DOCSLIB.ORG

Chloridoideae Paul M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship@Claremont Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 43 2007 Classification and Biogeography of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae Paul M. Peterson National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. J. Travis Columbus Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Susan J. Pennington National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, Paul M.; Columbus, J. Travis; and Pennington, Susan J. (2007) "Classification and Biogeography of New World Grasses: Chloridoideae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 43. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/43 Aliso 23, pp. 580–594 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden CLASSIFICATION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF NEW WORLD GRASSES: CHLORIDOIDEAE PAUL M. PETERSON,1,3 J. TRAVIS COLUMBUS,2 AND SUSAN J. PENNINGTON1 1Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA; 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Subfamily Chloridoideae (Poaceae) in the New World includes 72 genera (61 native, 11 introduced), 678 species (607 native), and, including intraspecific taxa, 817 total taxa. The five largest genera are Muhlenbergia (147 species), Eragrostis (111), Sporobolus (76), Bouteloua (57), and Chloris (35). Three tribes are recognized in this study: Cynodonteae, Eragrostideae, and Zoysieae, with ten, three, and two subtribes, respectively. Cynodonteae, the largest tribe, comprise 58 genera and 451 species (67% of all New World chloridoids), including 25 genera (98 species, 22% of all New World Cyno- donteae) with unknown affinities (incertae sedis). In Mexico, the USA, and Canada there are 477 native and introduced chloridoid species (70% of all New World species), whereas in Central America (including the Caribbean) and South America there are 196 and 304 species, respectively. Mexico is the center of diversity with 343 species (51%). There appear to be five biogeographical patterns exhibited by New World chloridoid species: (1) North America, centered in northern Mexico and the southwestern USA, (2) southern South America, centered in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, (3) northwestern South America, centered in Ecuador and Peru, (4) amphitropical disjuncts, occurring in North America and southern South America, and (5) widespread species, oc- curring in North America, Central America, and South America. Subtribes Boutelouinae (Bouteloua) and Muhlenbergiinae are predominantly North American, whereas Eragrostidinae (Eragrostis) and Chloridinae are better represented in the southern South American center. Two subtribes of Cynodon- teae, Gouiniinae and Hilariinae, are described as new, and two others, Orcuttiinae and Traginae, are newly treated at that rank. Key words: biogeography, Chloridoideae, classification, Poaceae, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION in Chloridoideae (Gutierrez et al. 1974; Brown 1977; Hat- tersley and Watson 1992). Ecologically, there appears to be The grass (Poaceae) subfamily Chloridoideae was first some separation in habitat preference according to C sub- validly published in 1833 by Carl Traugott Beilschmied, a 4 type (Ellis et al. 1980; Hattersley 1992). Taxa possessing the German botanist and pharmacist, who used an earlier de- NAD-ME subtype seem to prefer habitats that are relatively scription of sect. Chlorideae by Kunth (1815). That same year, Kunth (1833) published his Agrostographia Synoptica hot and dry. In cross section, their leaf blades exhibit col- in which he recognized the following genera in the group umns of colorless cells between the vascular bundles, which (Chlorideae): Chloris, Ctenium, Cynodon, Dactyloctenium, promote involution of the blade during drought stress, re- Eleusine, Eustachys, Gymnopogon, Harpochloa Kunth, Lep- ducing transpirational water loss (P. M. Peterson pers. obs.). tochloa, Microchloa, Pleuraphis, Schoenefeldia Kunth, In comparison, PCK taxa seem to prefer more mesic habitats Spartina, Triplasis, and eight genera now treated as syno- (e.g., in canyons, under canopy of forest margins, and along nyms of Bouteloua. Clearly our modern understanding of creeks), and their blades are usually flat and soft, with the Chloridoideae is much greater, and there now appear to be chlorenchyma continuous between vascular bundles (Peter- more than 1420 species in the subfamily worldwide. Later son 2000). The PCK subtype is thought to represent an apo- isonyms of the subfamily were published by Burmeister morphy in grasses because this C4 cycle appears to be a (1837) and Rouy (1913), and, as currently circumscribed, modification of the NAD-ME subtype (Hattersley and Wat- Chloridoideae include genera that were placed in Eragros- son 1992). In addition, the PCK subtype is known only to toideae (Pilger 1956) and Pappophoroideae (Burmeister occur in grasses, whereas the NAD-ME subtype is also 1837). found in other monocot and dicot families (Hattersley and The core species in the subfamily share two structural Watson 1992; Peterson and Herrera-Arrieta 2001). synapomorphies: all exhibit Kranz or C4 leaf anatomy(except Other character trends in chloridoids include a base chro- Eragrostis walteri Pilg. from South Africa; Ellis 1984) and mosome number of x ϭ 10 (a plesiomorphy), fruits (cary- most have chloridoid bicellular microhairs (broad, short ter- opses) with nonlinear hilums that are usually punctiform or minal cell the same thickness as the basal cell) present on small, embryos with elongated mesocotyl internodes, and leaf surfaces. Two main subtypes of C4 photosynthesis, two non-membranous (fleshy) lodicules (Soreng and Davis NAD-ME (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide co-factor ma- 1998; Grass Phylogeny Working Group [GPWG] 2001). lic enzyme) and PCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), However, most of these character trends are seen in the have been found and verified by biochemical assay to occur closely related subfamilies Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, VOLUME 23 New World Chloridoideae 581 Table 1. Classification of New World Chloridoideae and number Table 1. Continued. of species per genus. * ϭ endemic genus. i ϭ all species in genus introduced. Taxon No. species Taxon No. species Leptothrium Kunth 1 Lepturidium Hitchc. & Eckman* 1 Tribe CYNODONTEAE (syn. Chlorideae) Neesiochloa Pilg.* 1 Subtribe BOUTELOUINAE Neobouteloua Gould* 2 Neyraudia Bouteloua Lag.* 57 Hook. f. i 1 Pappophorum Schreb.* 8 Subtribe CHLORIDINAE Rheochloa Filg., P. M. Peterson, & Y. Herrera* 1 Chloris Sw. 35 Saugetia Hitchc. & Chase* 2 Cynodon Rich. 16 Scleropogon Phil.* 1 Enteropogon Nees 4 Sohnsia Airy Shaw* 1 Eustachys Desv. 12 Swallenia Soderstr. & H. F. Decker* 1 Microchloa R. Br. 2 Trichoneura Andersson 3 Trichloris E. Fourn. ex Benth.* 2 Tridens Roem. & Schult.* 16 Triplasis P. Beauv.* 2 Subtribe ELEUSININAE Tripogon Roem. & Schult. 2 Eleusine Gaertn. 4 Triraphis R. Br. 2 Subtribe Gouiniinae Tribe ERAGROSTIDEAE Gouinia E. Fourn. ex Benth. & Hook. f.* 10 Subtribe COTTEINAE Vaseyochloa Hitchc.* 1 Cottea Kunth* 1 Subtribe Hilariinae Enneapogon Desv. ex P. Beauv. 2 Hilaria Kunth* 7 Subtribe ERAGROSTIDINAE Pleuraphis Torr.* 3 Cladoraphis Franch. i 1 Subtribe MONANTHOCHLOINAE Eragrostis Wolf 111 Distichlis Raf. 6 Pogonarthria Stapf i 1 Monanthochloe Engelm.* 2 Steirachne Ekman* 2 Reederochloa Soderstr. & H. F. Decker* 1 Subtribe UNIOLINAE Subtribe MUHLENBERGIINAE Fingerhuthia Nees ex Lehm. i 1 Aegopogon Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 4 Tetrachne Nees i 1 Bealia Scribn.* 1 Uniola L.* 5 Blepharoneuron Nash* 2 Tribe ZOYSIEAE Chaboissaea E. Fourn.* 4 Lycurus Kunth* 3 Subtribe SPOROBOLINAE Muhlenbergia Schreb. 147 Calamovilfa (A. Gray) Hack. ex Scribn. & Pereilema J. Presl* 4 Southw.* 5 Redfieldia Vasey* 1 Crypsis Aiton i 3 Schaffnerella Nash* 1 Spartina Schreb. 15 Schedonnardus Steud.* 1 Sporobolus R. Br. 76 Subtribe MUNROINAE Subtribe ZOYSIINAE Dasyochloa Willd. ex Rydb.* 1 Zoysia Willd. i 3 Erioneuron Nash* 3 Munroa Torr.* 5 Subtribe Orcuttiinae Danthonioideae, and Panicoideae. A recent morphological Neostapfia Burtt Davy* 1 and ecological description of the subfamily is given in Orcuttia Vasey* 5 GPWG (2001). Some salient features include: plants herba- Tuctoria Reeder* 3 ceous, rarely woody, occurring in dry climates, sheaths usu- ally nonauriculate, inflorescence paniculate, racemose, or Subtribe Traginae spicate, spikelets bisexual or unisexual (plants monoecious Tragus Haller i 4 or dioecious) with one to many fertile florets, usually later- Willkommia Hack. 1 ally compressed, usually disarticulating above the glumes, Incertae sedis palea well developed, lodicules usually two, fleshy, ovary Acrachne Wight & Arn. ex Chiov. i 1 glabrous, styles and stigmas two, caryopsis with pericarp Allolepis Soderstr. & H. F. Decker* 1 often free or loose, hilum short, endosperm hard, without Blepharidachne Hack.* 4 lipid, embryo with an epiblast (usually), scutellar cleft, and Ctenium Panz. 10 elongated mesocotyl internode. Dactyloctenium Willd. i 5 Dinebra Jacq. i 1 In this paper, based on the latest phylogenetic evidence, Gymnopogon P. Beauv. 12 we introduce a new tribal and subtribal
Recommended publications
  • 16.20 TRIPOGON Roem. & Schult.^ 16.22 DINEBRA Jacq.^ 16.21

    16.20 TRIPOGON Roem. & Schult.^ 16.22 DINEBRA Jacq.^ 16.21

    "^•^ 16.23 CYNODONTEAE • Eragrostis 201 16.20 TRIPOGON Roem. & Schult.^ Pi per or ann; csp or tufted. Clm 4-65 cm, erect, slender. keeled or rounded, ape lobed or bifid, mucronate or Lvs linear, flat, usu becoming folded and filiform; lig awned from between the lobes, lat veins smt also memb, ciliate. Infl tml, unilat linear spikes or spikelike excurrent, awns usu straight; anth 1-3. rcm, with 1 spklt per nd, exceeding the lvs; rchs visible, Tripogon is a genus of approximately 30 species, most of not concealed by the spklt. Spklt appressed, in 2 rows which are native to the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere, along 1 side of the rchs, with 3-20 bisx fit, distal fit strl especially Africa and India. One species, Tripogon spicatus, is or stmt; dis above the glm and between the fit. Glm native to the Western Hemisphere. unequal, l(3)-veined; Im 1-3-veined, backs sHghtly 1. Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman AMERICAN TRIPOGON [p. 435, 532] Tripogon spicatus grows in shallow rocky soils, usually on granite range includes the West Indies, Mexico, and South America, in outcroppings, occasionally on limestone. The flowering period, addition to central Texas. April-July (October, November), apparently depends on rainfall. Its 16.21 TRICHONEURA Andersson^ Pi ann or per. Clm 12-155 cm, nd glab, intnd sohd. Lig each other, narrow, ape acuminate and mucronate, memb; bid linear, narrow, usu flat. Infl tml, pan of 5-40 awnlike, or awned; cal well-developed, strigose; Im 3- racemosely arranged, spikelike br, exceeding the lvs; br veined, conspicuously hairy adjacent to and on the lat spreading to appressed, persistent, unilat, with 1 spklt veins, ape cleft, midveins excurrent from the sinuses, per nd.
  • Download This PDF File

    Download This PDF File

    REINWARDTIA published by Herbarium Bogoriense - LBN. Bogor Vol. 10, Part 2, pp. 115 — 117 (1085) AEGOPOGON (GRAMINEAE) IN MALESIA J. F. VELDKAMP Kijksherbarium; Leiden, the Netherlands ABSTRACT AeyopoyoiL ceucliroides Willd. var. cenchroides is recorded for the first time from Malesian area based on a collection from Mt. Michael (Papuu New Guinea). A description is provided. ABSTKAK Aegopogou cenchroides Willd. var. emtchrvkles direkam untuk perfcamu kali dari Kawasan Malesia, berdasarkan koleksi dari Gummg Michael 'Papua Nugini). Sebuah pertelaan disajikan. In June 1979 Mr. K. Kerenga, Lae, Papua New Guinea, visited the summit of Mt, Michael, ca. 3750 m high. Among his collections was a curious grass (LAE 74443), .said to cover large areas by sprawling, which has turned out to be Aegopogon cenchroides Willd. var. cenchroides. Neither the species, not the genus was so far known from Malesia, and as I think existing descriptions may not always be within reach of Malesian botanists a short generico-specific description is given here based on the New Guinea collection. The plant is especially conspicuous for the one-sided panicle with paired, much-bristled spikelets that drop off as small burs. The genus of three species is restricted to subtropical America, while our species occurs from Northern Mexico to Bolivia and Venezuela. This distribution would seem to make introduction hardly likely on a mountain only rarely visited by local people and even less outsiders. The latter would be mainly Australian, but the genus has not yet been reported from that continent (Simon in Techn. Bull. Bot. Br. Dept. Prim. Industr., Brisbane 3: 1—89.
  • A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)

    A Phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae Including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae)

    Peterson, P.M., K. Romaschenko, and Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2020. A phylogeny of the Hubbardochloinae including Tetrachaete (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae). Phytoneuron 2020-81: 1–13. Published 18 November 2020. ISSN 2153 733 A PHYLOGENY OF THE HUBBARDOCHLOINAE INCLUDING TETRACHAETE (CYNODONTEAE: CHLORIDOIDEAE: POACEAE) PAUL M. PETERSON AND KONSTANTIN ROMASCHENKO Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected]; [email protected] YOLANDA HERRERA ARRIETA Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA Durango, C.P. 34220, México [email protected] ABSTRACT The phylogeny of subtribe Hubbardochloinae is revisited, here with the inclusion of the monotypic genus Tetrachaete, based on a molecular DNA analysis using ndhA intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, rps16- trnK, and ITS markers. Tetrachaete elionuroides is aligned within the Hubbardochloinae and is sister to Dignathia. The biogeography of the Hubbardochloinae is discussed, its origin likely in Africa or temperate Asia. In a previous molecular DNA phylogeny (Peterson et al. 2016), the subtribe Hubbardochloinae Auquier [Bewsia Gooss., Dignathia Stapf, Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Hubbardochloa Auquier, Leptocarydion Hochst. ex Stapf, Leptothrium Kunth, and Lophacme Stapf] was found in a clade with moderate support (BS = 75, PP = 1.00) sister to the Farragininae P.M. Peterson et al. In the present study, Tetrachaete elionuroides Chiov. is included in a phylogenetic analysis (using ndhA intron, rpl32- trnL, rps16 intron, rps16-trnK, and ITS DNA markers) in order to test its relationships within the Cynodonteae with heavy sampling of species in the supersubtribe Gouiniodinae P.M. Peterson & Romasch. Chiovenda (1903) described Tetrachaete Chiov. with a with single species, T.
  • A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1

    A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1

    ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico ______________________________________________________________________________ 2003 A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1 Esteban Muldavin, Paul Neville, Paul Arbetan, Yvonne Chauvin, Amanda Browder, and Teri Neville2 ABSTRACT A vegetation classification and high resolution vegetation map was developed for Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico to support natural resources management, particularly fire management and rare species habitat analysis. The classification and map were based on 400 field plots collected between 1999 and 2002. The vegetation communities of Carlsbad Caverns NP are diverse. They range from desert shrublands and semi-grasslands of the lowland basins and foothills up through montane grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands of the highest elevations. Using various multivariate statistical tools, we identified 85 plant associations for the park, many of them unique in the Southwest. The vegetation map was developed using a combination of automated digital processing (supervised classifications) and direct image interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and IKONOS). The map is composed of 34 map units derived from the vegetation classification, and is designed to facilitate ecologically based natural resources management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5 ha minimum map unit size (NPS national standard). Along with an overview of the vegetation ecology of the park in the context of the classification, descriptions of the composition and distribution of each map unit are provided. The map was delivered both in hard copy and in digital form as part of a geographic information system (GIS) compatible with that used in the park.
  • Improving Our Understanding of Environmental Controls on the Distribution of C3 and C4 Grasses STEPHANIE PAU*, ERIKA J

    Improving Our Understanding of Environmental Controls on the Distribution of C3 and C4 Grasses STEPHANIE PAU*, ERIKA J

    Global Change Biology (2013) 19, 184–196, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12037 Improving our understanding of environmental controls on the distribution of C3 and C4 grasses STEPHANIE PAU*, ERIKA J. EDWARDS† andCHRISTOPHER J. STILL‡§ *National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA, †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA, ‡Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060, USA, §Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5752, USA Abstract A number of studies have demonstrated the ecological sorting of C3 and C4 grasses along temperature and moisture gradients. However, previous studies of C3 and C4 grass biogeography have often inadvertently compared species in different and relatively unrelated lineages, which are associated with different environmental settings and distinct adaptive traits. Such confounded comparisons of C3 and C4 grasses may bias our understanding of ecological sorting imposed strictly by photosynthetic pathway. Here, we used MaxEnt species distribution modeling in combination with satellite data to understand the functional diversity of C3 and C4 grasses by comparing both large clades and closely related sister taxa. Similar to previous work, we found that C4 grasses showed a preference for regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation compared with grasses using the C3 pathway. However, air temperature differences were smaller (2 °C vs. 4 °C) and precipitation and % tree cover differences were larger (1783 mm vs. 755 mm, 21.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively) when comparing C3 and C4 grasses within the same clade vs.
  • A Vegetation Map of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New

    A Vegetation Map of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New

    ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico 1 Esteban Muldavin, Paul Neville, Charlie Jackson, and Teri Neville2 2006 ______________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY To support the management and sustainability of the ecosystems of the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP), a map of current vegetation was developed. The map was based on aerial photography from 2000 and Landsat satellite imagery from 1999 and 2001, and was designed to serve natural resources management planning activities at an operational scale of 1:24,000. There are 20 map units distributed among forest, shrubland, grassland, and wetland ecosystems. Each map unit is defined in terms of a vegetation classification that was developed for the preserve based on 348 ground plots. An annotated legend is provided with details of vegetation composition, environment, and distribution of each unit in the preserve. Map sheets at 1:32,000 scale were produced, and a stand-alone geographic information system was constructed to house the digital version of the map. In addition, all supporting field data was compiled into a relational database for use by preserve managers. Cerro La Jarra in Valle Grande of the Valles Caldera National Preserve (Photo: E. Muldavin) 1 Final report submitted in April 4, 2006 in partial fulfillment of National Prak Service Award No. 1443-CA-1248- 01-001 and Valles Caldrea Trust Contract No. VCT-TO 0401. 2 Esteban Muldavin (Senior Ecologist), Charlie Jackson (Mapping Specialist), and Teri Neville (GIS Specialist) are with Natural Heritage New Mexico of the Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico (UNM); Paul Neville is with the Earth Data Analysis Center (EDAC) at UNM.
  • Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona

    Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: a Flora of Southwestern Arizona

    Felger, R.S., S. Rutman, and J. Malusa. 2014. Ajo Peak to Tinajas Altas: A flora of southwestern Arizona. Part 6. Poaceae – grass family. Phytoneuron 2014-35: 1–139. Published 17 March 2014. ISSN 2153 733X AJO PEAK TO TINAJAS ALTAS: A FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA Part 6. POACEAE – GRASS FAMILY RICHARD STEPHEN FELGER Herbarium, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 & Sky Island Alliance P.O. Box 41165, Tucson, Arizona 85717 *Author for correspondence: [email protected] SUSAN RUTMAN 90 West 10th Street Ajo, Arizona 85321 JIM MALUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85721 [email protected] ABSTRACT A floristic account is provided for the grass family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona. This is the second largest family in the flora area after Asteraceae. A total of 97 taxa in 46 genera of grasses are included in this publication, which includes ones established and reproducing in the modern flora (86 taxa in 43 genera), some occurring at the margins of the flora area or no long known from the area, and ice age fossils. At least 28 taxa are known by fossils recovered from packrat middens, five of which have not been found in the modern flora: little barley ( Hordeum pusillum ), cliff muhly ( Muhlenbergia polycaulis ), Paspalum sp., mutton bluegrass ( Poa fendleriana ), and bulb panic grass ( Zuloagaea bulbosa ). Non-native grasses are represented by 27 species, or 28% of the modern grass flora.
  • December 2012 Number 1

    December 2012 Number 1

    Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
  • Fauna Antófila De Vereda: Composição E Interações Com Flora Visitada

    Fauna Antófila De Vereda: Composição E Interações Com Flora Visitada

    MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO ______________________________________________________ FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Fauna antófila de vereda: composição e interações com flora visitada CAMILA SILVEIRA DE SOUZA Orientação: Drª Maria Rosângela Sigrist Co-orientação: Drª Camila Aoki Campo Grande - MS Abril/2014 1 MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO _______________________________________________________ FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Fauna antófila de vereda: composição e interações com flora visitada CAMILA SILVEIRA DE SOUZA Dissertação apresentada como um dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal junto ao colegiado de curso do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Orientação: Drª Maria Rosângela Sigrist Coorientação: Drª Camila Aoki Campo Grande Abril/2014 2 BANCA EXAMINADORA Drª Maria Rosângela Sigrist (Orientadora) (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS) ___________________________________________________________________ Dr. Rogério Rodrigues Faria (Titular) (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS) ___________________________________________________________________ Dr. Andréa Cardoso de Araújo (Titular) (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS) ___________________________________________________________________ Dr. Danilo Bandini
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017

    Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017

    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
  • Long-Term Growth Patterns of Welwitschia Mirabilis, a Long-Lived Plant of the Namib Desert (Including a Bibliography)

    Long-Term Growth Patterns of Welwitschia Mirabilis, a Long-Lived Plant of the Namib Desert (Including a Bibliography)

    Plant Ecology 150: 7–26, 2000. 7 © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Long-term growth patterns of Welwitschia mirabilis, a long-lived plant of the Namib Desert (including a bibliography) Joh R. Henschel & Mary K. Seely Desert Ecological Research Unit, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, Gobabeb Training and Research Centre, P.O. Box 953, Walvis Bay, Namibia (E-mail: [email protected]) Key words: Episodic events, Long-term ecological research, Namibia, Population dynamics, Seasonality, Sex ratio Abstract Over the past 14 years, long-term ecological research (LTER) was conducted on the desert perennial, Welwitschia mirabilis (Gnetales: Welwitschiaceae), located in the Welwitschia Wash near Gobabeb in the Central Namib Desert. We measured leaf growth of 21 plants on a monthly basis and compared this with climatic data. The population structure as well as its spatial distribution was determined for 110 individuals. Growth rate was 0.37 mm day−1, but varied 22-fold within individuals, fluctuating seasonally and varying between years. Seasonal patterns were correlated with air humidity, while annual differences were affected by rainfall. During three years, growth rate quadrupled following episodic rainfall events >11 mm during mid-summer. One natural recruitment event followed a 13-mm rainfall at the end of summer. Fog did not appear to influence growth patterns and germination. Plant loca- tion affected growth rate; plants growing on the low banks, or ledges, of the main drainage channel grew at a higher rate, responded better and longer to rainfall and had relatively larger leaves than plants in the main channel or its tributaries.
  • The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition Supplement II December 2014

    The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition Supplement II December 2014

    The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition Supplement II December 2014 In the pages that follow are treatments that have been revised since the publication of the Jepson eFlora, Revision 1 (July 2013). The information in these revisions is intended to supersede that in the second edition of The Jepson Manual (2012). The revised treatments, as well as errata and other small changes not noted here, are included in the Jepson eFlora (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). For a list of errata and small changes in treatments that are not included here, please see: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/JM12_errata.html Citation for the entire Jepson eFlora: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year] Citation for an individual treatment in this supplement: [Author of taxon treatment] 2014. [Taxon name], Revision 2, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year]. Copyright © 2014 Regents of the University of California Supplement II, Page 1 Summary of changes made in Revision 2 of the Jepson eFlora, December 2014 PTERIDACEAE *Pteridaceae key to genera: All of the CA members of Cheilanthes transferred to Myriopteris *Cheilanthes: Cheilanthes clevelandii D. C. Eaton changed to Myriopteris clevelandii (D. C. Eaton) Grusz & Windham, as native Cheilanthes cooperae D. C. Eaton changed to Myriopteris cooperae (D. C. Eaton) Grusz & Windham, as native Cheilanthes covillei Maxon changed to Myriopteris covillei (Maxon) Á. Löve & D. Löve, as native Cheilanthes feei T. Moore changed to Myriopteris gracilis Fée, as native Cheilanthes gracillima D.