DOCSLIB.ORG

Ants As Predators of the Spinose Ear Tick, Otobius Megnini (Dugès) in Sri Lanka G.C.P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ants As Predators of the Spinose Ear Tick, Otobius Megnini (Dugès) in Sri Lanka G.C.P Ants as predators of the Spinose Ear Tick, Otobius megnini (Dugès) in Sri Lanka G.C.P. Diyes, N.B. Karunarathna, T.H.S.E. Silva, W.A.I.P. Karunaratne, R.S. Rajakaruna To cite this version: G.C.P. Diyes, N.B. Karunarathna, T.H.S.E. Silva, W.A.I.P. Karunaratne, R.S. Rajakaruna. Ants as predators of the Spinose Ear Tick, Otobius megnini (Dugès) in Sri Lanka. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2017, 57 (4), pp.747-753. 10.1051/acarologia/20174200. hal-01598294 HAL Id: hal-01598294 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01598294 Submitted on 29 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ACAROLOGIA A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ [email protected] Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2017 (Volume 57): 380 € http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/subscribe.php Previous volumes (2010-2015): 250 € / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, 34988 MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID 1500-024 through the « Investissements d’avenir » programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX-0001-01) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Acarologia 57(4): 747-753 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20174200 Ants as predators of the Spinose Ear Tick, Otobius megnini (Dugés) in Sri Lanka G.C.P. DIYES, N.B. KARUNARATHNA, T.H.S.E. SILVA, W.A.I.P. KARUNARATNE and R.S. RAJAKARUNAB (Received 28 August 2016; accepted 11 February 2017; published online 06 July 2017; edited by Karen MCCOY) Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], (B) [email protected] ABSTRACT — Many pathogens, parasitoids and predators have been documented as natural enemies of ticks, but their impact on tick populations are rarely evaluated. Here, we report the predatory behaviour of ants on the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini. Ticks were collected from the ear canal of stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse and were brought to the laboratory. Eggs, unfed and engorged larvae, engorged nymphs and adults were naturally exposed to ants under laboratory conditions and the predatory behaviour of the different species and their feeding preferences were observed. Five ant species were found feeding on different life stages of O. megnini including eggs, larvae (fed/unfed) and adults; ants did not feed on the nymphal stages. Ant species were identified as Tapinoma melanocephalum, two species of Monomorium, one species of Pheidole and one species of Crematogaster. The predatory preference differed among the five ant species, with T. melanocephalum being identified as the best predator as it fed on eggs and adults, the non-parasitic stages of O. megnini. Different strategies have been used to control the infestations of O. megnini in the stabled horses but none of them were successful. Although we cannot extrapolate our empirical findings to a natural context, observations suggest that these ant species may be potential bio-suppressors of this tick species. KEYWORDS — Ant predators; bio-suppressors; spinose ear tick INTRODUCTION health with negative effects on non-target organ- isms and poor quality animal products (e.g., milk, Tick infestations are very hard to control owing to meat and hide; Rajput et al., 2006). Other control the wide distribution of certain species, their re- methods such as vaccination (Willadsen, 1995), se- markable longevity, seasonal dynamics and off-host lection of resistant host breeds (Samish et al., 2004; development (Sonenshine, 1993). The most widely Shyma et al., 2015) and pasture spelling which in- used and currently effective method is the use volves rotating livestock among paddocks for peri- of chemical acaricides like carbamate, organophos- ods of 3-4 months to starve the larval ticks (Wilkin- phate, synthetic pyrethroid, formamidine, macro- son, 1957) have been practiced, particularly for con- cyclic lactone and pyrazole (Lovis et al., 2011). Al- trolling the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Ap- though effective, intensive use can result in the de- plication of acaricide substitutes such as extracts velopment of resistance (Foil et al., 2004; Guerrero of plants like Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, et al., 2012), impaired environmental and human http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 747 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Diyes G.C.P. et al. Nicotiana tabacum (Zaman et al., 2012) are being dida: Argasidae) is a soft tick of medical and vet- promoted. Moreover, in Sri Lanka, local reme- erinary importance that feeds in the ear canals dies are widely being used among the rural peo- of wide range of domesticated animals including ple to remove or to repel ticks from livestock and horses (Diyes and Rajakaruna, 2016a), and occa- pets. Some of these methods include: use of co- sionally humans, causing otoacariasis in Sri Lanka conut oil, citronella oil, neem (Azadirachta indica) (Ariyarathne et al., 2016). When present in the ear oil/leaves/seeds, marigold plant leaves and use of canal, they can cause paralysis, irritations, toxic mothballs (Personal communications with villagers conditions, allergies, eardrum perforation, muscle and livestock farmers). spasms, severe otitis and act as vectors of Q fever (Jellison et al., 1948; Madigan et al., 1995; Estrada- Numerous potential biological control agents of Peña and Jongejan, 1999). Larvae and nymphs of ticks including pathogens, parasitoids and preda- the spinose ear tick are parasitic while adults (males tors have been documented (Jenkins 1964; Mwangi and females) and unfed larvae are free-living and and Kaaya 1997; Samish and Rehacek, 1999; Kaaya, found in cracks and crevices in the immediate vicin- 2003). Pathogens like bacteria, fungi and nematodes ity of the host (Sonenshine, 1993). Here we present that infect and kill ticks, parasitoids that deposit the first report of predatory behavior of four genera their eggs in ticks or predators like birds and ants of ants on O. megnini in Sri Lanka. have been suggested as potential candidates for controlling some hard and soft tick species under field and laboratory conditions (Samish et al., 2004). MATERIALS AND METHODS Predator-tick relationships of 28 arthropod fami- Larvae and nymphs of Otobius megnini infesting the lies have been identified, of which, many are ants ear canals of stabled horses at the Nuwara Eliya race (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), followed by carabid course (GPS: 6.962829N, 80.769207E) were collected beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and some spiders onto small pieces of white open-wove cotton ban- (Araneae: Lycosidae; Samish and Alekseev, 2001). dage. The ground cover materials in stables were Among ants, Aphaenogaster, Formica, Iridomyrmex, brushed carefully using a soft bristle duster to col- Monomorium, Notoncus, Pheidole, Pogonomyrmex, lect the free-living adults. Live ticks were brought Rhytidoponera and Solenopsis are some of the genera to the Parasitology Laboratory in the Department that occasionally target ticks as their food source of Zoology, University of Peradeniya and were (Samish and Rehacek, 1999). Ants that feed on counted, weighed and separated according to life ticks are considered as bio-suppressors (Samish et stage. Some of the field-caught engorged nymphs al., 2004). They are generalist predators that feed were allowed to moult into adults. Field-caught on ticks occasionally and may affect the size of a adults were allowed to mate and lay eggs. Some tick population in nature, but using them as biologi- of these eggs were kept in perforated Eppendorf® cal control agents may have negative consequences tubes (1.5 ml each containing 100 eggs) to obtain un- as it requires a large increase in the ant population fed larvae. The rest of the eggs were placed in per- which could lead to changes in non-target species forated Eppendorf® tubes (1.5 ml each containing (Symondson et al., 2002) or result in the ant becom- 100 eggs) and were kept on a microcentrifuge rack. ing a pest (Barbosa, 1998; Bellows and Fisher, 1999). Field caught engorged larvae and nymphs, and the Gleim et al. (2013) discussed the potential use of laboratory moulted adults were placed in quadran- Solenopsis invicta against tick species: Amblyomma gular plastic grid plates (25 wells in each plate and americanum and Amblyomma maculatum populations three ticks per well). The grid plates were covered in burned habitats. However, few studies have ex- with a plastic mesh which allowed ants to enter but amined the exact effect of ants on tick population excluded flies (e.g., the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris; dynamics. Hence, the importance of ants in biologi- Diyes et al., 2015) and other larger predators. Larvae cal control is still controversial (Barbosa, 1998). and nymphs with fungal infections were removed The spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Ixo- from the collection. Eppendorf® tubes containing 748 Acarologia 57(4): 747-753 (2017) TABLE 1: Developmental stage of Otobius megnini and the feeding preferences of the five predatory ant species under different experi- mental set up No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Otobius Megnini Infestations in Race Horses Rupika S
    We are IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 4,800 122,000 135M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors are among the 154 TOP 1% 12.2% Countries delivered to most cited scientists Contributors from top 500 universities Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI) Interested in publishing with us? Contact [email protected] Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com Chapter Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses Rupika S. Rajakaruna and Chulantha Prasanga Diyes Abstract Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, has a worldwide distribution causing otoaca- riasis or parasitic otitis in animals and humans. It mainly infests horses and cattle. It is a nidicolous, one-host soft tick spread from the New World to the Old World and is now distributed across all the continents. Only the larvae and nymphs are parasitic, feeding inside the ear canal of the host for a long period. Adult males and females are free-living and nonfeeding, and mating occurs off the host. Being inside the ear canal of the host allows the tick to be distributed over a vast geographic region through the distribution of the host animals. The presence of infectious agents Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, spotted fever rickettsia, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Babesia in O. megnini has been reported, but its role as a vector has not been confirmed.
    [Show full text]
  • (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) Associated with Odocoileus
    https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i1.5283 Article Body distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) associated with Odocoileus virginianus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) and Ovis canadensis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in three northern Mexican states Mariana Cuesy León a Zinnia Judith Molina Garza a* Roberto Mercado Hernández a Lucio Galaviz Silva a a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ave. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León. México. *Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: Ticks are important vectors of medical and veterinary importance pathogens in Mexico; however, the taxonomic studies of abundance, prevalence, intensity, and body distribution in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are limited. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap in the Mexican states of Sonora, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. The area of study included authorized game farms where hunting is practiced. A total of 372 ticks [21 nymphs (5.65 %) and 351 adults (94.35 %); 41% female and 59 % male] were collected from 233 O. virginianus and four O. canadensis. The ticks collected from O. virginianus were identified as Otobius megnini, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. Dermacentor hunteri was the only species collected from O. canadensis. Ears were the most infested region (83 females, 70 males, and 21 nymphs, 46.77 %), and the least infested body parts were the legs (10 males and nine females, 5.1 %). This study reports for the first time the abundance, intensity, and prevalence of ticks in O. virginianus in northern Mexico, particularly in the states of Tamaulipas and 177 Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2021;12(1):177-193 Nuevo León, since the O.
    [Show full text]
  • Tick [Genome Mapping]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Health Resources Public Health Resources 2008 Tick [Genome Mapping] Amy J. Ullmann Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO Jeffrey J. Stuart Purdue University, [email protected] Catherine A. Hill Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources Part of the Public Health Commons Ullmann, Amy J.; Stuart, Jeffrey J.; and Hill, Catherine A., "Tick [Genome Mapping]" (2008). Public Health Resources. 108. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/publichealthresources/108 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Public Health Resources at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 8 Tick Amy J. Ullmannl, Jeffrey J. stuart2, and Catherine A. Hill2 Division of Vector Borne-Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA e-mail:[email protected] 8.1 8.1 .I Introduction Phylogeny and Evolution of the lxodida Ticks and mites are members of the subclass Acari Ticks (subphylum Chelicerata: class Arachnida: sub- within the subphylum Chelicerata. The chelicerate lin- class Acari: superorder Parasitiformes: order Ixodi- eage is thought to be ancient, having diverged from dae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of global Trilobites during the Cambrian explosion (Brusca and medical and veterinary importance. Ticks live on all Brusca 1990). It is estimated that is has been ap- continents of the world (Steen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Fact Sheet No
    Colorado Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Fact Sheet No. 5.593 Insect Series|Trees and Shrubs by W.S. Cranshaw, F.B. Peairs and B.C. Kondratieff* Ticks are blood-feeding parasites of Quick Facts animals found throughout Colorado. They are particularly common at higher elevations. • The most common tick that Problems related to blood loss do occur bites humans and dogs among wildlife and livestock, but they are in Colorado is the Rocky rare. Presently 27 species of ticks are known Mountain wood tick. to occur in Colorado and Table 1 lists the more common ones. Almost all human • Rocky Mountain wood tick is encounters with ticks in Colorado involve most active and does most the Rocky Mountain wood tick. Fortunately, biting in spring, becoming some of the most important tick species dormant with warm weather in present elsewhere in the United States are summer. Figure 1: Adult Rocky Mountain wood tick prior either rare (lone star tick) or completely to feeding. Rocky Mountain wood tick is the most • Colorado tick fever is by far absent from the state (blacklegged tick). common tick that is found on humans and pets in Ticks most affect humans by their ability Colorado. the most common tick- to transmit pathogens that produce several transmitted disease of the important diseases. Diseases spread by ticks region. Despite its name, in Colorado include Colorado tick fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia and is quite rare here. relapsing fever. • Several repellents are recommended for ticks Life Cycle of Ticks including DEET, picaridin, Two families of ticks occur in Colorado, Figure 2: Adult female and male of the Rocky IR3535, and oil of lemon hard ticks (Ixodidae family) and soft ticks Mountain wood tick.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Document
    cc: Eric Bohnenblust Alexandra Dunn Cheryl Dunton Michael Goodis Arnold Layne Anna Lowit Autumn Metzger Jennifer Saunders OPP Docket FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel: Robert E. Chapin, PhD Joseph Shaw, PhD Sonya K. Sobrian, PhD Clifford P. Weisel, PhD Raymond S.H. Yang, PhD FQPA Science Review Board Members: Arthur Appel, PhD Michael J. Daniels, ScD Marion Ehrich, PhD Jerome Hogsette, PhD Eric Kwok, PhD Lisa Murphy, VMD Weste Osbrink, PhD Michael K. Rust, PhD Jeffrey G Scott, PhD Keith Shockley, PhD Daniel E. Snyder, DVM, PhD Larisa Vredevoe, PhD 2 FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Minutes and Final Report No. 2019-02 Peer Review on EPA Office of Pesticide Programs’ Proposed Guidelines for Efficacy Testing of Topically Applied Pesticides Used Against Certain Ectoparasitic Pests on Pets June 11-14, 2019 FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Held at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Conference Center Lobby Level One Potomac Yard (South Bldg.) 2777 S. Crystal Drive, Arlington, VA 22202 3 Page Blank 4 NOTICE The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) is a federal advisory committee operating in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act and established under the provisions of FIFRA as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. The FIFRA SAP provides advice, information, and recommendations to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or Agency) Administrator on pesticides and pesticide-related issues regarding the impact of regulatory actions on health and the environment. The SAP serves as a primary scientific peer review mechanism of the EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), and is structured to provide balanced expert assessment of pesticide and pesticide-related matters facing the Agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Otobius Megnini (Duges, 1844) Otoacariasis in a Horse from Tlahualilo, Durango, Mexico: a Case Report
    Current Trends in Entomology and Zoological Studies Gonzalez-Alvarez VH, et al. Curr Trends Entomol Zool Stds: CTEZS-108. Case Report DOI: 10.29011/ CTEZS-108. 000008 Otobius megnini (Duges, 1844) Otoacariasis in a Horse from Tlahualilo, Durango, Mexico: A Case Report Vicente Homero Gonzalez-Alvarez1, Josue Manuel de la Cruz-Ramos1, Sergio Orlando Yong-Wong1, Quetzaly Karmy Siller- Rodriguez2, Javier A. Garza-Hernandez3, Aldo Ivan Ortega-Morales4* 1Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Posgrado en Ciencias en Producción Agropecuaria, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez s/n, Col. Valle Verde, C.P. 27059, Torreón, Coahuila, México 2Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Calzada Las Palmas 1 y Sixto Ugalde, Col. Revolucion, C.P. 35050, Gomez Palacio, Durango, México 3Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Laboratorio de Entomologia Medica, Anillo Envolvente y Estocolmo s/n, Zona Pronaf, C.P. 32310, Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. 4Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departmento de Parasitologia Periférico Raul Lopez Sanchez s/n, Col. Valle Verde, C.P. 27059, Torreon, Coahuila, México *Corresponding author: Aldo Ivan Ortega-Morales, Departmento de Parasitologia, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periferico Raul Lopez Sanchez s/n, Col. Valle Verde, C.P. 27059, Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. Email: [email protected] Citation: Gonzalez-Alvarez VH, de la Cruz-Ramos JM, Yong-Wong SO, Siller-Rodriguez QK, Garza-Hernandez JA, et al. (2018) Otobius megnini (Duges, 1844) Otoacariasis in a Horse from Tlahualilo, Durango, Mexico: A Case Report. Curr Trends Entomol Zool Stds: CTEZS-108. DOI: 10.29011/ CTEZS-108. 000008 Received Date: 17 April, 2018; Accepted Date: 11 June, 2018; Published Date: 20 June, 2018 Abstract This study reports the infestation of a horse by the tick Otobius megnini.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Ticks in the Ear Canal Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Vol
    Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ISSN: 1808-8694 [email protected] Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico- Facial Brasil Gökdogan, Ozan; Çakabay, Taliye; Baran, Hacer; Karabulut, Burak; Tasdemir, Cihan; Vatansever, Zati Otoacariasis: demographic and clinical outcomes of patients with ticks in the ear canal Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, vol. 82, núm. 4, julio-agosto, 2016, pp. 416-421 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial São Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=392446420009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Document downloaded from http://bjorl.elsevier.es day 04/08/2016. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82(4):416---421 Brazilian Journal of OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY www.bjorl.org ORIGINAL ARTICLE Otoacariasis: demographic and clinical outcomes of ଝ patients with ticks in the ear canal a,∗ b c d Ozan Gökdo˘gan , Taliye C¸akabay , Hacer Baran , Burak Karabulut , e f Cihan Tasdemir , Zati Vatansever a Clinic of Ear Nose Throat, Memorial Hospital, Ankara, Turkey b Clinic of Ear Nose Throat, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey c Clinic of Ear Nose Throat, Medical Park Hospital, Bursa, Turkey d Clinic of Ear Nose Throat, Umraniye Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey e Department of Microbiology, Ardahan State Hospital, Ardahan, Turkey f Kafkas University, Veterinary Department, Kars, Turkey Received 1 March 2015; accepted 13 July 2015 Available online 6 November 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract Otoacariasis; Introduction: Otoacariasis, the attachment of ticks and mites within the ear canal is a common Thick; phenomenon especially in rural areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ticks (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) of Arkansas
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 70 Article 25 2016 The ickT s (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) of Arkansas C. T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma State College, [email protected] L. A. Durden Georgia Southern University, Statesboro H. W. Robison Southern Arkansas University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Entomology Commons, Parasitology Commons, and the Population Biology Commons Recommended Citation McAllister, C. T.; Durden, L. A.; and Robison, H. W. (2016) "The ickT s (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) of Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 70 , Article 25. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol70/iss1/25 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 70 [2016], Art. 25 The Ticks (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodida) of Arkansas C.T. McAllister1*, L.A. Durden2, and H.W. Robison3 1Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College,
    [Show full text]
  • Otobius Megnini (Acari: Argasidae) in Iran: Exotic Or Established?
    Persian J. Acarol., 2018, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 209–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22073/pja.v7i2.34812 Journal homepage: http://www.biotaxa.org/pja Article Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) in Iran: exotic or established? Asadollah Hosseini-Chegeni1, 2, Javad Khedri3, Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy4 and Faezeh Faghihi5* 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan, Lorestan, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 2. Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran 3. Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; E-mail: Javadkhedri1362@ yahoo.com 4. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 5. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] & [email protected] * Corresponding author ABSTRACT Otobius megnini is a tick species which it's larvae and nymphs feed deep in the external ear canal of a variety of ungulates. In this study, twelve adult and four nymph specimens were collected from cattle hosts in Sistan and Baluchestan, and Hamedan Provinces. The specimens were identified using morphological key and the datawas confirmed by molecular assays. In the present study, we could find O. megnini in tick fauna of Iran with new hosts for this species. KEY WORDS: Cattle; molecular assay; COI; soft tick; spinose ear tick. PAPER INFO.: Received: 11 December 2017, Accepted: 1 March 2018, Published: 15 April 2018 INTRODUCTION Otobius megnini (Dugès, 1883) (Acari: Argasidae), the spinose ear tick, is a tick species which it's larvae and nymphs feed deep in the external ear canal of a variety of species [primarily ungulates] (Kaufmann 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide to Identification of Species
    Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide to Identification of Species A.R. Walker A. Bouattour J.-L. Camicas A. Estrada-Peña I.G. Horak A.A. Latif R.G. Pegram P.M. Preston Copyright: The University of Edinburgh 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the copyright holder. Applications for reproduction should be made through the publisher. First published 2003 Revised 2014 ISBN 0-9545173-0-X Printed by Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands. Published by: Bioscience Reports, Edinburgh Scotland,U.K. www.biosciencereports.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk Production, printing and distribution of this guide-book has been financed by the INCO-DEV programme of the European Union through Concerted Action Project no. ICA4-CT-2000-30006, entitled, International Consortium on Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases (ICTTD-2). Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction and Glossary. Amblyomma lepidum 55 Introduction 1 Amblyomma pomposum 59 Glossary 2-20 Amblyomma variegatum 63 Argas persicus 67 Chapter 2. Biology of Ticks Argas walkerae 71 and Methods for Identification. Dermacentor marginatus 74 Relationship to other animals 21 Haemaphysalis leachi 77 Feeding 21 Haemaphysalis punctata 80 Reproduction 22 Haemaphysalis sulcata 83 Three-host tick life cycle 22 Hyalomma anatolicum 86 One and two-host tick life cycle 22 Hyalomma excavatum 90 Argasid tick life cycles 22 Hyalomma scupense
    [Show full text]
  • RNA Interference-Based Technology: What Role in Animal Agriculture?
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Animal Production Science, 2017, 57,1–15 Perspectives on Animal Biosciences http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AN15437 RNA interference-based technology: what role in animal agriculture? B. J. Bradford A,C, C. A. Cooper B, M. L. Tizard B, T. J. Doran B and T. M. Hinton B ADepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. BCSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Geelong, Vic. 3219, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Animal agriculture faces a broad array of challenges, ranging from disease threats to adverse environmental conditions, while attempting to increase productivity using fewer resources. RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological phenomenon with the potential to provide novel solutions to some of these challenges. Discovered just 20 years ago, the mechanisms underlying RNAi are now well described in plants and animals. Intracellular double-stranded RNA triggers a conserved response that leads to cleavage and degradation of complementary mRNA strands, thereby preventing production of the corresponding protein product. RNAi can be naturally induced by expression of endogenous microRNA, which are critical in the regulation of protein synthesis, providing a mechanism for rapid adaptation of physiological function. This endogenous pathway can be co-opted for targeted RNAi either through delivery of exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) into target cells or by transgenic expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Potentially valuable RNAi targets for livestock include endogenous genes such as developmental regulators, transcripts involved in adaptations to new physiological states, immune response mediators, and also exogenous genes such as those encoded by viruses. RNAi approaches have shown promise in cell culture and rodent models as well as some livestock studies, but technical and market barriers still need to be addressed before commercial applications of RNAi in animal agriculture can be realised.
    [Show full text]
  • Tapir CAMP 1994.Pdf
    TAPIR CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND l'v1ANAGEMENT PLAN WORKING DOCUMENT Februarv 1995 OJ Report from the workshop held 8-12 March 1994 Edited and Compiled by Rick Barongi, Michael Dee, Lewis Greene, Donald L. Janssen, Diane Ledder, Sharon Matola, Onnie Byers, and Susie Ellis A Collaborative Workshop SSC Tapir Specialist Group AZA Tapir Taxon Advisory Group IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group An IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Publication 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA SPECIES $UR..VfVA,l COHMISSION A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, the IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group, and the AZA Tapir Taxon Advisory Group. The primary sponsor of the Workshop was the San Diego Zoo. Cover Photo: Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii), provided by Rick Barongi. Tapir Conservation Assessment & Management Plan Working Document. R. Barongi, M. Dee, L. Greene, D. Janssen, D. Ledder, S. Matola, 0. Byers, S. Ellis (eds.). IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. 1994: 1-110. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Bank. Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. 1100 1210 1736. The work of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous COntribUtiOnS from the
    [Show full text]