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FINAL REPORT Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam

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FINAL REPORT Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam FINAL REPORT Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 Lead Federal Agency - US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 Prepared for: Restoration Systems LLC 1101 Haynes Street Suite 211 Raleigh, NC 27604 Prepared by: Deborah Joy, MA, RPA Legacy Research Associates 3333 Durham-Chapel Hill Boulevard Suite A-100 Durham, NC 27707 September 15, 2014 Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................................................................... viii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................................................ix Archaeological Site 31WA1625/1625** - Milburnie East ....................................................... ix Archaeological Site 31WA1872/1872** - Milburnie West ....................................................... x Archaeological Site 31WA1873** .......................................................................................... xi Architectural Resource WA1677 (Milburnie Dam) ................................................................. xii Architectural Resource WA4330 (Bridge Piers) .....................................................................xiii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Summary of Historic Site Occupation..................................................................................... 1 North Carolina SHPO Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Review ..... 1 Lead Federal Agency - US Army Corps of Engineers Initial Evaluation..................................... 2 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Involvement ................................................... 2 Proposed Undertaking........................................................................................................... 4 Milburnie East .................................................................................................................... 4 Milburnie West ................................................................................................................... 4 Mitigation Plan ...................................................................................................................... 7 Cultural Resource Study Area ................................................................................................ 7 EXISTING CONDITIONS............................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Milburnie Dam Property......................................................................................................... 9 Neuse River Greenway Trail ................................................................................................... 9 Raleigh Parks Property........................................................................................................... 9 Sanitary Sewer Lines............................................................................................................10 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Topography ........................................................................................................................ 11 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................... 11 Geology .............................................................................................................................. 12 Soils.................................................................................................................................... 13 Congaree Series ............................................................................................................... 14 Wake Series...................................................................................................................... 14 Wehadkee/Bibb Series...................................................................................................... 14 Climate ............................................................................................................................... 15 Vegetation .......................................................................................................................... 15 CULTURAL CONTEXT............................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Prehistoric Overview............................................................................................................17 Paleoindian Period ........................................................................................................... 17 Archaic Period..................................................................................................................17 Woodland Period.............................................................................................................. 19 Legacy Research Associates Page ii of 148 Cultural Resource Investigations for the Milburnie Dam Mitigation Bank Project Wake County, North Carolina North Carolina Environmental Review (ER) #06-3114 US Army Corps of Engineers Action ID SAW-2010-0020 Contact-Era Overview.......................................................................................................... 21 Historic Overview ................................................................................................................ 21 Roads ................................................................................................................................. 26 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................................................................. 28 Background Research .......................................................................................................... 28 Archaeological Survey ......................................................................................................... 28 Surface Inspection............................................................................................................ 29 Subsurface Investigations................................................................................................. 29 Artifact Analysis and Curation ............................................................................................. 29 Report................................................................................................................................. 30 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION .......................................................................................... 31 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES .............................................................................................................. 32 Previous Cultural Resources Investigations .......................................................................... 32 Previously Recorded Architectural Resources ....................................................................... 36 Previously Recorded Archaeological Resources .................................................................... 36 HISTORY OF MILBURNIE DAM.......................................................................................................................................................... 38 Periods of Occupation ......................................................................................................... 38 Colonel John Hinton and Descendants (1760-1853) ......................................................... 38 Neuse Manufacturing Company (1853-1899) ................................................................... 42 Raleigh Ice & Electric (1899-1916) ................................................................................... 57 Carolina Power and Light (1916-1934)............................................................................. 60 Samuel Warren Twiggs and Descendants (1934-present-day) .......................................... 60 Solar Research Company (1970-1984) ............................................................................. 63 FIELD INVESTIGATION RESULTS..................................................................................................................................................... 65 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ..................................................................................................... 65 Site 31WA1625/1625** -
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