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Die Desktop-Metapher in Systemen Nach Dem Werkzeug- Und Material-Ansatz

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Die Desktop-Metapher in Systemen Nach Dem Werkzeug- Und Material-Ansatz Diplomarbeit Die Desktop-Metapher in Systemen nach dem Werkzeug- und Material-Ansatz Martin Lippert Pagenfelder Straße 8 22111 Hamburg [email protected] Oktober 1999 Erstbetreuung: Prof. Dr. Heinz Züllighoven Zweitbetreuung: Prof. Dr. Winfried Lamersdorf Fachbereich Informatik Universität Hamburg Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30 22527 Hamburg Erklärung: Hiermit versichere ich, diese Arbeit selbständig und unter ausschließlicher Zuhilfenahme der in der Arbeit aufgeführten Hilfsmittel erstellt zu haben. Hamburg, den Martin Lippert Pagenfelder Straße 8 22111 Hamburg Tel.: (040) 655 42 37 Fax: (040) 651 78 41 Betreuung: Prof. Dr. Heinz Züllighoven (Erstbetreuer) Prof. Dr. Winfried Lamersdorf (Zweitbetreuer) Prof. Dr. Heinz Züllighoven Arbeitsbereich Softwaretechnik (SWT) Fachbereich Informatik Universität Hamburg Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30 22527 Hamburg Prof. Dr. Winfried Lamersdorf Arbeitsbereich Verteilte Systeme (VSYS) Fachbereich Informatik Universität Hamburg Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30 22527 Hamburg 2 Zu meinem Vorteil muß sich alles fügen; Ich bin einmal so tief in Blut gestiegen, Daß, wollt ich nun im Waten stillestehn, Rückkehr so schwierig wär, als durchzugehn. Seltsames glüht im Kopf, es will zur Hand, Und muß getan sein. (William Shakespeare, Macbeth) Mut ist der Motor des Fortschritts. (unbekannter Herkunft) 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 EINLEITUNG ..............................................................................................................................................7 1.1 MOTIVATION ..............................................................................................................................................7 1.2 ZIELE DER ARBEIT......................................................................................................................................9 1.3 ÜBERSICHT ÜBER DIE ARBEIT.....................................................................................................................9 1.4 KONVENTIONEN .......................................................................................................................................10 1.5 DANKSAGUNG ..........................................................................................................................................11 2 DIE DESKTOP-METAPHER ..................................................................................................................13 2.1 ENTWICKLUNG DER DESKTOP-METAPHER ...............................................................................................13 2.1.1 Das 8010 Star Information System ................................................................................................13 2.2 CHARAKTERISTIK DER DESKTOP-METAPHER ...........................................................................................17 2.3 HEUTIGE DESKTOP-SYSTEME...................................................................................................................18 2.3.1 Apple Macintosh ............................................................................................................................19 2.3.2 Microsoft Windows ........................................................................................................................20 2.3.3 Andere Systeme..............................................................................................................................22 2.3.4 Zusammenfassung..........................................................................................................................22 2.4 ERFOLG DER DESKTOP-METAPHER ..........................................................................................................23 2.5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK .......................................................................................................24 3 DIE DESKTOP-METAPHER IM WAM-KONTEXT ...........................................................................25 3.1 DIE DESKTOP-METAPHER AUS WAM-SICHT............................................................................................25 3.1.1 Ein Benutzungsmodell....................................................................................................................25 3.1.2 Situative Büroarbeit.......................................................................................................................26 3.1.3 Vergegenständlichung ...................................................................................................................27 3.1.4 Räumliche Anordnung ...................................................................................................................32 3.1.5 Direkte Manipulation.....................................................................................................................33 3.1.6 Zusammenfassung..........................................................................................................................37 3.2 ENTWURF EINES WAM-DESKTOPS...........................................................................................................37 3.2.1 Visualisierung der Dinge ...............................................................................................................37 3.2.2 Desktop-Möblierung ......................................................................................................................39 3.2.3 Drag & Drop..................................................................................................................................40 3.2.4 Kontextmenüs.................................................................................................................................44 3.2.5 Dinge „aktivieren“ ........................................................................................................................46 3.2.6 Werkzeugzentriert vs. Materialzentriert.........................................................................................47 3.3 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK .......................................................................................................49 4 DRAG & DROP FÜR WAM-SYSTEME ................................................................................................51 4.1 DRAG-&-DROP-SZENARIEN .....................................................................................................................52 4.1.1 Szenario 1: Werkzeug mit Material aktivieren...............................................................................52 4.1.2 Szenario 2: Werkzeug aus der Palette auf den Desktop legen.......................................................52 4.2 AUSWERTUNG DER SZENARIEN ................................................................................................................52 4.3 ENTWURF EINES MECHANISMUS FÜR WAM.............................................................................................53 4.3.1 Beteiligte Komponenten.................................................................................................................53 4.3.2 Semantik einer Drag-&-Drop-Operation ......................................................................................54 4.3.3 Das Drag-Objekt............................................................................................................................55 4.3.4 Semantisches Feedback .................................................................................................................55 4.4 REALISIERUNG IN EINEM GUI-FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................56 4.4.1 Abstraktion auf Basis von Interaktionsformen...............................................................................56 4.4.2 Interaktionsformen für Drag & Drop ............................................................................................57 4.4.3 Kontext einer Drag-&-Drop-Operation.........................................................................................60 4.4.4 Anbindung an das System ..............................................................................................................61 4.4.5 Austausch des Drag-Objektes........................................................................................................63 4.4.6 Dynamik.........................................................................................................................................63 4.5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG................................................................................................................................66 5 5 KONSTRUKTION EINES WAM-DESKTOPS......................................................................................69 5.1 WAM-DESKTOP VERSUS SYSTEM-DESKTOP............................................................................................70 5.1.1 System-Desktop..............................................................................................................................70 5.1.2 WAM-Desktop................................................................................................................................71 5.1.3 Zusammenfassung..........................................................................................................................71 5.2 EIN WAM-DESKTOP ALS WERKZEUG ......................................................................................................71 5.3 KOMPONENTEN AUF DEM WAM-DESKTOP ..............................................................................................74 5.3.1 Gegenstände
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