DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter III ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT of EASTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter III ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT of EASTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN DEEP SEA MEIOBENTHIC COMMUNITY OF THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE FROM 200-1000 M DEPTHS OF EASTERN ARABIAN SEA, WITH A FOCUS ON FREE LIVING NEMATODES Thesis submitted to Cochin University of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Under the Faculty of Marine Sciences By Jini Jacob REG. No. - 3622 DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY SCHOOL OF MARINE SCIENCES COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KOCHI –682 016, INDIA November 2017 DEEP SEA MEIOBENTHIC COMMUNITY OF THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE FROM 200 – 1000M DEPTHS OF EASTERN ARABIAN SEA, WITH A FOCUS ON FREE LIVING NEMATODES Ph.D. Thesis under the Faculty of Marine Sciences Author Jini Jacob Research Scholar-Part time Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi – 682 016 Supervising Guide Prof. (Dr.) R. Damodaran Professor (Retd.) Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi – 682 016 November 2017 Front Cover Free living nematode Paramirolaimus damodarani Jacob et al., 2015, collected onboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the study area. I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Deep sea meiobenthic community of the continental slope from 200 – 1000m depths of Eastern Arabian Sea, with a focus on free living nematodes” is a genuine record of research work done by me under the supervision and guidance of Dr. R. Damodaran, Retired Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology and no part thereof has been presented for the award of any other degree, diploma or associateship in any University or Institution earlier. Kochi - 682 016 Jini Jacob November, 2017 (Reg. No.3622) I would like to express my deepest gratitude first and foremost to (Prof.) Dr. R. Damodaran, my mentor and supervising guide, who introduced me to the fascinating world of meiofauna. I am always obliged to him for sharing his vast knowledge, for inspiring discussions, valuable suggestions, critical evaluation, constant encouragement, and unfailing moral support throughout the study. Without his vision, this work would never have been possible. Words cannot express my gratitude to (Prof) Dr. Rosamma Philip, Head of the Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, CUSAT and Principal Investigator, MoES Project and former co-guide. Her valuable contributions in all turning points of my life will always be remembered with immense gratitude. This work forms part of the project “Benthic fauna of continental slope from 200-1000m depths of Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal” funded by the Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE), Ministry of Earth Science, Government of India. I would like to express my sincere thanks to present and former Heads of the Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, for all the help and support extended throughout the period of work. I also express my deep felt gratitude to the Dean, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Director, School of Marine Sciences, CUSAT for all the help rendered and facilities provided for research. I am ever thankful to all teachers of the Department for their support and encouragement. I thank Prof. (Dr.) C. K. Radhakrishnan, Prof. (Dr.) Babu Philip, Prof. (Dr.) A.V. Saramma, Prof. (Dr.) A. A. Mohamed Hatha, Prof. (Dr.) Aneykutty Joseph, Prof. (Dr.) Bijoy Nandan, Dr. Swapna P. Antony, Dr. Priyaja P. and Dr. Padmakumar K. B. for their valuable advice and support. I also express my deepest gratitude to Dr.V. N. Sanjeevan (former Director, CMLRE), Dr. M. Sudhakar (Director, CMLRE), Dr. G. V. M. Gupta (Scientist F), Dr. Anil Kumar Vijayan (Scientist D), Dr. Smitha B. R. (Scientist D) and Dr. Hashim M. (Scientist C) of CMLRE for providing facilities and for their encouragement. I am grateful to Dr. Abdul Jaleel K. U. (Scientist, CSIR-NIO), for the constant support and scientific advice. His help and guidance has been invaluable in structuring my thesis. I express deepest gratitude to him for his presence of mind and tenacity which motivated me to complete my thesis. I acknowledge all administrative and technical staff of the Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry for their kind co-operation and timely help during the tenure of my work. I am also grateful to the library staff for extending necessary facilities. The scientific and non-scientific crew of FORV Sagar Sampada (Cruise no 219, 225, 228, 233 and 254) as well as the Vessel Management Team at CMLRE, Kochi are thanked for a smooth and comfortable sample collection. I am extremely thankful to my classmates who made my student years fruitful and memorable with. I am overwhelmed by the unconditional love and support of Dr. Sini Binoj, Mrs. Beena and Dr. Bineesh K. K. and Mr. Pradeep K. Word fails to express deep gratitude towards the team members of the 10th plan Benthic project, Dr Abdul Jaleel K, U., Mr. Nousheer Khan, Dr. Neil S. Correya, Mr. Anilkumar P. R. and Dr. Smitha C. K. Besides them, I thank all the present and past Research scholars of Marine Biology, especially Dr. Selvan Subramanyan, Dr. Roja Naveen, Dr. Simi Joseph, Dr. Bindhya Barghavan, Dr. Harikrishnan E, Dr. Anupama, Dr. Jisha Sivan, Dr. Remya, Dr. Jisha Jose, Mrs. Jisha V.K, Dr. Mujeeb Rahman, Ms. Sreedevi O. K, Mrs. Vineetha, Mrs. Anu, Ms. Bhavya, Ms. Manomi and Mr. Akhilesh Vijay. I express special thanks to Mrs. Chaithanya Aneesh, Ms. Deborah Alexander and Mrs Sruthy Anand for the whole hearted sisterly affection and warm friendship offered to me. Words cannot express my love to them. Dr. Naveen Sathyan, Dr. Afsal V. V., Mr. Jayanath, Mrs. Divya, Mrs. Jimly, Mrs Remya and Mrs. Aishwarya Ajith, are always gratefully acknowledged for the cherished friendship. Timely help offered by Ms. Dr.Usha Parameswaran, Ms. Aiswarya Gopal, Mr. Vinu Jacob, Dr. Smitha B. R. (Scientist C, CMLRE), Dr. Bindia Raveendran and Mr. Shuaib are gratefully acknowledged. I thank all of them for their unconditional support, inspiration and friendship during the endeavor. Thanks are due to Mr. Arun C. N., Mr. Kevin Venugopal as well as all my friends at CMLRE for the kind cooperation and support. I was fortunate to work with an excellent team of ‘Benthos’ (CMLRE) whose members share a real passion towards taxonomy and ecology of benthos. We lived and respired in taxonomy. I cherish the moments of scientific discussions and taxonomic identifications with Jaleeletan, Usha and Aishu. Above all, I would like to share this moment of happiness with my family. No words are sufficient to mark the gratitude for my husband and my companion, Mr. Anil, because I cannot conceive the completion of this thesis without his timely help. This thesis is the fruit of grace, hard work and prayers of my parents. I thank my brothers Mr. Jolly. Mr Joby, Mr. Aneesh, for their support and love. Mrs. Deepthy, Mrs. Najina, Mrs. Anitha, Mrs. Anila and Mrs. Anona are whole heartedly acknowledged for their help and love. It is their support that enabled me to walk to this milestone in my research career. Thanks are due to my little son Allu and all my nephews & nieces for their unconditional love. I strongly believe that everything happens for a reason, but reasons are unknown at the time of incidence. Only the turning wheels of time have the power to reveal these reasons to us. I thank all the reasons and the creator of all these reasons…the Almighty. Jini TO ST. ANTHONY OF PADUA CONTENTS I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 I.1 Abiotic environment of the deep-sea ................................................. 3 I.2. Food supply to the deep sea ............................................................... 4 I.3. Deep sea benthic biodiversity............................................................. 6 I.4. Significance of the present study ....................................................... 9 I.5. Benthic studies in relation to OMZs ............................................... 14 I.6. Main objectives ................................................................................. 17 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................... 19 II.1. Study area .......................................................................................... 19 II.2. Sampling locations ........................................................................... 20 II.3. Methodology ...................................................................................... 21 III. THE ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT OF EASTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN ........................................................................................... 30 III.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 30 III.2. Results ................................................................................................ 32 III.3. Discussion .......................................................................................... 49 IV. STANDING STOCK OF MEIOBENTHOS .................................. 56 IV.1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 56 IV.2. Results ................................................................................................ 59 IV.3. Discussion .........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nematodes from Sandy Beaches of Guanabara Bay, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
    92 NEMATODES FROM SANDY BEACHES OF GUANABARA BAY, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL Tatiana F. Maria1,2 André M. Esteves3 Nicole Smol4 Ann Vanreusel1 Wilfrida Decraemer4,5 [email protected] RESUMO Este trabalho caracterizou a composição da nematofauna de três praias arenosas localizadas na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (22°24’ e 22°57’S; 42°33’ e 43°19’W). Essas três praias arenosas protegidas (Bica, Bananal and Coqueiros) foram estudadas de Janeiro a Junho de 2001, durante a maré baixa. As amostras foram coletadas usando um cilindro de PVC com 10cm2. Os nematódeos foram extraídos utilizando-se a técnica de flotação com açúcar. O sedimento destas praias foi composto, principalmente, de areia, variando de média a muita grossa. No total 6312 indivíduos foram identificados em nível genérico ou, quando possível, em nível de espécie. No total, das três praias, foram encontrados 62 gêneros pertencentes a 25 famílias e distribuídos ao longo de 8 ordens. Chromadoridae foi a família com maior número de gêneros. Todas as famílias encontradas já haviam sido registradas para outras praias, previamente, estudadas. Dentre os gêneros encontrados, quatro deles (Deontolaimus, Dracograllus, Phanodermella and Subsphaerolaimus) foram, pela primeira vez, registrados na costa Brasileira. Os números de gêneros presentes nas praias da Baía de Guanabara (31 na Bica, 39 no Bananal e 46 em Coqueiros) são similares a de uma outra praia arenosa brasileira, enquanto que, esses valores mostraram grande variação em relação a outras praias tropicais e não-tropicais no mundo. O primeiro registro de quatro gêneros para a costa brasileira sugere a possibilidade de novas espécies nesta baía, o que reforça a importância do desenvolvimento da taxonomia de nematódeos no Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
    Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CHAPTER 5.3. ANTARCTIC FREE-LIVING MARINE NEMATODES. Ingels J., Hauquier F., Raes M., Vanreusel A., 2014. In: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 83-87. EDITED BY: Claude DE BROYER & Philippe KOUBBI (chief editors) with Huw GRIFFITHS, Ben RAYMOND, Cédric d’UDEKEM d’ACOZ, Anton VAN DE PUTTE, Bruno DANIS, Bruno DAVID, Susie GRANT, Julian GUTT, Christoph HELD, Graham HOSIE, Falk HUETTMANN, Alexandra POST & Yan ROPERT-COUDERT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTIC RESEARCH THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN The “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The “Biogeographic Atlas” is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds- Ecosys- tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems). Edited by: Claude De Broyer (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels) Philippe Koubbi (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris) Huw Griffiths (British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge) Ben Raymond (Australian
    [Show full text]
  • Species Variability and Connectivity in the Deep Sea: Evaluating Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity and Hydrodynamic Effects]
    Supplementary material for [L Lins], [2016], [Species variability and connectivity in the deep sea: evaluating effects of spatial heterogeneity and hydrodynamic effects] Species variability and connectivity in the deep sea: evaluating effects of spatial heterogeneity and hydrodynamic effects Supplementary material for [L Lins], [2016], [Species variability and connectivity in the deep sea: evaluating effects of spatial heterogeneity and hydrodynamic effects] Supplementary material for [L Lins], [2016], [Species variability and connectivity in the deep sea: evaluating effects of spatial heterogeneity and hydrodynamic effects] Supplementary Figure 1: Partial-18S rDNA phylogeny of Nematoda: Chromadorea. The inferred relationships support a broad taxonomic representation of nematodes in samples from lower shelf and upper slope at the West-Iberian Margin and furthermore indicate neither geographic nor depth clustering between ‘deep’ and ‘shallow’ taxa at any level of the tree topology. Reconstruction of nematode 18S relationships was conducted using Maximum Likelihood. Bootstrap support values were generated using 1000 replicates and are presented as node support. The analyses were performed by means of Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood (RAxML). Branch (line) width represents statistical support. Sequences retrieved from Genbank are represented by their Genbank Accession numbers. Orders and Families are annotated as branch labels. PERMANOVA table of results (2-factor design) Source df SS MS Pseudo-F P(perm) Unique perms Depth 1 105.29
    [Show full text]
  • World Database of Free-Living Marine Nematodes Editor Workshop Report
    World Database of Free-Living Marine Nematodes Editor Workshop Ghent University – Marine Biology Research Group – Ghent, Belgium 05 - 07 September 2018 Email to contact all Nemys editors: [email protected] Report Attendants Editors: Tania Nara Bezerra, Ann Vanreusel, Mike Hodda, Zeng Zhao, Ursula Eisendle-Flöckner, Oleksandr Holovachov, Virág Venekey, Nic Smol, Wilfrida Decraemer, Dmitry Miljutin, Vadim Mokievsky Excused: Daniel Leduc, Jyotsna Sharma, Reyes Peña Santiago, Alexei Tchesunov WoRMS Data Management Team (DMT): Bart Vanhoorne, Wim Decock, Thomas Lanssens, Ricardo Simões Excused: Leen Vandepitte The first Nemys Editors Workshop in February 2015 result in a considerable improvement of the database and in 2016 during the Meiofauna Conference in Crete, where some of the editors were present, some issues were also discussed. These possibilities of having the editors working alongside provide an efficient work in a shorter time. We definitely need to have these workshops periodically. The objectives of this workshop were: (i) to evaluate the work that has been done over the past three years and the maintenance of the database, (ii) to welcome the editors of terrestrial and fresh water nematodes, set clear goals, assign tasks and initiate the practical work related to new initiatives and (iii) to outline practices for outreach and scientific output for Nemys (e.g. scientific papers, presentations of the progress, plans and results at an upcoming conference). On the first day it was asked to have a rapporteur for each session in order to have it registered. The original minutes are on a separate document and were used to generate this report. This report includes: I.
    [Show full text]
  • Free-Living Marine Nematodes from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro, Argentina)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 574: 43–55Free-living (2016) marine nematodes from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro, Argentina) 43 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.574.7222 DATA PAPER http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Free-living marine nematodes from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro, Argentina) Gabriela Villares1, Virginia Lo Russo1, Catalina Pastor de Ward1, Viviana Milano2, Lidia Miyashiro3, Renato Mazzanti3 1 Laboratorio de Meiobentos LAMEIMA-CENPAT-CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACF, Puerto Madryn, Argentina 2 Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, sede Puerto Madryn. Boulevard Brown 3051, U9120ACF, Puerto Madryn, Argentina 3Centro de Cómputos CENPAT-CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, U9120ACF, Puerto Madryn, Argentina Corresponding author: Gabriela Villares ([email protected]) Academic editor: H-P Fagerholm | Received 18 November 2015 | Accepted 11 February 2016 | Published 28 March 2016 http://zoobank.org/3E8B6DD5-51FA-499D-AA94-6D426D5B1913 Citation: Villares G, Lo Russo V, Pastor de Ward C, Milano V, Miyashiro L, Mazzanti R (2016) Free-living marine nematodes from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro, Argentina). ZooKeys 574: 43–55. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.574.7222 Abstract The dataset of free-living marine nematodes of San Antonio Bay is based on sediment samples collected in February 2009 during doctoral theses funded by CONICET grants. A total of 36 samples has been taken at three locations in the San Antonio Bay, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina on the coastal littoral at three tidal levels. This presents a unique and important collection for benthic biodiversity assessment of Patagonian nematodes as this area remains one of the least known regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Succession of Nematodes During Composting Processess and Their Potential As Indicators of Compost Maturity
    Succession of nematodes during composting processess and their potential as indicators of compost maturity Hanne Steel Promoters: Prof. dr. Wim Bert (UGent) Prof. dr. Tom Moens (UGent) Thesis submitted to obtain the degree of doctor in Sciences, Biology Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het bekomen van de graad van doctor in de Wetenschappen, Biologie Dit werk werd mogelijk gemaakt door een beurs van het Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- Vlaanderen (FWO) This work was supported by a grant of the Foundation for Scientific Research, Flanders (FWO) 3 Reading Committee: Prof. dr. Deborah Neher (University of Vermont, USA) Dr. Thomaé Kakouli-Duarte (Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland) Prof. dr. Magda Vincx (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr. Eduardo de la Peña (Ghent University, Belgium) Examination Committee: Prof. dr. Koen Sabbe (chairman, Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. dr. Wim Bert (secretary, promotor, Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. dr. Tom Moens (promotor, Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. dr. Deborah Neher (University of Vermont, USA) Dr. Thomaé Kakouli-Duarte (Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland) Prof. dr. Magda Vincx (Ghent University, Belgium) Prof. dr. Wilfrida Decraemer (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Belgium) Dr. Eduardo de la Peña (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr. Ir. Bart Vandecasteele (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Belgium) 5 Acknowledgments Eindelijk is het zover! Ik mag mijn dankwoord schrijven, iets waar ik stiekem al heel lang naar uitkijk en dat alleen maar kan betekenen dat mijn doctoraat bijna klaar is. JOEPIE! De voorbije 5 jaar waren zonder twijfel leuk, leerrijk en ontzettend boeiend. Maar… jawel doctoreren is ook een project van lange adem, met vallen en opstaan, met zin en tegenzin, met geluk en tegenslag, met fantastische hoogtes maar soms ook laagtes….Nu ik er zo over nadenk en om in een vertrouwd thema te blijven: doctoreren verschilt eigenlijk niet zo gek veel van een composteringsproces, dat bij voorkeur trouwens ook veel adem (zuurstof) ter beschikking heeft.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy Assignment Approach Determines the Efficiency of Identification of Metabarcodes in Marine Nematodes
    Taxonomy assignment approach determines the efficiency of identification of metabarcodes in marine nematodes Oleksandr Holovachov1, Quiterie Haenel2, Sarah J. Bourlat3 and Ulf Jondelius1 1Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden 2Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland 3Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Abstract: Precision and reliability of barcode-based biodiversity assessment can be affected at several steps during acquisition and analysis of the data. Identification of barcodes is one of the crucial steps in the process and can be accomplished using several different approaches, namely, alignment-based, probabilistic, tree-based and phylogeny-based. Number of identified sequences in the reference databases affects the precision of identification. This paper compares the identification of marine nematode barcodes using alignment-based, tree-based and phylogeny-based approaches. Because the nematode reference dataset is limited in its taxonomic scope, barcodes can only be assigned to higher taxonomic categories, families. Phylogeny-based approach using Evolutionary Placement Algorithm provided the largest number of positively assigned metabarcodes and was least affected by erroneous sequences and limitations of reference data, comparing to alignment- based and tree-based approaches. Key words: biodiversity, identification, barcode, nematodes, meiobenthos. 1 1. Introduction Metabarcoding studies based on high throughput sequencing of amplicons from marine samples have reshaped our understanding of the biodiversity of marine microscopic eukaryotes, revealing a much higher diversity than previously known [1]. Early metabarcoding of the slightly larger sediment-dwelling meiofauna have mainly focused on scoring relative diversity of taxonomic groups [1-3]. The next step in metabarcoding: identification of species, is limited by the available reference database, which is sparse for most marine taxa, and by the matching algorithms.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Paraná Ana Carolina Vilas
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ ANA CAROLINA VILAS-BOAS A INFLUÊNCIA DE GRADIENTES AMBIENTAIS E FILOGENIA NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E VARIABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE NEMATÓDEOS MARINHOS PONTAL DO PARANÁ 2019 ANA CAROLINA VILAS-BOAS A INFLUÊNCIA DE GRADIENTES AMBIENTAIS E FILOGENIA NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E VARIABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE NEMATÓDEOS MARINHOS Tese apresentada ao curso de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor(a) em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Fonseca PONTAL DO PARANÁ 2019 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE: UFPR / SiBi - Biblioteca do Centro de Estudos do Mar Fernanda Pigozzi - CRB-9/1151 Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina V695i A influência de gradientes ambientais e filogenia na distribuição espacial e variabilidade fenotípica de nematódeos marinhos. / Ana Carolina Vilas-Boas. – Pontal do Paraná, 2019. 217 f.: il.; color.; 29 cm. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gustavo Fonseca. Tese (Doutorado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceâ- nicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Setor Reitoria, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 1. Nematoda. 2. Filogenética. I. Título. II. Fonseca, Gustavo. III. Universidade Federal Do Paraná. CDD 595.182 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço imensamente à minha família pela compreensão, apoio e carinho, em diversos momentos à distância. Registro a minha gratidão também ao meu orientador, Gustavo Fonseca, pelos inúmeros ensinamentos, por toda a confiança e acolhimento. Todo o meu carinho à Fabiane Gallucci por compartilhar muitos conhecimentos e alegrias. Não poderia esquecer da Professora Gislene Vilara e dos meus colegas de labs. pelas inúmeras trocas e companheirismo: Marco Brustolin, Danilo Vieira, Mariana Aliceda e Camila Cabral.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Outline
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering, Science, and Mathematics School of Ocean and Earth Science Resolving phylogenetic relationships within the order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) by Holly Marie Bik Thesis of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2010 Graduate School of the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton This PhD Dissertation by Holly Marie Bik has been produced under the supervision of the following persons Supervisors Prof John Lambshead Dr Lawrence Hawkins Dr Alan Hughes Dr David Lunt Research Advisor Prof W. Kelley Thomas Chair of Advisory Panel Dr Martin Sheader 2 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE & MATHEMATICS SCHOOL OF OCEAN & EARTH SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy RESOLVING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE ORDER ENOPLIDA (PHYLUM NEMATODA) by Holly Marie Bik The Order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) has been proposed as a divergent nematode lineage—Enoplid nematodes are thought to exhibit morphological and developmental characteristics present in the ‘ancestral nematode’. However, previous molecular phylogenies have failed to unequivocally confirm the position of this group. The Enoplida is primarily comprised of free-living marine species; if these taxa represent close relatives of the nematode ancestor, this relationship would presumably imply a marine origin for the phylum. Prior to this investigation, few publically available gene sequences existed for Enoplid nematodes, and published sequences represented only shallow water fauna from Northwest Europe. This study has aimed to improve resolution at the base of the nematode tree, using drastically increased taxon-sampling within the previously neglected Enoplid clade. Morphological identifications, nuclear gene sequences (18S and 28S rRNA), and mitochondrial gene sequences (Cox1) were obtained from marine specimens representing a variety of deep-sea and intertidal habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY a Draft Transcriptome of a Parasite
    JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-040 e2021-40 | Vol. 53 A draft transcriptome of a parasite Neocamacolaimus parasiticus (Camacolaimidae, Plectida) Mohammed Ahmed1, Funmilola Adedidran2 and Oleksandr Holovachov1,* Abstract 1Department of Zoology, Swedish Camacolaimidae is a clade of nematodes that include both free- Museum of Natural History, SE-104 living epistrate feeding forms and parasites of marine protozoans 05, Stockholm, Sweden. and invertebrates. Neocamacolaimus parasiticus is a parasite of marine polychaete worms. Given its phylogenetic affinities to free- 2Department of Zoology, Stockholm living species, Neocamacolaimus can be a reference for research of University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, the origin of parasitism in an aquatic environment. Here, we present Sweden. a draft transcriptome obtained from a single post-parasitic juvenile *E-mail: oleksandr.holovachov@ individual of this species. The final assembly consists of 19,180 nrm.se protein coding sequences (including isoforms) with the following BUSCO scores for Nematoda: 65.38% complete, 9.06% partial, and This paper was edited by 25.56% missing, and for Metazoa: 79.45% complete, 3.17% partial, Dee Denver. and 17.38% missing. Received for Publication December 30, 2020. Keywords Transcriptomics, Marine, Parasitism, Plectida, Sweden. The nematode family Camacolaimidae from the and post-parasitic juveniles and males, while females order Plectida is a relatively small group of marine were never found, despite multiple attempts over nematodes (Holovachov, 2014) long thought to be several years. free-living selective deposit feeders and epistrate Within the order Plectida itself, the symbiotic feeders (Wieser, 1953). Recent studies, however, lifestyle appears in several other lineages in addition revealed that some members of this clade are to Camacolaimidae.
    [Show full text]
  • A Focus on the Enoplida and Early-Branching Clades
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Hubbard Center for Genome Studies (HCGS) Research Institutes, Centers and Programs 11-12-2010 Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades Holly M. Bik Natural History Museum, London P. John D. Lambshead National Oceanography Centre W. Kelley Thomas University of New Hampshire, [email protected] David H. Lunt University of Hull Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/hubbard Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Bik et al.: Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:353. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Institutes, Centers and Programs at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hubbard Center for Genome Studies (HCGS) by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bik et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:353 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/353 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Moving towards a complete molecular framework of the Nematoda: a focus on the Enoplida and early-branching clades Holly M Bik1,2,3*, P John D Lambshead2, W Kelley Thomas3, David H Lunt4 Abstract Background: The subclass Enoplia (Phylum Nematoda) is purported to be the earliest branching clade amongst all nematode taxa, yet the deep phylogeny of this important lineage remains elusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Einfluß Kleiner Kaltwasser-Schwämme Auf Die Diversität Benthischer Nematoden-Gemeinschaften
    Kleinskalige Heterogenität in der arktischen Tiefsee: Einfluß kleiner Kaltwasser-Schwämme auf die Diversität benthischer Nematoden-Gemeinschaften Small-scale heterogeneity in the Arctic deep sea: Impact of small coldwater-sponges on the diversity of benthic nematode communities Christiane Hasemann In Erinnerung an eine ungewöhnliche Frau Für Mus Christiane Hasemann Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Postfach 12 01 61 D-27568 Bremerhaven Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die inhaltlich unveränderte Fassung einer Dissertation, die im Fachbereich Biowissenschaften bei Prof. Dr. W. E. Arntz angefertigt und 2005 dem Fachbereich 02 (Biologie/Chemie) der Universität Bremen vorgelegt wurde. Sie ist über die Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen als pdf-Dokument erhältlich unter: http://elib.suub.uni-bremen.de/dissertations/ Inhaltsverzeichnis Zusammenfassung...........................................................................1 Summary ..........................................................................................3 1 Einleitung .........................................................................................5 1.1. Untersuchungsobjekte..........................................................................8 1.1.1. Schwämme .........................................................................................8 1.1.2. Nematoden ....................................................................................... 10 1.1.2.1. Körperbau ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]