RO YAL M LIB

3 1 76 1 050 1 3 59 1 2

C O NT R IB U T IO NS OF T H E

R OY AL O NT AR IO M U S EU M O F Z O O LO G Y

o : S M E F R ES H - T ER I S H ES F B R I T I S H N . 9 O WA F O B Y DYM O D ‘ I R . CO LU M B A, J. N .

‘ Reprinted from Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries of B ritis h Columbid or the ear 1 f y 935 .

R 1 9 3 E 5 . L 60 R E P O R T O F T H C O M M I S S I O N E R O F F I S H E I E S ,

- H O LU MB A S O M E FRES H WATER FI S HES O F B RITI S C I .

D YM O D IR CTOR OYAL S M OF Z OOLOG Y T ORO TO O N T . B Y J . R . ND , E , R M U EU . , N ,

The f o llo wing notes are b a s e d la r g e ly o n specimens and in fo r ma t io n obtained in B ritish C f 2 6 9 2 o l umb ia during the summers o 1 9 and 1 8 , when the writer was engaged in a study of o f the trout and other game fishes of the Province . The results those stud ies so far as they 1 9 2 7 1 9 31 concern the trout have been reported elsewhere ( Dymond , , , and The specimens and information on which these notes are based were secured more o r less

o f . incidentally, which will explain the nature the present contribution

m l - o f During the sum er o f 1 9 2 6 no fi e d work was undertaken . Specimens trout and occasionally of other fresh - water species were sent for study by Officers o f the Federal and I Provincial Departments of Fisheries to the Pacific B iological Station at Nanaimo . n 1 92 8 the months o f June and July were spent in S outhern B ritish Columbia in visiting a number t o f lakes and s reams in connection with the trout studies . At that time I was accompanied

f . M c o . . . . . by C . C . Mottley , the B iological Board of Canada , and Messrs T B Kurata and E B S

Logier , o f the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology , to whom I wish to express my thanks f o r

fi - assistance in connection with the e ld work .

I am also indebted to D r . W . A . Clemens , D irector o f the Pacific B iological Station , for the opportunity of becoming acquainted at first hand with the fresh - water fish fauna of British

Columbia . The waters visited during 1 92 8 included Monroe Lake and other waters in the vicinity e n of Cranbrook , Kootenay Lak , and Kootenay River below Nel son as far as B o ningt on Falls , Va s e a ux a la a l a Christina Lake , Okanagan Lake , Lake , K m k Lake , Paul Lake , and Fish Lake we lt ze r S R near Kamloops , Cultus Lake , Chilliwack River above S Creek, tamp iver , D iver

Lake near Well ington , Cowichan Lake , Nanaimo River , and Horne Lake .

The most significant feature of the distribution of fresh - water fishes in B ritish Columbia o f is the striking contrast between the fauna the north and that of the south . The fish fauna o f the northern part of the Province has many features in common with that of the Great

Lakes , as the following list of genera and species common to these two ar e a s will indicate

Cr is tiv orner n am a cu s h L eu cich t h s Cor e onus c lu e a or mis Pr os o iu u a d il t e y , y , g p f , p m q r a r al e , Ch r o s omus e r t h r o a s t e r Co u es ius Es o oo luoius L o t a a cu los a y g , , , m , and Euca lia ino on s t ans . Of C ou e sius L o t a m a cu lo s a these , only two , and , are known to occur in the southern p art of the

Province , while there are found in the waters of that area many species quite distinct from

. Pr o any elements of the Great Lakes fauna Included among these are os pium williams oni,

M lo ch eilus caur inus Pt ch och eilus or e on en sis Rich ar d s onia s b a lt e a t us A o c y , y g , , and p op e fa lca t a .

These are part of a fauna which extends southward . The explanation of this difference S between the faunas of outhern and of Northern British Columbia may be partly ecological ,

but it is probably due more to the geological history of the areas .

E L A N N O TAT D I S T .

h e r ms t r id en t a t u s G air d n r En t o s e . p ( ) ( Sea lamprey . )

Specimens of this lamprey were taken from the M illstream at Nanaimo , V . I. , from the

Chilliwack River , and from the Slocan R iver at West Kootenay . C . Carl reports its occur rence in Beaver Lake , Stanley Park .

L a m e t r'a a r e s u p y ( Gunther) . Several specimens from Cultus Lake are in the collections of the Royal Ontario Museum

of Zoology .

ens e . Acip r 3 p ( Sturgeon . )

S turgeon are taken in the Kootenay River in the Creston D istrict and southward in t h e

V - United States in the icinity of Bonners Ferry , Idaho . Locally they are called rock sturgeon

a r e 1 0 0 1 - 50 . and said to average to lb in weight , but a 37 5 lb . specimen has been reported .

They are taken most commonly during high water in M ay and June .

- These sturgeon must be permanent fresh water residents , as it is impossible for them

to ascend from the sea . As no specimens were seen , I am unable to offer an opinion as to

the species . — - S O M E F R E S H WAT E R F I S H E S O F B . C .

A sturgeon weighing 1 7 1 1b . , possibly of marine origin , was killed below Bonnington

% 1 2 5 Falls by a blast of dynamite in April , 9 .

O n c or hyn ohus m e r ka kenn er lyi ( Suckley) . ( Kokanee . )

This landlocked sockeye occurs in many lakes in the Province . We have specimens from

Kootenay , Okanagan , Christina , and Woods Lakes , and it has been reported by reliable i k n lit h a a a l a observers as occurring in Shuswap , Adams , N s o , Arrow, Slocan , K l m k , Skah a ,

izz e zz l a h a n i a n Osoyoos , M u , Blue , Round , and Burns Lakes and from Sooke , Cowichan , S w g , 1 0 o n . 9 2 Nanaimo , Horne , and Cameron Lakes Vancouver Island B abcock ( ) records it 1 4 1 from Seton and Anderson Lakes , and Jordan ( 8 9 ) and Green ( 8 93 ) from Sh awniga n 1 9 % % Lake , Vancouver Island . D awson ( 8 7 ) refers to the occurrence of landlocked salmon 0 in Okanagan , Shuswap , and other large lakes , also in Canim Lake , 7 miles east of the 1 00

- fi M ile post on the Ca r ib o o Wagon road . The same sh , he said , was to be found in Lac la

n h il we c Hache . Ev e r m a n on the authority of Dr . D awson , records it from C o yu k

Lake ( north latitude near Fraser River ; Nicola , Francois , Fraser , Okanagan , Stuart , % E e r an n 1 t ico la k and Shuswap Lakes , and v m and Meek ( 8 98 ) from S uart and N La es .

Kokanees vary in size from lake to lake , and in the same lake from year to year . In w e o h Christina Lake , e were informed , the greatest w ight to which k kanees grow is 1 1 . , and n the smallest weight of adults about V5 lb . It is said that in any o e year the mature fish are 1 all of the same size . A few kokanees of a greater weight than lb . have been reported , but in general 1 lb . appears to be the maximum weight , while the average is considerably less .

The kokanee is important as a food for Kamloop s trout . Although o ur information on the food of the latter is rather meagre , what is available suggests that kokanees are a staple food of trout over 1 6 inches in length , and trout seldom grow larger than this in lakes from which kokanees are absent , unless other species of fish are present to take their place . The

Kokanee fills an important niche in the economy of lakes . It is a plankton feeder , and is thus a link between the smaller organisms and the large trout . In the absence of such a species it is doubted , as suggested above , whether trout usually grow much larger than 1 6 inches in length , the length at t which trout turn from a diet o f insects and other small organisms to fish . The conservation of the kokanee is therefore important from the stand

‘ f l mb i ake point o trout propagation . In British Co u a l s lacking an adequate supply O f trout

f r - food , this native plankton feeder should be preferred o introduction to non native species of the same habit . The abundance attained by kokanees in some waters is indicated by the fact that 1 4 tons of them have been seined in a single night in Christina Lake , about 1 8 98 or 1 8 9 9 . n 1 Two specimens and cm . long to e d of vertebral column ( 1 1 A? and 1 3 % inches 2 h 1 to fork of tail ) taken in Christina Lake June 7t , 928 , gave the following measurements in

- : - 22 - 1 per cent . of the body length to end of vertebral column Head length , ; head depth , 5 ;

- - 1 1 eye , snout , maxillary , body depth , body width , in case of female ,

- 1 6 in case of male ; caudal peduncle length , and depth dorsal fin with 1 0 o r 1 1 fully developed rays preceded by 2 or 3 shorter ones , its height 1 3 and base 1 1 ; anal with 1 4 fully 2 1 0 1 3 developed rays preceded by shorter ones , its height and base ; pectoral , 1 7 ; ventral ,

2 1 31 —1 32 - b r anch io st e a l 1 — 4 1 3 ; caudal , 2 ; scales , ; gill rakers , g s , 3 1 .

a o S lm ga ir drt er ii Rich ardson . ( Steelhead )

% In previous account of this species ( Dymond , 1 932 ) it is stated that it is not known R b ut how far steelheads ascend from the sea in the Fraser iver , it is probable that few , if ’ % . N . e w o e any , penetrate beyond Hell s Gate I have been informed , however , by Mr W . A . c mb , wa s who stationed at the Gate for the Provincial Government , during several seasons when % the salmon were running , that it was well known by us working at the Gate that the steelhead could force his way through when the various species of O n c or h n c hus would have . y % - . u at to give up He further states that during the hold p the Gate in the earlier years ,

1 1 — - 9 3 1 6 , the fish were detained for much longer p eriods below and the Indians were still

t o ff . S permitted fish with nets and ga teelhead were taken by them quite often , especially in October , and other runs were reported to be at the Gate early in the year ( January and a t h e ‘ o o r t un it Febru ry) , but I have never had pp y of personally checking these statements .

’ % Mr . Newcombe s statements are corroborated by Mr . C . P . Hickman , assistant to the wh o Commissioner of Fisheries , says that at the time of the first discovery of the obstruction 1 9 35 . L 6 2 R E P O R T O F T H E C O M M I S S I O N E R O F F I S H E R I E S ,

to salmon a t t h e F r aser Canyon I was be tween Camp 1 6 and North Bend from early in October 9 1 It t o t until Decembe r 1 5 t h in 1 3 . was a common occurrence see s eelhead plough right % t h ough the swift water , where a sockeye could not begin to negotiate it . The localities represented by specimens in the collections o f the Royal Ontario Mu se um — o f Zoology are : In the Skeena d rainage Skeena River at Prince Rupert , B abine River and

e z ia d in Cl uc ulz o n t — t Lake , M River , Lakelse River , and Lake ; Rivers Inle Ha chery Creek ; ’ — h e a kam us o n Howe Sound C River , Daisy Lake , Lake Marie , and Deadman s Lake ; in the — Fraser drainage Upper Pitt River , Fraser River below M ission B ridge , B irkenhead Creek o n at Pemberton Hatchery , Chilliwack River , Cultus Lake , and Harrison River ; Vancouver — Island Cameron Lake , Lower Campbell Lake , Campbell River , Great Central Lake , Oliver ’ t o Creek ( Cowichan ) , Cowichan River , Stamp Falls , Comox Lake , B rown s River tributary

Pun t le dge River , Bevon , M illstream at Nanaimo . h ilukwe uk Lord ( 1 8 66 ) reported this species as common in the Fraser , C y , and Sumas % Rivers and in every stream along the mainland and island coasts up which salmon ascend .

He gave the average weight as 8 to 1 1 lb .

a l o ka m lo o s S m p Jordan . ( Kamloops trout . ) The collections of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology contain specimens of the Kamloops trout from the following waters : Kootenay Lake and River and Lardeau River ; l Okanagan Lake ; Farley, Fish , and M c Cu lo ugh Lakes , tribut ary to Okanagan Lake ; Chris f o r tina Lake , Kamloops Lake ; Paul , Pinantan , Knouf , and Fish Trout Lakes , and Tranquille

K ala alka Creek near Kamloops ; Quilchena Creek ; m , Sugar , and Haddow Lakes , Squaw l Valley Creek near Vernon ; Mara Lake , Adams and E ag e Rivers and Manson Creek , an d Ill e c ill e wae t tributaries Of Shuswap Lake ; Frog Lake Creek , Tumtum Creek , River , and Columbia River near Revelstoke ; Louis Creek , tributary of the North Thompson ; f Co q u ih all a River and its tributary , the N ico lum ; Thompson R iver 2 miles east o Lytton ; ilka e e n 1 - S im m River and Bear Lake , near Tulameen ; Clearwat er Lake near Hedley ; M ile and 5 - M ile Creeks near Princeton ; Fraser and Burns Lakes near Prince George ; Cunning ham Lake , tributary to Stuart Lake . Through fi sh - cultural Operations the Kamloops trout has been distributed t o many waters in British Columbia from which it was formerly absent .

a lm o ka mlo o s whit e h o u ei S p s Dymond . ( Mountain Kamloop s trout . ) This dwarf form of Kamloops trout which is found in small lakes at high altitudes was

1 31 6 - described ( 9 ) from specimens taken in M il e Lake near Nelson . Besides the type locality we s have specimen from Bear and Fish Lakes near Kaslo .

S a lm o cla r ion c la r kii - Richardson . ( Coast cut throat trout . )

The localities represented by specimens of this form in t h e collections o f the Royal Ontario Museum o f Zoology are as follows : Skeena drainage— Lakelse Lake and River ; — O wike n — Rivers Inlet drainage o Lake ; Fraser drainage Harrison River , Thomp son River ,

Swe lt z e r Upper Pitt River , Chilliwack R iver and Lake , Creek , Cultus Lake , Anderson Lake , 3 f — Stave Lake , miles east o Ashcroft in the Thompson River ; Vancouver Island Nimpkish

River , Lower Campbell Lake , Campbell River , Great Central Lake , Comox Lake , B evon ,

Alberni , D iver Lake , Wellington Lake , stream at Departure Bay , Cowichan Lake , Shaw ,

Mead , and Nixon Creeks ( Cowichan Lake ) , Tranquille Creek and Lake , Glendale River , m R Kennedy Lake and River , Sal on River , Oyster iver , Clayoquot River .

' S a lm o c la r kii le wis i ( Y - ( Girard ) ellowstone cut throat trout . ) This form is represented by specimens from Monroe Lake near Cranbrook and White

O f - River , a tributary Upper Kootenay . A few cut throats are reported as occurring in the upper reaches of the Columbia from Athalmer to Arrowhead , but I have seen n o specimens a nd o f le wis i a l e s t r i so cannot say whether they are the or p s variety . The trout o f this section o f the Province deserve careful study .

S a lm o c lar ion a l os t r is - p Dymond . ( Mountain cut throat trout . )

o f : The waters represented by specimens this form are The upper reaches of Isaac , fl R Frog , and Canyon Creeks owing into the Columbia iver near Revelstoke ; Crazy , Y ard , t o and Frog Creeks , tributary E agle River and Mabe l Lake in the Shuswap area ; in some - C . 63 S O M E F R E S H WAT E R F I S H E S O F B . L

small lakes on Griffin Mountain and in 6 - Mile and 9 - M ile Creeks fl owing into the West Arm of Kootenay Lake .

S a lm o t r u t t a Linnaeus . ( Brown trout . ) The brown trout has been introduced into the Cowichan Lake and River and into the 1 932 Little Qualicum River . The Annual Reports of the B iological B oard of Canada for

and subsequent years refer to these introductions . According to information supplied by o ne Dr . Clemens , specimens have been taken in both the Cowichan and Qualicum Rivers ;

o z . taken during the early summer of 1 936 was 1 5 inches in length and 1 lb . . in weight

ill . S a lv e linus fon tin a lis ( M it ch ) . ( E astern speckled trout ) The eastern speckled trout has been introduced into a number of waters of British

Columbia . We have specimens from Tumtum Creek , near Revelstoke and B oundary Lake , and it has been reported to us as occurring in Leviathan Lake near Kaslo and B ig Sheep Creek

m . near Grand Forks , and a small strea tributary to Okanagan Lake On Vancouver Island

it has been placed in Cowichan Lake and River , Spectacle Lake , and S omenos Lake .

L . Cr is tiv orne r n a m a y cus h ( W alb aum ) . ( Great ake trout )

This char , which appears to be common in the lakes of the northern part of the Province ,

is not found south of the Shuswap , in British Columbia . There are specimens in the Royal

Ontario Museum of Zoology from Lake Atlin and from Cunningham Lake , tributary to

Stuart Lake . E igenmann ( 1 8 9 5A) records the species from Golden and Revelstoke ’ head in the University s collection from 20 miles east of New Westminster , B . C . Jordan ( 1 8 8 9 ) had it from Canim Lake and Ev e r m a nn and Goldsborough ( 1 90 7 ) from Lake

L a d . Atlin , Tagish Arm , ake Bennett , n Summit Lake ( at White Pass ) We have reports from reliable observers o f the occurrence of the species in Victor and Three Valley Lakes near

S . GriffinLake , also in tuart , Fraser , and Francois Lakes in the north In the latter lake 60 it is said to reach a weight of lb .

l a m . S a lv e lirzus m a lrna (W a b u ) . ( Dolly Varden )

The Dolly Varden char seems to be generally distributed throughout the Columbia ,

Fraser , and Skeena River basins and on Vancouver Island . There are specimens in the R of collection of the oyal Ontario Museum Zoology from Kootenay Lake , Shuswap Lake , and

Scotch and Ross Creeks entering Shuswap Lake , E agle River , Kamloops Lake , Cultus Lake ,

1 - wik n 1 Mile Creek near Revelstoke , stream entering Sugar Lake , Upper Pitt River , O e o Lake , ’ Glendale River ( Knight Inlet) , Livingstone River ( Crow s Nest Forest Reserve ) , Seeley Lake

o o n K a ie n near Hazelt n , stream Island near Prince Rupert , and mouth of Salmon River

( Vancouver Island ) . O The species has also been reported by reliable bservers as occurring in Harrison Lake , ' h h Columbia R iver from Waneta and Arrow Lakes to Arrowhead , W a t s an Lake , Arrow Park

Lake , Slocan Lake , Goat River , Moyie Lake , St . Mary Lake , E lk River , White River ( a tribu f tary o the Kootenay) , Columbia Lake , Sugar and Mabel Lakes . B abcock , in Report Of the 1 90 2 Commissioner of F isheries for , reports it as occurring in Seton and Anderson Lakes . o f o n 2 8 t h 1 92 7 H . H . Beadnell , Comox , reported October , , that many D olly Vardens were

coming up from the sea with the cohoes , which he said was unusual ; some o f them weighed o f S a pound . C . Hearn , Skeena , reports the pecies as found in nearly all waters along the

lower reaches of the Skeena R iver watershed , ascending some of the larger tributaries such % as the Copper River in large numbers during early spring .

u 20 30 o f Proportionate meas rements of specimens cm . to end vertebral column ( 1 0 1 4

- inches to fork of tail ) are as follows , in per cent . of body length to end o f vertebral column

- 24 2 1 - 1 4— 1 6 Head length , ( head depth , ( ) eye , snout ,

8 1 3 1 1 - 2 1 1 7 - interorbital , maxillary , ( body depth , ( body width , 1 3

1 1 - 1 5 - ( caudal peduncle length , ( caudal peduncle depth , 9 ( 8 dorsal 8 1 0 1 2 — fin with to fully developed rays preceded by or shorter ones , its height 1 4 1 6 ) and base 1 2 1 1 anal fin with 7 or 8 fully developed rays preceded by 1 o r 2 shorter 1 2 t 1 6 1 5 ones , its height ( and base pec oral , ( ventral , 1 3 2 — 1 5 1 8 ( 1 5 ) caudal , snout to occiput , snout to dorsal in se r 52 tion , snout to ventral insertion , ( diagonal rows of scales , 1 9 35 L 6 4 R E P O R T O F TH E C O M M I S S I O N E R O F FI S H E R I E S , .

- . in 0 m t t o 5 3 e . o 2 2 2 ( 1 9 7 gill rakers , about mm long specimens

n i s t e al s 1 0 t o 1 2 1 3 o ne . e n d of vertebral column ; b r a c h o g , ( in specimen )

s B . L e u c ic h t hy s p us illu ( ean ) . ( Cisco )

There is a specimen o f cisco from Lake A t lin in t h e Provincial Museum , which has been 1 8 8 9 n provisionally id e nt ified as being of this species . Bean ( ) in his original descriptio

i s a r din e lla regards this fo rm as ve ry close if not iden t ical with t h e Asiat ic m c r k ( ) .

' o o ll W . C o r e g n us c l up o af r mis ( M it c h i ) . ( E astern hitefish )

The eas t ern W hi t efish has been planted in the waters o f British Columbia o n a numbe r

o it f o r f occasions , but in no instance has fulfilled the expectations of those responsible its

r int oduction .

l 1 9 2 - fi ve W On July 1 t h , 8 , we took seventy specimens of this hitefish in Okanagan Lake 1 1 4 1 . . opposite Kelowna . They ranged in length from and inches to fork of tail ( lb A? oz ) 1 e 3 2 1 - - t o inches . Th se were all taken in and 4 inch gill nets , although a length

- o f inches was included in the gang set . The nets were in the water about forty three

r hou s . The small size to which this species grows in Okanagan Lake , together with the com

a r a t i . p ve scarcity , is an indication that conditions here are far from ideal for it Their

scarcity is indica t ed by the failure of o u r nets t o take them o ff Summerland , and by the fact

that their presence in the lake was practically unknown . Th e stomach o f one of the specimens taken in our nets in Okanagan Lake contained a k number o f eggs , probably those of the Kamloop s trout . It is not nown whether the eggs were

r dead o not when eaten , and it is perhaps unfair to condemn a species on such evidence , but such an occurrence should serve as a reminder o f the dangers attendant on indiscriminate

introduction o f species into waters to which they are not native . The following statement with regard to the introduction of these Whitefish was supplied f me by Mr . Price E llison , o Vernon

I cannot remember the exact date that the above event took place , but it was somewhere

1 8 94 1 o ur between and 8 9 8 . I obtained the fry through Dominion Government member at wa s M a c ab b J . . N that time , Mr . Mara The Fish Commissioner at New Westminster named ,

and he told me that the eggs came from Selkirk and were hatched at New Westminster . They M a e i h were sent up here , under the care of a man named cN s , in galvanized containers holding ’ f M a c e ish s about 1 0 o r 1 2 gallons o water , having concave covers with a hole in the centre . N

orders were to put a p iece o f ice o n each cover , and not to touch them again until they arrived

- at Vernon . They were put in the express baggage car , and as it was early summer the ice 2 0 0 had all melted by the time they reached North Bend , about miles from New Westminster , ’ a e ish but M cN s orders were not to touch them until he arrived at Vernon , and he carried them n o u t by not placing more ice o the covers . By the time they reached here he was under the

impression that they were all dead . o ut However , I took them to the lake , and , according to instructions , they were deposited 1 o f in about 0 feet water , and whatever they were they all sank , so I concluded that there must be some life in them , but when I put my hand in the container I could not feel anything but water . They certainly were not fry , though possibly eggs hatched t o some extent . There were deposited in Okanagan Lake and in Long Lake , now known as l m % K a a alka Lake . ‘ The records of the Vancouver o fiice o f the Fisheries Branch contain the following record o f the distribution o f Whitefish in B ritish Columbia in 1 8 9 6

W a t e r s s t o ck e d . Coquitlam Lake Deer Lake Harrison Lake Pitt Lake Sh awn ig an Lake The fry were all distributed by the Fraser River Hatchery and came originally from

Selkirk . ‘ Although there is no o filcial record o f the distribution of W hitefish to Okanagan Lake in

‘ 1 8 9 6 : wa , it i s highly probable that such occurred in that year It s M aj or Allan Brooks , of % - B C . 6 5 S O M E F R E S H W AT E R F I S H E S O F . L

wa s E wh o wa s Okanagan Landing , wh o first told me that it Mr . llison instrumental in having

wa s 1 8 9 6 . Wh itefish planted in the lake , and the date given me by Major Brooks The annual reports of the Commissioner of F isheries for B ritish Columbia contain 1 1 1 1 9 1 fo r 1 90 references to introductions of the eastern Whitefish in 9 and 3 . In the report 7 occurs the following : I believe that great good would be accompl ished by the introduction of the Lake Superior % Whitefish to Kootenay , Okanagan , Shuswap , and Harrison Lakes . % In the 1 9 1 1 report it is recorded that the long- continued efforts of the Provincial Department looking to the establishment of the Whitefish Of the Great Lakes ( Co r e g ort us c lup e afor mis ) in the lake system tributary to the Fraser seem about to be crowned with

- succes s . A hatching battery is being established in the Harrison Lake Hatchery and a ship ment of eggs will be sent thither from the Dominion egg—taking stations during the next % d istribution . And again in 1 9 1 3 it is reported that the W h it e fi sh - eggs which through the courtesy of the United States Bureau o f F isheries were received from Put-in - B ay Station were successfully hatched at the Harrison Lake Hatchery of the Dominion Government and planted

- in Har r ison Lake . A further shipment of from the Dominion egg taking stations g in the E ast were also hatched and planted . 2 Introductions into Okanagan Lake were also made in the years 1 9 8 and 1 92 9 . In each ’ year approximately eggs were brought from the Fort Qu Appelle Hatchery to the

Summerland Hatchery . c l e a r s As previously indicated , Cor egom t s up fo mi is indigenous in Northern British S J . . Columbia . pecimens have been examined by D r . W . A . Clemens and Dr . . L Hart

Pr o s opium qu a dr ila t er a le ( R ichardson) . ( Round Wh itefish . )

This species , which occurs from New E ngland , through the Great Lakes region and

- f north westward , is confined , so far as present records o r British Columbia are concerned , to the extreme northern part of the Province . It has been recorded from Lake Bennett, Lake a r ib o o Ev e r m a nn Atlin , and C Crossing by and Goldsborough who remark that it is apparently the most abundant species of Whitefish in the headwaters of the Y ukon .

Two specimens from Lake Atlin , a male and female , and cm . long respectively to end of vertebral column , gave the following measurement ( in per cent . of the standard

- 1 9 - 4 length ) Head length , ; head depth , eye , ; snout , interorbital , maxillary ,

- - 1 4 - 4 - b ody depth , body width , ; caudal peduncle length , 1 ; caudal peduncle depth , o ne dorsal with twelve fully developed rays preceded by or two shorter ones , its height 1 1 1 and base anal with fully developed rays preceded by shorter ray , its height

and base pectoral length , ventral , caudal , adipose , 6 ; branch

l 8 97 - a 1 1 4 io st ega s , 7 or ; scales , ; gill rakers , pyloric c eca , 07 ( 0 The stomach 1 40 a l t of one of these specimens contained shells Of a snail V va a sp . E xcept in the greater f s a le m number o c s , these specimens closely resemble Great Lake speci ens of the same species .

r willia s o i P os opiurn m n ( Girard ) ( Rocky Mountain Whitefish . ) There are specimens of this species in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum of l lk Zoology from Kootenay Lake , Kootenay R iver at Slocan Pool , Okanagan Lake , Ka am a a R e Lake , Cultus Lake , Harrison Lake , Chilliwack iver , Columbia R iv r at Revelstoke , Adams

R iver , and E agle R iver . It has also been reported to us as occurring in Moyie and St . M ary E Lakes , and Goat and lk Rivers , Columbia Lake , Lake Windermere , Slocan Lake , Watshan S Lake , Arrow Lakes , Christina Lake , and in ugar and Mabel Lakes . E igenmann ( 1 8 9 5A) records it from the Columbia River at Golden and Revelstoke and

E er m a nn from Shuswap Lake at S icamous . v and Goldsborough ( 1 90 7 ) record it from

Kootenay Lake at Nelson . The collection consists o f twenty- six specimens ranging in size from 7 to inches in length ; the majority , however , are rather small , averaging 9 to 1 0 inches . The species appears to be very variable in body proportions , but none of the differences shown by the present collection are correlated in such a wa y as to indicate th at more than a single species is represented . While some of the differences may indicate the existence of local or geograph ical forms , the majority appear to be the result of individual differences in rates o f growth ,

- sex , and sexual maturity . Following are average measurements o f the various body parts 1 9 35 L 6 6 R E P O R T O F TH E C O M M I S S I O N E R O F F I S H E R I E S , .

- in percentages of t h e body length to end o f vert ebral column . The percentages in parentheses

- 2 1 2 ind ica t e t h e range o f variations shown by the present collection : Head length , ( 0 — t h e t u specimens wi t h heads 2 2 2 3 pe r cent . of total leng h are sually the larger , sexually in t e r rb i t o t a ls . matu re ind ividuals . Such specimens have long snou s and maxillaries and wide

- 1 3 e e 5 4 o f t Head dep th , ( y , ( The eye , course , is rela ively l arger in small t ind ividuals , but here seems to be considerable variation between specimens of the same size

t . 6 from d ifferent local ities , perhaps correlated with the transparency of the wa er Snout,

the snout is especially long in older , sexually mature individuals , reaching in the 1 - o f case O f the 1 8 /z inch individual , a ripe female , per cent . the standard length ; inter

6 6 - 2 1 1 8 - 1 3 l o orbital , ( 5 maxillary , ( 5 body depth , ( body width , ( r larger , sexually mature individuals have much deeper and wider bodies than small , immatu e

- 4 1 2 - ones ; caudal peduncle length , 1 ( caudal peduncle depth , Dorsal fin 1 — 1 with 1 1 to 1 3 fully developed rays preceded by 1 o r 2 shorter ones , its height ( 3 7 ) 1 2 1 o r 2 dorsal base , ( 0 anal with 1 0 to 1 developed rays preceded by shorter ones , 2 1 1 1 5 1 2— 1 its height 1 ( 0 its base 1 0 ( 8 pectoral length , 7 ( ventral , ( 8 )

2 — r n i t e al 8 9 caudal , 0 ( 1 8 2 2 ) adipose , 1 0 b a ch o s g s , usually , sometimes ; scales ,

— - 2 2 . 8 ( 7 8 8 6 ) gill rakers , to quite short , to mm in length ; pyloric a 1 0 0 2 c eca usually nearly , ranging from 8 to 1 33 . Ripe males have pearl organs on the scales

especially pronounced o n the four o r five rows immediately above and below the lateral line . f AS indicated above , some o the differences shown by the present collection suggest the

existence of geographical or ecological forms . For instance , a collection o f seven specimens from the Columbia River at Revelstoke have much deeper caudal peduncles than those from

other localities represented , being 7 to per cent . of the standard length , whereas others

are rarely 7 per cent . These Revel stoke specimens also have much longer fins than the

- others . In other body proportions , however , as well as in number of gill rakers , scales , and a f pyloric c eca , the Revelstoke specimens agree with those from other p arts o the Province .

As already indicated also , larger , sexually mature individual s differ considerably from

smaller , immature specimens with respect to some body proportions . Large , sexually mature

specimens have relatively much longer and deeper heads with longer snouts , and maxillaries , int e r o r b it a ls and wider ; the body is also much deeper and wider .

willia m s on As indicated by the above description , i differs from q ua dr ila t e r a le in the more

- numerous gill rakers , fewer scales , longer and deeper head , snout not only longer relative to

the body , but also when compared with the longer head ; since the depth and width o f the o f body varies so much with size and state sexual maturity , it is difficult t o arrive at a com

p arison of the two species from a comparison of the specimens at hand , but it seems probable that william s o ni has a somewhat deeper body than qu a dr ila t e r a le ; willia m s on i is also charac e t e r iz d by a much longer adipose fin .

This species is said to spawn in the Okanagan region about November 1 5t h .

h a llu s s i ni e r R T m . y g f ( ichardson ) ( Arctic grayling . )

There are eight specimens of grayling from Lake Atlin in the collections o f the Royal

Ontario Museum of Zoology .

Ca t os t o mus c a t os t o m u s - ( Forster ) . ( Long nosed sucker . ) E This sucker was taken from deep water in Kootenay and Okanagan Lakes . igenmann ( 1 8 9 5A) t ook it at Golden and Revelstoke and Ev e r m an n and Goldsborough ( 1 9 07 ) reported

. it from the Watson River at Caribou Cro ssing It is also known to occur in Shuswap Lake .

A specimen taken in Okanagan Lake , cm . long to end of vertebral column o f ) , inches to fork caudal fin gave the following proportionate measurements in per cent . of

: 1 3 - standard length Head , eye , snout, ; interorbital , body depth , body

- - width , caudal peduncle length , caudal peduncle depth , dorsal fin with 1 1 fully 1 developed rays and shorter one in front , its height and base anal with 7 fully 1 , developed and shorter ray its height and base pectoral , ventral , scales , 1 — 1 — 1 8 0 7 4 .

Ca t o s t omus c a t o s t o Small or dwarf specimens , identified as mus , were taken from shallow

water in Garnet Valley Lake , near Summerland . A similarly dwarfed , lacustrine form has been described from the lakes of Jasper Park under the name Ca t os t ornus c a t o s t omus la cus t r is by B a jkov f ‘ - B . S O M E FR E S H WAT E R F I S H E S O F . C

C a t os t ornus m a cr o c h eilus Girard . ( Columbia R iver sucker . )

This is the common sucker of Southern British Columbia . Our specimens are from

o f Kootenay , Okanagan , Christina , and Harrison Lakes , and a grassy lake along the course

Tumtum Creek near Revelstoke . It has also been reported by rel iable Observers as occurring in Columbia and Windermere Lakes and in the following lakes in the Columbia system : Arrow Wh at sh a n S Lakes , Slocan Lake , Little Slocan Lake , Lakes , Arrow Park Lake , and ummit t ob b ar d Lake ; and it is also said to occur in Hawser or Duncan Lake , Trout Lake , S Lake ,

E : S . and rie Lake , and in the following lakes in the Moyie system Moyie , t Mary, and Premier .

%

E igenmann ( 1 8 9 5A) has recorded it from S icamous and Kamloop s .

- Measurements in per cent . of body length to end of vertebral column of specimens 30 to 40 — m in 1 3 1 7 : 2 5 c f standard length ( to inches to fork of tail ) are as follows Head , ; eye ,

- 20 - 1 4 e snout, interorbital , body depth , ( body width , ( l ngth 1 1 4 1 5 of caudal peduncle , 5 ; depth of caudal peduncle , dorsal fin with or , sometimes 1 2 1 6 1 4—1 1 3 developed rays , preceded by or shorter ones , its height ( 7 ) and base 1 9 ; anal

1 sh o r t e r ' r a 1 8 1 — with 7 developed rays , preceded by y , its height ( 7 and base 8 ( 7 9 ) — 1 4 1 1 2— 1 — — — pectoral length 2 0 ( 1 9 22 ) and ventral 1 5 ( scales , 3 ( 5 ) 70 ( 6 6 72 ) 1 2 ( 1 0 1 92 5 A male 1 1 inches long taken in Harrison Lake in October , , had traces of tubercles o n the anal fin , and also at the base of the lower three or four caudal rays .

T . in oa, t in c a ( Linnaeus ) . ( E uropean tench )

Specimens o f this E uropean species were taken in Christina Lake , to which they have no doubt gained entrance from the south through the outlet stream . They are said to have 1 been first noticed in the lake about 1 9 5 . I am indebted to D r . L . P . S chultz , o f the College o f F isheries , University of Washington , for the following information on the introduction o f this species : ’ f o r The E uropean tench was brought to Seattle the World s Fair , and afterwards were dumped into geyser basin ( a large g oldfi sh - pond on the campus ) and probably at that time

- or perhaps later some were taken to Lake Union . They remain in the geyser basin to day in f r abundance and are collected occasionally o laboratory dissection . No attention is paid to them at all ; they propagate naturally . Specimens have been reported from Lake Union that % were nearly 2 feet long . : 2 Two specimens measured gave the following proportions Head , 8 per cent . of body

t o 1 0— 1 1 - 30— 2 - length end of vertebral column ; eye , snout , ; body depth , 3 ; body width , — 92— 94 5— 6 1 4 1 6 ; dorsal rays I , 9 , anal I , 8 ; scale , ; teeth , .

r u c r i a Cyp in s a p o Linn eus . ( Carp . )

Carp are not uncommon in the shallower parts of Okanagan Lake . Quite a number of small specimens were seined at the northern end of the lake , and many larger ones were seen at the foot of Okanagan Falls . Ka lam alka It is also known to occur in , Woods , and Shuswap Lakes .

M o c h e ilus c a r i s y l u nu ( Richardson ) . ( Chub ; Peamouth . )

The chub is common in most of the lakes visited in Southern B ritish Columbia . We have specimens from Kootenay , Okanagan , Cultus , and Harrison Lakes , Columbia River in t h e vicinity of Revelstoke , from Babine Lake and some unspecified water in the vicinity of Prince

George , and also from Cecilia Lake , on Vancouver Island . Jordan and Ev e r m ann ( 1 8 96 ) say o f this species : Often entering the sea h specimens from Nanaimo sent by Mr . Ashdown H . Green , w o says that this is the only % cyprinoid found in Vancouver Island . It has been recorded from Fishhook Lake , Vancouver

Island , by Green Confirmation of the occurrence of this species in salt water is furnished by C . Carl , wh o took it in E nglish B ay while fishing along the shore for the surf

H o rn e s r e tio 1 5A u s s u s . E 89 smelt , yp p igenmann ( ) records this species from Mission , Kam loops , S icamous , Revelstoke , and Golden . Our largest specimen , taken in Cultus Lake , 1 2 measured % inches cm . ) to fork of tail . Hubbs and Schultz ( 1 9 31 ) have discussed the scientific name of this species and conclude ’ 1 8 6 ca ur irt us that R ichardson s ( 3 ) name must stand . They point out that previous to 1 9 05 t he M lo oh eilus oa ur ir ms S name y was generally accepted , but in that year nyder ( 1 905 ) stated 1 5 9 3 . L 68 R E P O R T O F TH E C O M M I S S I O N E R O F F I S H E R I E S ,

t e that the name should be M y lo c h e ilus Ia t e r a lis Agassiz and Pickering , and many have adop d t h e la t te r name in consequence . 1 6 2 Proport ionate measurements based o n twelve specimens ranging from to 3 cm . in

o f : - length to end of vertebral column are as follows in per cent . standard length Head length , e eye , snout , maxillary , int rorbital ,

- - 1 3 - body depth , 20 body width , ( caudal peduncle length ,

- 8 8 1 8 ( 1 7 caudal peduncle depth , dorsal fin with fully developed rays pre

1 8 1 6 2 0 1 0 . 5 1 0 1 1 8 ceded by 1 o r 2 Sh e l ter ones , its height ( ) and base ( ; anal with fully

- r te I 1 4 1 3 1 5 1 0 9 . 5 1 0 . 3 developed I a y s preceded by 1 or 2 sh o ones , its height ( ) and base ( ) 9 1 7 2 2 1 4 1 3 1 5 7 1 6 8—74 é pectoral length , 1 ( ) ventral length , ( scales , to ( ) 1 5 5 1 4 o ne O o ne o r 9 ; teeth , usually , occasionally in f the outer rows , hooked in young ,

- of o r more becoming stump like with age ; premaxillary protractile , a barbel near end max

o n t O O o n O o n o f illa r y ; peritoneum dusky , tubercles p f head , percle and scales back and sides

. f f 2 0 . o nearly to lateral l ine , o specimen cm long to end vertebral column , taken in Kootenay

2 t h 1 92 8 . Lake June 1 ,

- fi n e . Ch r o s o m us e r y t h r o ga s t e r Ra e sq u . ( Red bellied dace )

o f A specimen sent by Dr . Clemens to the Royal Ontario Museum Zoology was taken in

Charlie Lake in the Peace River Block . This lake lies west of Fort St . John and is tributary to the Peace River .

u a wfi sh . Pty c h o c h eilus o r e gon ens is ( Richardson ) . ( Sq )

The squ a wfi sh is o ne of the commonest and most generally distributed fish in Southern

British Columbia . Specimens were secured in Kootenay , Okanagan , Christina , and Harrison

Lakes , and it has been reported by rel iable observers as occurring from Columbia and Winder mere Lakes throughout the Columbia River , including the Arrow Lakes , Slocan Lake , Little

h a t h a n Slocan Lake , W s Lakes , Arrow Park Lake , Summit Lake , the Kootenay River between

Nelson and Castlegar and between Kootenay Landing and the United States border , Goat

r ar River below the Canyon , Hawser o Duncan Lake , Trout Lake , St ob b d Lake , E rie Lake , k l culz e ch ako K a la m a l a , Woods , Duck , Cultus , Blue , C u Lakes , and the N and Lower Fraser

Rivers . It has also been recorded from the Thompson River at Kamloops and Shuswap Lake 1 8 9 A at Sicamous by E igenmann ( 5 ) .

It grows t o a large size , a specimen 8 lb . in weight having been taken in Arrow Lakes 1 2 near E dgewood in June , 9 8 . n 2 Proportionate measurements based o five specimens averaging 7 cm . in length to end

f - — o f vertebral column are as follows in per cent . o standard length : Head length , 2 8 ( 2 7 29 ) 1 0 9 1 1 eye , snout , ( maxillary , ( interorbital ,

- 1 - 1 4 - 1 body depth , 20 ( 8 body width , ; caudal peduncle length , 8 caudal

9 9 1 r 2 peduncle depth , ; dorsal fin with fully developed rays preceded by o shorter ones , its height 1 6 ( 1 5— 1 7 ) and base 1 2 ( 1 1 5 anal with 8 fully developed rays preceded by — 1 6 — 1 2 1 1 or 2 shorter ones , its height ) and base ) pectoral , 8 1 2— 1 6 73 69—77 2— 4— 5— 2 ventral , ( ) scales in lateral line , ( teeth , , outer row sometimes 4— 4 r 3 instead of 2 and inner sometimes , some o all Of teeth h ooked .

Rich a r d s on ia s b a lt e a t us ( Richardson ) . ( Shiner . )

The S hiner is usually common and generally distributed at least in the southern part o f the Province . There are specimens in the collection o f the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology from Kootenay , Okanagan , Cultus , and Shuswap Lakes , the Thomp son River at Kamloops ,

Summit Lake near Revelstoke , and Garnet Valley Lake , a small lake near Summerland . C . al a alka Carl reports having taken the species in Burnaby Lake and Dr . W . A . Clemens from K m ,

Woods , Duck , and Blue Lakes . E 1 It has also been recorded by igenmann ( 8 9 5A) from Kamloop s and M ission , and as la t e r a lis ff variety from S icamous , Gri in Lake , Kamloops , Revelstoke , and Golden . Later , E igenmann ( 1 8 9 5B ) made a rather extensive study of variation in this species and in the

e paper in which he published his results regarded la t r a lis as a synonym of b a lt e a t us . r This minnow does not reach a very large size , o u largest specimen being cm . to end o f 3 vertebral column ( inches to fork of tail) . It is characterized by its deep , rather com pressed body, long anal fin , and insertion o f the dorsal well behind a vertical through ventral - B F R E S H W AT E R F I S H E S O F . C .

o n insertion . A dark lateral band posterior half of the body ; the lateral line follows the contour of the ventral surface . n li The species is said to show wide variations from o e lo ca t y to another . The following ~ measurements in per cent . of the standard length were secured from specimens from Okanagan : 26 2 5— 27 Lake , to cm . long , to end of vertebral column Head , ( ) eye , 2 1 6 1 5 1 0 depth of body , ( 7 width of body , ( dorsal with fully developed rays preceded by 1 or 2 shorter ones ; and with 1 5 to 1 7 fully developed and 1 o r 2 preceding 58 2— 5— 4— 2 1 o r 3 shorter rays ; scales , about ; teeth , usually , sometimes in the inner row o n one or both sides .

Co u esius plum b e it s ( Agassiz ) . ( Lake chub . )

A number of specimens of the lake chub were taken in Garnet Valley Lake near Summer land , July 6t h , 1 92 8 . Only four of them are large enough t o furnish useful comparative

- measurements ; these are as follows , in percentage Of the body length to end of vertebral

r - - column : Head , eye , snout , 7 . 8 ; intero bital , body depth , body width ,

- caudal peduncle length and depth dorsal fin with 8 fully developed rays , pre ceded by 1 shorter one , its height anal fin with 8 fully developed and 1 shorter ray , its height pectoral length , ventral length , scales , 60 ( 58 2 7 scales before — — — 2 4 4 2 . dorsal ; teeth , ; barbel evident , attached above and near posterior end of maxillary

Specimens of a lake chub collected in S tuart Lake near Fort . St . James , B . C . , have been

u r described by Jordan ( 1 8 94 ) as C ou e s i s g e en i ; Green ( 1 8 9 3 ) mentions the same local ity . Ev e r m a nn and Goldsborough ( 1 907 ) a lso record specimens taken by Ev e r m ann in Kootenay

Lake . The specimens collected in Garnet Valley Lake and described above agree closely with

o f . l b 2 specimens C p um eus from Lake Nipigon ( Dymond , 1 9 6 ) and they are accordingly regarded as being of the same species .

Specimens have also been taken in Jewel Lake .

R hinic h t h s ca t a r a c ee - y t ( Cuvier and Valenciennes ) ( Long nosed dace . )

wa s During the course of our studies this species taken in Kootenay Lake at Kaslo , at the north end of Okanagan Lake , and in Garnet Valley Lake , a small lake near Summerland . o f There is also a specimen in the collection the B iological Station , from Morrison Lake , taken 1 t h 2 5 1 9 8 . December , C . Carl reports specimens from streams tributary to Burnaby Lake .

Ap oe op e fa lca t a ( E igenmann and E igenmann )

This species was taken in the seine at the north end Of Okanagan Lake . I have also examined specimens taken in Shuswap Lake by Dr . Clemens . It has previously been recorded E E 1 9 A i h from the latter locality by igenmann and igenmann 8 3 ) as g os a S u s wap .

A o c o p p e h u bila ( Girard ) .

S h a s Y R This pecies been recorded from ellowhead Lake , M ount obson National Park , by B ajkov

' Arne iur us n e b u lo sus Le S ( ueur ) ( Common bullhead . )

wa 2 A specimen of this species s taken July 1 8t h , 1 9 5 , in Sumas River and presented by

D r . R . E . Foerster to the collection of the Royal O ntario Museum of Zoology . Catfish are said to be rather common in the area . The records of Am e iur us m e la s from New Westminster and Sh awn iga n Lake in the

Report of the Provincial Museum for 1 9 31 may refer to the present species .

Es o oo lu ciu s a Linn eus . ( Common pike . )

- . . S R n Inspector T V andys Wunsch , of the oyal Canadia Mounted Police , informs me that e p ike occur in North rn B ritish Columbia . He first found them in Dease Lake and from there R t h e R down the Dease iver, in Liard iver , and in all the lakes adj acent .

According to Mr . W . M . Ferrier , Fisheries Inspector at Prince George , pike are native to the waters of Northern B ritish Columbia tributary to the Arctic Ocean , but he has never known of any pike found in the waters of Northern B ritish Columbia tributary to the Pacific

Ocean . 1 9 35 . L 70 R E P O R T O F T HE C O M M I S S I O N E R O F FI S H E R I E S ,

r B r . L o l a m a c ulo s a ( Le Sueu ) . ( u bot ; Ling )

r t This species is generally distribu t ed through B ri t ish Co lumbia . From info ma ion ffi t o secured by personal observation and from t h e reports o f Fishery O cers , it is known occur h t in t h e large lakes such as Kootenay , Okanagan , Arrow , and S uswap , also in all sui able a t o waters t hroughou t t h e Columbia sys t em , includ ing Slocan Lake , Christina Lake , Revelst ke ,

E 1 8 9 5A . and Golden ( igenmann , ) , and in Windermere and Columbia Lakes In the Upper M c B a in s Kootenay drainage it is found in Moyie , St . M ary , and Lakes , and in suitable situ t o a t io n s in the river to its upper reaches . In the Fraser drainage it occurs , in add ition 1 Cluculz . ( 8 8 3 ) Shuswap Lake , in , Sugar , Mabel , Mara , N icola , Dougl as , and Seton Macoun 1 9 0 2 record s it from Fort M c L e o d in Northern B ritish Columbia . B abcock ( ) records the Ev e r m an n 1 90 7 species from Seton and Anderson Lakes , and and Goldsborough ( ) bel ieve

% it to be common in Lake Bennett , Tagish Arm , Lake Atlin , and probably in all suitable % waters in the Y ukon basin .

- 1 9 2 6 In Christina Lake it is caught on set lines in winter and used as food . Of it Cobb ( )

, says , rarely utilized as food except in British Columbia and Washington where small quan 1 9 0 o f tities are marketed . B abcock ( 7 ) also speaks the ling as furnishing excellent food to some sections .

G a s t e r o s t e us a cule a t us Linnaeus . ( Common stickleback . )

- The common stickleback o f Southern B ritish Columbia , both fresh water and marine , is now regarded as of the same species as the common three - sp ined stickleback Of the Northern — f t e r o s t e us a cu le a t us . Atlantic namely , G a s Considerable di ferences do occur between stickle backs of this species in fresh water as compared with salt water , and southward as compared 1 2 with those in the north , but , as Hubbs ( 9 9 ) has pointed out, So numerous are these local races , so confused their geographical distribution , that it seems unwise to recognize any one a s t e r o s t e us c a t a hr a c t us G a s t e r o s t e us willia m s o ni o f them as a distinct species . G p and

a ou le a t u s . micr o c e ph a lu s therefore become synonyms of G . I V . . Our specimens are from M illstream , Nanaimo , B ig Lake , Wellington , , Cultus Lake ,

w . . . and Harrison Lake . It is also kno n to occur in the Nanaimo Lakes , and Dr L P Schultz has identified specimens collected by Dr . A . L . Pritchard from Meyer Lake , Queen Charlotte ’

Islands . It will be noticed that none of these localities are beyond Hell s Gate Canyon , which f seems to mark the limit of the distribution o a number of anadromous species . ’ Lord s 1 8 6 6 ) classic account of the nest- building habit of the stickleback was based on observations made in B ritish Columbia .

Eu ca lia in c o n s t a ns ( Kirtland ) . ( Brook stickleback . )

A specimen taken in Charlie Lake , tributary to the Peace River , in the Peace R iver B lock , o f west of Fort St . John , was sent to the Royal Ontario Museum Zoology by D r . Clemens .

o - M icr o pt e r u s d o l mieu Lacepede . ( Small mouthed black bass . )

The story of the introduction o f black bass into Christina Lake and other B ritish Columbia waters is recounted by Prince ( 1 90 2 ) The fry were placed in Christina Lake in the autumn o f 1 90 1 . Such popr care was taken of them from the time they were taken from the train at Revelstoke until they were placed in the lake that few survived the j ourney . According to information given us by Mr . Sandner , it wa s five years before bass began to be noticed in the a lake . After that they steadily increased until they became f irly common , but at the time 1 2 of our visit in 9 8 their numbers had been decreasing for several years . This circumstance f we attributed to the depletion o food . Crayfish and shiners (R . b a lt e a t us ) were said to have 1 92 8 been formerly very common around the shores , but in both were quite scarce . The largest bass taken in Christina Lake weighed 6 lb .

ffi f o f It is di cult to estimate the ef ect the bass on the native Kamloop s trout of the lake .

The latter were said to be quite scarce as compared with former conditions , but how much

h ow ov e r fi sh in of this can be attributed to the bass , and much to g , or other causes , is impossible t o state .

wa s . The only report of bass in Moyie Lake furnished by C H . Robinson , Fishery Overseer o f wh o 1 9 2 5 Nelson , said that about Mr . H . Ryder , in charge of the Cranbrook Hatchery, had o f found a dead bass on the shore that lake . Dr . J . L . Hart has sent us a specimen of young

- small mouthed black bass taken in Spider Lake , Vancouver Island , on June 1 5t h , 1 930 . - B 1 C . S OME F R ES H INATER F I S H E S O F . L 7

- Ap lit es s a lm o id e s ( Lacepede ) . ( Large mouthed black bass . )

o f This species , which course is not native to the Province , is now rather common towards f the southern end o Kootenay Lake , where there is a good deal of shallow water . It is said 1 9 1 6 to have escaped into the Kootenay River at B onners Ferry in from private ponds . It was

f o r 1 9 2 1 . o f caught near Kootenay Landing the first time about In that year Mr . A . B ush , 1 5 9 . . f 1 9 2 8 Nelson , caught a specimen weighing 4, lb at S irdar By the summer o they had spread to Pilot B ay .

- Va se aux The large mouthed black bass also occurs in Osoyoos and Lakes , having gained b access to it from the south . It has also been reported y anglers as occurring in a lake o n

S a lt spr ing Island , near Vancouver Island .

‘ e d . Pomoms s p a r o id s ( La cé pé e ) . ( Calico bass )

Ha z i Hart ( 1 9 34 ) has recorded the calico bass from t c Lake , a backwater o f the Fraser

River near M ission .

Eup orno t is gib b os u s ( Linnaeus ) .

The pumpkinseed is rather common in Chr istina Lake , to which it wa s probably introduced along with the black bass .

it h ill Y . Pe r ca fla v e s c ens ( M c ) . ( ellow perch )

x Perch occur in Va se au Lake , to which they are said to have gained entrance from the south .

Co t t u s a sp e r Richardson . ( Prickly bullhead . )

This sculp in appears to be very generally distributed throughout South - western B ritish

Columbia , including Southern Vancouver Island . There are specimens in our collections L ake ~ Sh uswa from Okanagan Lake, Christina , p Lake , S ummit Lake near Revelstoke , Cultus o n Lake , pond at Harrison Hatchery , Nass River , Horne Lake , and Spider Lake Vancouver N ana im o Island , M illstream at , and a small stream entering D eparture B ay near the B iological E IS9 5A . Station igenmann ( ), records the species from M ission , S icamous , Kamloops , and Griffin Lake and remarks that it is very abundant in the Fraser system from tide - water to an 1 9 2 0 altitude of feet . Bean and Weed ( ) record five specimens cm . long , t mouth of Fraser River , B . C . A . Halkett . Dr . Clemens repor s the species as occurring in

lint n o n . M c C o Creek , Queen Charlotte Islands , the basis of identification by Dr L . P . Schultz . In percentage of the length to end o f vertebral column following are measurements of

- : 33 30 — 35 various body parts Head , ( ) eye , snout , interorbital ,

- 22 2 1 — 24 - 20 1 9 o f body depth , ( ) body width , ( length caudal peduncle ,

1 1 ( 1 0 depth of caudal peduncle , first dorsal with 9 spines in fourteen

' 5 — 2 n n d 1 7 . 0 spe c im e s a 8 in one , its height and base ) second dorsal with 2 1 22 1 4 1 2 — 2 0 rays in seven specimens , in six and in two , its height ( and base 42 ( 36 46 )

% last membrane of first dorsal connected to lower half of first ray of second dorsal ; anal with 1 7 1 0 — 1 5 1 6 rays in seven specimens and in eight , its height ( ) and base 33 ( 32 2 8 2 5— 30 4 o ne pectoral length , ( ) ventral rays I , in every of fifteen specimens examined , its length 20 ( 1 7 one almost straight upward a n d backward pointing preopercul ar spin

- a prominent dark vertical bar at base of caudal , a few dark saddle shaped markings o n back r and upper sides , especially ante iorly , a round dark sp ot on membrane between last few spines

Of first dorsal , edge of fin reddish ; the extent to which prickles are present varies from that in which they are confined to a small patch behind the pectoral fin to that in which they cover t he most of the body with exception of the ventral surface , and in front of and beside the dorsal

fin ; they are commonly absent from the caudal peduncle ; lateral line sometimes complete ,

but often lacking on part or all of caudal peduncle .

C o t t us r h o t h e a ( Rosa Smith ) . t S Following are some of the characters of specimens of his sculpin taken at locan Pool , : F 7 8 in the Kootenay River below Bonnington Falls irst dorsal rays , or ; second dorsal rays , 1 6 1 7 1 2 1 3 I 4 or ; anal rays , or ; ventral rays , ; body , including top of head , covered with t prickles , except on ventral surface and on lower sides in fron ; lateral line incomplete , a few

pores missing on caudal peduncle , sometimes the whol e caudal p eduncle o n one or both sides

lacking pores : largest specimen , cm . to end of vertebral column . 1 9 35 L 72 R E P O R T O F T H E C O M M I S S I O N E R O F F I S H E R I E S , .

C o t t u s a le u t ic us G ilbert . t This species is found in both fresh and salt wa e r . Specimens were obtained in a small stream entering Departure B ay ; this is probably the same locality as that for which Gilbert 2 6 th 1 8 8 9 t ( 1 8 9 5 ) records four specimens were collected by us May , , in a small stream en er % ing Departure Bay , Vancouver Island . — f o r 3 4 m . I am also indebted to W . E . Ricker a number Of specimens c in length taken from the stomach of a specimen Of S a lv e lin us m a lm a collected in Cultus Lake . t There is a specimen at the Pacific B iological Station collec ed by D r . A . L . Pritchard from M c Clint o n Creek , Queen Charlotte Islands , and identified by Dr . Schultz .

’ Co t t u s c o g n a t u s Richardson . ( Miller s thumb . )

Specimens of this species were taken at Kaslo in Kootenay Lake and in Christina Lake . 3 o n e 4 Of the three specimens taken , two had ventral rays I , and had I , ; first dorsal rays were 1 1 1 7 1 2 7 in one case and 8 in two ; second dorsal rays were 6 , 5 , and respectively, and anal , o ne 1 2 , and 1 0 . The lateral line was quite short, in case not reaching a vertical through the wa s insertion of the first dorsal , in others extending only a little beyond this point ; there a patch o f prickles behind the pectoral fins . Length of specimens , and cm . to end of vertebral column . Ev e r m ann and Goldsborough ( 1 9 0 7 ) report having taken forty- fi v e specimens which they identified as belonging to the present species in Lake Bennett , Northern British Columbia .

L I T E R AT U R E C I T E D .

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