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Coverage of Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean

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Coverage of Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean coverage of drug trafficking and organized crime in Latin America and the caribbean h AUSTIN FOR 8t UM ON JO U R N A L IS M I N T H E A M E R I C A S 0 1 0 2 , h t 8 1 d n a h t 7 1 r e b m e t p e s coverage of drug trafficking 2 and organized crime in Latin America and the caribbean INDEX KNIGHT CENTER FOR JOURNALISM IN THE AMERICAS PROLOGUE ��������������������������������������������������������3 OPEN SOCIETY FOUNDATIONS PROLOGUE �����������������������������������4 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE 8TH AUSTIN FORUM ON JOURNALISM IN THE AMERICAS �����������������������������������5 CHAPTER 1 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 COVERAGE OF DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN By Tyler Bridges CHAPTER 2 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME IN THE AMERICAS: MAJOR TRENDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY By Bruce Bagley CHAPTER 3 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31 IS THERE AN INDEPENDENT JOURNALISTIC NARRATIVE ON DRUGS? THE STRANGE PARADOXES OF DRUG COVERAGE IN THE NEWS By Alvaro Sierra CHAPTER 4 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53 MEXICO: THE NEW SPIRAL OF SILENCE AN INVESTIGATION BY FUNDACIÓN MEXICANA DE PERIODISMO DE INVESTIGACIÓN MEPI By MEPI Foundation CHAPTER 5 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������62 THE DRUG WAR IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA: METAPHORS AND PARADOXES By Samuel González Ruiz coverage of drug trafficking 3 and organized crime in Latin America Knight Center for Journalism and the caribbean in the AmeriCAs proLogue A CONTRIBUTION TO JOURNALISTS COVERING DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANIZED CRIME Drug trafficking and organized crime are a By global plague with ramifications that cannot Rosental Calmon Alves be understood through the traditional, body- count-based local coverage. Its coverage poses some of the most difficult challenges The 8th Austin Forum on Journalism journalists face in this hemisphere nowadays. in the Americas started hours after the assassination of a 21-year-old This book contains a series of articles by photojournalist of the Ciudad Juarez journalists and experts analyzing dilemmas newspaper El Diario. (Another young journalists face as they cover this topic in the journalist, an intern, barely survived the Americas. But they try also to delineate the same attack.) The shocking news gave real dimensions of the problem. The book is a gloomy tone to the conference, where divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, almost 50 journalists and experts would Tyler Bridges, a veteran U.S. correspondent discuss the coverage of drug trafficking and in Latin America, presents his account of organized crime in many countries of Latin the two days of discussions in Austin; in America and the Caribbean. It became a the second, University of Miami’s Professor dramatic reminder of the seriousness and Bruce Bagley explains the major trends of complexity of the forum’s topic. drug trafficking and organized crime in the region, from his academic perspectives; in Reporters and editors risk their lives, and the third, Colombian journalist Alvaro Sierra many have been killed in the line of duty, talks about the “the strange paradoxes of as they tried their best to inform about the the drug coverage in the news;” the fourth activities of criminal organizations. Mexico chapter shows the findings of a study on the has become the most dangerous country “spiral of violence” that is silencing the press for journalists, who found themselves as in Mexico; and the fifth chapter is an analysis targets, in the middle of the crossfire of of the drug trafficking problem in Mexico and the so-called drug wars, especially on the Central America by Samuel Gonzalez, former border with the United States but also in Mexican Chief Prosecutor Against Organized many other regions. Drug trafficking and Crime. organized crime, however, is a widespread problem, affecting virtually all countries in We at the Knight Center for Journalism in Latin America and the Caribbean. the Americas are grateful for the immense support and inspiration given by the Open As we found out during the Austin Forum Society Foundations, through their Latin discussions, it is not only extremely dangerous American and Media programs, and hope this to cover this issue, but also very complex to book becomes a contribution to journalists in explain its real dimensions and implications. Latin America and the Caribbean. coverage of drug trafficking 4 and organized crime in Latin America open soCiety and the caribbean foundAtions proLogue JOURNALISTS, VITAL TO WIN THIS BATTLE AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME We present in this report a summary of the open society the deliberations of nearly 50 journalists foundations at the Austin forum and academics from Latin America and the Caribbean to discuss media coverage The Open Society Foundations have been of organized crime and drug trafficking collaborating with the Knight Center for in the continent. The Open Society Media Journalism in the Americas in defining Program and Latin America Program, in topics for debate among professionals conjunction with the Knight Center for since 2007. In an effort to facilitate Journalism in the Americas at the University learning among fellow journalists, and of Texas at Austin, gathered this group in combining forces to find solutions for some the hope that efforts such as these benefit of the salient problems that journalism the journalism community in understanding in Latin America faces, the Austin Forum the implications that organized crime has has addressed the topics of Freedom of on societies and local communities, and to Expression (2007), Investigative Journalism report on these implications. (2008), and new business models (2009). We trust that this report will raise the As a network of organizations and understanding that covering organized individuals with similar core values and crime requires a new approach, new understanding of the importance of tactics and new strategies. This is a global journalism for democracy, governance and phenomenon that knows no borders and justice, the Austin Forum is the perfect host that speaks all languages. As such, cross- for discussions and debates of this nature. border collaboration, and regional and global cooperation among those that try The Open Society Foundations wishes to to uncover the realities of this business, is thank Professor Rosental Alves and the fundamental. Journalists in the region are staff of the Knight Center for Journalism in re-thinking media coverage, and there is the Americas for their efforts on behalf of a need to go beyond the body count and the journalism community in the region. focus on an in-depth analysis of the issues. Also, the Open Society Foundations wishes to thank Tyler Bridges, author of the In the socio-political context of the most conference brief, and furthermore to Bruce affected regions, such as Mexico and Bagley, Alvaro Sierra, and Samuel Gonzalez Central America, with weak states and for the papers written for this conference. outrageous levels of impunity, it is all the Finally, thanks to all of the participants for more important for journalists to find their intelligent contributions and for their effective ways to send the message across passion. It gives us hope that independent, to societies that the role of journalists is vital quality journalism can play a role in solving to win this battle against organized crime. the problems facing Latin America. coverage of drug trafficking 5 and organized crime in Latin America and the caribbean PARTICIpaNTS OF THE 8th AUSTIN FORUM ON JOURNALISM IN THE AMERIcaS Algirdas Lipstas, Open Society Media Program Álvaro sierra, The University for Peace, Costa Rica Ana Arana, Mexican Foundation for Investigative Journalism Benoît hervieu, Reporters Without Borders (Americas Office),France Bruce Bagley, University of Miami Bruce shapiro, Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma Byron Buckley, Association of Caribbean Media Workers and Press Association of Jamaica Carlos Chamorro, Confidencial, Nicaragua Carlos dada, El Faro, El Salvador Cecilia Alvear, National Association of Hispanic Journalists Claudia méndez Arriaza, El Periódico, Guatemala Cristian Alarcón, Latin American Network of Judicial Journalists david holiday, Open Society Latin American Program david sasaki, Open Society Latin American Program dean graber, Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas dilmar rosas garcia, Latin American Center for Journalism, Panama francisco Vidal, Center for Journalism and Public Ethics, Mexico gabriel michi, Argentine Journalism Forum giannina segnini, La Nación, Costa Rica ginna morelo martínez, Newsroom Council, Colombia gordana Jankovic, Open Society Media Program gotson pierre, Alterpresse, Haiti gustavo gorriti, IDL Reporteros, Peru ingrid Bachmann, Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas James ian tennant, Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas Javier mayorca, Diario El Nacional, Venezuela Jennifer potter-miller, Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas Joseph Vavrus, Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas Juan Javier Zeballos, National Press Association, Bolivia Judith torrea, Blog Ciudad Juárez: en la sombra del narcotráfico Luis Botello, International Center for Journalists Luz maría helguero, Peruvian Network of Provincial Journalists
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