILY RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165, Tucson, Arizona 85717 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 JIM MALUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] ABSTRACT A floristic account is provided for the grass family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona. This is the second largest family in the flora area after Asteraceae. A total of 97 taxa in 46 genera of grasses are included in this publication, which includes ones established and reproducing in the modern flora (86 taxa in 43 genera), some occurring at the margins of the flora area or no long known from the area, and ice age fossils. At least 28 taxa are known by fossils recovered from packrat middens, five of which have not been found in the modern flora: little barley ( Hordeum pusillum ), cliff muhly ( Muhlenbergia polycaulis ), Paspalum sp., mutton bluegrass ( Poa fendleriana ), and bulb panic grass ( Zuloagaea bulbosa ). Non-native grasses are represented by 27 species, or 28% of the modern grass flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Habits of Rodents Inhabiting Arid and Semi-Arid Ecosystems of Central New Mexico." (2007)
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Special Publications Museum of Southwestern Biology 5-10-2007 Food Habits of Rodents Inhabiting Arid and Semi- arid Ecosystems of Central New Mexico Andrew G. Hope Robert R. Parmenter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/msb_special_publications Recommended Citation Hope, Andrew G. and Robert R. Parmenter. "Food Habits of Rodents Inhabiting Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems of Central New Mexico." (2007). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/msb_special_publications/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum of Southwestern Biology at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Publications by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY NUMBER 9, pp. 1–75 10 May 2007 Food Habits of Rodents Inhabiting Arid and Semi-arid Ecosystems of Central New Mexico ANDREW G. HOPE AND ROBERT R. PARMENTER1 Special Publication of the Museum of Southwestern Biology 1 CONTENTS Abstract................................................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Study Sites ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Mexico Range Plants
    New Mexico Range Plants Circular 374 Revised by Christopher D. Allison and Nick Ashcroft1 Cooperative Extension Service • College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences New Mexico contains almost 78 million acres, more than 90 percent of which is in native vegetation grazed by domestic livestock and wildlife. The kinds of plants that grow on a range, along with their quality and quan- tity, determine its value. A successful rancher knows the plants on his or her range. There are more than 3,000 species of plants in New Mexico. The 85 discussed here are most important to the livestock industry. Most of these are native plants. RANGELAND AREAS OF NEW MEXICO Figure 1 represents the major rangeland areas in New Mexico. The northern desert, western plateau, and high valley areas are enough alike to be described together, as are the central and high plains areas and the southern desert and basin. Southern Desert and Basin 36 - New Mexico and Arizona Plateaus and Mesas 37 - San Juan River Valley, mesas and Plateaus The southern desert and basin occupies much of south- 39 - Arizona and New Mexico Mountains 41 - Southeastern Arizona Basin and Range 42 - Southern Desertic Basins, Plains and Mountains ern New Mexico at elevations between 3,000 and 5,000 48 - Southern Rocky Mountains 51 - High Intermountain Valleys feet. This area follows the Rio Grande north into the 70 - Pecos/Canadian Plains and Valleys southern part of Sandoval County. 77 - Southern High Plains Some of the most common plants are creosote bush (Larrea tridentata [DC.] Coville), mesquite (Prosopis Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Native Grasses of California
    HILGARDIA A Journal of Agricultural Science Published by the California Agricultural Experiment Station VOLUME 17 APRIL, 1947 NUMBER 9 CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIVE GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA ALAN A. BEETLE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HILGARDIA A Journal of Agricultural Science Published by the California Agricultural Experiment Station VOL. 17 APRIL, 1947 NO. 9 DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIVE GRASSES OF CALIFORNIA1 ALAN A. BEETLE2 THE grasses, supplemented by certain legumes, form the principal basis for range wealth. The natural forage value of the Gramineae as a whole makes an intensive study of their characteristics important, for the broader the knowledge concerning them the more readily may any problem be met. The following paper presents a picture of the current distributions of grasses in California, together with evidences of their floral origins by migration from other regions. Vegetation has many characteristics which are not always apparent at first glance. For instance, certain elements of the vegetation are native in their location, some are native elsewhere and have only recently been introduced. Some are old species often representative of a primitive condition in their genus, still others appear to be recently evolved. Some of the migrants arrived in California from the north during glacial periods, some crossed the ocean, and others came from the south during interglacial periods. Some plants are distributionally restricted for a number of reasons, including: (1) specialization as to habitat or environmental repression, as the species of vernal pools; (2) recent origin (plants sometimes referred to as neoendemics or initiates), as the endemic varieties of Distichlis spicata; (3) ancient origin (paleoendemics or relics); and (4) genotypic specialization (genetic endemics).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf
    LabLab MManualanual ttoo tthehe Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros Flora of New Mexico Lab Manual to the Flora of New Mexico Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros University of New Mexico Herbarium Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001 October 2009 Contents page Introduction VI Acknowledgments VI Seed Plant Phylogeny 1 Timeline for the Evolution of Seed Plants 2 Non-fl owering Seed Plants 3 Order Gnetales Ephedraceae 4 Order (ungrouped) The Conifers Cupressaceae 5 Pinaceae 8 Field Trips 13 Sandia Crest 14 Las Huertas Canyon 20 Sevilleta 24 West Mesa 30 Rio Grande Bosque 34 Flowering Seed Plants- The Monocots 40 Order Alistmatales Lemnaceae 41 Order Asparagales Iridaceae 42 Orchidaceae 43 Order Commelinales Commelinaceae 45 Order Liliales Liliaceae 46 Order Poales Cyperaceae 47 Juncaceae 49 Poaceae 50 Typhaceae 53 Flowering Seed Plants- The Eudicots 54 Order (ungrouped) Nymphaeaceae 55 Order Proteales Platanaceae 56 Order Ranunculales Berberidaceae 57 Papaveraceae 58 Ranunculaceae 59 III page Core Eudicots 61 Saxifragales Crassulaceae 62 Saxifragaceae 63 Rosids Order Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae 64 Rosid I Order Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae 65 Order Fabales Fabaceae 66 Order Fagales Betulaceae 69 Fagaceae 70 Juglandaceae 71 Order Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae 72 Linaceae 73 Salicaceae 74 Violaceae 75 Order Rosales Elaeagnaceae 76 Rosaceae 77 Ulmaceae 81 Rosid II Order Brassicales Brassicaceae 82 Capparaceae 84 Order Geraniales Geraniaceae 85 Order Malvales Malvaceae 86 Order Myrtales Onagraceae
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Resource Management Plan
    APPLETON-WHITTELL RESEARCH RANCH COORDINATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN The Research Ranch was established in 1968 by the Appleton family as an ecological field station to provide a large scale exclosure by which various land uses and actions in the Southwest could be evaluated. This role, as a control or reference area, creates challenges to land management actions. Each proposed action must be judged not only on the conservation outcome but also on the potential to have adverse impact on the research values for which the field station was established. Effective management for both conservation and research is only possible if all partners are informed and involved. The Research Ranch, approximately 8,000 acres, is a complicated partnership among land owners and federal land administrative agencies: Coronado National Forest (CNF), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Resolution Copper Mining Co. (RCM), The Research Ranch Foundation (TRRF), The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and National Audubon Society (NAS or Audubon). NAS manages the facility via contractual agreements with each entity. The Research Ranch is a Center/Sanctuary of NAS, administered through the Audubon Arizona state office in Phoenix. Audubon’s strategic plan is to achieve conservation results on a broad scale by leveraging the NAS network and engaging diverse people; the Research Ranch is evaluated by NAS for its support of the following conservation concerns: Climate Change, Water, Working Lands and Bird Friendly Communities. This Coordinated Resource Management Plan (CRMP) constitutes all ownership along with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Arizona Game & Fish Department (AZGF) and US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS). Planned practices to meet goals listed in this CRMP may not necessarily be implemented on all parcels.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Aspects of the Natural Historyof the Capitan and Jicarilla Mountains and Sierra Blanca Region of New Mexico William C
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/15 Some aspects of the natural historyof the Capitan and Jicarilla mountains and Sierra Blanca region of New Mexico William C. Martin, 1964, pp. 171-176 in: Ruidoso Country (New Mexico), Ash, S. R.; Davis, L. R.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 15th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 195 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1964 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture
    Vascular Plant Species of the Comanche National Grassland in United States Department Southeastern Colorado of Agriculture Forest Service Donald L. Hazlett Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-130 June 2004 Hazlett, Donald L. 2004. Vascular plant species of the Comanche National Grassland in southeast- ern Colorado. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-130. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 36 p. Abstract This checklist has 785 species and 801 taxa (for taxa, the varieties and subspecies are included in the count) in 90 plant families. The most common plant families are the grasses (Poaceae) and the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Of this total, 513 taxa are definitely known to occur on the Comanche National Grassland. The remaining 288 taxa occur in nearby areas of southeastern Colorado and may be discovered on the Comanche National Grassland. The Author Dr. Donald L. Hazlett has worked as an ecologist, botanist, ethnobotanist, and teacher in Latin America and in Colorado. He has specialized in the flora of the eastern plains since 1985. His many years in Latin America prompted him to include Spanish common names in this report, names that are seldom reported in floristic pub- lications. He is also compiling plant folklore stories for Great Plains plants. Since Don is a native of Otero county, this project was of special interest. All Photos by the Author Cover: Purgatoire Canyon, Comanche National Grassland You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross Border Waters: Fragile Treasures for the 21St Century
    This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Riparian Vegetation on the Rio Saota Cruz, Sonora Gilberto Solis-Garza1 and Philip Jenkins2 Abstract.-Though riparian areas are infrequent, they have economic, ecological and social significance because they provide useful products; water, forage, firewood, protection to wildlife, increase in water quality and quantity, and erosion control. How­ ever, the ability of a given site to provide this range of products is dependent upon the quality of the vegetation present. Studies related to the abiotic factors and biotic factors and to survey the number of species present in the Rio Santa Cruz (RSC) are few. The objectives of this paper is to create a species lists based on existing vegetation in the RSC. The vegetation diversity was obtained from 10 representative sites along the river, each 20 x 50 meters. A total of 149 species in 104 genera and 38 families were found. The most diverse families were Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae. The largest genera were Machaeranthera, Eragrostis and Ipomea. Herbaceous species averaged 70.5%, grasses 18.1 %, trees 7.4%, and shrubs 4.0%. Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding willow (Salix gooddingii) were the most frequent tree species on the sites. Preliminary investigations indicated that 40.2% of the cottonwood trees are 10 or more decimeters in basal diameter basal (15 em above the ground). This can be due to perturbations that impact the younger plants. Loss of seed viabil­ ity, intolerance of lowering of water tables, and livestock grazing are examples.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Southwestern Arizona
    Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, and J. Malusa. 2014. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A flora of southwestern Arizona. Part 6. Poaceae – grass family. Phytoneuron 2014-35: 1–139. Published 17 March 2014. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA Part 6. POACEAE – GRASS FAMILY RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165, Tucson, Arizona 85717 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 JIM MALUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] ABSTRACT A floristic account is provided for the grass family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona. This is the second largest family in the flora area after Asteraceae. A total of 97 taxa in 46 genera of grasses are included in this publication, which includes ones established and reproducing in the modern flora (86 taxa in 43 genera), some occurring at the margins of the flora area or no long known from the area, and ice age fossils. At least 28 taxa are known by fossils recovered from packrat middens, five of which have not been found in the modern flora: little barley ( Hordeum pusillum ), cliff muhly ( Muhlenbergia polycaulis ), Paspalum sp., mutton bluegrass ( Poa fendleriana ), and bulb panic grass ( Zuloagaea bulbosa ). Non-native grasses are represented by 27 species, or 28% of the modern grass flora.
    [Show full text]
  • F • 1 T I I the GRAMA GRASSES: BOUTELOUA and RELATED
    f ■ • 1 t I I THE GRAMA GRASSES: BOUTELOUA AND RELATED GENERA. By David Griffiths. INTRODUCTION. BASIS AND METHODS OF THE WOKE. It was during the writer's connection with the University of Arizona in 1900 that work was begun on this group of plants. Preparations were then made to grow the plants under cultivation at the University in a region where the species predominate in the grass flora and form the main feed upon public and private stock ranges. A change of location caused a change of the plan of work. Since 1901 the writer's studies in the field have been carried on during extensive travel on behalf of the Department of Agriculture for the study of the public stock ranges and other purposes. In addition, travel has been per- formed extensively in Mexico under conditions which have allowed good opportunity for study. The material in the following herbaria has been examined: United States National Herbarium, Gray Herbarium, herbarium of the Mis- souri Botanical Garden, herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences (before the fire), and the private herbaria of Brandegee and Tracy. But while the collections in these herbaria were studied, the work is based mainly upon the material in the United States National Herbarium, and the specimens listed are almost entirely from that repository. During his visit to Europe in 1907, Prof. A. S. Hitchcock secured, through the kindness of the directors of the herbaria there, fragments of several typical or authentic specimens for deposit in the National Herbarium.
    [Show full text]