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TOME XV-1977. N° 4(Octobred4cembre) ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ET POLITIQUES INSTITUT D'ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES TOME XV-1977. N° 4(octobred4cembre) Le XXX° anniversaire de la République L'inclépendanceroumaine aspects politiques et culturels Economie et politique au XX slide EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!! SOCIALISTE ROMANIA www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de rédaction M. BERZA membre correspondant de l'Académie de la République SocialIste de Roumanie réclacteur en chef; ALEXANDRU DUTU rédacteur _en chef adjoint ; EM. CONDURACHI, A. ROSETTI, membres de l'Acadérnie de la République Sociallsté de Roumanle; H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI, membrescorrespondants de l'Académie de la RépubliqueSocialiste de Roumanie ;AL. ELIAN, VALENTIN GEORGESCU, FR. PALL, MIHAI POP, EUGEN STANESCU La REVUE DES gTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES paraft 4 fois par an. Toute com- mande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnement) sera adressée i ILEXIM, Export- Import (Presa), P. O. Box 136 137, telex 11226, str. 13 Decembrie n° 3, Bucuregti- Romania ou i ses représentants a l'étranger. La correspondance, les manuscrits et les publications (livres, revues, etc.) envoyés pour comptes rendus seront adressés i l'INSTITUT D'ÉTUDES SUD-EST EURO- PgENNES, Bucarest, sectorul 1, str. I. C. Frimu, 9, téléphone 50 7525. pour la REVUE DES tTUDES SUD-EST EUROPgENNES. Les articles seront remis dactylographiés en trois exemplaires. Les collaborateurs sont pries de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25 30 pages dactylo- graphiées pour les articles et de 5-8 pages pour les comptes rendus. EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Calea Victorlel n° 125, telephone 50 76 80, Bucuresti, 71021 Romania www.dacoromanica.ro TOME XV 1977 N°4 SOMMAIRE Le XXX° an,niversaire de la Elpublique OHEORGHE I. IONITA., L'instauration du régime républicain en Roumanie et son écho international 603 CRISTIAN POPI$TEANU, Permanent Feature,s of Romanian Diplomacy 633 ELISABETA PETREANU, La Roumanie et les relations interbalkaniques dans la période d'aprés-guerre 643 E'Indépendance rountaineaspects politiques et culturels ALEXANDRU DUTU, Die Entwicklung der ruminischen Kultur in der zweiten Halite des 19. Jhs 669 BARBARA JELAVICH (Bloomington), The Great Power Protectorate and Romanian National Development, 1856-1877 681 LUCIA TAFTA, Les Roumains et la lutte pour la libération nationale des peuple,s bal- kaniques 695 CONSTANTIN PRICOP, 1877, événement historique réalité littéraire 707 VICTORIA FRANCU, La participation de la Roumanie et de la Serbie it la guerre de 1877 reflétée dans le roman de Sofia NAdejde :i La tragédie des Obrénovitch* 719 DOINA ELENA FAGET, Bibliographies historiques roumaines et étrangéres des pays sud-est européens concernant les années 1875-1878 725 Economie et politique au Xr Mole GELCU MAKSUTOVICI, La solidarité du peuple roumain avec la lutte du peuple albanais pour l'indépendance (1877-1912) 737 ANGELO TAMBORRA (Roma), Nascita dell'Italia industriale e mondo balcanico dal 1900 al 1914 751 ERBAN RADOLESCU-ZONER, L'évolution des rapports entre la Roumanie et la Triple Alliance durant la crise bosniaque 765 Chronique ANCA IANCU, Echos de l'Institut des Etudes Sud-Est Européennesde Bucarest (juillet 1976 juin 1977) 783 REV. ÉTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XV, 4. P. 601-822, BUCAREST, 1977 www.dacoromanica.ro 602 Comptes rendus DIMITRIE CANTEMIR, Sistemul sau Intocmirea religiei muhamedane (C. Gidlner); ION PETR ICA, Confluente literare romAno-polone (a doua jumiltate a secolului al XIX-lea) (Andrei Pippidi); La littérature des peuples slaves et balkaniques de la fin du XIXe siècle débutdu XX°. Le réalisme et les autres courants (Anca frina lonescu); Sub semnul prieteniei frAte§ti romAno-bulgare. Sub semnul prieteniei frAte0i romAno-iugoslave (Pfau Vticu); La lutte antifasciste de libé- ration nationale du peuple albanais. Documents principaux, 1941-1944 (Nicolae Daccalu) 787 Notices bibliographiques 797 Table des matières, tome XV (1977) 815 www.dacoromanica.ro Le XXXe anniversaire de la République L'INSTAURATION DU REGIME REPUBLICAIN EN ROUMANIE ET SON ECHO INTERNATIONAL GHEORGHE I. IONITA 11 y aura bientôt trois décennies depuis l'instauration, le 30 Décembre 1947, de la République Populaire Roumaine, moment cardinal de l'histoire nationale du pays. <4 Toute la période allant du 23 Aoilt 4 la fin de 1947, est-il moray!) dans le Programme du Parti Commwniste Roumain adopté au Xle Congrès du Parti, se caractérise par de grands combats révolu- tionnaires qui ont conduit 4 la réalisation de profondes transformations sociales, à Paccomplissement d'une politique nationale de parfaite égalité en droits entre les nationalités, 4 une série de réformes économiques et sociales en faveur des masses populaires »1. Pendant ces anides, s'est déroulée une intense activité de recons- truction de l'économie nationale, Paccomplissement de la réforme agraire et d'autres réformes structurelles à caractère démocratique révolution- naire ; l'on a agi en vue d'une importance accrue du rôle de la classe ouvrière et de sa participation directe à la direction de Pactivité des entreprises. Cette étape a marqué Paccomplissement de la révolution populaire dé- m6cratique, l'instauration du pouvoir des ouvriers et des paysans, Pengage- ment du peuple roumain dans la voie de Pédification libre de son avenir. Pendant toutes ces grandes luttes des classes et tous ces mouvements révolutionnaires de masse, le Parti Communiste Roumain s'est afirm comme la force politique la plus importante de la Roumanie, accomplissant sa mission d'organisateur et de dirigeant de la classe ouvrière, des larges masses populaires qu'il a conduit 4 la victoire. La transformation de la Roumanie de monarchic constitutionnell-e en république populaire, le 30 Décembre 1947, a une double signification pour le peuple roumain. D'une part, cet acte historique a mis fin à la nionarchie institution anachronique qui, pendant presque huit décennies, a représenté la domination politique de la bourgeoisie et des grands pro- priétaires terriens, avec toutes ses conséquences néfastes pour les masses poimlaires. D'autre part, la proclamation de la République Populaire Roumaine a marquégrace aux conditions historiques concrètes elle s'est accomplie un bond qualitatif quant à l'essence de l'Etat la conclusion du processus de conquête du pouvoir d'Etat par la class e Progratrune du Ralf Communiste Roumain d'édification de la société socialiste multilaté- ratement développée el d'avance de la Roumanie vers le communisme, Editura Meridiane, Bucarest, 1975, p. 52. REV. eTUDES SUD-EST EUROP., XV, 4, P, 603-632, BUCAREST, 1977 www.dacoromanica.ro 604 OH. I. roNITA 2 ouvrière alliée A, la paysannerie ouvriére et aux autres catégories de tra- vaffieurs. Les pages de l'histoire de la Roumanie conservent d'une façon indélébile la réalité, A, savoir, qu'au courant de l'année 1947, suite aux transformations révolutionnaires-démocratiques accomplies jusqu'alors, le rapport des forces.entre les classes a changé de fond en comble en faveur de la classe ouvrière et des autres travailleurs. Le Parti Communiste était devenu le parti politique le plus grand et influent, et l'unification des socio-démocrates avec les communistes dans le cadre d'un parti unique, marxiste-léniniste, était entrée dans la, phase de sa réalisation pratique. En méme temps, s'est accrue dans le cadre de Palliance entre les ouvriers et les paysans le rble dirigeant de la class° ouvrière, tandis que dans les rangs de la paysannerie se déroulait le processus de délimitation de ses catégories sociales fondamentales, intéressées d'une manière objective dans l'avance, aux c6tés du prolétariat, vers la révolution socialiste. Les éléments bourgeois des villages out été graduellement éloignés de la, direction du Frontul Plugarilor (Front des laboureurs) organisation révolutionnaire de la paysannerie , des coopératives d'approvisionnement et de vente, et des banques populaires. Suite aux transformations révolutionnaires survenues en Roumanie après le 23 Auht 1944, les principaux partis bourgeois réactionnaires ont disparu de la vie politique. Parallèlement aux succès marqués par les forces ouvrières et pay- sannes, au développement toujours plus évident de la révolution vers le socialisme, s'est accrue l'opposition des représentants de la bourgeoisie au Gouvernement. En 1947, ils essayèrent d'amener le gouvernement renoncer A, la politique de limitation des positions occupées par les capi- talistes dans l'économie du pays et aux mesures restrictives envers lea partis politiques réactionnaires ; ils s'opposérent aussi à, Pintroduction du_ contrede d'Etat sur l'activité des entreprises particulières. Toutes ces actions montraient que la collaboration des forces révolutionnaires ouvri- éres-paysannes avec les représentants de ce groupEment ne pouvait plus. continuer. Par la suite, le 5 novembre, l'Assemblée des Députés adopta une motion. de &fiance envers Gheorghe T5,t5rescu qui occupait lea fonctions de vice-président du gouvernement et titulaire du ministère des Affaires Etrangères. Le lendemain, tous les quatre ministres, auxquels s'ajoutèrent deux secrétaires d'Etat sympatisants de nta'rescu, ont démissionné. Le 7 novembre ont été nommés dans les postes vacant& les représentants du Parti Communiste Roumain (aux ministères des Affaires Etrangères, des Finances), du Parti Social-Démocrate (au mi- nistère des Travaux publics) et du Frontul plugarilor (au ministère des Cultes). Le renvoi des représentats du Parti National Libéral du gouverne- ment G. ntArescu signifia en méme temps l'élimination des éléments qui continuaient de
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